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Mathimatika Kateythynsis G' 4
Mathimatika Kateythynsis G' 4
1. ,
.
2.
.
3.
.
4.
.
5. .
122.
: -
0dx = c, c R
v
x dx =
x v +1
+ c, c R
v +1
xdx = x + c, c R
1
x
dx = An x + c, c R
cdx = cx + c1
1
1
dx = + c, c R
x
x2
x
x
e dx = e + c, c R
xdx = x + c, c R
1
dx = x + c, c R
2 x
1
x
dx = 2 x + c, c R
1
dx = x + c, c R
2 x
x
dx =
x
+ c, c R
An
: f , x F ( x ) = f ( t ) dt
x
f , F' ( x ) = f ( x ) f ( t ) dt = f ( x ) .
x
F ( x ) .
(....)
F ( x ) f f , :
f ( x ) dx = F ( ) F ( ) = [F ( x )]
1.. f [, ] f ( x ) 0
Cf ( f) xx x = , x =
( ) = f ( x ) dx
( x, y ) x
0 y f ( x ) .
. f [, ] f ( x ) 0
x [, ]
C f xx x = , x =
( ) = [f ( x )] dx .
123.
( ) :
( x, y ) x f ( x ) y 0 .
. f [, ]
Cf x = , x = xx
( ) = f ( x ) dx .
( ) = (1 ) + ( 2 ) + (3 ) =
1
2
= f ( x ) dx + ( f ( x )) dx + f ( x ) dx
2.
f, g [, ] x = , x = ( ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) dx .
:
. f ( x ) g ( x ) , x [, ]
( ) = [f ( x ) g ( x )] dx
. f ( x ) g ( x ) , x [, ]
( ) = [g ( x ) f ( x )] dx
. f ( x ) g ( x )
( ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) dx .
( ) = (1 ) + ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) =
(f ( x ) g ( x )) dx + (g ( x ) f ( x )) dx + (f ( x ) g ( x )) dx
124.
f . F
f , :
x
G ( x)
F ( x) c ,
c R,
f
x G f
F ( x) c ,
G ( x)
c R.
x G ( x) F ( x) c , c R,
f , :
G c( x)
( F ( x) c) c
F c( x)
f ( x) , x .
x G f . x
F c( x) f ( x) G c( x) f ( x) ,
G c( x)
F c( x) , x .
, , c ,
G ( x) F ( x) c , x .
2
f ( x) t 0 f , , , :
f ( x)dx
f ( x)dx f ( x)dx .
125.
:
( )
(1 ) ( 2 )
(1 )
f ( x)dx ,
( 2 )
f ( x)dx
( )
f ( x)dx .
3 f
,
F ( x)
f (t )dt , x ,
f . :
x f (t )dt
a
f ( x) ,
x .
(.
) :
F ( x h) F ( x )
xh
f (t )dt
.
| f ( x) h , h ! 0 .
, h ! 0
F ( x h) F ( x )
| f ( x) ,
h
F c( x)
lim
ho0
F ( x h) F ( x )
h
f ( x)
126.
g(x)
f ( t )dt
f ( g( x )) g c( x ) , -
F(x)
F g x
g(x)
f ( t )dt
f ( g( x )) g c( x ) .
f [, ] .
G f [, ] ,
f (t )dt
G ( ) G ( )
F ( x)
f (t )dt f [, ] . -
G f [, ] , c R , :
G ( x)
(1)
F ( x) c
(1), x , :
G ( )
F ( ) c
f (t )dt c
c , c
G ( x)
(2), x
F ( x ) G ( )
, :
G( )
G ( ) . ,
F ( ) G ( )
f (t )dt
f (t )dt G ( )
G ( ) G ( ) .
(2)
127.
, , f g, [, ] f ( x) t g ( x) t 0 x [, ]
f , g
x x .
E ( )
( f ( x) g ( x))dx .
y
y=f (x)
y=g(x)
1
2
x
()
()
( )
(1 ) ( 2 )
, E ( )
7
f ( x)dx g ( x)dx
( f ( x) g ( x))dx .
( f ( x) g ( x))dx .
, , f g, [, ] f ( x) t g ( x) x [, ]
f , g
x x .
E ( )
( f ( x) g ( x))dx .
, f , g [, ] , c R * :
f ( x) c t g ( x) c t 0 , x [, ] .
128.
129.
130.
.
3.1-3.2
-
-
3.4-3.5
-
f ( t ) dt
. 316, :1iv,vi,vii,2iv,v3 ( )
. 317 : 3,4,7
. 308, :6 ( )
. 308-309, : 2,3 ( )
. 339, : 8,9
. 340, : 11,12
. 352, : 1,4
. 339, :3,5,6
3.6
-
-
. 349, : 3,4 ( )
. 349-351, :
1,2,5,9,12 ( )
. 352, : 5,6
. 353 : 8,9
. 353 10
. 354-359
.
18o
:
1-4
19
:
1-8
20
2, 3, 7
1-4
:
:
131.
1.
f (0, + )
(1)
f (1) = 1
(2) f ( x ) = 1 , x > 0
x
:
1
x
(*)
(*)
f (1) = 1 An1 + c = 1 c = 1
f ( x ) = Anx + 1, x > 0
2. f ( x ) = Axnx ,
2
x > 0 . , \
g ( x ) = Anx + , x > 0 ()
x
f (0, + ) .
:
g f
g ( x ) = f ( x )
(0, + )
x > 0 ,
Anx Anx
= 2 Anx = Anx
x2
x
. (, ) = (1, 1)
= 0
= 1
132.
3..
A, B \
2x
A
B
=
+
, x \ {1, 2} .
x 2 3x + 2 x 1 x 2
. :
2x
dx .
3x + 2
:
.
2x
A
B
=
+
, x \ {1, 2}
x 3x + 2 x 1 x 2
2
2x = A ( x 2 ) + B ( x 1) , x \ {1, 2}
2x = ( A + B ) x 2A B , x \ {1, 2}
A + B = 2
A = 2
2A B = 0
B = 4
)
2x
4
1
1
2
+
dx =
dx + 4
dx =
dx = 2
x 1
x2
3x + 2
x 1 x 2
= 2An x 1 + 4An x 2 + c
4.
f : (0, + ) \ :
(1) f (1) = 2
(2) xf ( x ) + f ( x ) = 2x , x>0
. B f.
. Y :
f ( x ) dx
:
. x>0, xf ( x ) + f ( x ) = 2x (f ( x ) x ) = 2x f ( x ) x = 2xdx = x 2 + c ,
x>0 f ( x ) =
f ( x ) =
.
x2 + c
, x > 0 (*) f (1) = 2 1 + c = 2 c = 1 .
x
x2 +1
,x > 0
x
f ( x ) dx =
x2 + 1
1
1
dx = x + dx = x 2 + Anx + c
x
x
2
133.
5.
:
f : (0, + ) \ ( 0, + )
f ( x ) e dx = x
x
+ c, c \
x
. : I = e f ( x ) dx
. f.
:
x
x
x
. I = e f ( x ) dx = e f ( x ) e f ( x ) dx = e x f ( x ) ( x x + c ) =
= ex f ( x ) x x c
.
f ( x ) e dx = x
x
+ c , f ( x ) e x = ( x x + c ) , x > 0, .
6. f R. F
f R, :
f (x + ) dx = F (x + ) + c,
:
F f R
f ( x ) dx = F ( x ) + c
(1) :
x + = t
(1)
1
1
1
1
f
t
dt
=
= F ( t ) + c = F (x + ) + c
f
t
dt
(
)
(
)
dx = dt
f (x + ) dx =
7.
f : \ \ :
1, x (0,1]
f ( Anx ) =
x, x (1, + )
:
Anx = t :
1, t 0
f (t ) = t
e , t > 0
t + c1 , t 0
, : f ( t ) =
t
e +c 2 , t > 0
134.
f : lim f ( t ) = lim f ( t )
t 0
t 0+
. 1 + c 2 = c1
x + 1 + c2 , x 0
, x
x>0
e +c2 ,
: f ( x ) =
.
8.. : (1 x ) e x dx
. f : \ \ :
1 x
, x \
ex
+
f (x ) =
y = 2
:
.
(1 x ) e
x
x
dx = ( x 1) (e x )dx = ( x 1) e e dx =
= ( x 1) e x + e x + c = xe x + c, c \
. f ( x ) =
1 x
= (1 x ) e x , x \ f ( x ) =
ex
(1 x )e
dx = x e x +c ,
x \ (*)
c f + y = 2 .
:
lim f ( x ) = 2 lim ( xe x + c ) = 2
(*)
x +
x
lim x
x + e
x +
L Hospital
1
+c = 2 0+c = 2 c = 2
+ c = 2 lim
x + e x
f ( x ) = x e x + 2, x \
9. :
2
6 x
2 x
dx
dx =
0
2x
2x
6
:
:
2
2 x 2 x
6 x
2 x
dx
dx = 6
dx =
0 2x
0
2x
2x
135.
6
2x
dx = dx =
0
2x
6
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx
. : I = 0 2
x
dx
x + x
. :
f ( x ) dx = f ( t )( dt ) = f ( t ) dt = o f ( t ) dt
. :
x
x
I= 2
dx = 2
dx
0 x + x
0
x + x
2
x =t
x
dx = (1)
x + x
(1)
2
2I = I + I = 0
x
x
dx + 2
dx
0 x + x
x + x
x + x
dx = 2 dx = I =
0
x + x
2
4
11. f [1,2].
Cf (1,2) (2,1)
:
x ( 2f ( x ) + xf ( x )) dx
2
:
A (1, 2 ) c f f (1) = 2 , B ( 2,1) c f f ( 2 ) = 1
x ( 2f ( x ) + xf ( x )) dx = (2xf ( x ) + x f ( x )) dx
2
2
= ( x 2 f ( x )) dx = x 2 f ( x ) =
1
136.
= 22 f ( 2 ) 12 f (1) = 4f ( 2 ) f (1) = 4 1 2 = 2
12.
f R. :
f : \ \ F -
( x t ) f ( t ) dt =x F ( x )
x
x\ ,
f .
:
:
x f ( t ) dt t f ( t ) dt =x F ( x ) , x \
0
0
x
f ( t ) dt + x f ( x ) xf ( x ) = 1 f ( x ) ,
x
f ( t ) dt = 1 f ( x )
x
x\
(1), x \
:
x \ , f ( x ) = f ( x ) f ( x ) + f ( x ) = 0
e x ( f ( x ) + f ( x )) = 0 e x f ( x ) = 0
e x f (x ) = c f (x ) =
c
ex
(2)
(2 )
(1) x = 0 : f (0 ) = 1 c = 1
. (2) f : f ( x ) =
1
= e x , x \
ex
13. f R :
(1) f ( x ) 0 , x \
(2) f ( 0 ) = 0
f (x )
u 2 du + e x 1 = 0 .
:
f (x )
g ( x ) = 0
u 2 du + e x 1 , x \
137.
g (0 ) =
f (0 )
(2 )
u 2 du = u 2 du = 0
0
. g 0.
x \ , g ( x ) = f 2 ( x ) f ( x ) + eNx > 0
N N
0 0 >0
g . 0 g .
14.
< f : [ , ] \
I = f ( x ) dx 0 . : (, ) = f ( x ) dx = I
I
v
v N* {1}
:
g ( x ) =
:
1
f ( t ) dt v I
x
, x [ , ] -
g [, ]
1
g ( ) = I
v
g ( ) =
f ( t ) dt
1 .
1
I = I I
v
v
1 21
1
1
1 1
O g ( ) g ( ) = I I I = I 2 + 2 I 2 = I 1 < 0
v
v
v
v
v v
<0
1
. Blzano (, ) : g ( ) = 0 f ( t ) dt = I
v
15.
f : [, ] \ -
[,].
:
f ( )
f )
f ( x ) dx = (
tdt
f ( f 1 ( t ))
138.
:
1
/ f ( t ) = u t = f ( u ) dt = f ( u ) du .
f ( )
f )
tdt
f ( f ( t ))
=
f (u )
f ( u ) du =
f (u )
16.
f ( u ) du
f : \ \ :
2
t
x \ , f ( x ) = x + 0 e f ( x t ) dt .
x
:
/ x t = u du = dt
x \ , f ( x ) = x 2 e u x f ( u ) du
0
2
u
x
x \ , f ( x ) = x + e 0 e f ( u ) du
x
x
x
2
u
. x \ , e f ( x ) = e x + 0 e f ( u ) du
x
, :
x \ ,
e x f ( x ) + e x f ( x ) = 2xe x + x 2 e x + e x f ( x )
e x f ( x ) = e x ( x 2 + 2x ) f ( x ) = ( x 2 + 2x )
f (x ) =
1 3
x + x2 + c
3
()
f ( 0 ) = 0 ()
1 3
2
c = 0 . f ( x ) = x + x , x \
3
17..
f : [, ] \
f , :
f ( )
f ( )
f ( x ) dx +
f 1 ( x ) dx = f ( ) f ( )
. : f ( x ) = x + 2x,
i. f .
0x
139.
ii. :
f ( x ) dx
1
:
. f 1 ( x ) = t x = f ( t ) dx = f ( t ) dt :
f ( )
f ( )
f 1 ( x ) dx = tf ( t ) dt = tf ( t )
f ( )
f ( )
f ( x ) dx +
f ( t ) d t = f ( ) f ( ) f ( t ) dt
f 1 ( x ) dx =f ( ) f ( )
[0, ]
ii. () f ( x ) = x + 2x , :
f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx = 2
0
(x + 2x ) dx + f ( x ) dx = 2
0
1
2
2
x + x 0 + f ( x ) dx = 2 ,
0
+ 2 + 1 + f 1 ( x ) dx = 22
0
18.
f ( x ) dx =
1
f : \ \ :
nx
f ( t ) dt x
2n
, x \ n N* {1}
: f (0 ) = 0
:
nx
: x \ , x 2n f ( t )dt x 2n
x
nx
g ( x ) = f ( t ) dt x 2n , x \
x
g R x \ ,
(1)
140.
g ( x ) = f ( x ) + n f ( nx ) 2nx 2n 1
(1) : x \ , g ( x ) 0 = g (0 ) 0
() g, (. Fermat)
g (0 ) = 0 f (0 ) + nf (0 ) = 0 f ( 0 ) ( n 1) = 0 f (0 ) = 0 , ( n 1 ).
19.
f : [0, c] \ (c > 0 ) f :
x [0,c] , x f ( x ) = f (c )
: (0, c ) : f ( ) = 0
:
x f ( x ) dx = c f ( c )
cf (c ) f ( x ) 0 = c f ( c ) f (c ) = f (0 )
. x f ( x )0 0 f ( x) dx = c f (c)
c
: f [o, c]
f (o, c )
f (0 ) = f (c )
. Rolle : (0, c ) : f ( ) = 0
20.
f : [0, ] \, ( > 0 ) f (0 ) = f (0 ) = 1
. C f 0.
. : f ( x ) x + 1, x [0, ] .
. :
f ( x ) dx >
0
:
. : y f (0 ) = f (0 )( x 0 ) .
y = x + 1 .
. f [0, ] . :
x [0, ] , f ( x ) x + 1
. ) :
f ( x ) dx
x2
2
( x + 1) dx = 2 + x = + >
2
141.
21.
f : \ \* :
f (x ) = 2 +
t
f (t )
dt , x \
i. f ( x ) > 0 , x \ .
ii. f.
:
i. :
f \
f x 0, x \
( )
f R f (1) = 2 + 1
t
dt = 2 + 0 = 2 > 0 ,
f (t )
: f ( x ) > 0 , x \
ii. : x \ ,
f (x ) =
1
1
x
1
1
f (x )f (x ) = x f 2 (x ) = x2 f 2 (x ) = x2 + c
2
2
2
2
f (x )
() x = 1 :
i)
1 2
1
1
1
3
f (1) = 1 + c 22 = + c c =
2
2
2
2
2
1 2
1
3
f (x ) = x2 + f 2 (x ) = x2 + 3
2
2
2
() : x \ ,
f ( x ) > 0 , x \ f ( x ) = x 2 + 3 .
22.. f [,] :
f ( x ) 0 , x [, ]
f ( x ) dx = 0
: f ( x ) = 0 , x [, ]
. R f :
1
0
f 2 ( x ) dx +
()
1
=
3
1
0
2xf ( x ) dx
: f ( x ) = x, x [0,1]
142.
:
. f [,]. f ( x ) 0 ,
x [, ] :
f ( x ) dx > 0
f ( x ) = 0 , x [, ] .
. f 2 ( x ) dx +
1
1
=
3
2xf ( x ) dx
(f ( x ) x )
1
1
1
2
dx = 0 . = 0 x dx
3
(f ( x ) x ) 0 , x [0,1] ) :
2
f ( x ) x = 0 , x [0,1] . f ( x ) = x , x [0,1] .
23. f ( x ) = 3x
+ 6x ( ) : y = ( 6 3 ) x , (0, 2 )
. Cf
x.
. ()
.
:
. f ( x ) = 0 3x 2 + 6x = 0 3x ( x 2 ) = 0 x = 0 x = 2
0 2 Cf
x . f :
:
2
( ) = f ( x ) dx = f ( x )dx = ( 3x 2 + 6x ) dx = x 3 + 3x 2 = 4..
. f ( x ) = (6 3 ) x 3x 2 + 3x = 0 x = 0 x =
0 Cf
(). f ( x ) (6 3 ) x = 3x 2 + 3x
.
143.
1 Cf ( )
3
3x 2
( 1 ) = f ( x ) (6 3 ) x dx = ( 3x + 3x )dx = x 3 +
=
2 0
2
0
0
( ) :
(1 ) =
24.
1
3 1
( )
= 4= 34
2
2 2
f ( x ) = xe x .
2
. (),
Cf , x = 1, x = , ( > 1) x.
. lim ( ) .
:
. f [1,] : f ( x ) > 0 ,
x [1, ] . :
1 2 1
1
1
1 2
() = f ( x ) dx = xe dx = ex = e + e1 = 2
2
2
2e 2e
2
1
1
1
1
1
. lim ( ) = lim 2
+
+ 2e
2e
25.
x2
1
1
1
1
lim 2 = 0 =
lim
= +
+
2e
2e
2e
2e
f ( x ) = 9 x 2 A nx
. () Cf ,
x x = 1 x = , ( > 1)
. (1,e ) : E () = 17
:
. f [1,] f ( x ) 0 ,
x [1, ] .
144.
1
= 3x 3 A nx 3x 3 dx = 3 3 A n 3x 2 dx =
1
x
1
1
= 3 3 A n x 3 = 3 3 A n 3 + 1
1
. :
g :
g ( ) = E ( ) 17 = 33 An 3 16, [1, e]
g [1, e] ,
3
3
3
g (1) g (e ) = ( 1 16 ) (3e e 16 ) = 17 ( 2e 16 ) < 0
g (1, e )
1
3 2 = 9 2 An > 0
(1, e ) : g ( ) = 0 ( ) 17 = 0 ( ) = 17
26.
: f : [0, ] \ f ( x ) = x + x, x [0, ]
. f .
. Cf Cf .
:
-1
. x ( 0, ) f ( x ) = x +1 > 0 , f
[0,] ( [0,]) 1-1 .
. f ,
f f 1 ( ) y = x , f ( x ) = x [0,].
: f ( x ) = f 1 ( x ) f ( x ) = x x = 0 x = 0 x =
( x [0, ] ) , f
f 1 , y = x , :
= 2 f ( x ) x dx = 2 x dx = 2 xdx ( x [0, ] , x 0 )
145.
= 2 ( + 0 ) = 4
27.
f R :
F ( x ) = xf ( t ) dt, x R
x
. (0,1) F( ) = 0 .
.
f ( t ) dt = f ( )
1
:
. F ( x ) = x f ( t ) dt, x R . F R
x
R f1 ( x ) = x f 2 ( x ) = f ( t ) dt .
x
[0,1] F (0 ) = 0, F (1) = 1 f ( t ) dt = 0
1
. x R : F( x ) = f ( t ) dt + xf ( x ) x = , :
x
F( ) = 0 f ( t ) dt + f ( ) = 0 f ( t ) dt = f ( )
28.
f ( 0, + ) f ( x ) =
f.
:
x tf ( t )
1
dt, x > 0
+
x 1 x2
x 2 f ( x ) tf ( t ) dt
x
1 1
f (x ) = + 2
x x
'
tf ( t ) dt
x
x tf ( t ) dt
1
= (Anx )
1
2
tf ( t ) dt = Anx + c
x
146.
1 1
tf ( t ) dt = xAnx . (1) f ( x ) = x + x
x
x = 1: 0 = c ,
29.
x2
f ( t ) dt x
x
xAnx =
1 1
+ Anx
x x
x , x R f
R. : (0,1) : f( ) = 0 .
:
f Rolle [0,1] f (0 ) = f (1) ( f
R).
:
x2
f ( t ) dt x
x
x2
+ x 0 f ( t ) dt + f ( t ) dt x 2 + x 0
x2
f ( t ) dt + f ( t ) dt x 2 + x 0
0
0
, x R
x
g(x )
x2
: g ( x ) = f ( t ) dt + f ( t ) dt x 2 + x 0, x R (1)
g (0) = 0 g (1) = 0 . (1) :
g ( x ) g (0 )
, x R
g ( x ) g (1)
g x1 = 0 x 2 = 0 . Fermat g( 0 ) = 0 g(1) = 0 .
g( x ) = f ( x ) + 2xf ( x 2 ) 2x + 1 , x R . :
g( 0 ) = 0
f ( 0 ) + 1 = 0 f (0 ) = 1
g 1 = 0
f 1 + 2f 1 1 = 0 f 1 = 1
()
()
( )
( )
147.
1.
f f ( x ) =
Ant
dt, x > 0 . :
t +1
2
1
2 f ( x ) + f = (Anx ) , x > 0
x
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2.
f R f ( x ) > 0 f ( x ) + 0 tf ( t ) dt = 1 (1) :
x
i. N f R.
iii. :
lim
x + 0
te t
/2
ii. f.
dt = 1
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148.
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3.
f ( t ) dt = 4x 3
x
(1)
(1) (0,3).
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4.
g ( x ) =
x +1
f ( t ) dt f
( 0, + ) . g ( 0, + ) .
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5.
x2
:
f ( x ) = xe 2
xx C f .
C f ,
149.
, yy x = , > 0 .
+ .
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6.
f : R R ,
(x,f (x ))
2x 4 Cf yy 3. :
. Cf Cf xx.
. Cf .
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7. f, g [,].
f ( x ) < g ( x )
x (, ) f ( ) = g ( ) , f ( ) = g ( ) , x = x 0 x 0 (, ) , Cf Cg (
).
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150.
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8.
f.
x
F (x ) = f (t ) dt
1
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9. f [0,1], :
.
2xf ( x 2 ) dx = f ( x ) dx
1
. (0,1) : 2f ( 2 ) = f ( )
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10.
f [0,1]
f (x ) dx = 1 .
151.
f (x) = x +
1
[0,1].
2
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11. f R e +
x
f (t ) dt 2 x 1 x R . -
Cf .
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12. :
f (x ) =
1
2 + x2
. .
. :
Aim
x + +1
x + x +
f (t ) dt, > 0
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152.
1
. G f [,],
f (t )dt = G() G( )
( 6)
1. , , ,
1 6 .
xf (t )dt
1. xf (x )
2. f (t )dt + xf (x )
(t + 1)dt
1x
x2
x2
3. 2x(x 2 + 1)
1
dt
t2
4.
5. 1
1
dt
2t
2x(x 2 + 1)
6. x
( 10)
153.
2. () ().
. f (x ) > 0 , x [, ] f (x )dx = 0 , =
( 5)
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20
. f,
f ;
154.
( 12)
. :
4 x
dx
2 x
( 13)
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30
x+2
. : xAim
+
Ant
dt
t
. :
7
. f (x )dx
2
. f (x )dx
2
( 10)
155.
. (f (x ) 2 )dx
2
. (f (x ) 2 )dx + (2 f (x ))dx
. (f (x ) 2)dx
2
( 15)
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40
N'(t ) = 20 +
20(t + 1)
, t 0
t + 2t + 2
2
.
1. 6 ,
10 .
( 10)
2.
3 .
( 15)
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- /
: ,
(20)
:
.
.
.
.
.
.