3 ,

:
.
,
,
.

, .
,
.
.

.

.
,
.
.
,
(k) .

.
, .
,
.
,
.

50.

,
, .
:
:
( )
:

, .
:

:

, .
:
:
: + + ,
t, :
1 []
1 [B] 1 [] 1 []
=-
=-
=
=
t
t
t
t

, .
1 .
:
: + + ,
t, :
1 d[]
1 d[B] 1 d[] 1 d[]
=-
=-
=
=
dt
dt
dt
dt

 -
1

51.

d[X], dt, .

.
:
:
.
.
,
.
.
.

.

.

:
, :
.
:
. .
. , ().
,
.
:
, :
, .
.
, , .
:
. : .
. : ,
.
. : , .
. : .

52.

. :
.
. :
, , , .
:
. :
.
. :
.
. : .
,
.
, .
:
. , 105 106 .
. , .
. pH , 50 C.
. .
:

, .
:
, : +
.
() ,
. :
:
+
( )
:
+
( )
1
+ +
( )
2
:
+
, .

 -
1

53.

:

, .
,
,
, . .
:
.
: + + .
: = k[A]x[B]
k:
.
[], []: , mol/L.
x, :
.
x, ,
.
x, , 0, 1, 2, ...,
.
,
.
(k):

.
1. :
1(x + ) s1, x, .
:
: x + .
: x.
B: .
x,
, . : x = a, = .
x, , .
: x a .
, .

54.

.
:
. 97: 27
. 98: 29, 30
. 99: 33, 35, 36
. 100: 40, 42

. 101: 43, 45, 46

. 102: 49, 50, 52
. 103: 53
. 104: 54, 55, 56

. 5 6
(
, )
:
(5 )
. 100: 1
. 101: 2
. 103: 3
. 104: 1
. 106: 3

(6 )
. 122: 1
. 123: 2
. 124: 3
. 125: 4
. 128: 4
. 129: 5
. 130: 7

:
(5 )
. 112: 3, 4
. 113: 5, 6, 8
. 114:

(6 )
. 135: 1, 2
. 136: 4, 5, 7
. 137: 8, 9, 11, 12
. 138: 13, 14
. 138:

 -
3

55.

1.

2 L 10 mol 4 mol ,
: 4(g) + B2(g) 2A2B(g).
10 s 2 mol .
. , 2 2 , 10 s
;
. 10 s;
. 10 s;
. 3
,
t .

:
. 10 s x mol .
,
10 s :

, 10 s, 2 mol , :
(10 4x)mol = 2 mol x = 2 mol
, , , A2B , 10 s
, :
n = 2 mol,
nB = (4 x)mol = 2 mol,
nA2B = 2x mol = 4 mol
. 10 s :

56.

[A]. =

[A]10 =

n A.
V

10mol
= 5mol / L 5
2L

n A10 2mol
=
= 1mol / L 1
V
2L

, 10 s, :
A =

([A]10 [A]. )
[A]
1 5
=
=
= 0,4M/s 0,4mol/L s
t
t
10s

.
, 10 s:

1 [] 1
1
= = 0, 4 M / s = 0,1M/s 0,1mol/L s
4 t
4
4

.
.
:
4 mol A 1 mol B2.
10 mol A x; mol B2.
x = 2,5 mol B.
H 4 mol,
.

:

1,5 mol 2 5 mol A2B.

. c = n/V :

 -
3

57.

: []. = 5, []. = 0
2: [2]. = 2, [2]. = 0,75
2: [2]. = 0, [2]. = 2,5

, 2, 2.

2.

3 ,
: 32 + 22 + 2 232, C.

. ;
. ;
. .
. , C.
:
. :
= k[A2]x[B2][2]

:
1:
2 106 = k 0,1x 0,2 0,1 (1)
2:
1,6 105 = k 0,1x 0,4 0,2 (2)
3:
1,62 104 = k 0,3x 0,2 0,3 (3)
4:
106/16 = k 0,05x 0,1 0,1 (4)
(1) (2) :

2 0, 2 0,1
1 1 1
1 1
=
= =
16 0, 4 0, 2
8 2 2
2 2

+ = 3 (5)

58.

(1) (4) :
x

2 106 0,1x 0, 2
0,1 0, 2
5
x +
=
32 =
x + = 5 (6)

2 =2
6

10
0,05 0,1
0,05 0,1
16
(1) (3) :
x

2
0,1x 0,1
1 1 1
1 1
=
= =
x

162 0,3 0,3

81 3 3
3 3

x +

x + = 4 (7)

(5), (6) (7) : x = 3, = 2, = 1

, : = k[2]3[2]2[2]
. : 3 + 2 + 1 = 6
.
, .
.
. 1 :
2 106 M/s = k(0,1M)3 (0,2M)2 0,1M k = 0,5M5s1

3.
: 2A(g) + 3B(g) (g).
, :
9 [], [].
3 [], [].
. ;
. , .
:
. , [] [].
: = k[A]x[B].

(1)

:
[]= 3[] []= [], = 9. : 9 = k[A]x(3[B]) (2)
[]= [] []= 3[], = 3. : 3 = k(3[A])x[B] (3)

 -
3

59.

(1) (2) :

1 1
=
3 = 9 = 2
9 3

(1) (3) :

1 1
=
3x = 3 x = 1
3 3x

: = k[][B]2
: x + = 1 + 2 = 3, 3 .
.
. ,
1 2.
:
(g) + 2 (g) AB 2(g)
1 :

2 :
A 2B (g) + A (g) + B (g) (g)
2 (g) + 3B (g) (g)

( )
( )
( )

60.

1.

: 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) 2NOCl(g),

:

. 20 min
5 min 10 min.
. NOCl
10 min .
. 1,2 , 20 min .
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
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 -
4

61.

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

2. 2 2 50% 2, 400 C :
2(g) + I2(g) 2H(g).
4/9 , .
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................

3.

SO2 2, : 2SO2 + O2 2SO3.

SO3 2,
8 .
:rS = 32, ArO = 16.

62.

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

4.

300
: 2(g) + 3(g) 23(g).
,
. . 10 C .
C,

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
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 -
4

63.

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

5. V (L) 2 2

: 2 + 22 22. 2 V (L)
2 2
2 2 2 2:3
.
9 , 2 2 .
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................

64.

6. 4L oC :
2(g) 2B(g) + (g), = 40 J.
To
. 4 104 M/s,
t1
104 /s 12 J.
.
.
.
.
. t1.
.
t1 t2.
. t2;
. ,
;
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................
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 -
4

65.

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

7.

1:2
: 2 + 2.

, 1/3 .
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................

66.

.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................

8. 23 :
23(g) NO2(g) + NO(g)
23 100 mmHg .
120 C. 75 s,
150 mmHg 150s 175 mmHg. 23
75 s 150 s.
: R = 0,082 Latm/molK.

.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
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.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
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 -
4

67.

9. 10 L A(s), 6,72 L S.T.P., :

(s) + 3B(g) 2(g), = 10 KJ
5 s 120 J
0,6 atm.
.
5 s;
. ;
. 5 s
;
. ;
.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................

68.

10. 4 mol , (g) 2(g)

20 L
, :
2(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)

40 s .
. ;
. (c - t)
(
, ).
. 40 s;
. .
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
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 -
5

69.

1
. ;
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
. ;
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
. 2 ;
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
. :
,
....................
.................... ....................
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
. Cl2 :
2NO(g) + Cl2(g) 2NOCl(g)

NO, Cl2 NOCl ;

70.

( 5)

................................................................................................................
2
. ;
.
. 1 mol L1.
. 2(g) + B(s) (g) 3 .
. .
Fe

. 2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) .

( 10)

................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
. 2 L 2 mol
, : 2(g) B(g).
100 s 0,8 mol .
.
( 10)

.................................................................................................................

 -
5

71.

.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
. :
. = []
. = k[][]
. = k
. = k[A]x[B]
( 5)

.................................................................................................................
3
. g 200 mL Cl 2M,
: g(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g).
N
:
. g .
. Cl g.
. 200 mL 400 mL Cl 2 M.
. 200 mL Cl 2,5 M.
. HCl 0,2 mol KOH g.
( 10)

................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
. (g) + 2B(g) AB2(g),
:

72.

. .
. .
( 10)
...........................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................
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.
10 C.
16 ;
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
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 -
5

73.

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...........................................................................................................................
4
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g), oC :

. .
. SO2 O2 oC
5 L 16 102 M/s:
1. N .
2. , .
: rS = 32, ArO = 16.
...........................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................
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74.

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