:

[ (,
). , :

cm = R , cm = R

[
.
.

[ ,

Steiner.

.

[
dL
=
dt

.

[ :
1 2
I , W = =
2
.. ....
=

8 2 .

MH : -

d
dt

cm=R

acm= R

=F A

=F d

I :

Fx = 0

Fy = 0

= 0

=m 1r12+m2r22+...

Steiner:

=cm+d2

L=pr=mr
L=I

dL
dt

1 2
= I
2

1
1 2
2
= Mcm + I
2
2

W=

I :

 8 3 .

, :
cm=.R cm=.R

cm ,
. dx

dx
dt
ds :
cm =

dt :

ds
dt
dx = ds. : = cm
= R :
cm = = R .
=

cm = R
2

dcm d
=
R cm=.R
dt
dt

() , ().

8 4 .

() .
:
= 1 + 2
G G G

= 1 + 2 1 = F d1
= F d
2
2
= F d1 + F d 2 = F (d1 + d 2 ) = F d

:
L=

yy
G
.
G

G
(=.r), .
, , L1 = m1r12 ,

L2 = m 2 r22 ,..., L = m r2

:
L = L1 + L 2 + ... + L L = m1r12 + m 2 r22 + ... + m r2

L = ( m1r12 + m 2 r22 + ... + m r2 )

A :

I = m1r12 + m 2 r22 + ... + m r2 .

L = I

 8 5 .

,
, L= :
dL d ( I )
d
dL
=
=I

= I
dt
dt
dt
dt

= , :

dL
dt

m, , ( ) m1, m2, , r1, r2, ,

G G
1 , 2 ,... ,
:

1 = r1 , 2 = r2 ,.... (1)

:
(1)
1
1
1
1
2
2
K = m1 12 + m 2 22 + ... = m1 (r1 ) + m 2 (r2 ) + ...
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
K = m12 r12 + m 2 2 r22 + ... K = ( m1r12 + m 2 r22 + ...) 2
2
2
2

m1r12 + m2 r22 + ... = I

:
, (2) :

(2)

1
K = 2
2

:
W=

8 6 .

G
F
( ) r .
,

.
,
d, :
dW = F ds (1)
ds
.

ds = r d ( d rad)

(1) :
:

dW = F r d (2)

Fr =

(2) :

(3)
dW = d
,
d1 ,d2 ,..., :
(3)

W = dW1 + dW2 + ... W = 1 d1 + 2 d2 + ...

(4)

, (4) :
W = ( d1 + d2 + ...) W =

:
=

dW = d :

dW
d
=
dt
dt

d
= . :
dt

P =

dW
= P
dt

 8 7 .

.
2003.
:
:

4.3, 4.7, 4.11, 4.15, 4.19, 4.20, 4.22, 4.25,

4.27, 4.29, 4.30
4.32, 4.36, 4.42, 4.45, 4.49, 4.54, 4.55, 4.56, 4.58,
4.59, 4.60, 4.62, 4.63, 4.66, 4.67, 4.68, 4.69

. :

& /

8:
:
:
:
:

3.2, 3.3, 3.4

2, 6, 8, 10
3.2, 3.3, 3.5
. 139

9:
:
:
:
:

3.5, 3.6, 3.8

3, 4, 6, 11
3.11, 3.14, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21
. 162

10:
:
:
:
:

3.12, 3.15, 3.17

1, 2, 7
3.25, 3.27, 3.28, 3.29, 3.32, 3.35
. 179

8 8 .

11:
:
:
:
:

. :

3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21

2, 4, 6, 7, 10
3.35, 3.36, 3.38, 3.40
. 195

& / 2
( - )

2.

: 2.4, 2.5, 2.9, 2.11, 2.12, 2.24
: 1, 4, 7

: 2.32, 2.34, 2.35

3.
-
: 3.4, 3.7, 3.11, 3.17, 3.24
: 3, 5, 7, 9
: 3.34, 3.45, 3.46, 3.47,
4.
-
: 4.1, 4.7, 4.9, 4.16, 4.17
: 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12
5.

: 4.35, 4.36, 4.42, 4.44

-
: 5.1, 5.5, 5.10, 5.13, 5.27
: 3, 4, 5, 9, 10

6.

: 5.37, 5.38, 5.39, 5.43

-
: 6.6, 6.7, 6.11, 6.16, 6.22
: 1, 4, 8, 10
: 6.37, 6.38, 6.39, 6.42, 6.45

 8 9 .

1. w=150

R/2

R ,
.
F
,

h=R/4;
:
:
w,
,
F1 .

F
R/2

R
A

R/2

,

=0.
() = 0 w x - F y = 0 (1)

K
w

R/2

3R
3R R 5R
-h =
- =
2
2 4
4
:
:

y=

R 7
4

(1) (2) (3) :

150

5R
R 7
-F
=0
4
4

: F> 30 7 N

F1
x

(2)

x = R 2 - ( R - h ) = R 2 - (3R/4 ) =

F= 30 7 N

(3)

9 0 .

2. m=2 kg

R = 10 10 cm , h=3 m
=30. .
.
,
. .
. cm ,
.
: g=10 m/s2

1
I cm = mR 2 .
2
:
.

N
cm

cm
wx

wy
w

w , :
w x =w w y =w
G
,
G
.
:

Fx = m cm w - T = m cm 10 - T = 2 cm (1)
:

(K) = .R=I. = 1 mR = 1 2R (2)

2

cm= .R

(3)

 9 1 .

(1) (2), :

10 - 2 cm = cm cm =

10
m/s 2
3

10

3

. : <
=w,

. (1) :

T =

10
3
<
< 10 3
3
9
. U=0,
, h, :

cm =R
1
1
1 1
1
2
2
mgh = I2 + mcm
mgh = mR 2 2 + m (R ) 4gh = 32 R 2
2
2
2 2
2

4gh 2
=
3R 2 R

gh
2
10 3 rad
rad
=
= 20
3 0,1 10
3
s
s

cm :

cm = R = 20 0,1 10

m
m
cm = 2 10
s
s

2
1
1
L=I.= mR 2 = 2 0,1 10 20 kg.m 2 / s = 2 kg.m 2 / s
2
2

3.

M = 3Kg K = 200 N m ,
.

1
I = MR 2 . x = 0, 3m
2
. :
.
.
.

.

9 2 .

.

.
.
.
:
.

K .
K .

1/ 2 2
1/ 2

2 R 2
2

M R
2
2

K .
K .

=2

. K . + K . = E o K . + K . = 1/ 2 x 2
(1)

K . + K . = 9 2K . + K . = 9
3K . = 9J

K = 3J, K . = 6J

. .. (1): F = 0
... (2):F = F (2)
: F. = cm T = F cm

(3)

1
: = R = R 2
2
1
2T
= R cm cm =
2 R
m
(3), (4) T = F

(4)

2T
F = 3T (5)

F
F
3
F = 2 / 3F F = 2 / 3x

(2), (5) F = T F F =

 9 3 .

2
3

...

D=

= 2

4.

3
= 2
T = 0,3s
2K / 3
2K

A = 3m m=1 kg,
z
l/3
2l/3
cm
A
B
,
z O
.
w
(),
A / 3 .
. N :
. (),
. 30,
,
. ,

;

I cm =

1
mA 2 .
12

:
. , Steiner:

l/3

A
I = Icm + m
6
1
1
= mA 2 + mA 2
12
36
1 2
I = mA = 1kg.m 2
9

A
z

l/6

z
30
cm

2l/3
h

. 30 , cm

9 4 .

1
A

: h = 30 = m
6
4
U=0 cm ,
30 , ,
:
U= mg

1 =

A 1 2
A 1 1
3 g
= I mg = mA 2 12 12 =
12 2
12 2 9
2 A

3 g
3 10 rad
rad
1 =

1 = 5
2 A
2 3 s
s

2A
2.3 m
m
= 5
=2 5
3
3 s
s

. ,

A
= 0,5m . , U=0
6

A
, :

U =

A 1
mg = I22
6 2
A 1 1
mg = mA 2 22
6 2 9

l/3

2l/3
B

l/6

cm

g
g
10 rad
22 = 3 2 = 3 = 3
A
3 s
A

2 = 10

rad
s

L=I.2= 10 kg.m 2 / s

L
= = 0
t

 9 5 .

5.

R=1m, m=2kg

,

R
.
0

mg
A

=0,5
0=100 rad/s, :
. .
.
.
. .
. .
=0,8 , =0,6 , cm=
.
:
.
:
G
w
G G
T1 , T2
G G
N1 , N 2 -

1
mR2, g =10m/s2
2

y
T2,y

N2,y
A

T2
T2,x
N2,x
N2
w
N1

T1

:
Fy= 0 (2)
Fx= 0 (1)
G G
N 2 , T2 .
2=2. (3)

2y=N2. (4)

2y=T2. (5) 2=2.

(6)

(1) (2) (3), (4), (5) (6) :

x
0

9 6 .
2+ 2 - 1=0

2. + 2. -1=0

2y+1-w - 2y=0
2. +1 - mg - N2. = 0
(=.) :
2 + 2 1=0 2 +1 mg N2 = 0
1=

N 2 (. + )
(7)

.2 - mg - N2 +

N 2 (. + )
=0

22 - mg - 2+2( + )=0
2(+ +2) = mg 2=
:
(7),(6) :

N2 =

1=
1=

m.g.
( +1)
2

40
N
3

(. + )
m.g.

( +1)
2

m.g.( + )
( 2 +1)

80
N
3
:
:

1=

1=1 1=

40
N
3

20
N
3

,
, :
2=2 2=

mR 2
mR
1 + T2 =

=. 1.R + T2.R =
2
2

40
20
N +
N =1kgm2. = 20rad/s2
3
3

 9 7 .

. = 20rad/s2 , :
=0 -t 0=100-20.t t=5s
. : = 0t : =
. W1=T1R=

40 . .
2
N 1m 250 rad= 104 J
3
3

6. l = 3 m

1 .2
t =250 rad
2

125
=
2

W2=T2R=

20
5
N 1m250 rad= 103 J
3
3

M = 4kg ,
4
,
,

.
m = 2kg
. (1)
.
. :
i. -
.
ii. - .
. , m
,
.
K = 100N / m .
i. .
ii. .
iii.
. cm =l2/12
:
.i. :

9 8 .

U=0

I = I + I m =

= I

1
15
l
Ml 2 + M + ml 2 l = kg m 2
12
8
2

l
Mg + mgl
30
2
=
=
= 16 rad / s
15
I
8

dL
dL
dL
=
= max .
dt
dt max
dt max
( 2) , .

ii. :

 9 9 .

1
m2
dL

= = Mg + mgl = 30kg 2
2
s
dt max

. i. 1 3 (U=0 3):
3l
1
1
+ mg2l = I 2 + g = 8 rad / s
2
2
2
m :
Mg

= l = 6m / s
ii. ... :
m = 2m = 3m / s
:

1
1
2m 2 = 2 = 0,6m
2
2
iii. O :

t=

T 1

= 2
2 2
2m

7. , -

t = 5 sec

(A)
r m, .
R

R
K
R=2,5 m ,
h
:
R
. h

.
.
.

; , h
;
.
.
2
I cm = mr 2 , g=10m/s2
5
r << R

100.

(A)

()

N
w
h

R
R

U=0
.
R - r R =2,5m.
, :
w .
:

N+w=

m 2
R

=0, :

w=

m 2
=5m/s
R

AME , () () (
) :
U (A) =U ()+() mgh=mg2R+

1
m 2 h=6,25m
2

.
(h=6,25m), , (
, ), :
U(A)=U()+()+ () mgh=mg2R+

1
1 2
I cm 2 + mcm
2
2

A = cm /r , :
gh=g2R+

7 2
cm  4,23m/s
10 cm

 101.

(=5m/s)
.
(A)

()
1

()

wy

wx d

h
R

U=0

.
,
-.
U(A)=U()+()+ () mgh=mgh+

1
1 2
Icm2+ m1
2
2

( ),
=0. : wy=

m12
m12
mg=
2 =gR
1
R
R

mgh=mg(R+R)+

h=R+d, d=R

12 2 2 1 2
mr + m1
25
2

r= 1 h=6,25m, : =0,86
: h=2,5+0,882,5 h= 4,7m
. ,
,

U(A)=U()+()+ ()
mg=mg2R+

1
1
12 2 2 1 2
r +
I cm 2+ m2 gH=g2R+
2
2
2
25

: =6,75m.

102.

8.
t=0 o .

. i.
.
ii.
.
. i. . (cm=f(t)) =f(t)).
ii. .
0, 0, , , g Icm .
:
. 0
F, F
.
F
0. F
0
A

T
0R
w

0.
, A=R+o .
.
:
, .
, .

.
, cm 1
.

 103.

. i. o.
,

( ). :
cm

0
1

t1

t2

t2

1
t =0 ,
1
cm
t2 (1=1R).
ii. ,

.
:

cm

0
1
0

t2

t1

t2

1
t1
t2 (u1=1R).

acm

.2.

104.

: T = cm g = M cm cm = g
: cm = o - cm t

(1)

(2)

= cm R = cm gR = cm =
= o - t

gR
cm

(3)

(4)

A=0.
(1), (2), (3) (4), :
R = cm ( - t 2 )R = (o - cm t 2 ) t 2 =

R - o
gR 2
- g
cm

! :
cm R

cm R

O
1
= t 2 - t 2 2
. :
2
(3).
: N =

9.
M=4kg R=20cm. T
t=0

F=20,
M
zz cm .
. :
i.
,
ii.

, 5s,

F
z

 105.

iii. 5s.
. t=5s . 0,5kg,
R/2 . :
i.

7s.
ii. o ;
:
I cm =

M R2
. .
2

:
.i. :
M R 2 4 (0, 2 )
=
kg m 2 Icm = 8 102 kg m 2
2
2

.
2

Icm =

= cm =

F.R
4
=
rad / s 2 = 50 rad / s 2
2
cm 8 10

ii. . 5s :
1 = t1 = 50 5rad / s 1 = 250 rad / s

, , , ( ) :

L = Icm 1 = 8 102 250kg m2 / s L = 20kg m2 / s

:

P = 1 = 4 250 J / s P1 = 1000 J / s

iii. :
K = W

1
1
1 = W W = cm 12 W = 8 102 2502 J W = 2500J
2
2
.i. ( 5s ):

106.

L1 = L 2 L1 = I 2 2 2 =
, :
2

I 2 = Icm

L1
I2
z

R
+ m
2

I 2 = 8 102 + 0,5 (0,1) kg m 2

2

R/2

I 2 = 8,5 102 kg m 2

:
z
20
rad
/
s
235rad
/
s
=
8,5 102
5s ,
,
2. , 7s
:
2 =

1
1
K 2 = I 2 22 = 8,5 102 2352 J K 2 = 2347 J
2
2
ii. ...
-=W 0-2347 J=W W=-2347 J

1. -

107.

w 1=200
l=1m.
.
R=0,2m w2=40. A

. :
. ,
. .

60

.
, 130;
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

108.

2. 0,5 m
F
.
R
2
2Kgm . F=20 , , .
t = 0, :
. t = 4s,
.
4,5m.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

3. R m ,
,
, .
.
R
. cm

.
.
1,2m

 109.

: I cm =

M R2
g=10 m/s2.
2

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

4. R=0,5m M=2kg 0=4rad/s, F=20N.

.
F
2s.
. 2s.
R
. T 2s.
I cm =

M R2
.
2

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

110.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

5. m=4kg

, =40kg, R=1m.
,
, =2rad/s.
0= 4m/s.
m

M
:
.
,
.
.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

6. =4kg =300 . -

111.

F =20N,

t=0, 10/
3 m/s2. o:
. .
. 4s.
. F 4s .

30o

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

7.

m1 = 3Kg m 2 = 1Kg
,
R=10cm =4Kg.
. :
. m1 m2,
M
R
.
2s
. g=10 m/s 2
.

1
I = MR 2
2

m1

m2

112.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

8. -

l m

O
.
. t=0

l
m
.
.
,
.
. ;
g=10 m/s2 l=2m, m=2kg

, :

I = ml

3
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

9.

113.

L=4 m, =3 kg
,
.
k

m2

, m1

m1=0,6 kg Z
.
A

m2=1 kg,
k=100 /m. A=2,8 m. N :
. - m1,

. .
m 2 ..., m 1
. :
. m2
1
.
. ,
.
g=10m/s2, cm: cm=

M L2
2

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

114.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

10.

m=1kg R=0,2m 0=20

rad/s
=0,25.
0

.
.
. :
ii. 0=4 m/s.
i. 0=2 m/s,
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

 115.

1
. R,
cm cm.
1. : =cm
2. : cm=.R
3. R cm.
4. cm.
;
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
. . :
1.
2.
3.
. :
1.
2.
3.
( 8)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
. , G
F . . ;

116.

1. (0, t1)
G
G
,
2. t>t1 WF<0,
3.
,
4. .

0
t1

( 7)

...........................................................................................................................
. =f(t) .
=f(t) ;

t1

t2

t 1 t2

t3 t

t3

t1

t2 t3

t1

t2

t3

( 5)

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2
. cm=.R.

( 5)
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. cm=0 =0. ;
( 7)

 117.

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. .
24h;
( 8)
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. .
(), () ;

l, m
()

()

( 5)
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3
mL2
,
12
yy 0=2 rad/s. T t=0 -

m=3kg, L= 2 m Icm =

F 20 ,
.

118.

L, m

y
0

. N =f(t) 0 s 4 s.
( 5)

. F 4 s,
( 8)
. 4 s.
( 7)
. .
( 5)
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 119.

4
m=1kg = 30o
h=1,8 m, . :
. .
( 5)
.
.
( 7)
. .
( 8)
. ,
.
( 5)
: g=10m/s2.
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