The document summarizes Sanskrit roots from two sources: Whitney's 1885 work listing Sanskrit verb roots and forms, and Pàõini's 5th century BCE work dividing Sanskrit roots into technical classes. It provides a list of Sanskrit verb roots from these sources, translating and classifying them. The roots are given in transliterated Sanskrit and grouped by meaning or conjugation class.
The document summarizes Sanskrit roots from two sources: Whitney's 1885 work listing Sanskrit verb roots and forms, and Pàõini's 5th century BCE work dividing Sanskrit roots into technical classes. It provides a list of Sanskrit verb roots from these sources, translating and classifying them. The roots are given in transliterated Sanskrit and grouped by meaning or conjugation class.
The document summarizes Sanskrit roots from two sources: Whitney's 1885 work listing Sanskrit verb roots and forms, and Pàõini's 5th century BCE work dividing Sanskrit roots into technical classes. It provides a list of Sanskrit verb roots from these sources, translating and classifying them. The roots are given in transliterated Sanskrit and grouped by meaning or conjugation class.
The document summarizes Sanskrit roots from two sources: Whitney's 1885 work listing Sanskrit verb roots and forms, and Pàõini's 5th century BCE work dividing Sanskrit roots into technical classes. It provides a list of Sanskrit verb roots from these sources, translating and classifying them. The roots are given in transliterated Sanskrit and grouped by meaning or conjugation class.
Center for Research in Computational Linguistics, Bangkok Whitney, William Dwight, The Roots, Verb-Forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, 1885. Whitney's work lists all the quotable roots of the Sanskrit language together with the tense and conjugation-systems made from them, the noun and adjective (infinitival and participal) formations that attach themselves most closely to the verb and with the other derivative noun and adjective-stems usually classed as primary. on-line source Pàõini, Dhàtupàñha, 5th Century BCE. The Dhàtupàñha (lit. a study of roots or verb forms) divides some 2200 roots into ten technical classes, including almost all irregular and noteworthy forms. These can be expanded into series' of active, passive, casual desiderative and derivative groups. on-line source. Below, √ items from Pàõini are indented. Whitney has been rechecked; Pàõini has not (n variations are particularly suspect). NOTE: links to Whitney page images (see) are not on-line. *ùñhiv to spit, to sputter; deri. ùñyåta (i) abhr to go, to wander about (i) ac see a¤c, ac (bend) ac to go; to request (i) ac to distinguish, to particularise (x) ac to speak indistinctly; to go; to request; to bend (i) ac to worship; to honour or to revere (i) àch to lengthen, to stretch, to make straight; deri. àchita (i) ad see eat ad to eat; deri. jagdha or annam (food), antum, jagdhvà, prajagdhya, àdivas or jakùivas (ii) aó to exert; to try (i) aóó to join; to attack; to explain the sense of; to sue, to exert (i) ag to wind, to go (i) agh to sin (x) ah see say ah to pervade (v) aj see drive aj to go; to drive; to throw (i) aj to make clear, to anoint, to be beautiful, to go; deri akta, ajitum or aïktum, ajitvà or aïktvà or aktvà (vii) aj to speak (x) ak to move tortuously (i) akù see mutilate akù see attain akù to pervade; to reach; to accumulate (i) al to adorn; to be competent or able (i) am see injure am to be ill, to afflict with sickness (x) am to go; to sound, to wait upon (i) amb, to sound (i) ambh ambar to bring together (x) aüh to shine (x) aüh to go (i) aüs to distribute (x) aüs to speak (x) aü÷ to distribute (x) an see breathe an to breath (iv) an to breathe (ii) aõ to breathe; deri. aõita (iv) aõ to utter a voice, to sound (i) a¤c, ac bend see andh to become blind, to shut eyes (x) a¤g see move aïg to go, to mark (x) aïg to go (i) aïgh to go; to hasten; to begin; to blame; to gamble (i) aõh see be narrow or distressing a¤j see anoint aïk to mark (i) aïk to go, to mark (x) aï÷ see a÷1, aï÷ (attain) ant, to bind (i) and aõñh to go (i) aõñña to despise (x) àndol to swing (x) à¤ch tear see àp see obtain àp to obtain (x) àp to pervade, to obtain, to occupy, to reach; deri. àpta, àptum, àptvà (v) arb to go, to injure, to kill (i) arc, çc shine, praise see arc to worship (x) arc to worship; to honour; to shine; to praise (Vedic) (i) ard see çd, ard (stir, dissolve) ard to kill, to hurt (x) ard to go; to beg or request; deri. ardita solicited; abhyarõa near, proximate, close, drawing near (of time) (i) argh to be worth (x) argh to be worth; to cost (i) arh see deserve arh to worship (x) arj see çj1, ç¤j, arj (direct, stretch, attain) arj to procure (x) arj to procure; to earn (i) ark to praise, to heat (x) art see çt, art (pursue) arth to request, to beg (x) arv to kill (i) àr see praise (?) as1see be as2see throw a÷1, aï÷ attain see a÷2see eat as to throw; deri. asta, asitum, asivas--àsàna (iv) as to be (ii) aù, as to go, to shine, to receive (i) a÷ to pervade, to heap, to obtain, to go to; deri. aùña, a÷itum or aùñum (v) a÷ to eat, (with pra to drin); deri. a÷ita, a÷itum, a÷itvà (ix) às see sit às to sit, to be; deri. àsãna, upàsya (ii) at see wander añ see wander at to go constantly; to obtain (mostly Vedic) (i) añ to wander (i) añh to go (i) aññ to transgress; to kill (i) av see favour av to protect, to move, to be lovely, to please, to satisfy, to know, to enter, to hear, to own, to beg, to act, to desire, to shine, to obtain, to embrace, to kill, to take, to be, to grow; deri. avita or åta (i) or ava-dhãr to despise, to disregard (x) avadhãr ay see i1, ã, ay (go) ay to go (i) bad to be steady or firm (i) badh see vadh, badh (slay) badh to loathe; to be disgusted with, to shrink from; deriv. bãbhatsita (i) badh, to bind, to restrain (x) bandh bàó to bathe; to dive (i) bàdh oppress see bàdh to oppress, to torment (i) bàh to endeavour (i) bal1see whirl (?) bal2see be strong (implied by Whitney's text p. 106) bal to breathe (x) bal to breath; to hoard grain (i) balh to be pre-eminent (i) balh to speak, to shine (x) baüh to grow, to increase (i) baõ to sound (i) bandh bind see bandh to bind, to attract, to catch, to imprison, to wear, to form, to compose, to fix on, to bear fruit; deri. baddha, banddhum, baddhvà (ix) barh to be pre-eminent; to speak: to kill; to give (i) barh to kill, to speak, to shine (x) barv to go (i) bas to stop (iv) bast to injure, to ask, to go (x) beh to endeavour (i) bhà see shine bhaj see divide, share bhaj to worship; to honour, to divide; to be attached to, to serve; deri. bhakta, bhàjya or bhàgya (i) bhaj to speak, to shine (x) bhaj to give, to cook (x) bhaj to break, to split, to interrupt, to frustrate, to disappoint; deri. bhagna, bhaïktum, bhaïktvà or bhaktvà (vii) bhàj to divide, to distribute (x) bhakù partake of, eat see bhakù to eat (i) bhakù to eat, to devour (x) bhal see perceive bhal to see, to behold (x) bhal, to speak, to kill, to give (i) bhall bhàm be angry see bhàm to be angry (x) bhàm to be angry (i) bhan speak see bhaõ speak see bhaõ to speak, to call (i) bhand be bright see bhand to be prosperous or glad (i) bhaõó to be fortunate, to be happy, to cheat(x) bhaõó to speak, to jest, to chide (i) bhaïh make firm see bha¤j break see bharts revile see bharts to menace, to reprove, to beride (x) bharv devour see bharv to kill (i) bhas devour see bhaù bark see bhas to censure, to blame, o shine (iii) bhaù to bark, to revile (i) bhàs shine see bhàù speak see bhàs to shine, to appear, to become evident (i) bhàù to speak, to say; to call, to describe (i) bhañ hire see bhañ to speak, to call (i) bhañ to hire, to nourish (i) bheù to fear, to go (i) bhã, fear bhãù see bhã to fear, to be afraid of, to be anxious about; deri. bhãta, bhetum (iii) bhid see split bhid to break, to cut asunder, to transgress, to divide, to open, to cause to expand, to change, to perplex, to distinguish, to disturb, to betray, to set at variance; deri. bhinna or bhittam (a fragment), bhettum, bhittvà (vii) bhikù beg see bhikù to ask; to beg for without obtaining, to be weary or distressed, to obtain (i) bhind to split, to divide (i) bhiùaj heal see bhãù see bhã, bhãù (fear) bhlakù to eat (i) bhlà÷ to shine, to glitter (i) bhleù to shine, to glitter (i) bhç see bear bhç to bear, to support, to nourish, to protect, to produce, to bestow, to hire (iii) bhç to support, to bear, to have, to fill; deri. bhçta, bhàrya, bhartum, bhçtvà (i) bhé to blame, to censure, to nourish, to maintain; deri. bhårõa, bhårtvà (ix) bhràj shine see bhrakù to eat (i) bhram wander see bhram to be unsteady, to wander, to totter(iv) bhram to roam about; deri. bhrànta, bhràmitvà (i) to fall, to drop down; deri. bhraùña (i) bhraü÷, bhraüs to fall down, to decrease, to escape; deri. bhra÷yat, bhraùña, bhraü÷ bhraü÷itvà or bhraùñvà, bhraü÷itum (iv) bhraõ to speak (i) bhraï÷, fall bhra÷ see bhra÷ see bhraï÷, bhra÷ (fall) bhra÷ to fall, to drop down (i) bhrasj to fry, to roast, to parch; deri. bhçùña, bhraùñum or bharùñum (vi) bhrà÷ to shine, to glitter (i) bhrej to shine, to glitter(i) bhreù totter see bhreù to fear, to go (i) bhrã see consume bhrã to fear, to support (ix) bhçj to parch, to fry (i) bhçjj, roast bhuraj see bhçü÷ to speak, to shine (x) bhç÷ to fall down; deri. bhçùña, bhra÷itvà or bhçùñvà, bhar÷itum (iv) bhruó to cover, to collect, to plunge (vi) bhråõ to hope, to fear (x) bhå see be bhå to obtain, to attend; bhàvayate (x) bhå to be; deri. bhåta, bhàvya, bhavya (i) bhå to be purified, to consider, to mix; bhàvayati (x) bhuj1see bend bhuj2see enjoy bhuj to bend, to curve, to be crooked (vi) bhuj to protect, to govern, to rule; deri. bhukta, bhojya or bhogya, bhoktum, bhuktvà (vii) bhåüù to adorn (x) bhur see quiver bhuraj see bhçjj, bhuraj (roast) bhåù attend upon, adorn see bhåù to adorn, to decorate (i) bhyas fear see bhyas to fear (i) bil to break (vi) bil to break, to split, to divide (x) bind to split, to cleave, to divide (i) bis to throw, to instigate, to go, to split, to grow (iv) biñ to swear, to curse, to shout (i) blã see vlã, blã (crush) bçh1see make big or strong bçh2 see vçh, bçh2 (tear) bçh to work, to labour; barhitasmi, baróhàsmi; deri. bçóha, barhitum or baróhum, barhitvà or bçóhvà (vi) bçüh to increase, to sound (i) bçõh see vçõh, bçõh (roar) bçnn to grow, to increase (i) brå see say brå to speak; to say; to tell; deri. ukta, uktvà, vaktum (ii) brås to kill, to hurt (x) buó to discharge, to cover (vi) budh know, wake see budh to know; to understand; to think (i) budh to make known; to inform; to teach (i) budh to know, to understand, to awake, to be restored to one's senses; deri. buddha, boddhum, buddhvà, prabudhya (iv) bukk to bark, to speak (x) bukk to bark; to sound; to yelp; to speak (i) bul see submerge bund to perceive; to apprehend; deri. budga, butvà (i) bus to discharge, to emit (iv) bust to respect, to disrespect (x) byus to divide (iv) cac to go; to shake; to leap (i) cah to be wicked, to be proud, to cheat (x) cah to be wicked; to be proud; to cheat (i) cak see quake cak to be satisfied, to repel; to resist, to shine (i) cak to be satisfied (i) cakàs shine see cakàs to shine, to be bright or prosperous (ii) cakk to suffer, to give pain (x) cakù see see cakù to speak, to tell, to see; deri. khyàta or k÷àta (ii) cal see stir cal to foster, to cherish (x) cal to play; to amuse oneself (vi) cam see sip cam (a Vedic root) to eat; camnoti (v) cam to eat; to drink (i) camb to go (i) camp to go (i) camp to go (x) can see be pleased can to believe, to kill (x) can to kill (i) caõ to go, to sound (i) ca¤c see dance cand see ÷cand, cand (shine) cand to be glad; to shine (i) caõó to be angry (x) caõó to be angry (i) caïk to reel; to roll (i) cap to console; to sooth (i) cap to grind (x) car see move car to doubt (with vi, asaü÷aye to think) (x) car to go; to walk, to graze; to eat; deri. carya, ceràõàcàrya an instructor (i) carb to go (i) carc see repeat carc to discuss, to condemn; to censure (i) carc to peruse, to study (x) carv see chew carv to eat, to chew (x) carv to chew, to eat; to browse; to chop; to bite (i) caù to eat (i) cat see hide cañ see go (?) cat, to beg, to request (i) cad cañ to break, to rain, to cover (i) cañ to kill, to injure; to break (x) cay to go (i) cày see note, observe cày to worship, to discern (i) cel to shake; to go (i) ceùñ stir see ceùñ to act (i) chà see cut up chad1se cover e chad2 see chand, chad2 (seem, please) chad to conceal, to cover (x) chad to close, to conceal, to cover (x) cham to eat, to consume (i) chand, seem, please chad2se e chand to cover, to please, to persuade (x) chand to cover (i) chard to vomit (x) chaù to hurt; to injure, to kill (i) chañ to cover; to veil; to hide (i) ched to divide, to cut (x) chid see cut off chid to cut, to interrupt, to destroy; deri. chinna, chettum, chittvà (vii) chidr to perforate, to bore (x) chãk to endure (i) chill to become loose; to act wantonly; to sport (i) chinh to mark (x) cho to cut, to mow; deri. chàta or chita, chàtum, chitvà (iv) chçd spew, eject see chçd to shine, to play; deri. chçnna, charditum, charditvà or chçttvà (vii) chçd to kindle (x) chçd to kindle (i) chçp to kindle, to beg (x) chçù to beg or request (i) chuó see chuñ, chuó (wrench) chuó to cover (vi) chup to touch (vi) chur see scatter chur to cut; to engrave; to envelop (vi) chuñ, wrench chuó see chuñ to cut (vi) ci1see gather ci2see note, observe ci to collect (x) ci to collect, to cover; deri. cita, cettum, citvà (v) cãb to take, to wear, to cover (i) cãbh to coax, to boast (i) cikk to give pain (x) cãk to suffer (x) cil to dress (vi) cint see think cint to remember (i) cint to contemplate, to think, to discuss (x) ciri, jiri (Vedic roots) to kill (v) cit, kit perceive, know, appear see cit to perceive; to think; to recover consciousness (i) cit to think, to perceive, to see, to regain consciousness (x) ciñ to send out (x) ciñ to send out (i) citr to paint, to make variegated, to see or regard anything as wonderful (x) cãv to speak, to shine (x) cçp to excite, to light (x) cçp to excite; to light (i) cçt see bind cçt to kill; to hurt; to connect together; deri. cçuta, cartitum, cartitvà (vi) cucya to bathe, to churn, to press (i) cud see impel cud to drive, to put forward, to press, to push on (x) cud to become small (x) cuó to conceal (vi) cuóó to sport, to hint one's meaning (i) cukk to suffer pain (x) cul to raise, to elevate (x) cull to sport, to make amorous gestures (i) culump suck in see to swing, to rock; to agitate (i) culump cumb kiss see cumb to kiss (i) cumb to kill (x) cuõó to become small, to cut off (i) cuõñ to cut off (i) cup see stir cup to move slowly (i) cur see steal cur to steal, to assume (x) cår to burn (iv) cårõ to pulverize, to crush, to drive, to contract (x) cåù see draw, suck cåù to drink (i) cuñ to cut (vi) cuñ, to cut (x) cuõñ, cuõó cyu see move, stir cyu to go; to drop down; to fall, to swerve (i) cyu to endure, to laugh (x) cyus to endure, to laugh (x) cyut see drip cyut to flow; to trickle (i) dà1, dad give see dà2see divide, share dà3, di bind see dà4see clear dà to give (iii) dà to cut(ii) dà to give; deri. datta, deya, yacchat, dadivas (i) dabh, harm dambh see dad see dà1, dad (give) dad to give; to offer; to present (i) dadh see dhà1, dadh (put) dadh to hold: to possess (i) dagh reach to see dagh to destroy, to protect (v) dah see burn dah to reduce to ashed; to burn; to scorch; to torment; deri. dagdha (i) dai to purify; to cleanse, to be purified (i) dakù be able see dakù to increase, to do or act quickly (i) dakù to go; to kill (i) dal see burst dal to break; to split; to expand, to open (i) dal to cut, to tear (x) dam see control dam to be quiet, to restrain, to tame, to subdue; deri. damita, dànta, damitvà, dàntvà, damitum, damathuh (iv) dambh see dabh, dambh (harm) dambh to send, to propel (x) dambh to deceive, to injure; deri. dabdha, dambhitum, dabdhvà or dambhitvà (v) daüs to speak (x) daü÷ to bite; to sting; deri. daùña (i) daü÷ to see, to bite(x) daü÷ to speak (x) daü÷ to bite, to sting (x) dan see straighten (?) daõó to punish, to fine, to be subdued (x) daïs see be wondrous daï÷, bite da÷ see dàn to cut off, to straighten; deri. dãdàüsita (i) to be poor; to be distressed (ii) daridrà das, dàs waste see da÷ see daï÷, da÷ (bite) das to see, to bite; dàsayate (x) das to perish; deri. dasa, dasitvà, dastvà, dasitum (iv) dàs see das, dàs (waste) dà÷ see make offering dàs to give (i) dà÷ (a Vedic root) to kill (v) dà÷ to give; to offer an oblation (i) dàt to cut, to divide (x) day see share day to pity, to give; to go; to protect; to kill; to take (i) dày to give (i) óab to throw, to send (x) óam see sound óamb mock see óap to collect (x) de to protect; deri. datta, dayamàna, dàtum, digyàna (i) dev see dãv2 (dev) (lament) dev to play, to sport; to lament (i) dhà1, put dadh see dhà2see suck dhà to hold, to put, to maintain, to give, to grant, to bear, to assume, to have; deri. hita, dheya, hitvà; dadhàna (iii) dhakk to kill, to destroy (x) dhàkh to be dry, to be able (i) dham, blow dhmà see dhaüs to fall down; to perish; to go (i) dhan run see dhan (a Vedic root) to bear fruit, to produce crops of grain; dadhàna, dhanitàsmi; dhanyàsam (iii) dhaõ, to sound (i) dhan dhanv run see dhanv to go (i) dhav flow see dhàv1se run e dhàv2se rinse e dhàv to run; to flow, to cleanse, to wash; deri. dhautvà (i) dhe to suck, to drink, to draw; deri. dhãta, dhàtum, saüdhàya (i) dhek to see (x) dhi, nourish dhinv see dhã, think dãdhã see dhi to hold; to possess (vi) dhã to support, to hold, to despise; deri. dhãna, dhetum, dhãtvà (iv) dhikù to kindle, to be harassed or weary, to live (i) dhinv see dhi, dhinv (nourish) dhinv to please, to delight (i) dhiù (a Vedic root) to sound; didheùa (iii) dhmà see dham, dhmà (blow) dhmà to blow; to breathe out, to produce sound by blowing, to blow a fire, to manufacture by blowing; deri. àdhmàya, dhamat, dadhmivas, dhmàsyat (i) dhor to go quickly, to run, to trot; to be skilful (i) dhç see hold dhç to hold, to owe; dhàrayati (x) dhç to hold, to support, to possess, to keep, to seize, to place (i) dhç to be; to exist; dhriyate, dadhre, dhartàhe, dhariùyate, adhçta (vi) dhé to grow old (ix) dhràó to divide; to split (i) to be able or competent (i) dhràdh dhrai to be pleased (i) dhraj, sweep dhràj see dhraj to go (i) dhràj see dhraj, dhràj (sweep) to desire; to caw; to crow (i) dhràükù dhraõ to sound as a drum or other instrument (i) dhraõj to go (i) dhras to glean (i) dhras to glean (x) dhras to glean; deri. dhrasta; dhrasitvà or dhrastvà; dhrasitum (ix) dhrek to sound; to be filled with joy (i) dhrij to go (i) dhçj, to go (i) thçj dhçù dare see dhçù to come together, to hurt or injure, to offend (i) dhçù to offend, to overcome (x) dhçù to be bold, confident, impudent or impatient; to challenge; deri. dharùita or dhçùña, dharùitum-dharùitvà (v) dhru see dhvç, dhur, dhru (injure) dhru to be firm (i) dhru to go; to be fixed; dhruvati (vi) dhruv to go; to stand firm (vi) dhu see dhå, dhu (shake) dhå, dhu shake see dhu to shake; to tremble (v) dhå to shake, to excite; deri. dhåta, dhotum; dhavitum; dhåtvà (v) dhå to shake; to cause to tremble; dhuvati, dudhàva (vi) dhå to shake; to tremble (ix) dhå to shake, to agitate; dhånayati (x) dhå to shake, to excite (i) dhukù kindle see dhukù to kindle; to be harassed or weary, to live (i) dhåp to heat, to fumigate, to perfume, to be heated (i) dhåp to speak, to shine (x) dhur see dhvç, dhur, dhru (injure) dhurv to injure, hurt or kill; deri. dhårta (i) dhår to kill, to go (iv) dhårv injure see dhå÷, to make splendid (x) dhåù, dhås dhvaj to go (i) dhvaj to go (i) to desire; to caw; to crow (i) dhvàükù dhvan sound see dhvan to sound (x) dhvan to sound (i) dhvaõ to sound (i) dhvaïs, scatter dhvas see dhvas see dhvaïs, dhvas (scatter) dhvç, injure dhur, dhru see dhvç to bend; to kill (i) dhyà think see dhyai to think of, to meditate, to recollect; deri. dhyàt (i) óhauk to go, to approach; deri. upaóhaukya, óuóhaukàna (i) óhàuk approach see dã1see fly dã2, shine dãdã see di see dà3, di (bind) dã to perish, to decay; deri. dãna, dàtavya; dàtum; dãtvà; pradàya, didãyàna (iv) didhã to shine; to appear (ii) dãdhã see dhã, dãdhã (think) dãdã see dã2, dãdã (shine) dih see smear dikù to increase; to anoint; smear; to soil; deri. digdha; dhekùyat (ii) dãkù be consecrated see dãkù to be shaved; to perform a sacrifice, to invest with a sacred thread; to practise self-restraint; to teach religious observances; to prepare oneself for the performance of a sacred rite; to dedicate oneself to (i) dinv to be glad or pleased, to gladden, to please (i) dãp see shine dãp to shine, to burn, to be illustrious; deri. dãpta, dãpitvà; dãpitum (iv) di÷ see point di÷ to give; to order; to tell; to show; to grant; deri. diùña, diùñvà, deùñum (vi) div see dãv1, div (play) div to play with dice or gamble, to desire; to overcome, to traffic, to shine, to praise, to be glad, to be mad or drunk, to be sleepy, to wish for, to go; deri dyåna or dyåta; devitum; devitvà or dyåtvà; dãvyat; deviùyat; didivas (iv) div to cause to lament (x) div to lament; deri. devitvà or dyåtvà (i) div to rub (x) dãv1, div play see dãv2 lament (dev) see óã see fly óã to fly; to pass through the air; deri. óayita (i) óã to fly; deri. óãna, óãyamàna (iv) óip to collect, to heap together (x) óip to throw, to send (x) óip to throw (iv) do to cut, to mow (iv) dç1see pierce, split dç2see heed dç to honour; to care for; (mostly with à); deri. àdçta, àdartum, àdçtya (vi) dç (a Vedic root) to kill (v) dé to tear, to split open; to fear (ix) dé to fear; deri. darkùrõa (i) drà1see run drà2see sleep drà to run, to fly, to be spoiled, to sleep; deri. dràõa, nidràya (ii) dràó see split dràó to cut, to split (i) dràgh to be able; to stretch; to exert oneself; to be weary; to vex; to wander about (i) dràh to wake (i) drai to sleep; deri. dràõa, nidràya (i) dràkh to become dry; to be able; to prevent; to adorn (i) dram run see dram to go; to run (i) dràükù to desire, to utter a discordant sound (i) drav see door ('perhaps') dçbh bunch see dçbh to tie; to string (i) dçbh to fear (x) dçbh to string, to connect (x) dçbh to string; to connect (mostly with saü); deri. dçbdha, darbhitum, darbhitvà (vi) drek to sound; to show joy; to be exhilarated (i) dçh, make firm dçïh see dçh, to increase; to prosper; to fasten; to be firm (i) dçüh dçüph to give pain (vi) dçïh see dçh, dçïh (make firm) or drohitavya, drogdhum or droóhum or drohitum (iv) droóhav ya dçp see rave dçp to give pain (vi) dçp to be glad; to be proud; deri. dçpta; darpitvà or dçptvà; darpitum or darptum or draptum (iv) dçp to light; to kindle; to inflame (i) dçp to light, to kindle (x) dçph to give pain (vi) dç÷ see see dç÷ to see; to behold; to visit; to learn; to investigate (i) dru see run drå see hurl (?) dru to kill; druõàti (ix) dru to go, to flow, to run; to retreat, to melt; to attack, to rush (i) druh see be hostile druh to bear hatred, to seek to hurt; deri. dugdha or dråóa, drogdhavya or (iv) druõ to go; to kill; to make crooked (vi) du, då burn ('another root seems inferrable') see då see du, då (burn ('another root seems inferrable')) du to go; deri. dåna, dåtvà, dotum (i) du to give pain, to burn, to be distressed; deri. duta, dotum, dutvà (v) dudh stir up see duh see milk, derive duh to injure, hurt or kill (i) duh to milk; to extract; to yield; deri. dugdha, duhya or dohya (ii) duhkh to give pain (x) dul see raise dul to shake to and fro (x) durv to kill; deri. dårta (i) duù see spoil duù to be soiled, to be impure, to sin; deri. duùña; doùtum; duùñvà (iv) dviù see hate dviù to hate; to dislike (ii) dvç to cover, to appropriate (i) óval see mix dyai to despise; to disfigure (i) dyu see attack dyu to assail, to advance towards; deri. dyuta, dyavya (ii) dyut see shine dyut to shine; to be bright (i) edh see thrive edh to grow: to increase, to prosper, to extend, to swell, to rise (i) ej, ãj stir see ej to shine; deri. ejamàna (i) ej to tremble or shake (i) eù see ãù, eù (move) eù to go (i) eñ to annoy; to oppose (i) gà1see go gà2see sing ga to sing, to relate; deri. gãta (i) gà (a Vedic root) to praise, to be born; jagau, gàsyati (iii) gà to go (i) gach see gam, gach (go) gad see say gad to thunder (x) gad to speak, to say (i) gaó to distil (i) gadh attach (?) see gàdh to set out for, to dive, to seek, to compile, to string together, to stay (i) gah to be thick, to enter deeply into (x) gàh see plunge gàh to dive, to bathe; to penetrate, to agitate or churn, to be absorbed in; to hide onself in; to destroy; deri. gàóha, gàhitavya (i) gaj to sound (x) gaj to sound or roar; to be drunk or confused (i) gaj to sound (i) gal see drop gal to flow, to dissolve (x) gal to eat; to drip (i) galbh dare see galbh to be bold or confident (i) galh to blame, to censure (i) gam, go gach see gam to go; deri. gata, àgamya, jagmivas (i) gaõ to count (x) gand to affect the cheek (i) to injure, to ask; gandhayate (x) gandhr gaõó to affect the cheek (i) garb to go (i) gard see exult (?) gard to sound (x) gard- to play (i) grd gardh to desire (x) garh see chide garh to blame; to censure (i) garh to censure, to blame (x) garj see roar garj to roar (x) garj, to roar; to growl; to thunder (i) gard garv to be proud (i) garv to be proud (x) gaveù to seek, to hunt after (x) gep to shake (i) geù to search; to investigate (i) gev to seve (i) ghagh to laugh (i) ghaõñ to speak; to shine (i) ghaõñ to speak, to shine (x) ghar see ghç, ghar (drip (ghç be hot 'probably identical')) gharb to go (i) ghas eat see ghas to eat; to devour (i) ghañ strive see ghañ to move, to collect, to speak (x) ghañ to act; to be intently occupied with; to happen; to be united with; to come to, to reach (i) ghaññ rub, etc. see ghaññ to shake (i) ghaññ to shake, to stir (x) ghiõõ to take (i) ghç, drip (ghç be hot 'probably identical') ghar see ghç to sprinkle (i) ghç to sprinkle, to cover (x) ghç (a Vedic root) to sprinkle, to shine; jigharti; ghriyàsam (iii) ghrà see smell ghrà to smell (i) ghçõ to shine, to burn (viii) ghçõõ to take (i) ghçù rub see ghçù to grind, to pound, to strike, to rub, to brush, to polish (i) ghu to sound (i) ghuüù to diffuse lustre (i) ghuõ to roll (vi) ghuõ to stagger; to reel (i) ghuõõ to take (i) ghur to frighten; to sound (vi) ghår to kill, to become old (iv) ghårõ waver see ghårõ to roll; to whirl (vi) ghårõ to whirl; to roll; to reel (i) ghuù sound see ghuù to proclaim, to announce (x) ghuù to be beautiful or brilliant (i) ghuù to sound, to proclaim (i) ghuñ turn (?) see ghuñ, to strike against (vi) ghuó ghuñ to return; to exchange (i) gil see gç2, gir, gil (swallow) gir see gç2, gir, gil (swallow) glà see be weary glah see gamble glai to despond, to wane; to be fatigued (i) glep to be poor or miserable; to shake (i) gleù to seek (i) glev to serve or worship (i) gluc to go (i) gluh to take (i) gom to smear, to anoint (x) goùñ to assemble; to collect; to heap together (i) gç1see sing gç2, gir, swallow gil see gç3, jàgç wake see gç to sprinkle, to wet (i) gç to know; gàrayate (x) gç to sound; to speak; to praise (ix) gé to swallow; deri. gãrõa, gãrtvà, gari(rã)tum, gali(lã)tum (vi) grabh, seize grah see grah see grabh, grah (seize) grah to take; to captivate; to buy; to understand; deri. gçhãta, grahãtum, gçhãtvà (ix) gràm to invite, to conceal (x) granth see grath, granth (tie) granth to put together; to compose; to arrange, to fasten; deri. grathita, granthitum, grathitvà or granthitvà (ix) granth to bind, to arrange (x) granth to be crooked or wicked, to bend (i) granth to bind, to arrange in a regular order (i) gras see devour gras, to eat; to devour, to swallow; to consume; to seize; to eclipse; to destroy; deri. glas grasta, jagrasàna (i) gras to take, to devour (x) grath, tie granth see gçdh be greedy see gçdh to covet, to long for; deri. gardhitum (iv) gçh to take, to seize (x) gçh to take; to seize (i) gçj, to sound, to roar, to grumble (i) gçj gruc, to steal; deri. grukta (i) gluc gu see sound gu to void or discharge excrement; deri. gåna (vi) gu to speak inarticulately; deri. guta, gotum, gavamàna, juguvàna (i) gud to play (i) guó to protect (vi) gudh to be angry (ix) gudh to cover (iv) gudh to play (i) guh see hide guh to cover; to hide (i) guj to sound (vi) guj to hum or buzz (i) guj to hum or buzz, to sound inarticulately (i) gulph bunch see gumph see guph, gumph (twine) guõ to invite, to advise, to multiply (x) gund to tell a lie (x) guõó to envelope, to protect, to pound (i) guõó to enclose, to protect, to pound (x) gu¤j see hum guõñh cover up see guõñh to enclose, to envelop (x) guõñh to enclose; to envelope (i) gup see protect gup to censure; to despise, to hide (i) gup to be confused or disturbed; deri. gupita, gupitvà or gopitvà (iv) gup to speak, to conceal, to shine (x) gup to protect, to conceal (i) guph, twine gumph see guph, to string together (vi) gumph gur see greet gur to kill, to go; deri. gårõa, gåritum (iv) gur to make an effort; deri. gårõa (vi) gurd to dwell (x) gurv to endeavour, to elevate (i) går to make an effort (x) gård see exult (?) gård to praise (x) gårdh exalt (?) see hà1see leave hà2see go forth hà to go, to attain; deri. hàna, heya, hàtum, hivà (iii) hà to abandon, to leave, to desert, to omit, to neglect; deri. hãna, hàtum, hitvà (iii) hà to go, to aggain; deri. hàna, heya, hàtvà (iii) had see cacare had to void or discharge excrement; deri. hanna, hattvà, haktum (i) hàd to sound, to row (i) hag to cover, to conceal (i) hal to plough, to make furrows, to go (i) hal, hil to express amorous inclinations (vi) hal to shake, to go (i) hamm, to go, to move (i) hay han see smite han to kill, to go; deri. hata, hantavya, ghàtya or vadhya, ghat, ghnànam, haniùyat, jaghanvas (ii) har see be gratified hary to go, to shine (i) has see laugh has to sound, to become small (i) has to laugh, to smile, to joke, to open, to resemble, to ridicule (i) hàs see go emulously hañ to shine (i) hañh to leap, to be wicked, to treat with violence (i) heó to surround, to clothe (i) heó to disrgard (i) hel see hãó, hel (be hostile) heù see whinney heù to bray; to roar, (in general) to neigh (as a horse) (i) heñ, to be wicked, to vex (i) heñh heñh to be wicked, to vex, to hinder (ix) hi see impel hi to go; to grow (v) hãch to be ashamed or modest, to blush (i) hió to go, to wander, to disregard (i) hãó, hel be hostile see hikk see sob hikk to make any indistinct sound (i) hikk to injure, to kill (x) hiüs to kill (i) hiüs to kill (vii) hiõó see be empty hiïs see injure hinv to please, to satisfy (i) hiùk, to injure, to kill (x) hiüs hiñ to curse, to swear, to shout (i) hiñha, to be born again, to come forth (ix) heñ hlàd see refresh hlàd to sound, to be glad; deri. hlanna (i) hlag to cover, to conceal (i) hlas to sound (i) hnu see hide hnu to conceal, to take away, to deny (ii) hoó to disregard (i) hoó to go, to move (i) hç1see take hç2see be angry hç (a Vedic root) to take forcibly (iii) hç to carry, to bring, to take, to steal, to acquire, to captivate, to charm; deri. hçta, hartavya, hàrya, hartum, hçtvà (i) hràd see make a noise hras see shorten hreù see neigh hreù to neigh (as a horse), to go, to creep (i) hrã see be ashamed hçù see be excited hçù to tell a lie; deri. hçùña, harùitum (i) hçù to rejoice, to exult, to stand erect as hair; deri. hçùña or hçùita, harùitum, harùitvà (iv) hru see hvç, hru, hur (be or make crooked) hu see sacrifice hå, hvà call see hu to sacrifice, to eat, to please; deri. huta, hutvà, hotum (iii) huó to go (i) huó to collect (vi) håó to go (i) hul to go (i) huõó to collect, to select, to take away (i) hur see hvç, hru, hur (be or make crooked) hurch to be crooked, to deceive (i) hårc see fall away hvà see hå, hvà (call) hval see go wrong hval to move, to shake, to be confused, to be afflicted (i) hve to vie with, to challenge, to call, to ask, to invoke; der. håta, hveya, hvàtum, àhåya (i) hvç, hru, be or make crooked hur see hvç to be crooked, to deceive (i) i1, ã, ay go see i2, inv, in send see ã see i1, ã, ay (go) i to go; deri. ita, etum, itvà, upetya, yat, eùyat, ãyivaas (ii) i with adhi to think of, to remember; deri. adhãta, adhyetum (ii) i with adhi to study (ii) i to go; deri. ita, etum, itvà, uditya, ayat, iùyat, ãyiùas (i) ã to go; deri. ãta, etum, ãtvà (iv) ã to go; deri. ãta (i) ã to go, to pervade, to conceive, to desire, to throw, to eat; deri. ãta, etum, ayat, ayàcakçvas (ii) ich see iù1, ich (seek, desire) ió see (not defined) idh, indh kindle see ãó see praise ãó to praise (x) ãó to praise (ii) ig see stir ãh see be eager ãj see ej, ãj (stir) ãj to go; to censure, to blame (i) ikh to go, to move; deri. ikhita, ekhitum, ekhitvà, ãkhivas (i) ãkh see swing ãkh, to go (i) ãïkh ãkù see see ãkù to see (i) il see be quiet il to sleep, to throw (vi) il to send, to cast (x) in see i2, inv, in (send) indh see idh, indh (kindle) indh to shine, to kindle; indhe, endham, indhàm, indhãya (vii) iïg to go, to move (i) iïkh to go, to move (i) iõñ to have superhuman faculties, to be powerful (i) inv see i2, inv, in (send) inv to pervade; to please; to be satisfied (i) ãn to endeavour, to obtain, to aim at, to wish (i) ãr see set in motion ãr to go (i) ãr to go, to shake (ii) ãr to throw, to pronounce (x) ãrùy see be jealous ãrùy, to envy (i) ãkùy iù1, ich seek, desire see iù2see send iù to repeat (ix) iù to go (iv) iù to wish; deri. iùña, eùitum or eùtum, icchat, ãùivas (vi) ãù, eù move see ã÷ see be master ãù to escape, to kill, to see (i) ãù to glean (i) ã÷ to rule, to command, to possess powder (ii) iñ see wander (?) iñ to go (i) jà see jan, jà (give birth, be born) jà to know; to ascertain; to recognize; to consider; deri. jàta, jeya, jàtum, jàtvà (ix) jà (generally with à) to command, to direct; àjàpayati (x) jabh see jambh, jabh (chew up, crush) jabh to yawn, to gape; deri. jabdha, jambhitum, jajabhàna (i) jaó to heap (i) jagh see eat, devour jàgç see gç3, jàgç (wake) jàgç to be awake or watchful (ii) jai to decay (i) jaj to fight (i) jaj to fight (i) jajh see ('doubtful character and meaning') jakù1see eat jakù2see laugh jakù to eat, to consume, to laugh (ii) jal to cover (x) jal to strike, to be rich, to hide; to encircle, to be sharp; to be cold, stiff, dull, or dumb (i) jalp see murmur, speak jalp to speak, to prattle, to babble, to murmur, to chatter, to praise (i) jam to eat; deri. jànta, jàntvà, jamitvà (i) jambh, chew up, crush jabh see jambh to destroy (x) jamm to destroy (i) jaüs to protect, to release (i) jaüs to protect, to release (x) jan, jà give birth, be born see jan (a Vedic root) to be born; jajanti, jaati, janyàsam (iii) jan to be born, to grow, to become; deri. jàta, janitum, janitvà (iv) ja¤h see ('doubtful character and meaning') jap see whisper jap to know, to cause to know, to see, to please (x) jap to mutter, to mediate (i) jarc, to speak, to blame (i) jarch jarj to say; to blame; to kill; to reprove (vi) jas see be exhausted jas to injure, to strike (i) jas to set free; deri. jasta, jasitvà or jastvà, jasitum (iv) jas to hurt, to strike (x) jaù to kill (i) jañ to become matted (as hair) (i) jeh see loll, pant jeh to try, to go (i) jeù to go (i) jham to eat; to consume (i) jhaõ see sound jhar see fall jharjh to speak; to blame; to menace (vi) jharjh to speak; to hurt, injure or kill; to menace (i) jhaù to hurt, injure or kill (i) jhaù to take, to put on or wear (i) jhañ see confuse jhañ to become matted together (as hair), to become confused or entangled (i) jhé to become old; to decay (ix) jhé to grow old (iv) ji1see conquer ji2, jinv quicken see jã see jyà, jã (overpower, injure) ji to conquer; to overcome; to surpass, to win, to restrain (i) jim to eat (i) jinv see ji2, jinv (quicken) jinv to please; to be lively, active, busy; to excise; to animate, to promote, confer (i) jinv to speak (x) jiù to sprinkle (i) jãv see live jãv to live, to revive, to live upon (i) j¤à see know jç1, jur waste away see jç2see sing jé to grow old, to decay; jàrayati (x) jé to grow old, to waste away; to decay (ix) jé to grow old, to waste away; to decay; deri. jãrõa, jarat (i) jé to grow old, to decay, to perish, to be digested; deri. jãrõa, jari(rã)tavya, jàrya, jarya, jari(rã)tum, anurjãrya, jãryat, jijãrvas (iv) jri see go jri to conquer; to defeat, to grow old (i) jri to grow old, to decay; jràyayati (x) jçmbh gape see jå see be swift ju to go, to be quick (i) juó to send, to direct (x) juó, to go (vi) jun jug to abandon; to exclude (i) jumbh to gape; to yawn; to expand; to open; to spread; to increase, appear, to rise (i) jur see jç1, jur (waste away) jår to kill, to grow old, to be angry (iv) jårv see consume juù see enjoy juù to please; to like; to take delight in; to suffer; to enter; deri. juùña, joùitum (vi) juù to reason; to investigate; to be satisfied; to hurt (i) juù to think, to examine, to be satisfied (x) jut to shine (i) jval see burn, flame jval to blaze; to glow; to shine; deri. prajvalya (i) jvar see be hot jvar to be hot with fever or passion; to be ill; deri. jårõa (i) jyà, jã overpower, injure see jyà to become old, to decay; deri. jãna, jyàtum, jãtvà (ix) jyu to go (i) jyut see shine kà see kan, kà (be pleased, enjoy) kab to colour (i) kac to bind (i) kac to shine; to bind (i) kac to cry (i) kàc to shine; to bind (i) kad see destroy kad to be confounded, to grieve (i) kaó to be confused; to be proud (i) kaóó to be harsh or rough (i) kag to perform or do anything or act (i) kai to sound; deri. kàta, kàyat, cakivas (i) kak to wish; to be proud; to be unsteady; to be thirsty (i) kakh to deride or laugh at (i) kakh to deride(i) kàkù see desire kal see drive, produce, etc. kal to sound; to count (i) kal to go, to count, to hold, to know, to regard (x) kal to throw (x) kall to sound indistinctly (i) kàl to count the time (x) kam see love kam to love, to long for; to have intercourse with; to value highly; deri. kànta, kàmya (i) kamb to go (i) kamp tremble see kamp to shake or tremble (i) kaüs to go, to destroy (ii) kan, kà be pleased, enjoy see kan to shine; to love; to wish; to go; Vedic (to be contented) (i) kaõ to go or approach (i) kaõ to cry or bewail (i) kaõ to wink (x) kand to be confounded; to grieve (i) kand to call; to shed tears (i) kaõó to be proud; to unhusk (i) kaõó to be proud (i) kaõó to separate the chaff from the grain, to protect (x) kaïk to go (i) kaõñh to grive for, to miss (i) kaõñh to be anxious, to remember with regret (x) kàïkù to desire or long for (i) karb to go or approach (i) kard to rumble; to caw (i) karj to pain (i) karõ to bore (with à to hear) (x) kart to slacken (x) karv to be proud, to boast (i) kas see open kaù see scratch kas to go (i) kaù to kill or injure; to try on a touchstone; to rub (i) ka÷, to go, to punish (ii) kas ka÷ to sound (i) kàs see cough kà÷ see appear, make a show kàs to cough (i) kà÷ to shine (iv) kà÷ to shine (i) kañ to rain; to cover or to surround (i) kañ to go or approach (i) kañ to go (i) kath to tell (x) kañh to drag on the days of life, to live in distress (i) katr to slacken (x) katth boast see katth to praise; to boast; to flatter; deri. vikatthya, cakatthàna (i) kav to praise; to describe, to compose a poem (i) kel to shake; to sport (i) kep to shake or tremble (i) ket to make hear, to call, to advise (x) khà see khan, khà (dig) khab, to go (i) khamb khac show through see khac to be born again; to come forth (ix) khac to fasten, to set (x) khad be hard see khad to be firm, to kill (i) khaóh to break in pieces (x) khàd chew see khàd to eat; to devour (i) khai to strike; to be firm; deri. khàta, khàyat (i) khaj to limp (i) khaj to churn; to agitate (i) to laugh at (i) khakkh khaë to gather or collect; to move or shake (i) khall be relaxed see khan, dig khà see khan to dig up; deri. khàta, kheya (i) khaõó, to break in pieces (x) khuó, khuõó khaõó to break, to cut, to tear to pieces (i) kha¤j limp see kharb to go (i) khard to bite, to sting (i) kharj creak see kharj to pain; to worship (i) kharv to proud or haughty (i) khaù to injure, hurt or kill (i) khañ to desire (i) khaññ to cover, to screen (x) khel see stagger khel to shake; to tremble; to play (i) kheñ, to eat (x) kheó khev to serve (i) khid see tear khid to be distresed; deri. khinna, khettum, khittvà (iv) khid to strike; to afflict; to be displeased; deri. khinna (vi) khid to be displeased or distressed; khiõtte, akhindi (vii) khil to glean (vi) khiñ to fear, to frighten (i) khoñ, to limp, to be lame (i) khoó, khor, khol khoñ, to throw, to eat (x) khoó khu to sound (i) khud futuere see khuó to cover (vi) khuj to rob; to steal (i) khuõó to limp; to break into pieces (i) khur to cut (vi) khurd to play (i) khyà see see khyà to relate, to tell (ii) ki (a Vedic root) to know; ciketi (iii) kil to become white; to sport (vi) kil to send (x) kãl to bind; to fit (i) kir see kç2, kir (scatter) kiùk to kill (x) kit see cit, kit (perceive, know, appear) kit to dwell (x) kit to desire (i) kit to live; to heal or cure; to doubt; deri. cikitsita (i) kiñ to fear; to frighten; to go or approach (i) kãñ to tinge, to colour (x) klad to make defective (iv) klam be weary see klam to be fatigued; deri. klànta, klamitum; klamitvà or klàntvà (iv) klam to be fatigued; deri. klànta, caklanvas (i) kland see krand, kland (cry out) kland to call out; to cry (i) klap to whisper (x) klath turn (?) see klath to kill (x) klath to hurt or kill (i) klav see stammer kle÷ to speak inarticulately; to impede (i) klev to serve (i) klãb to behave like a eunuch; to be timorous or modest or unassuming (i) klid see be wet klid to become wet; deri. klinna; kletavyam or kleditavya (iv) klind to lament (i) kli÷ see distress kli÷ to be afflicted; to torment; deri. kli÷ita or kliùña (iv) kli÷ to torment, to distress; deri. kli÷ita or kliùña, kle÷itum or kleùñum, kli÷itvà or kliùñvà (ix) këp see be adapted klu to go (i) klup to be fit for; to be able; deri. klupta, kalpitum (i) kmar to be crooked (i) knas to be crooked in mind or body, to shine; deri. knasta, knasitvà or knastvà (iv) knath to kill (x) knath to hurt, to injure, to kill (i) knå see wet knå to sound (ix) knåy to make a creaking sound; to be wet; to sink (i) kç1 (skç) make see kç2, kir scatter see kç3see commemorate kç to do, to make; deri. kçta; kartum; kçtvà (viii) kç to kill; deri. kçta, kartum, kçtvà (v) ké to scatter; to throw (with apa to scratch the ground for food or abode); deri. kãrõa, kari(rã)tum, kari(rã)tvà (vi) ké to kill, to hurt; deri. kãrõa, kari(rã)tum, kãrtvà (ix) krad to be confounded, to grieve (i) krakù crash see kram stride see kram to walk; to step; to go, to cross; to leap; to ascend; deri. krànta, kramitum, cakraõvas (i) krand, cry out kland see krand to call out; to cry (i) krand to lament; to grieve (i) krand to cry out continually (generally with à) (x) krap to pity; to go (i) krath be jubilant see krath to injure, hurt or kill (i) kçó to become thick (vi) krã see buy krã to buy; deri. krãta, kretum, krãtvà (ix) krãó see play krãó to amuse oneself; to play; to gamble; to make a noise or creak or break (i) kçnt to surround; kçõatti (vii) kçp see lament kçp to be able(x) kçù see drag, plough kç÷ see be lean kçù to draw; to plough; deri. kçùña, karùñum, àkçùya, cakçùbas (i) kçù to draw, to plough (vi) kç÷ to make or become emaciated; deri. kçsa, prakçsita, karitum, kar÷itvà or kçz÷itvà (iv) kçt1see cut kçt2see spin kçt to cut; deri. kçtta, kartitum, kartitvà (vi) két to mention, to celebrate (x) kru see be rough or raw kruc to make crooked; to bend or curve; to lessen (i) krudh be angry see krudh to be angry; deri. kruddha, kroddhum (iv) kråó see thicken (?) kru÷ cry out see kru÷ to call out; to cry (i) kùà see burn kùad divide see kùad to cut, to protect, to eat (i) kùai to wane, to decline; to decay, to waste away; deri. kùàma, kùeya (i) kùaj to live in distress (x) kùaj to kill (i) kùaj to go, to give (i) kùal see wash kùal to wash, to cleanse; deri. kùalita, kùàlayitum, kùàlayitvà, prakùàlya (x) kùam endure see kùam to forgive; to suffer; to allow; to put up with; to resist; to be able to do anything (i) kùam to endure; to forgive (iv) kùamp to forgive or endure (i) kùamp to endure, to forgive (x) kùan wound see kùaõ to wound, to hurt, to kill; deri. kùaõa; kùaõivum; kùatvà (viii) kùap be abstinent see kùap to throw, to cast (x) kùar see flow kùar to flow; to ooze; to wane; to become useless, to melt (i) kùeó to eat (x) kùev to spit out (i) kùi1see possess kùi2, kùã destroy see kùã see kùi2, kùã (destroy) kùi to decay; to wane, to waste (i) kùi (a Vedic root) to kill (v) kùi to dwell; to go (vi) kùã to kill; deri. kùãta, kùetum, kùãtvà (ix) kùã to kill (iv) kùãb to be drunk or intoxicated (i) kùãj to speak inarticulately (i) kùiõ to kill, to hurt; deri. kùita, kùeõitum, kùiõitvà or kùitvà (viii) kùip see throw kùip to throw (vi) kùip to throw (iv) kùiñ to make an inarticulate sound (i) kùiv to eject from the mouth; to vomit; to spit out; deri. kùyåta, prakùãvya (i) kùiv to spit; deri. kùyuta, kùyåtvà, kùevitvà (iv) kùãv to be drunk or intoxicated (i) kùãv to spit out (i) kùmà tremble see kùmày to tremble; to shake (i) kùmãl to wink (i) kùõu whet see kùõu to whet (ii) kùoñ to throw, to cast (x) kùu see sneeze kùu to sneeze (ii) kùubh quake see kùubh to be agitated, to shake; deri. kùubhita or kùubdha (iv) kùubh to tremble; to agitate (ix) kùubh to be agitated; to disturb (i) kùud crush see kùud to pound, to crush; deri. kùuõõa, kùoktum, kùuttvà (vii) kùud to go (i) kùudh be hungry see kùudh to be hungry; deri. kùudhita, kùoddhum (iv) kùump to go (i) kùup be startled (?) see kùup to be intoxicated (i) kùur to scratch (vi) kùvel play see kùvel to leap, to move; to shake (i) kùvid hum see kùvió hum see kùvid to be wet (i) kùvió, to melt, to discharge; deri. kùviõõa or kùvedita, kùveditum, kùviditvà kùvid or kùveditvà (iv) kùvió to be wet or unctuous; to discharge juice, to emit sap (i) kå see design ku to sound; deri. kuta, kotum, kavamàna, cukuvàna (i) ku to moan (vi) ku to hum (ii) kå to sound; to groan (vi) kå to sound; kunàti (ix) kubh to wet (i) kuc, shrink, curl ku¤c see kuc to contract; to shrink; to be crooked (generally with saü) (vi) kuc to make crooked; to bend, or curve; to lessen (i) kuc to utter a shrill cry (as a bird); to contract; to bend; to be crooked; to impede; to write or delineate (i) kud to tell a lie (x) kuó to act as a child; to heap (vi) kuó to sink; to become thick; kuóhati (vi) kudr to tell a lie (x) kåó, kål burn see kåó to become firm; to eat (vi) kuh to surprise, to deceive (x) kuj to protect (x) kuj to steal (i) kuj to make any inarticulate sound, to hum; to coo; to warble (i) kåj see hum kuk to take; to accept; to seize (i) kul to collect; to be related or to behave as a kinsman; to proceed uninterruptedly; to reckon (i) kål see kåó, kål (burn) kumàr to play (x) kumb to cover (i) kumbh to cover (i) kump, to cover, to dress (x) kumb, kumbh kump to cover; to dress (i) kuüs to speak (x) kuüs to speak (i) kuü÷ to shine (i) kuü÷ to shine (x) kuõ to sound; to support with gifts (vi) kuõ to invite (x) ku¤c see kuc, ku¤c (shrink, curl) kuõó to burn (i) kuõó to maim or mutilate (i) ku¤j see rustle kunth to hurt; to suffer pain (i) kuõñ to be lame (i) kuõñ to cover (x) kuõñh dull see kuõñh to be mutilated or blunted; to loosen; to be dull or stupid or idle (i) kåõ see shrink kåõ to speak, to hold a consultation (x) kup see be angry kup to speak, to shine (x) kup to be angry; deri. kupitvà, kopitvà (iv) kur to sound (vi) kurd to play; deri. kårdita (i) kård see leap, exult kuù see tear kus to embrace, to surround; deri. kusitvà, kusitum or kositum (iv) kuù to draw out, to extract, to tear, to expel; kçùõàti; deri. kuùita but niùkuùita only, koùitum (niùkoùitum or niùkoùtum), kuùitvà only (ix) kusm to smile improperly (x) kut to cover (i) kuñ to cut (i) kuñ to break into pieces (iv) kuñ to be crooked, to bend (vi) kuñ to break to pieces (x) kuth see stink kuth to kill (ix) kuth to become putrid (iv) kuth, to cling to, to hurt (ix) kunth kuts to despise, to blame (x) kuññ divide, crush see kuññ to cut, to censure (x) kuññ to boil (x) to support (x) kuñumb kåñ to burn, to give pain (x) kåñ to avoid giving; to render indistinct or unintelligible (x) kvaõ sound see kvaõ to jingle; to tinkle; to hum; to warble (i) kvath boil see kvath to boil; to decoct; to digest (i) là see grasp là to take; to give; to melt; deri. làta, làsyat, lalivas (ii) labh see take labh to get, to obtain, to take, to have to find, to be able, to know; der. labdha, labhya, labdhrima (produced by gain); labhà (gain) (i) làbh to throw, to direct (x) lacch to mark (i) làch to mark; to distinguish (i) laó to play (i) laó to loll the tongue, to churn; to blame, to harass (i) lag see attach lag to taste, to obtain (x) lag to adhere to, to become united, to come in contact, to happen, to approach, to touch, to produce an effect; deri. lagna, lagita (i) làgh to be able (i) laiõ to go; to approach; to embrace; to send (i) laj to injure, to be strong, to take, to dwell, to speak, to shine, to be manifest (x) laj to fry, to roast, to blame, to traduce (i) laj to fry, to roast (i) laj to be ashamed; to be bashful; deri. lagna or lajjita; lajjitum; lajjitvà (vi) lajj see be ashamed làj, làj to blame, to fry (i) lakh to go or move (i) lakh to go, to move (i) lakù see mark lakù to see, to look at (x) lakù to observe, to mark (x) làkh to dry; to adorn, to suffice (i) lal see sport lal to desire, to seek (x) lal to play (i) lam see take pleasure lamb hang down see lamb to sound, to delay, to fall, to hang down (i) laõó to speak, to shine (x) laõó to throw up (x) laõó to speak, to shine (i) laõó to throw up (i) la¤gh leap see laïg to go, to limp (i) laïgh to dry up, to diminish, to mount upon (i) laïgh to go, to fast, to transgress (i) laïgh to speak, to shine, to transgress (x) là¤ch mark see lap see prate lap to speak, to prate, to whisper (i) larb to go, to move (i) las see be lively laù see desire las to embrace, to play, to shine (i) laù to wish, to long for (i) la÷, to exercise an art, to do anything scientifically (x) las lañ to be a child, to act or talk like a child, to cry (i) laññ to fondle, to caress (x) lay to go, to move (i) lep to go; to move (i) lhap, to speak, to sound (x) hlap lã1see cling lã2see be unsteady lã to adhere to; to melt; to be absorbed in (ix) lã to melt; deri. lãta, leya, letum, leùyat (i) lã to melt (x) lã to adhere to, to be absorbed, to be dissolved, to hide in, to rest on, to disappear; deri. lãna; letum or làtum; lãtvà; vilàya or vilãya (iv) lih see lick lih to lick; to taste; deri. lãóha, leóhavya, lehya, leóhum, lãóhvà (ii) likh see scratch likh to write, to scratch, to draw, to touch, to peck; deri. likhita, likhitvà or lekhitvà (vi) limp see lip, limp (smear) liïg to go; to move; (with à to embrace) (i) liïg to paint, to variegate (x) lip, limp smear see lip to anoint, to besmear, to cover, to spread over, to stain, to pollute; deri. lipta, leptum; liptvà (vi) li÷ see tear li÷ to decrease, to become small; leùñàhe, lekùyate, alikùata (iv) li÷ to go, to move; deri. liùña, leùñum (vi) loc see see, consider loc to see, to perceive (x) loó to be mad (i) lok see look lok to speak, to shine (x) lok, to see; to perceive (i) loc loùñ to heap up (i) lå see cut lå to cut; to pluck; to divide; to destroy; deri. låna-lavya or làvya, låtvà, lavitum (ix) lubh see be lustful lubh to covet, to long for, to allure; deri. lubdha,lobhitum or lobdhum; lubdhvà or lubhitvà or lobhitvà (iv) lubh to confound, to disturb; deri. lubhita, lobhitvà, lubdhvà (vi) luc to remove; to pluck; deri. lucitvà or lucitvà (i) luó see stir up luó to churn; to stir; to disturb (i) luj to injure; to be strong; to take; to dwell; to speak; to shine (i) luj to injure, to be strong, to take, to dwell, to speak, to shine (x) lul see be lively lul to move to and fro; to stir; to make tremulous (i) lumb to torment (i) lumb to be invisible, to torment (x) lu¤c see tear luõó to steal or rob (i) lunth to strike, to suffer pain (i) luõñ, to rob; to plunder; to be idle; to resist; to be lame (i) luõñh luõñh see luñh2, luõñh (rob) luõñh to steal, to plunder (x) lup see break lup to cut, to break. to rob, to plunder, to seize, to suppress; deri. lupta, loptum, luptvà (vi) lup to be confused, to vanish (iv) luù to injure, to hurt (x) låù to decorate (i) luñ, to resist; to oppose (i) luñh luñ to churn, to agitate, to roll, to wallow, to be connected with (iv) luñ to speak, to shine (x) luñ, to wallow, to roll about, to join (vi) luñh luñ to churn; to agitate; to be connected; to wallow; to roll (i) luñh1see roll luñh2, rob luõñh see luñh to strike, to knock down (i) mà1see measure mà2see exchange mà3see bellow mà to shine; to appear; to be (ii) mà to measure (iv) mà to measure, to weigh, to limit, to compare in size (iii) mà to measure; to limit; deri. mita, màtavya, meya, màtum, unmàya (ii) mabhr to go (i) mac to cheat, to boast, to pound (i) mac to hold, to grow high, to adore (i) mad, be exhilarated, exhilarate mand see mad to bind; to kill (i) mad to rejoice, to be poor or distressed, to be intoxicated or mad; deri. matta, maditvà, maditum (iv) mad to gratify, to please (x) mah see maïh, mah (be great, be liberal, bestow) mah to worship (x) mah to worship; to revere (i) màh to measure (i) maj to sound (i) maj to be mad, to sound (i) majj see sink makh to go (i) makù to collect (i) mal, to hold; to possess (i) mall maüh to grow old (i) maüh to speak, to shine (x) màükù to desire; to wish (i) man see think maõ see sound man to think, to suppose, to regard as, to esteem, to honour, to know; deri. mata, mantum, matvà, mànya (iv) man to be proud, to stop (x) man to know, to think; deri. mata, manitum, manitvà or matvàm (viii) maõ to sound, to murmur (i) ma¤c purify (?) see mand see mad, mand (be exhilarated, exhilarate) mand to praise; to be glad; to proud; to sleep; to shine; to move slowly (i) maõó deck see maõó to divide, to clothe; to surround (i) maõó to adorn oneself (i) maõó to adorn (x) maïgh to adorn, to decorate (i) maïgh to go, to blame, to be moving, to cheat (i) maïh, be great, be liberal, bestow mah see maïk to adorn, to decorate (i) maïkh, to go (i) maïg manth see math, manth (shake) manth to churn, to stir (i) manth to kill; to injure; to be afflicted; to suffer pain (i) manth to churn, to stir; to shake; to kill; to crush; to tear off (i) manth to churn, to shake, to destroy, to afflict (ix) mantr to consult, to advise, to ponder over (x) maõt (?) see maõñh to remember with regret; to grieve for (i) màn to worship (x) màn to investigate; to examine; deri. mãmàüsita (i) màn to stop, to be proud (x) marb to go (i) marc to sound, to take (x) marv to fill (i) màrg chase see màrg to seek, to strive after, to obtain (x) màrj to sound, to cleanse, to purify (x) mas to measure, to charge for; deri. masta, masitvà, masitum (iv) maù to kill; to sound (i) ma÷ to sound; to be angry (i) masj to sink down, to be immersed in water; to be disheartened; deri. magna, maïktum; maïktvà; majjathu (vi) mask to go (i) math, shake manth see mañh to grind, to dwell (i) mavya to bind (i) may to go (i) me to return, to exchange; deri. mita, nimàya, nimitya, apamitya, apamàya, màtum (i) med be fat (mid) see medh to know, to kill, to meet (i) mep to go (i) meth to know, to understand, to kill, to hurt (i) mev to serve, to worship (i) mi see fix mi see mã, mi (damage) mã, mi damage see mi to throw, to scatter; deri. mita, mitvà, màtum, mitrima (mayanenanivçttam) (v) mã to kill, to destroy, to hurt, to lessen; deri. mãta, màtum, mãtvà (ix) mã to go, to move (x) mã to die, to perish, to kill, to hurt; deri. mãna, metum, mitvà (iv) micch to annoy, to hurt, to obstruct (vi) mid see med (mid) (be fat) mid to be greasy, to be soft, to melt (iv) mid to love, to melt; deri. minna or medita (i) mid to understand, to kill (i) midh to understand, to kill (i) mih see mingere mih to sprinkle, to make water, to wet; deri. mãóha, meóhavya (i) mij to speak, to shine (x) mikù, mix (mi÷) see mil see combine mil to be united with, to meet, to join, to clash, to happen; deri. milita, melitum, militvà (vi) mãl see wink mãl to close the eyes, to twinkle, to fade, to disappear (i) mãm to go (i) mind to love, to melt, to become far (x) minv to love; to sprinkle (i) miù see wink mi÷ see mikù, (mi÷) (mix) miù to make noise (i) miù to sprinkle, to wet, to serve; deri. miùña (i) miù to rival, to contend with, to look on or at (vi) mi÷ to make noise; to be angry (i) mi÷ra to mix, to add, to combine (x) mith see alternate, altercate mith to understand; to hurt (i) mãv, må push see mãv to grow fat or large (i) mlà see relax mlai to be sad, to become weary, to fade, to be emaciated; deri. mlàna, mleya (i) to speak indistinctly (x) mlecch to speak indistinctly (i) mlecch mlech speak barbarously see mleñ, to be mad (i) mleó mlev to serve, to worship (i) mlit see mrit, mlit (dissolve) mluc see mruc, mluc, mlup (set) mluc to go, to move (i) mlup see mruc, mluc, mlup (set) mnà see note mnà to study, to repeat, to remember, to think; deri. mnàta, mneya (i) mokù see muc, mokù (release) mç1see die mç2, crush mçõ see mç to die; deri. mçta, martum (vi) mé to kill; to injure (ix) mrad see mçd, mrad (rub, crush) mrad to crush, to pound (i) mrakù to combine, to smear, to speak indistinctly (x) mrakù to collect, to rub (i) mçc see injure mçch perish see mçd, rub, crush mrad see mçó see be gracious mçó to make happy, to rejoise (vi) mçó to pound; to be happy; mçónàti (ix) mçdh neglect see mçdh to moisten, to kill; deri. mçddha, mardhitvà (i) mçóh to grind; to crush; to bruise; to squeeze; to press; to pound; to rule; to overcome; mçdràti, amçdràt, mçdàna (ix) mreó gratify (?) see mreñ, to be mad (i) mreó mçg to seek, to hunt (iv) mçg to seek, to examine, to investigate, to beg (x) mrit, dissolve mlit see mçj see wipe mçj to wipe off, to adorn; màrjayati (x) mçj to cleanse; to purify; to wipe off (ii) mçj to cleanse, to wipe off, to adorn, to sharpen (i) mçkù stroke see mçkù to collect, to rub (i) mçõ see mç2, mçõ (crush) mçõ to kill (vi) mçù see not heed mç÷ see touch, feel mçù to forgive (x) mçù to sprinkle, to endure (i) mçù to bear, to endure, to suffer (iv) mç÷ to touch, to consider, to reflect; deri. mçùña, marùñum (vi) mruc, set mluc, mlup see mruc, to go or move; deri. mrukta, mrocitvà (i) mluc mruc to go, to move; deri. mrukta, mrucitvà (i) må see mãv, må (push) må to bind (i) muc, release mokù see muc to cheat, to be wicked, to tell (i) muc to loosen, to liberate, to rejoice (x) muc to free, to liberate, to release, to loosen, to abandon, to grant, to except, to shed, to discharge, to dismiss, to utter, to void; deri. mukta, moktum, muktvà (vi) mud see be merry mud to be glad, to rejoise (i) mud to mix, to unite (x) muh see be crazed muh to loose sense, to faint, to be bewildered, to err, to be foolish; deri. mugdha or måóha; mohitavya or mogdhavya or moóhavya; mohitum or mogdhum or moóhum; mohitvà or mugdhvà or måóhvà (iv) muj to sound (i) muj to sound (i) mål to take root, to be firm, to accumulate (i) mål to cause to grow, to rear (x) muõ to promise (vi) muõó to grind, to shave, to shear (i) muõó to be pure, to sink (i) muõñh to protect, to run away (i) mur to surround, to bind together (vi) murch to faint, to increase, to grow, to become strong, to take effect on (i) murv to bind (i) mår see mårch, mår (thicken) mårch, thicken mår see muù see steal muù to steal, to carry off; to excel; to cover; to captivate (ix) muù, to destroy, to break, to steal; deri. moùita (iv) mus must to collect (x) måù to steal, to rob (i) muñ see break muñ, to crush, to grind, to break (i) muó muñ to blame, to crush, to bind (vi) muñ to crush, to grind, to break (x) måtr to discharge urine (x) myakù be situated (?) see nabh burst see nabh to destroy, to perish (i) nabh to kill (ix) nabh to kill (iv) nad see sound nad, to speak, to shine (x) nal nàdh see nàth, nàdh (seek aid) nah see tie nah to tie, to arm or to put on oneself; deri. naddha, naddhum, naddhvà (iv) nakh to go (i) nakk to perish (x) nakù attain see nakù to go (i) nal to smell; to bind (i) nam see bend, bow nam to salute; to sink; to bend; deri. nata, nantavya, vinamya, naüsyat (i) naükh to go (i) nand rejoice see nand to be glad or satisfied (i) naõ÷ see na÷2, naõ÷ (attain) nard see bellow nard to sound, to roar (i) na÷1see be lost na÷2, attain naõ÷ see nas see unite nas to be crooked (i) na÷ to disappear, to perish, to run away, to be unsucessful; deri. naùña, naùñum or na÷itum (iv) nàs to sound (i) nañ see dance, play nañ to speak (x) nañ to dance; to act (as a dramatic part) (i) nañ to sound; to roar; to thunder; deri. nàdya, praõadya (i) nàth, seek aid nàdh see nàth, to ask; to harass; to be master; to bless (i) nàdh nay to go (i) ned see flow ned to censure; to be near (i) neù to go (i) nhã to blush, to be ashamed; deri. hãta or hãõa, hetum, hitvà (iii) nã see lead nã to lead; to carry; to bring; to pass, to spend; to trace; deri. nãta, netum (i) nid see nind, nid (revile) nid to ridicule, to reach (i) nãó see nest nij see wash nij to wash (ii) nij to wash, to purify, to nourish; deri. nikta; nijya, nektum, niktvà (iii) nikù see pierce nikù to kiss (i) nil to understand with difficulty; to become thick (vi) nãl to be of a dark colour; to dye dark (i) niüs to kiss (ii) nind, nid revile see nind to blame; to censure; to condemn (i) niïs see kiss ninv to sprinkle; to attend (i) niù to sprinkle, to moisten (i) ni÷ to meditate upon (i) niùk to measure, to weigh (x) nivàs to cover (x) nãv to become fat (i) nç see sport né to lead (ix) né to carry (i) nçt see dance nçt to dance, to jesticulate; deri. nçtta, nçtya or nartya, nartitum, nartitvà (iv) nu1, nå praise see nu2see move nå see nu1, nå (praise) nu to praise; deri. nuta, navya or nàvya, navitum, nutvà (ii) nå to praise; nuvati, anuvat, nåyàsam (vi) nud see push nud to throw (vi) nud to throw; to push; to urge on; to drive; to remove; to direct; nutta or nunna (vi) õu to sound (i) okh to be dry; to be able or sufficient; to adorn; to refuse; to prevent (i) olaj to throw up (i) olaõó to throw up (i) olaõó to throw (x) oõ to remove; to drag along (i) pà1see drink pà2see protect pà3see rise against pà to drink, to feast on, to swallow up; deri. pãta, peya, nipàya, pibat (i) pà to protect; to govern; to preserve (ii) pac see cook pac to spread, to make clear (x) pac to make clear (i) pac to cook; to bake, to burn; to digest, to ripen, to develop; deri. pakva; paktrima (ripened, matured, cooked) (i) pad see go pad to go, to attain, to observe; deri. panna, pattvà, patnum, prapadya (iv) pad to go, to move; padayate (x) pai to dry, to wither (i) paiõ to go, to send, to touch, to embrace (i) paj see start (?) pakù to seize, to accept, to take aside (x) pakù to seize; to accept, to take aside (i) pal to go (i) pàl to protect, to govern (x) pan see admire paõ see bargain paõ to transact business, to deal in, to barter, to bet, to stake (i) paõ, to praise; deri. paõita (i) pan paõó to go (i) paõó to destroy, to collect (x) pant to thunder, to go; patayati (x) panth to go (x) pap, to go (i) pab pard see pedere pard to break wind (i) parõ to make green (x) parv to fill (i) pàr to bring to a conclusion, to accomplish (x) pa÷1, see spa÷ see pa÷2see bind pas to destroy (x) paù to go, to move (x) pa÷ to bind, to fetter (x) pat1see fly, fall pat2see rule pañ see tear pat to fall, to fly, to alight, to sink, to be degraded, to attack (i) pat to be master of, to rule, to possess, to be fit for (iv) pañ to speak, to cover (x) pañ to go (i) pañ to string, to envelop, to clothe (x) path see go (?) path to throw (x) pañh read see pañh to declare, to mention, to cite, to study, to read, to recite (i) pay to go (i) pày see cacare pel to go (i) pes to go (i) peù to resolve upon, to strive diligently for (i) pev to serve (i) phakk swell (?) see phakk to behave ill, to go softly (i) phal1see burst phal2see fruit phal to burst open, to split; deri. phulla, utphulla, saüphulla, praphulta (i) phal to bear fruit, to result, to succeed, to be useful or fruitful (i) phaõ spring see phaõ to go, to produce easily; deri. phaõita, phàõña (in the second sense) (i) phar see scatter phel to go (i) pi, pã swell, fatten see pã see pi, pã (swell, fatten) pi to go (vi) pã to drink (iv) pibd see be firm (?) picch to split, to cut, to divide (x) pãó see press pãó to afflict, to harass, to annoy, to squeeze, to press, to oppose, to give pain (x) pij to speak, to shine (x) pij to kill, to be strong, to take, to dwell (x) pij to tinge; to colour; to join; to divide; to speak inarticulately (ii) pãl to check; to impede; to obstruct (i) piüs to speak, to shine (x) piõó to roll into a lump, to heap (x) piõó to roll into a lump, to heap; to unite (i) pinv see fatten pinv to sprinkle, to serve (i) pis see stretch più see crush pi÷ see adorn pis to go (i) pis to go (x) più to grind, to pound, to crush; deri. piùña, peùñum, piùñvà (vii) pi÷ to form; to be reduced to constituent part; to light; deri. pi÷ita, pe÷itum, pi÷itvà (vi) piñ to sound; to assemble; to heap together (i) piñ to injure; to kill; to feel pain (i) pãv to be fat or thick (i) pãy see abuse plakù to eat (i) plã to go; plãnàti, piplàya, pletàsmi, pleùyati, aplaiùãt, plãyàsam (ix) plih to go (i) plu see float plu to go, to jump, to fly, to float, to swim; deri. plavya (i) pluù see burn pluù to burn, to scorch; deri. ploùitvà or pluùitvà (iv) plyål to cut, to wash in water impregnated with alkaline salt (x) pç1, pçõ, fill pår see pç2see pass pç3see be busy pç to protect, to fill, to promote, to deliver; deri. pça, pàrya or pçtya, partum, pçtvà (iii) pç (always with vyà) to be busy or active; vyàpriyate, vyàpçta (vi) pç to please; pçõoti (v) pé to protect, to nourish, to fill, to blow, to satisfy (ix) pé to protect, to fill; pàrayati (x) pé to protect, to fill, to gratify (as hopes), to blow (as conch or flute); deri. pårõa, pari(rã)tum, pårtvà, prapårya, pupårvas or papruvas (iii) prà see fill prà to fill (ii) pracch to ask; to seek; to desire; to know; deri. pçùña, pçùtvà, praùñum (vi) prach ask see pras to extend, to expand (i) prath spread see prath to proclaim, to manifest, to increase, to throw, to publish (x) prath to become famous, to increase, to spread abroad, to arise, to appear (i) pçc see mix pçc to touch, to bring into contact with, to unite, to satiate, to increase; deri. pçkta, parcitum, parcitvà (vii) pçc to come in contact with; to touch (ii) pçc to hinder, to oppose, to join (x) to swing, to shake (x) preïkhol preù to go (i) prã see please prã to please, to delight, to show kindness to, to love, to desire, to take delight in (ix) prã to please, to gratify; deri. prãõita, prãõayitum, prãõayitvà (x) prã to please, to be satisfied, to feel affection for (iv) pçj to dye (ii) pçõ see pç1, pçõ, pår (fill) proth to be equal to, to be a match for, to be complete (i) prù see pç÷, prù (('doubtful; perhaps connected to spç÷)) pç÷, prù ('doubtful; perhaps connected to spç÷) see pçù to sprinkle, to hurt, to vex (i) pçt see fight pçth to throw, to send, to direct (x) pçth to go (i) pru see flow pru to go, to jump (i) pruù see sprinkle pruù, to burn, to reduce to ashes (i) pluù pruù to become wet, to sprinkle (ix) pruñ to rub (i) pruth snort see psà see devour psà to devour; to eat (ii) på see cleanse på to purify; to discern; to contrive; deri. påta, påna (destroyed), pavitum, påtvà (ix) på to purify or clean from chaff; deri. påta or pavita, pavya or pàvya, pavitum, pavamàna, pupuvàna (i) puó to gladden (vi) puó to grind (i) puh to quit; to dismiss (vi) påj see reverence påj to worship, to honour (x) pul to be great or large; to be lofty or high, to be heaped up (i) pul to heap, to be great or large (x) pul to be great or large (vi) pål to collect, to gather, to heap up, to assemble (i) puüs to increase, to crash, to pain, to punish (x) puõ to please; to propitiate (vi) puõ to be pure or virtuous; to do a holy work (vi) puõ to collect (x) puõó to grind, to pound (i) punth to kill, to suffer pain (i) puõñ, to speak, to shine (x) puth pur to precede; to lead (vi) purv to dwell, to invite (x) purv to fill (i) pår see pç1, pçõ, pår (fill) pår to fill, to satisfy, to be full, to be satisfied; deri. pårõa or pårta (iv) pår to kill, to cover, to intensify (x) pårõ, to collect (x) pål puù see thrive puù to nourish, to bring up; to develop, to support, to augment; to show; to have (ix) puù to nourish, to develop, to support; to enhance, to get (i) puù to maintain, to promote (x) puù to nourish, to support, to develop, to increase, to possess; deri. puùña, poùñum, poùya (iv) puùp to blow, to flower (iv) pust to honour, to dishonour, to respect, to disrespect (x) påù to nourish, to increase, to grow (i) puñ see scale, etc. puñ to speak, to shine (x) puñ to embrace; to intertwine (vi) puñ to be in contact, to bind together (x) puth see crush puth to kill (iv) puññ to decrease, to diminish (x) påy see stink påy to split, to stink; deri. påta (i) pyà see fill up pyai to grow (i) pyày to grow, to increase, to swell; deri. pãna, pyàna (i) ç, çch go, send see ç to go; to acquire; deri. çta, artum, ariùyat, àrivas (i) ç (a Vedic root) to kill (v) ç to go (with saü to join) (iii) é to go; deri. ãrõa, ari(rã)tum, ãrtvà (ix) rà1, give ràs2see rà2see bark rà to give; to grant (ii) rabh, take hold rambh see rabh to begin, to desire, to act rashly; deri. rabdha, rabhya, rabdhum, rabdhvà, àrabhya (i) rac see produce rac to arrange, to compose, to effect (x) rad see dig rad to split, to scratch (i) radh, be or make subject randh see radh to kill, to injure, to cook, to finish; deri. raddha, radhitum or raddhum; radhitvà or raddhvà (iv) ràdh see succeed ràdh to grow, to be ready, to be favourable, to look to the welfare of; deri. ràddha; ràddhum; ràddhvà (iv) ràdh to accomplish; to kill; to propitiate; ràdhnoti (v) rag see rock rag to doubt (i) ràghra to be able (i) rah see desert rah to abandon; ararahat (x) rah to abandon; arahi or aràhi (x) rah to abandon, to quit (i) rai to sound (i) raj2, ra¤j colour see raj to be coloured, to redden, to dye, to be attached to, to be excited, to be pleased with; deri. rakta, raïktum, raïktvà or raktvà, uparajya (i) raj to please; rajjati, rajyeyam (iv) ràj see be kingly ràj to shine, to glitter, to appear like (i) rak, to taste, to obtain (x) rag, ragh rakh to go (i) rakù see protect rakù to protect, to watch, to take care of (i) ràkh to dry, to adorn, to be able (i) ram see be or make content ram to sport, to rest, to be pleased, to rejoice at, to have sexual intercourse with; deri. rata, ramya, rantum, ratvà or ramitvà, viramya or viratya (i) ramb hang down see ramb, to sound (i) rambh rambh see rabh, rambh (take hold) rambh roar see raüh to speak, to shine (x) raüh to go, to move (i) ramph to go, to kill (i) ran1see take pleasure ran2see ring raõ to go (i) raõ to sound, to ring, to jingle (i) ra¤ch mark see randh see radh, randh (be or make subject) raïgh to speak, to shine (x) raïgh to go, to hasten (i) raïh see hasten ra¤j see raj2, ra¤j (colour) raïkh, to go, to move (i) raïg raõv see delight raõva to go (i) rap see chatter rap to talk, to speak (i) raph see miserable (?) ('perhaps seen') raph to kill, to go (i) rap÷ be full see ras1see roar ras2see taste ('only a denomative of rasa') ra÷ see ? ('inferrable') ras to taste, to relish, to love (x) ras to roar, to cry, to make noise, to praise (i) ra÷ to sound (i) ràs1see roar ràs2 see rà1, ràs2 (give) rà÷, to sound (i) ràs rañ see howl rañ, to roar, to yell, to proclaim aloud, to shout (i) rañh ray to go, to move (i) çc see arc, çc (shine, praise) çc to praise; deri. çcita, arcitum (vi) çch see ç, çch (go, send) écch to go; to fail in faculties, to become hard or congeal (vi) çd, ard stir, dissolve see çdh see thrive çdh to increase, to prosper; deri. çddha, ardhitvà, ardhitum (iv) édh to increase, to prosper, to please (v) rebh to speak (i) rec to separate, to join, to mix (x) reó see deceive (?) regh to utter an inarticulate sound, to neigh, to roar (i) rej see tremble rek to doubt (i) rep to go, to move (i) reñ to speak, to ask, to request (i) rev to leap, to go, to move (i) ri, rã see flow rã see ri, rã (flow) ri to go, to move (vi) ri to kill; riõoti (v) rã to go; to move; to howl; deri. rãõa, retum, rãtvà (ix) rã to ooze, to flow; deri. rãõa; retum; rãtvà (iv) ribh see sing ric see leave ric to purge, to empty, to evacuate; deri. rikta, rektum, riktvà (vii) ric to separate, to divide, to join; deri. rikta, riktvà, rektum (i) rig see rikh, rig (creep) rih see lick rikh see scratch rikh, rig creep see rikh to go, to move (i) riïkh, to go, to move (i) riïg riõv to go, to move (i) rip see smear riph see snarl riph, to boast, to speak, to fight, to censure, to kill, to give (vi) rih riù see be hurt ri÷ see tear riù to kill, to destroy, to injure (i) riù to kill, to destroy (iv) ri÷ to kill; deri. riùña, reùñum (vi) çj1, ç¤j, direct, stretch, attain arj see çj2see shine çj to fry (i) çj to go; to stand; to gain; to acquire; to be healthy (i) çkùi (a Vedic root) to kill (v) çõ to go; deri. çta; arõitum; arõitvà or çtvà (viii) ç¤j see çj1, ç¤j, arj (direct, stretch, attain) roó to despise, to be mad (i) çph, çmph to kill (vi) çù see rush, push ç÷ see (?) harm çù to be proud (vi) ç÷ to kill; to go (i) çt, art pursue see çt to reproach, to pity, to go, to rival; to have power (i) ru1see cry ru2see break ru to cry; to roar; to shout; to sound; deri. ruta, ravya (ii) ru to go, to kill (i) ruc see shine ruc to shine, to please, to like, to appear good (i) rud see weep rud to shed tears; to cry; to weep; to lament (ii) rudh1see grow rudh2see obstruct rudh to oppose, to obstruct, to besiege, to enclose, to obscure, to harass; deri. ruddha, roddhum, ruddhvà (vii) rudh to desire, to love, to comply with, to obey; deri. ruddha; roddhum (iv) ruh see ascend ruh to grow from seed, to become manifest, to grow, to rise, to ascend; der. råóha, rohya, roóhum, råóhvà, àruhya (i) ruj see break ruj to kill (x) ruj to break, to destroy; to bend, to pain, to injure; deri. rugõa, roktum (vi) råkù to be harsh or rough; to make dry; pàruùye to be harsh (x) ruü÷, to speak, to shine (x) ruüs ruõó to steal (i) ruõñ to steal, to rob (i) ruõñh to steal; to be lame, to go (i) rup see break, pain rup to violate, to confound, to disturb; deri. rupta, rupitvà or ropitvà or ruptvà (iv) råp to form, to represent on the stage, to see, to consider (x) ruù see be vexed ruù to be angry (x) ruù to kill (iv) ruù to kill (i) ru÷ to kill; deri. ruùña (vi) råù see strew råù to decorate, to smear, to cover (i) ruñ to strike down, to fell (i) ruñ to strike, to oppose (i) ruñ to be angry (x) ruñh see torment ruñh to speak, to shine (x) sà1, si bind (also note p186) see sà2 see san, sà2 (gain) sabhàj to please, to serve, to salute, to honour (x) sac see accompany sac to sprinkle, to serve (i) sad see sit sad to go, to approach (x) sad to divide, to break, to go, to wither, to despond, to be weary (vi) sad to divide, to break, to go, to wither, to despond, to be weary; deri. sanna, sàdya, saktum, saktvà, niùadya, sãdat, sediùas (i) sadh see sàdh, sadh (succeed) sàdh, succeed sadh see sàdh to accomplish (v) sag to cover (i) sagh be equal to see sagh to kill (v) sah see prevail sah to forbear, to be able (x) sah to satisfy, to be plesed; sahita, sahitum, sahitvà (iv) sah to suffer, to forbear, to be patient, to wait, to be able to resist, to conquer, to stop (i) sai to waste away, to decline (i) saj, sa¤j hang see saj to cling to, to fasten, to embrace; deri. sakta, saja, sajat, sejivas (i) sakù see see sah sal to go, to move (i) sam to change form (iv) sam to be composed (i) samb to go, to creep (i) samb to collect (x) saüst (a Vedic root) to sleep (ii) sàm to conciliate, to console (x) sàmb to collect (x) san, gain sà2see san to dive (i) san to give, to honour, to obtain, to worship; deri. sàta, sanitum, sanitvà or sàtvà (viii) to fight (x) saïgràm sa¤j see saj, sa¤j (hang) saïket to invite, to counsel (x) sàntv to appease, to console (x) sap see serve sap to connect (i) sarb to go, to move (i) sarj see creak sarv to go, to kill (i) sàr to be weak (x) sas see sleep sas (a Vedic root) to sleep (ii) sasj to go, to become ready (i) sañ to be a part or portion(i) satr to extend, to spread (x) saññ to hurt, to kill (x) ÷à, ÷i sharpen see ÷abd to make manifest (when without preposition, anupasarga_t), to make any sound, to utter (when with a preposition, upasarga_t) (x) ÷ac to speak, to say, to tell (i) ÷ad1see prevail ÷ad2see fall ÷ad to perish gradually (vi) ÷ad to perish, to fall, to wither, to decay; deri. ÷anna, ÷aktum, ÷atvà, à÷aya, ÷ãyamàna (i) ÷aó to hurt, to cause disease, to collect (i) ÷àó to praise (i) ÷ai to cook (i) ÷ak see be able ÷ak to endure, to be able; deri. ÷akita or ÷akta, ÷akitum or ÷aktum, ÷ekivas-÷ekàna (iv) ÷ak to be able; to be powerful; to bear; deri. ÷akta, ÷aktum, ÷aktvà (v) ÷àkh to pervade (i) ÷al see leap ÷al to shake, to cover (i) ÷al to go, to move (i) ÷albh to praise, to boast (i) ÷àl to praise, to shine, to be endowed with, to tell (i) ÷am1, labour ÷im see ÷am2se be quiet e ÷am3se note e ÷am to be calm; deri. ÷ànta, ÷amya or ÷àmya, ÷àntvà or ÷amitvà, ÷amitum (iv) ÷am to look at, to inspect, to show (x) ÷amb to accumulate (x) ÷aüs to praise, to be in distres, to tell, to indicate (i) ÷aüs to wish, to expect, to bless (i) ÷aõ to give, to go (i) ÷aïk see doubt ÷aïk to fear, to doubt, to suspect (i) ÷aïs see praise ÷àn to whet (i) ÷ap see curse ÷ap to curse, to swear (iv) ÷ap to curse, to imprecate, to swear; deri. ÷apta, ÷apya, ÷aptum, ÷aptvà (i) ÷arb to go, to move (i) ÷arb to kill (i) ÷as, cut ÷às2see ÷a÷ see leap ÷as to kill; deri. ÷asta (i) ÷aù to kill (i) ÷a÷ to jump, to dance (i) ÷às1, order ÷iù2see ÷às2 see ÷as, ÷às2 (cut) ÷às to teach, to inform, to rule, to command, to punish, to advise; deri. ÷iùña, ÷iùya, ÷àsitvà (ii) ÷às to desire, to seek, to bless, to praise (ii) ÷at see cut in pieces ÷añ to be sick, to divide, to pierce, to go, to be weary (i) ÷añh to speak ill or well (x) ÷añh to leave unfinished (x) ÷añh to cheat, to defraud (i) ÷auñ to be proud (i) ÷av to go, to move (i) ÷cand, shine cand see ÷cut drip see ÷cut, to ooze, to diffuse (i) ÷cyut sec to be associated with (i) sek to go, to move (i) sel to go, to move (i) sev see attend upon sev to serve, to honour, to follow, to use, to enjoy, to cultivate, to practise, to devote oneself to, to inhabit, to frequent, to guard, to protect (i) ÷el to go, to move (i) ÷ev to worship, to serve (i) si see sà1, si (bind (also note p186)) si to tie (v) si to tie, to bind (ix) sibh to kill; deri. sibdha, sibhitvà (i) sic see pour out sic to sprinkle, to moisten, to scatter; deri. sikta, sektum, siktvà (vi) sidh1see repel sidh2see succeed sidh to ordain, to instruct, to do an auspicious act, to turn out auspiciously, to ward off, to restrain, to interdict (i) sidh to go (i) sidh to be accomplished, to succeed, to be thoroughly prepared; deri. siddha, seddhum, sidhdvà (iv) sãk to sprinkle (i) sil to glean (vi) simbh to kill; deri. sibdha, simbhitvà (i) sinv to sprinkle (i) siñ to disregard (i) siv to sew, to sow (as seed); deri. syåta, sevitvà or syåtvà, sevitum (iv) sãv, syå sew see ÷ã1see fall ÷ã2see lie ÷i see ÷à, ÷i (sharpen) ÷ã see ÷yà, ÷ã (coagulate) ÷i to whet; to excite (v) ÷ã to sleep, to lie down; deri. ÷ayita, ÷eya (ii) ÷ãbh to boast (i) ÷igh to smell (i) ÷ij to tinkle, to rattle, to whisper (ii) ÷ikh to go, to move (i) ÷ikù to learn, to practise (i) ÷ãk to speak, to shine, to be angry, to touch (x) ÷ãk to be angry, to touch (i) ÷il to glean (vi) ÷ãl to practise repeatedly, to exercise, to visit, to honour (x) ÷ãl to meditate, to intend (i) ÷im see ÷am1, ÷im (labour) ÷i¤gh snuff see ÷i¤j see twang ÷ip see be smooth ÷iù1see leave ÷iù2 see ÷às1, ÷iù2 (order) ÷iù to kill, to leave as a remainder (i) ÷iù to distinguish, to leave as a remainder; deri. ÷iùña; ÷eùñum; ÷iùñvà (vii) ÷iù to leave a residue (x) ÷iñ to disregard (i) skabh see skambh, skabh (prop) skambh, prop skabh see to obstruct (i) skambh to obstruct, to stop; deri. skabdha, skambhitvà, skabdhvà, skambh skambhitum (ix) skand leap see skand to go, to be dry; deri. skanna, viskanna, skaïktum, skaïktvà (i) skhad to destroy, to cut (i) skhal stumble see skhal to stumble, to totter, to deviate, to blunder, to err, to stammer, to drop (i) skç see kç1 (skç) (make) sku see tear sku to go by leaps, to cover, to raise; deri. skuta, skotum, skutvà (ix) to hinder, to hold; deri. skubdha, skumbhitvà or skubdhvà (ix) skumbh skund to jump, to raise, to lift (i) ÷là see dissolve (?) ÷làgh extol see ÷làgh to praise, to flatter, to boast (i) ÷làkh to pervade, to penetrate (i) ÷laïk, to go, to move (i) z÷laïg ÷lath see ÷rath, ÷lath (slacken) ÷lath to hurt (i) ÷liù, clasp ÷riù see ÷liù to burn (i) ÷liù to embrace, to collect (x) ÷lãù to embrace, to adhere to, to unite (iv) ÷lok to heap together, to collect, to versify (i) ÷loõ to collect (i) smi see smile smi to smile, to expand, to bloom (i) smãla to wink (i) smiñ to disrespect, to slight, to despise (x) smç see remember smç (a Vedic root) to remember; to recollect (v) smç to remember, to recollect, to think upon, to recite mentally, to record in a smriti; deri. smçta, smartum smçtvà (i) smç to long for, to regret (i) ÷mãl to wink (i) snà see bathe snà to bathe; deri. snàta; niùõàta (skilled in) (ii) snai to cover, to wrap, to adorn (i) snas to reject, to eject; deri. snasta, snasitvà or snastvà, snasitum (iv) snih see be sticky snih to love, to account, to dissolve (x) snih to feel affection for, to love, to be kind to; deri. snigdha or snãóha, snihitvà or snehitvà or snigdhvà or snãóhvà, snehitum, sneóhum or snegdhum (iv) sniv to go, to dry; deri. snyåta, snevitvà or snivitvà or snyåtvà, snevitum (iv) snu see distil snu to ooze (ii) snuh to vomit (iv) snus to eat, to take, to disappear; deri. snusta, snusitvà or snustvà, snositum (iv) ÷nath pierce see so to put an end to, to kill, to finish; deri. sita, sàtum, sitvà (iv) ÷o to whet, to make thin; deri. ÷ita or ÷àta, ÷aüsita (well finished), ÷àtum, ÷àtvà or ÷itvà (iv) ÷oõ to be red, to go (i) spand quiver see spardh to contend with, to vie with, to emulate, to challenge (i) spa÷ see pa÷1, spa÷ (see ) spa÷ to take, to embrace (x) spa÷ to obstruct, to touch, to perceive clearly, to undertake, to string together (i) sphà fatten see sphal strike see sphar see sphç, sphar, sphur, sphul (jerk) sphar to tremble, to move (vi) sphañ split see sphày to grow fat, to increase, to expand (i) sphiñ to feel affection for (x) sphiññ to kill (x) sphç, jerk sphar, sphur, sphul see sphuó to cover (vi) sphul see sphç, sphar, sphur, sphul (jerk) sphul to tremble, to throb (vi) to open, to expand (i) sphuõñ, sphuõó to laugh at, to joke (x) sphuõñ, sphuõó sphur see sphç, sphar, sphur, sphul (jerk) sphur to throb, to palpitate, to become agitated, to start, to appear clearly, to flash (vi) to spreak, to extend, to forget (i) sphurcc h sphårj rumble see sphårj to thunder, to explode, to glitter, to burst; deri. sphårjita, sphårõa, sphårjathuh (a clap of thunder) (i) sphuñ burst see sphuñ to blow, to blossom, to break (vi) sphuñ to burst, to break open (x) sphuñ to burst; to blossom; to blow (i) sphuñ to split open (i) spç see win spç (a Vedic root) to gratify, to defend, to shake (v) spçdh, contend spårdh see spçh see be eager spçh to wish, to envy (x) spç÷ touch see spç÷ to touch, to cling to, to act upon; to affect, to accept, to reach, to wash; deri. spçùña; spraùñum (vi) spårdh see spçdh, spårdh (contend) sç see flow sç to go (iii) sç to go, to move, to approach, to slip, to blow, to flow; deri. sçta, sartavya, sartum, sàrya, sarat (i) sç to run (i) to err; to entrust (i) srambh sraüs to fall down, to drop, to slip off; to hang down (i) sraïk to go, to move (i) sraïs, fall sras see sras see sraïs, sras (fall) sçbh, to kill, to slay (i) sçmbh srek to go, to move (i) sridh blunder (?) see srãv see fail sçj see send forth sçj to be abandoned, to drop; deri. sçùña, sraùñum, sçùñva (iv) sçj to leave, to create, to let loose, to let off, to throw, to produce, to put on; deri. sçùa, sraùñum; sçùñvà (vi) sçk see be pointed (?) sçp see creep sçp to go, to creep; deri. sçpta, sarpitavya or sraptavya (i) sru see flow sru to go, to flow (i) ÷ç see ÷rã1, ÷ç (mix) ÷é to tear asunder, to split in pieces, to hurt, to kill; ÷a÷àra (ix) ÷rà, boil ÷rã2, ÷ç2see ÷rà to cook, to boil; deri. ÷ràõa, ÷çta, ÷ràtum, ÷a÷rivas (ii) ÷rai to cook (i) ÷ram be weary see ÷ram to perform acts of penance, to be fatigued; deri. ÷rànta, ÷ramitvà or ÷ràntvà, ÷ramitum (iv) ÷rambh trust see to be careless, to err (i) ÷rambh ÷ran give see ÷raõ to give (i) ÷raõ (generally with vi) to give (x) to go, to move (i) ÷raïka, ÷raïg ÷ranth to loosen, to liberate, to gladden, to bind; to arrange; deri. ÷athita, ÷rathitvà or ÷ranthitvà (ix) ÷ranth to arrange (x) ÷ranth to loosen (i) ÷rath, slacken ÷lath see ÷rath to make effort, to set out (x) ÷rath to be weak (x) ÷rath to liberate, to kill (x) ÷rath to kill (i) ÷rã1, ÷ç mix see ÷rã2 see ÷rà, ÷rã2, ÷ç2 (boil) ÷ri, resort ÷ç3see ÷ri to serve, to depend upon (i) ÷rã to cook, to dress (ix) ÷riù see ÷liù, ÷riù (clasp) ÷ris to burn (i) ÷roõ to heap together, to collect (i) ÷ru see hear ÷ru to go, to move (i) ÷ruù hear see ÷ç1see crush ÷ç2 see ÷rà, ÷rã2, ÷ç2 (boil) ÷ç3 see ÷ri, ÷ç3 (resort) ÷çdh be defiant see ÷çdh to moisten, to wet, to cut off (i) ÷çdh to insult, to mock at (x) ÷çdh to break wind (i) ÷çù to bring forth (i) stà see be stealthy stabh see stambh, stabh (prop) stabh, to stop, to support; deri. stabdha, stambhitum, stambhitvà or stambh stabdhvà (ix) stag o cover (i) stai to cover, to adorn (i) stak to resist, to repel (i) stakù to go, to move (i) stam to be confused, not to be confused (i) stambh, prop stabh see to stop, to hinder, to become stiff or naughty, to paralyze, to fix firmly (i) stambh stan see thunder stan to sound, to thunder (i) stan to thunder (x) sten to steal (x) step to ooze (i) sthà see stand sthà to stand, to stay, to be; deri. sthita-stheya, tiùñhàya (i) sthag cover see sthag to cover, to conceal (i) sthal to stand firm (i) sthigh to ascend; to assail (v) sthuó to cover, to hide (vi) sthål to become stout, to grow fat (x) ùñhiv o spit (iv) ùñhãv spew see stã see styà, stã (stiffen) stigh mount see stim, be stiff stãm see stim, to become wet, to moist (iv) stãm stãm see stim, stãm (be stiff) stip to ooze (i) stom to praise (x) stç see strew sté to cover, to spread (ix) stçh see crush stçh to kill, to hurt, to strike; deri. stçóh; starhitum or staróhum; starhitvà or stçóhvà (vi) stu1see praise stu2see drip stu to cover (v) stu to praise, to glorify, to worship by hymns (ii) stubh praise see stubh to stop (i) stuc to be pleased (i) stukù to go, to move (i) ståp to collect (x) ståp to pile, to collect, to erect (iv) styà, stã stiffen see styai to sound, to collect into a heap, to spread about, to crowd (i) su see press out su see så, su (generate, enliven, impel) så, su generate, enliven, impel see su to bring forth, to possess power or supremacy, to permit; deri. såta, sutvà, prasutya, sotum (i) su to cause to bathe: to churn; to pour out; to bathe; to press out juice; to distil (v) su to bring forth, to possess supremacy, to permit (ii) så to bring forth as a child (iv) så to impel, to drive, to discharge, to remit; deri. såta, savitum; såtvà (vi) så to bring forth as a child; deri. såta, sotavya or savitavya, savya or sàvya, sotum or savitum (ii) subh, smother (?) sumbh see subh, to speak, to kill (i) sumbh subh to speak, to kill (vi) såc to try, to bind (x) såc to betray, to reveal, to show, to ascertain (x) såd see put in order såd to distil, to strike, to hurt, to destroy, to leak, to deposit (i) såd to strike, to wound, to distil, to deposit (x) suh to be satisfied (iv) sukh to make happy (x) sumbh see subh, sumbh (smother (?)) sur to rule, to shine (vi) sårkù heed see sårkù to respect (i) to envy, to despise (i) sårkùya suññ to disrespect (x) ÷å, ÷và, swell ÷vi see ÷ubh, beautify ÷umbh see ÷ubh to shine, to look beautiful (i) ÷ubh, to speak, to shine, to kill (i) ÷umbh ÷ubh, to shine (vi) ÷umbh ÷uc see gleam ÷uc to regret, to grive for, to bewail (i) ÷uc to be wet, to be clean; deri. ÷akta, ÷ucitvà or ÷ocitvà, ÷ocitum (iv) ÷ucya to perform ablution, to squeeze out juice, to distil (i) ÷udh, purify ÷undh see ÷udh to become pure, to be made clear; deri. ÷uddha (iv) ÷uj see swell (?) ÷ulk to leave, to forsake, to pay, to give, to give, to gain (x) ÷ål to be ill, to collect (i) ÷umbh see ÷ubh, ÷umbh (beautify) ÷un to go (vi) ÷undh see ÷udh, ÷undh (purify) ÷undh to purify, to make clean (x) ÷undh to purify (i) ÷uõñh to dry, to become dry (x) ÷åp to measure (x) ÷år to strike, to be firm (iv) ÷år to be powerful, to be valiant (x) ÷uù1see dry ÷uù2 see ÷vas, ÷uù2 (blow) ÷uù to become dry, to be withered; deri ÷uùka, ÷oùñum, ÷uùñvà (iv) ÷uñ, to resist, to go lame (i) ÷uõñh ÷uñh to be lazy (x) svad, sweeten svàd see svad to make sweet (x) svad to be pleasant to the taste, to be liked, to taste, to eat, to please (i) svàd see svad, svàd (sweeten) svàd to taste, to be pleasing (i) svàd to taste (x) svaj, embrace sva¤j see svaj to embrace, to clasp, to encircle; deri. svakta, svaïktum (i) svan see sound svan to deck, to adorn (i) svan to sound, to sing (i) sva¤j see svaj, sva¤j (embrace) svap see sleep svap to sleep, to lie down; deri. supta, suùupta, viùupta (ii) svar see sound svar to blame, to find fault with (x) svard to taste, to be pleasing (i) ùvaùk to go (i) svid see sweat svid to perspire; deri. svinna, svittvà, svettum (iv) svid to be greedy, to perspire, to be disturbed, to quit; deri. svinna, svedita (i) svç to sound, to praise, to pain; deri. svçta, svaritavya (i) ÷và see ÷å, ÷và, ÷vi (swell) to go, to move (x) ÷vabh, ÷vart ÷val, to run (i) ÷vall ÷valk to tell, to narrate (x) ÷va¤c spread see ÷vaïk, to go (i) ÷vac, ÷vac ÷vas, blow ÷uù2see ÷vas to breath, to sigh, to hiss (ii) to leave unfinished, to go (x) ÷vañh, , ÷vaõñh ÷vañh to speak ill or well (x) ÷vi see ÷å, ÷và, ÷vi (swell) ÷vi to move, to increase, to grow, to swell; deri. ÷åna, ÷vaya, ucchåya (i) ÷vind to be white (i) ÷vit see be bright ÷vit to be white; deri. ÷vedita (i) syad see syand, syad (move on) syam to consider, to think (x) syam to sound, to shout (i) syand, move on syad see syand to ooze, to feel; deri. syanna, syanditavya, syaïktum (i) syand to throb, to quiver (i) syå see sãv, syå (sew) ÷yà, ÷ã coagulate see ÷yai to go, to move, to wither; to dry up; deri. ÷yàna, ÷ãna or ÷ãta (cold) (i) tà see tan1, tà (stretch) tac see ta¤c, tac (coagulate) tac, taj to contract, to shrink; deri. takta, tajitvà, tacitvà, taktvà, taïktvà (vii) tac to go (i) taó see beat taó to strike, to beat, to play upon a musical instrument, to speak (x) tak see rush tak to laugh at; to bear, to fly or rush upon (i) takù see fashion takù to cut off; to make thin; to wound, to form; deri. taùña (i) takù to eat; to pare, to cover (i) tal to be full or complete, to fix, to establish (x) tam see faint tam to desire, to be fatigued; deri. tànta, tamitvà or tamitvà, tamitum (iv) taüs to adorn, to deck (x) taüs to decorate; to shake, to pour out, to request (i) tan1, tà stretch see tan2see roar tan to spread, to stretch, to do, to spin out (viii) tan to confide in, to assist (x) tan to confide in, to assist; to pain with disease, to be harmless, to sound; deri. tata (i) ta¤c, tac coagulate see tand see be weary tandr to be exhausted, to be disturbed in mind (i) taõó to strike (i) taïg to go; to stumble; to tremble (i) taïk to live in distress (i) taïs, tas shake see tantr to support, to maintain, to govern (x) tap see heat tap to heat, to burn, to afflict (x) tap to be powerful, to injure, to perform penance; deri. tapta, taptvà, taptum, tepàna (iv) tap to shine, to be hot; to make hot, to suffer pain, to injure or hurt, to undergo, to perform penance (i) tard to injure, to hurt or kill (i) tarj see threaten tarj to threaten, to terrify, to scold, to mock (i) tarj to menace, to censure (x) tark see think tark to shine, to intend, to suppose, to guess, to think of (x) tas see taïs, tas (shake) tas to fade away, to become exhausted; deri. tasta, tasitvà or tastvà, tasitum (iv) tañ see clatter tañ to be raised, to rise, to groan (i) tàv see ('probably a false reading') tay to go (i) tày see stretch tày to spread, to protect (i) ñak see cover (?) ñal see be confused ñal to be confused (i) ñaïk to bind (i) ñaïk to build (x) ñauk to go (i) tej to protect (i) tep to ooze, to shake (i) tev to lament; to play (i) thuóh to cover(vi) thurv ? ('probably false') see thurv to injure, hurt or kill (i) ti see crush ('single occurence, probably a false reading') tigh to kill, to challenge (v) tij see be sharp tij to whet (i) tij to whet, to sharpen (with ud to excite) (x) tij to endure or bear patiently (i) tik, tig to assail, to go, to seek, to injure or kill, to challenge (v) tik to go or move (i) tãk to go (i) til to oil; to anoint (vi) til to oil, to be greasy (x) til to go (i) till to go (i) tim see be quiet tim to be wet, to be moist; deri. timita, tmitvà or temitvà, temitum (iv) tip to drop, to ooze; deri. tipta, tepamàna (i) tir see tç, tir, tur (pass) tãr to finish, to get through (x) tãv to be strong or fat or corpulent (i) ñik to go (i) ñãk see trip ñãk to go, to resort to (i) ñip to throw, to send (x) toó to disregard (i) tç, tir, pass tur see té to swim, to cross over, to float, to surmount; to master completely, to fulfil, to escape from; deri. tãrõa, taritavya, uttãrya (i) trà see rescue trai to protect; deri. tràta or tràõa, paritràya (i) trakh to go (i) traüs to speak (x) traüs to speak; to shine (i) trand to act; to try; to be busy or active (i) traïk to go (i) traïkh, to go (i) traïg trap see be abashed trap to be ashamed or abashed; to be embarrassed (i) tras see be terrified tras to take, to hold, to oppose (x) tras to fear, to tremble; deri. trasta, trasitvà, trasitum (iv) trauk to go (i) tçd see split, bore tçd to kill, to disregard; deri. tçõõa, tarditum, tarditvà or tçttvà (vii) tçh see crush tçh, to kill; deri. tçó, tarhitvà, tçühitvà, tçóhvà, tarhitum, taróhum, tçüh tçühitum, tçõóhum (vi) tçh to kill; tçõoóhi (vii) triükh to go (i) tçkù to go (i) tçõ to eat, to graze (viii) tçp see be pleased tçp to be satisfied, to light (x) tçp to be satisfied or pleased, to please or satisfy; deri. tçpta, tarpitvà, tçptvà, tarpitum, tarptum, trapum (iv) tçp to please or to be pleased (v) tçù see be thirsty tçù to be thirsty, to wish; deri. tçùita, tarùitum, tçùitvà or tarùitvà (iv) trup, to kill, injure or hurt (i) truph, trump, trumph truñ see come to pieces truñ to cut; to break (vi) truñ to cut (x) tsar see approach stealthily tsar to creep; to crawl; to proceed crookedly or fraudulently (i) tu see be strong tu to go, to grow, to kill; deri. tuta, totum (ii) tubh to kill (iv) tubh to injure, hurt or kill (i) tubh to kill (ix) tuc see impel, generate tud see push, thrust tud to wound; to strike; to pain; to ved; deri. tunna, tutvà, tottum (vi) tuó to tear, to kill (vi) tuó to split, to push, to injure, to hurt (i) tuóó to disregard, to condemn (i) tåó to split, to disregard (i) tuh to hurt, to kill, to pain (i) tuj see urge, thrust tuj to reach, to kill, to be strong, to take, to dwell, to protect to cloth, to strike, to push, to emit, to incite, to give (i) tuj to hurt, injure or kill (i) tuj, tuj to strike, to be strong, to take, to live (x) tul see lift, weigh tul to weigh, to measure (x) tål to weigh, to measure (i) tumb to be invisible, to trouble (x) tumb to distress, to hurt (i) tump, to injure, hurt or kill (i) tumph tuõ to fill up (x) tuõ to curve (vi) tuõó to disregard, to condemn (i) tup to injure, hurt or kill (i) tup- to please or to be pleased (vi) tump, tuph- tumph tup- to kill (vi) tump, tuph- tumph tuph to injure, hurt or kill (i) tur see tç, tir, tur (pass) tur (a Vedic root) to make haste (iii) tur to be quickly, to make haste, to hurt or kill (iv) turv, overcome tårv see turv to kill (i) tårv see turv, tårv (overcome) tuù see be content tu÷ see drip tus to sound (i) tuù to be pleased or delighted; deri. tuùña, tuùñvà, parituùya, toùtum (iv) tåù to satisfy or to be satisfied (i) tuñ to quarrel; to cut (vi) tutth to cover (x) ñup see swell tvac see cover tvac to cover (vi) tvac to go; deri. tyakta (i) tvag see leap tvakù fashion see tvakù to make thin (i) tvaïg to go; to tremble (i) tvar see hasten tviù see be stirred up tviù to shine; to glitter (i) ñval to be confused (i) tyaj see forsake tyaj to abandon, to leave, to quit, to let go, to renounce, to except, to distribute, to disregard (i) u see proclaim u see và2, vi, u (weave) u to utter a voice; to sound; deri. uta, otum (i) ubh, confine umbh see ubh, to fill with (vi) umbh ubj see force ubj to make straight (vi) uc see be pleased uc to be gathered together (iv) ucch to dwell abroad; to retire (i) uch see vas1, uù2, uch (shine) uch to glean (vi) uch to glean (i) ud, und wet see udhras to glean (ix) udhras to glean (x) uh to hurt or kill (i) åh1see remove åh2see consider åh to conjecture, to infer, to guess; to note; to expect; to reason (i) ujh see forsake ujjh to abandon; to leave (vi) ukh to go (i) ukù1see sprinkle ukù2, grow vakù see ukù2 see vakù, ukù2 (increase) ukù to sprinkle; to wet (i) ulaõó to throw up (x) umbh see ubh, umbh (confine) u¤ch glean see und see ud, und (wet) und to moisten (vii) uïkh to go (i) ån to lessen, to deduct (x) urd to measure, to play; to taste; to grant; to be cheerful (i) urv to kill or hurt (i) årj to be strong, to live (x) årõu to cover (ii) uù1see burn uù2 see vas1, uù2, uch (shine) uù to burn (i) åù to be ill (i) uñh to knock down (i) åñh to knock down (i) åy to weave; to sew (i) và1see blow và2, vi, u weave see và3 see van, và3 (win) và to go; to blow; to hurt; to injure; to kill; to move (ii) vabh to go; to move (i) vac see speak vac to speak, to tell, to read (x) vac to deceive (x) vac to speak; to read; to name; to call; to announce (ii) vac to go (i) vàch to desire; to wish (i) vad see speak vad to speak; to tell; to describe; to utter; deri. udita, vàdya; avadya (despicable); anudya (unutterable) (i) vad to inform, to communicate (x) vadh, slay badh see vah see carry vah to bear, to carry; to flow; to marry; to propel; deri. åóha, vàhya or vahya, voóhum, åóhvà, prohya, vahat-màna, vakùyat-màõa, åhàna (i) vàh see press vàh to endeavour (i) vai to be dry, to be languid; deri. vana, nirvàõa (i) vaj see be strong vaj to prepare the way, to feather an arrow (x) vaj to go; to move (i) vakh to go; to move (i) vakù see ukù2, vakù (grow) vakù, increase ukù2see vakù to be angry; to collect (i) val see turn val to cover; to move (i) val to cover; to move (i) valbh to eat; to devour (i) valg see spring valg to go; to move; to jump; to gallop; to be pleased (i) valh see challenge valh to speak, to kill or hurt; to give (i) valk to speak (x) vall to be covered; to go; to move (i) vam see vomit vam to vomit, to drop; to emit; to give out; to reject (i) van, win và3see van to beg, to request, to seek; deri. vata, vanitum, vanitvà or vatvà (viii) van to act; deri. vata, vanitvà, vatvà (i) van to sound; to honour; to aid (i) vaõ to sound (i) va¤c move crookedly see vand greet see vaïgh to go; to blame (i) vaïk to be crooked; to go (i) vaïkh, to go; to move (i) vaïg vaõñ divide see vaõñ, to divide (i) vaõó vaõñ to salute respectfully; to praise (i) vaõñ, to divide (x) vaõó và¤ch desire see vàïkù to wish; to desire (i) vap1see strew vap2see shear vap to sow; to plant; to procreate; to weave; to shave; to shear; deri. upta, vaptavya, vàpya, vàptum, uptvà, uptrima (i) var to wish, to obtain, to desire (x) varc to shine (i) vardh to cut, to fill (x) varh to speak; to kill; to kill or hurt; to give (i) varõ to paint, to delineate, to extend, to praise, to describe, to drive (x) varù to melt; to love (i) vas1, shine uù2, uch see vas2see clothe vas3see dwell va÷ see be eager vas to dwell; to live; deri. uùita, proùya, vastum (i) vas to love, to cut, to take away (x) vas to dwell (x) vas to fix, to be straight; deri. vasta, vasitvà or vastvà; vasitum (iv) vas to wear, to dress; deri. vasita (ii) vaù to hurt; to kill; to injure (i) va÷ to wish; to long for; deri. u÷ita (ii) vask to go; to move (i) vast to hurt, to torment, to go, to ask (x) và÷ see bellow vàs to perfume, to incense (x) và÷ to howl, to growl, to roar (iv) vat see apprehend vañ to speak (i) vañ to tie, to string, to connect, to divide (x) vañ to cover; to surround (i) vañh to tie (x) vañh to become fat (i) vañh to go alone (i) vàt to make happy, to serve; to fan (x) vàvçt to choose; deri. vàvçtta, vàvartitvà or vàvçttvà, vàvartitum (iv) vay to go; to move (i) ve to weave, to sew, to compose; deri. uta, veya, vàtavya, utvà, pravàya (i) veh to endeavour (i) vel, to go, to move; to shake; to tremble (i) vell vel to count the time (x) vell see stagger ven see long veõ, to go, to know, to consider, to play on an instrument, to take (i) ven vep see vip, vep (tremble) vep to tremble, to shake (i) veùñ see viùñ, veùñ (wrap) veùñ to surround, to dress (i) veth to beg, to ask (i) vevã (a Vedic root) to go, to pervade, to be born, to impregnate, to desire, to throw, to eat (ii) vã1see enjoy vã2 see vyà, vã2 (envelop) vi see và2, vi, u (weave) vã to go; to pervade; to be born; to be impregnate; to desire; to throw; to eat; to conceive (ii) vic1see sift vic2 see vyac, vic2 (extend) vic to divide, to separate, to discern, to remove from; deri. vikta, vektum, viktvà (vii) vicch to speak, to shine (x) vicch to go, to move; deri. vicchita or vicchayita (vi) vid1see know vid2see find vid to be, to exist; deri. vinna, vittvà, vettum (iv) vid to know; to learn; to find out; to consider (with saü to recognize) (ii) vid to get, to obtain, to find, to take in marriage; deri. vitta or vinna, vettum or veditum, viditvà, vittvà or veditvà (vi) vid to feel, to experience, to tell, to dwell (x) vid to discuss, to reason upon, to consider, to understand (vii) to mock, to imitate, to ridicule (x) vióamb vidh1see worship vidh2 see vyadh, vidh2 (pierce) vidh to pierce (vi) vãó see make strong vij see tremble vij to fear, to tremble, to be disgusted (vii) vij to fear, to tremble (generally with ud); pp. udvigna (vi) vij to separate, to divide, to distinguish, to discern; deri. vikta, vektum (iii) vãj, vyaj fan see vãj to fan (x) vil to throw, to cast (x) vil to cover, to conceal (vi) vindh lack see vip, vep tremble see vãr to display heroism, to be powerful (x) viù see be active vi÷ see enter vis to send (iv) viù to pervade; deri. viùña, veùñum, viùñvà (iii) viù to separate; to disjoin (ix) viù to sprinkle; deri. viùña, veùñum (i) vi÷ to enter; deri. viùña, veùñum, viùñvà (vi) viùk to see, to perceive (x) viùñ, wrap veùñ see viñ to curse; to sound (i) vith to beg; to ask (i) vlag see vlag, vlag (pursue (?)) vlag, pursue (?) vlag see vlã, blã crush see vlã to choose, to select, to hold, to go (ix) vç1see cover vç2see choose vç to cover; to conceal (i) vç to cover, to conceal (x) vç to choose; to solicit; to cover; to surround; to restrain; deri. vçta, vari(rã)tum, vçtvà (v) vç to serve; to worship (ix) vé to choose; to select; deri. varõa, vårtvà (ix) vrad, weaken vrand see vràdh stir up see vraj see proceed vraj to clear the way, to go (x) vraj to go (i) vran see sound (?) vraõ to wound, to hurt (x) vraõ to sound (i) vrand see vrad, vrand (weaken) vra÷c cut up see vra÷c to cut, to tear, to wound; deri. vçkõa, vra÷citum or vraùñum, vra÷citvà (vi) vçc to abandon, to exclude (vii) vçdh grow see vçdh to incrase, to grow, to continue, to become joyful (i) vçh, tear bçh2see vçh to work, to labour (vi) vrã to choose, to select, to hold, to go; deri. vrãõa, vretum, vrãtvà (ix) vrã to choose (iv) vrãó see be abashed vrãó to throw, to be ashamed (iv) vçj see twist vçj to avoid (vii) vçj to avoid (i) vçj to avoid, to abandon (ii) vçj to avoid (x) vçk to accept; to seize (i) vçkù to cover (i) vçüh to speak, to shine (x) vçõ to please, to gratify (vi) vçõh, roar bçõh see vçù see rain vçù to have the power of production (x) vçù to rain, to sprinkle, to kill, to afflict, to give pain (i) vç÷ to choose, to like (iv) vçt see turn vçt to choose, to like (iv) vçt to be; to happen; to be presen; to act; to tend to; deri. vçtta, vatiüta, vartitvà, vçtvà (i) vçt, to speak, to shine (x) vçdh vruó see sink vruó to cover, to heap (vi) vuïg to abandon, to leave (i) vuõñ, to kill (x) vundh, vuù vus to divide (iv) vyà, envelop vã2see vyac, extend vic2see vyac to deceive, to defraud (vi) vyadh, pierce vidh2see vyadh to strike, to hurt, to stab, to pierce; deri. viddha, vidhdvà (iv) vyaj see vãj, vyaj (fan) vyath waver see vyath to be vexed, to fear, to become dry (i) vyay expend see vyay to expend (x) vyay to go, to move (i) vye to cover, to veil; deri. vàta, vyeya, vyàtum, saüvyàya, parivyàya (i) vyuù to divide, to burn (in the last sense avyoùãt) (iv) yà see go yà to go; to attend to; to go or pass away; to attempt; to perceive (ii) yabh futuere see yabh to cohabit; deri. yiyapsate, yabdha, yabdhvà, yarbdhum (i) yach see yam, yach (reach) yàc see ask yàc to beg, to ask, to solicit (i) yàd see unite (?) yah see ('of questionable meaning') yaj see offer yaj to make an oblation to a deity, to associate with, to sacrifice, to worship, to give; deri. iùña, yaùñavya, yàjya, yaùñum, samijya, iùñvà (i) yakù press on (?) see yakù to honour (x) yam, reach yach see yam to check, to stop; deri. yata, yamya, yantum, yatvà, niyamya or niyatya, yacchatmàna, yemivas-yemàna (i) yam to cover, to surround (x) yantr to restrain, to bind (x) yas, yeù be heated see yas to strive, to endeavour, to labour; deri. yasta, yasitum; yasitvà or yastvà (iv) yas to endeavour; deri. yasta, yàsya, yasitvà (i) yat see stretch yat to torture, to encourage (x) yat to strive after, to be watchful; deriv. yatta, yatitavya (i) yauñ, to bind (i) yauó yeù see yas, yeù (be heated) yeù to try, to attempt (i) yu1see unite yu2, separate yuch see yu to censure, to despise (x) yu to mix; to join; to separate; deri. yuta, yavya, yutvà, yuyuvas (ii) yu to bind; deri. yuta, yotum, yutvà (ix) yucch to err, to be negligent (i) yuch see yu2, yuch (separate) yudh fight see yudh to fight, to contend with; deri. yuddha; yoddhum; yuddhvà (iv) yuj see join yuj to bind, to restrain (x) yuj to unite, to bind, to yoke; deri. yukta (i) yuj to meditate, to curb one's mind, to concentrate the mind; deri. yukta; yogya or yojya; yoktum; yuktvà (iv) yuj to join, to unite, to apply, to use, to meditate, to concentrate the mind, to prepare, to grant, to intend (vii) yuïg to abandon, to desert (i) yup see obstruct yup to confuse; deri. yupta; yupitvà (iv) yuù to injure, hurt or kill (i) yuù to serve (x) yut to shine (i)