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Mathimatika G Lykieoy
Mathimatika G Lykieoy
Mathimatika G Lykieoy
9
vi
fi = fi % = 100 fi
v
:
0 fi 1, i = 1, 2, ...,
f1 + f2 + +fk = 1
i = 1 + 2 + +i, vi = Ni Ni
Fi = f1 + f2 + +fi, fi = Fi Fi
9 Y
360
i = vi = 360fi
v
9
R
c = ,
R: :
1. ( )
1
x = t i ( )
1
x = x i i = x i f i ( xi i)
O
xi, i i .
y y = x + , y = x +
Orbit Graphic Design & Advertising
. 210 3840020
2.
x=
x i w i w x .
i
i
wi
, , .
3.
:
.
4.
.
.
9
1. (R)
.
2. (s2)
s2 =
2
1
(t i x ) ( )
( t i ) 2 s 2 = x i2 x 2
1
t i2
:
s2 =
( x i i ) 2
1
x i2 i
: xi i .
s2 =
1
xi x
s2 =
3. (s)
s = s2
:
i) 68% x - s , x + s
(
)
ii) To 95% (
x - 2s , x + 2s )
iii) To 99,7% (
x - 3s , x + 3s )
iv) To , R 6s
2
4. (c)
s
c =
, x 0
( )
x
c 10% .
y = + x :
S 2y = 2S 2x S y = S
5.
x iy i ( x i )( y i )
x
y=
+
x ,
:
, = y
=
2
x i2 ( x i )
A B, , .
9
" ,"
( )
" , " ( )
" ,"
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
" "
N(A)
P(A) = ( )
N()
P() = 1
P() = 0
0 P(A) 1
= {1, 2, , } . {i}
P(i) :
0 P( i ) 1
P( 1) + P( 2 ) +... +P( ) = 1
P(i) {i}.
= {1, 2, , }
P(A) = P(1) + P(2) + + P().
P() = 0
: P() = 1
, , P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
.
P(A) = 1 P(A)
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
P(A) P(B)
P(A B) = P(A) P(A B)
= 4 + , = 0, 1, 2, 3 :
1,
i,
iv =
1,
i,
= 0
= 1
= 2
= 3
z1 = + i z2 = + i :
z1 = z 2 =
z1 = 0 = 0
=0
z1 + z2 = ( + ) + ( + )i
z1 z 2 = ( ) + ( )i
z1 z2 = ( ) + ( + )i
z1 +
i
= 2
+
z2
+ 2 2 + 2
z = + i z = i :
z + z = 2
z z = 2i
z = + i :
z
z =z
z z = z
z = + i :
z =
2 + 2
z1 z2 = z1 z2
z = z
z = z = z
z1
z
= 1 ,
z2
z2
z2 0
z1 z 2
z1 + z 2
= zz
z1 +
z :
z z0 = , > 0 (zo) .
z :
z z1 = z z 2 (z1) (z2)
:
= z
z = + i = ( + i)
= , = ( z).
z1 = 1(1 + i1)
z 2 = 2( 2 + i 2) , :
z1 = z 2 1 = 2 1 2 = 2,
z1 z2 = 1 2 [ ( 1 + 2 ) + i( 1 + 2 )
z1
= 1 [ (1 2 ) + i(1 2 ) ]
z2 2
z = ( + i)
, :
z = [ () + i() ]
z = ( + i) ( + i)
:
z =
2 +
2 +
+ i
,
= 0,1,2,..., - 1
z0 = + i , z0 = i .
9
f g .
f
f + g, f g, f g A B A B g
x g(x) = 0.
:
(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
f(x)
f
(x) =
g(x)
g
f, g , , f g, gof
(gof)(x) = g ( f(x) )
A1 = { x / f(x) }
f 1-1 , :
f 1(f(x)) = x
9 x
f ( f 1(y) ) = y
x x0
x x0
x x0
h 0
lim x = x 0 lim c = c
x x0
x x 0
lim x = x 0 lim x = x 0
x x0
x x0
x
lim
=1
x 0 x
li m x 1 = 0
x
x 0
9
f, g, h :
f(x) = l
h(x) f(x) g(x) x0 lim h(x) = lim g(x) = A xlim
x
x x0
x x0
9
lim 1 = 0,
x
+,
lim x =
lim 1 = 0
x
x x
lim x = +
x +
x +
A P(x) = x + 1x 1 + .... + 1x + 0,
Q(x) = x + 1x
+ .... + 1x + 0,
x +
x +
x
P(x)
lim
= lim
x + Q(x)
x + x
0,
x
P(x)
= lim
lim
x Q(x)
x x
> 1,
lim x = +
lim x = 0
x +
lim log x = +
x +
lim l og
x 0 +
x =
0 < < 1,
lim x = 0
x +
lim log x =
x +
lim x = +
lim log x = +
x 0 +
f x0 A. :
lim f(x) = f(x 0 ) f x0.
x x0
Bolzano
f [, ].
f [, ]
f() f() < 0,
, x0 (, ) , f(x0) = 0.
f [, ].
f [, ]
f() f(),
n f() f() , x0 (, )
f(x0) = n
f [, ], x1, x2 [, ] m = f(x1) M = f(x2), :
m f(x) M, x [, ].
1. = [, ]
. f A f(A) = [f(),f()]
. f A f(A) = [f(),f()]
2. = (, )
(x
(x
. f A
. f
)
)
9
f x0 A.
f(x) f(x 0 )
f x0 A lim
x x0
x x0
, :
f(x) f(x 0 )
x x0
Cf (x0, f(x0)) :
y f(x0) = f(x0)(x x0)
x0 , .
f(x 0 ) = lim
x x0
9
( c ) = 0
(x ) = x 1,
(x) = 1
{0,1}
1 , x (0, +)
2 x
(x) = x
(x) = x
x ) =
(ln x) = 1, x > 0
x
(e x ) = e x
(x ) = x 1,
( x ) = x ln, > 0, x
( f (x) )
= f 1(x) f (x)
1 f (x)
2 f(x)
( f(x) ) = f(x) f (x)
( f(x) ) =
f(x)
f :
[, ]
(, ),
, (, ) :
f() =
f() f()
Rolle
f :
[, ]
(, )
f() = f()
, (, )
8
f() = 0
f :
f(x) = 0 ,
f .
f, g :
f, g
f(x) = g(x) ,
c
f(x) = g(x) + c
f, .
f(x) > 0 , f .
f(x) < 0 , f .
Fermat
f x0
. f x0
f~(x0) = 0.
f
.
f(x) > 0 x , f .
f(x) < 0 x , f .
9 A
y = x + f + ,
lim
f(x)
=
x
lim
f(x)
=
x
x +
lim [f(x) x] =
x +
:
x
lim [f(x) x] =
9 K de L~ Hospital
lim f(x) = 0,
x x0
lim g(x) = 0,
x x0
lim
x x0
lim f(x) = +,
x x0
x0
f (x)
f(x)
= lim
g(x) x x 0 g(x)
lim g(x) = +, x 0
x x0
lim
x x0
f (x)
{ , +} xlim
:
x 0 g(x)
f (x)
{, +} xlim
:
x 0 g(x)
f (x)
f(x)
= lim
g(x) x x 0 g(x)
+ , ,
+
Orbit Graphic Design & Advertising
. 210 3840020
9
f (x)dx = f(x) + c,
0dx = c
1dx
1 dx = ln x + c,
x
x 0
= x +c
+1
x dx = x
+ c, 1
+1
xdx = x + c
xdx = x + c
1 dx = x + c
2 x
12 dx = x + c
x
e x dx = e x + c
x
x dx = + c
ln
f(x)d(x) = f(x)d(x)
f(x)g(x)dx = f(x)g(x) f (x)g(x )d x
f ( g(x) )g(x)dx = f(u )du
u = g(x)
du = g~(x)dx
f(x)dx = f( x)dx
f(x)dx = 0
f(x) 0
f(x)dx
f(x)dx = f(x)dx
f [, ], f(x) 0 x [, ]
f , :
10
f(x)dx
>0
f , , , :
f(x)dx
9 H
F(x) =
f(x)dx + f(x)dx
f(t)dt
f ,
x
F(x) = f(t)dt, x
f .
F(x) =
f(t)dt
) = f(x)
F f [, ] :
f(x)dx
= F() F()
9 O
f(x)g(x)dx = [ f(x)g(x) ]
f (x)g(x)dx
9 O
f ( g(x) ) g(x)dx =
u2
f(u)du
9
f [, ], , ,
(, ) ,
f(x)dx
= f()( )
9 E
f f [, ].
f x~x x =
x = :
E=
f(x) dx
f, g [, ]. f, g x =
x = :
E=
f(x) g(x) dx
11