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(B) (Lukeiou) Algebra Kefalaio 1 - Theoria-Askiseis
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(B) (Lukeiou) Algebra Kefalaio 1 - Theoria-Askiseis
(B) (Lukeiou) Algebra Kefalaio 1 - Theoria-Askiseis
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:
[
[
[
[
,
y= (x),
y=(x).
: x =,
x=, x= .
,
.
.
.
10.
: -
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
-
()
0o
30
45
60o
90o
180o
(rad)
3
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
3
3
3
3
2 + 2 = 1
R , 0
R , 0
= 1
2
1 + 2
1
2 =
1 + 2
2 =
R , 0
R , 0
R , 0
270o
360o
11.
x
2
+x
2
90 + x
x
90 x
x
x
+x
180 x 180 + x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
3
x
2
270 x
x
x
3
+x
2
270 + x
x
x
360 x 360 + x
x
x
x
x
x
x
2 x
2 + x
f , T R *+
x A :
ii. f ( x + T ) = f ( x T ) = f ( x )
i. x + T A, x T A ,
O T f.
x (x rad)
:
x = (x rad)
2 :
(2+x) = x, x R
2.
[0,2] .
x (x
rad)
:
x = (x rad)
2., :
(2+x)=x x R
12.
2.
[0,2]
.
.
: f (x) = x =
x
A = {x R : x 0}
x
x : ( + x) = x,
x A .
.
x ()
x =
x < x +
2
2
f f(x) = x.
f(x) = (x), , > 0 g(x) = (x),
, > 0
1 x 1 1 x(x ) 1 > 0 :
(x) - f (x)
f - .
f : T =
13.
x = x = 2 + x = 2 + ,
x = x = 2 ,
x = x = + ,
x = x = + ,
( + ) = -
( - ) = +
( + ) = +
( - ) = -
( + ) =
+
1
( ) =
1 +
( + ) =
1
+
( ) =
+ 1
2
1. 2 = 2
2. 2 = 2 2
2. 2 = 2 2 1
2 1
2
5. 2 =
2
1 + 2
1 2
1 + 2
8. 2 =
1 2
2
2
1 2
4. 2 =
6. 2 =
1 2
1 + 2
7. 2 =
9. 2 =
1 + 2
2
3. 2 =
2. 2 = 1 2 2
10. 3 = 3 4 3
11. 3 = 4 3 3
14.
[ ]
1
( ) = +
( + ) =
(1) :
[ ()] = ( + )
[ ()] = ( ) + ( ) =
3
( + ) = +
( / 2 x) = x ( / 2 x) = x :
( + ) = [ / 2 ( + )] = [( / 2 ) ] =
= ( / 2 ) + ( / 2 ) = +
4
( ) =
(3) :
[ + ()] = ( )
[ + ( )] = ( ) + ( ) =
15.
( + ) =
+
, ( + ) 0 0
1
0 .
( + ) =
( + ) +
=
( + ) = ( 0 )
+
+
=
=
1
+
( ) =
1 +
A (5) :
( ) = [ + ( )]
+ ()
=
[ + ()] =
1 () 1 +
[ 2]
7
2 = 2
2 = ( + ) = + = 2
2 = 2 2 = 2 2 1 = 1 2 2
2 = ( + ) = = 2 2
2 2 = 2 (1 2 ) = 2 1 + 2 = 2 2 1
16.
2 2 = 1 2 2 = 1 2 2
2 =
2
1 2
2 = ( + ) =
+
2
=
1 1 2
10
2 =
1 + 2
2
(2) :
2 = 2 2 1 2 + 1 = 2 2 2 =
11
2 =
1 + 2
2
1 2
2
(2) :
2 = 1 2 2 2 2 = 1 2 2 =
12
2 =
1 2
1 + 2
1 2
2
1 2
2
=
=
=
2
1
2
+
1 + 2
2
2
1 2
2
17.
.
2003.
1.1
5, 6, 7, 8
: 2, 3
1.2
5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
: 1, 2, 3
1.3
6, 8, 10, 11
: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8
1.4
6, 7, 8, 9, 10
: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
.
2:
:
1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8
3:
:
2, 4, 6, 9, 13, 14, 16, 18
4:
:
2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12
18.
1. :
2x
f (x) = + x R > 0 , R
3
i. f 3 Cf
y y (0,1), ,R .
ii. .
iii. f xx
.
:
i. i H Cf yy (0,1), M (0,1) Cf f (0) = 1 = 1
2x
i xR : 1 1
3
2x
3
( > 0 )
( 1)
2x
+ 1 + 1 + 1
3
+ 1 f (x) + 1
f + 1 , + 1 = 3 = 2 :
2x
f (x) = 2 + 1 x R
3
2
ii. i H f =
= 3 .
2
3
19.
[0,3] .
f :
f :
f :
iii. f (x) = 0 [0,3]
:
2x
1
2x
= =
+ 1 = 0
3
2
6
3
2x
= 2
3
6
: 0 3
2x
7
7
= 2 +
x = 3 x = 3 +
3
6
4
4
3
4
3 3 +
4
4
1
13
12
12
= 1
0 3 +
7
3
4
7
7
3 3
4
4
7
5
12
12
= 0
20.
11
,0
f x x
4
7
x = 3 = 1 , ,0
4
4
x = 3 +
7
= 0 .
4
2. ,
f
: f (t ) = (t ) + ,
f(t)
.
i. .
ii. f (t) 100.000 ;
iii. 100.000 ;
:
i. O f :
f (t) = (t ) + 0 t 8 > 0
8 :
8=
: 1 t 1 t
4
4
t + + f (t) +
4
2 = 150
= 75
= 25
25 f (t) 125 , :
= 125
= 50
+ = 125
f :
f (t) = 50 t + 75 0 t 8
4
21.
ii. :
f (t) = 100 50 t + 75 = 100 t = 1
4
4 2
t = t = 2 +
t = 2 +
4
6
4
6
4
6
t = 8 +
2
3
t = 8 +
10
3
2
2
22
8 8
3
3
3
=0
10
10
14
0 8 + 8 8
3
3
3
0 8 +
t [0,8] :
: t =
2
3
t=
10
3
1
t 5
iii. : f (t) > 100 t > < <
4 2
6 4 6
2
10
2 10
< t < t ,
3
3
3 3
3.i. :
( x + y ) ( x y ) = 2 x + 2 y 1
ii. :
iii. :
.
:
i. :
x + x =
6
6 2
2
2
+ = 1 + ,
( x + y ) ( x y ) =
= (x y x y ) (x y + x y ) =
= 2 x 2 y 2 x 2 y =
= 2 x 2 y (1 2 x ) (1 2 y ) =
= 2 x 2 y 1 + 2 y + 2 x 2 x 2 y =
= 2 x + 2 y 1
22.
ii. :
x + x = 2 x + 2 1 =
6
6 2
6
2
3
1
3
3
3
2 x =
x =
2 x + 1=
x =
4
2
4
2
2
2
x =
x = 2
x =
x = 2 ,
3
3
3
3
2
2
iii. : + = 1 +
2 + 2 1=
( + ) ( ) =
( ) =
+ ( ) = 0
[1 + ( )] = 0
= 0
( ) = 1
= 90
=, . = 90 .
4. .
+ + = 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
ii. = = , .
2 3
2 2
:
+ = 90
i. : + + = 180 + + = 90
2 2 2
2 2
2
i. :
+ = 90
2
2 2
+
2
2 = 1
2
2
2
+
2
2 =
2
1
2
2
+ = 1
2
2
2
2
2
+ + = 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
23.
ii.
1
1
i. :
= =
2 3
2 2
1
1
1
+ + = 1
2
2 3
2 6
+ 2 = 5
2
2
=1
2
= 45
2
= 90 .
5.
<<
4
2
2 =
5
.
12
i. : = 5 .
ii. 3 ( x ) + = 3 x ,
3 2
= .
25 3
:
i. :
2 =
2
5
5
=
2
12
1
12
5 2 5 = 24 5 2 24 5 = 0
y = :
5y 2 24y 5 = 0 y =
24 26
(24) 26 2
y=
10
25
1
1
y = 5 y = . = 5 =
5
5
< < > 0 , = 5 .
4
2
ii. 3 ( x ) + = 3 x 3
3
x
+ 5 = 3 x
1 + x
x 5
+ 5 = 3 x 3 x 15 + 5 + 25 x = 3 x + 15 2 x
1 + 5 x
15 2 x 25 x + 10 = 0 3 2 x 5 x + 2 = 0
y = x :
3y 2 5y + 2 = 0 y =
2
(5) 1
5 1
y=
y =1 y =
3
23
6
24.
x = 1 x =
6.. :
3
2
Z .
x = +
x = +
25
3
4
33 12 57 78 =
2
2
. :
22 + 67 = 1 22 67
. :
2 (45 ) 2 (45 ) = 2
. :
2
+ 3 =
8
8
8
8
4
:
. :
i 33 + 57 = 90 57 = 33
i 12 + 78 = 90 78 = 12
33 12 57 78 = 33 12 33 12 =
(33 + 12 ) = 45 =
2
2
. :
i 23 + 67 = 90 67 = 23
:
22 + 67 = 1 22 67 22 + 23 = 1 22 23
22 + 23
= 1 (22 + 23) = 1 45 = 1 ,
1 22 23
. :
2 (45 ) 2 (45 ) = [2 (45 )] =
(90 2 ) = 2
. :
+ 3 = 2 + 2 =
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
1
1 2
2
= 2 = =
=
8
8 2
8
8 2
4 2 2
4
7.i. :
4
x + + 3 x + = , : x = .
3
3 5
25.
ii. 0 < x <
2x , 2x .
2
iii. :
( y + 2x ) = 1 y =
17
.
31
:
i. :
x + + 3 x + =
3
3 5
x x + 3 x + x =
3
3
3
3 5
1
3
3
3
8
8
4
x
x +
x + x = 2 x = x =
2
2
2
2
5
5
5
ii. :
2
2 x = 1 2 x x = 1
0 < x <
:
3
3
16
9
2 x = x = x =
5
5
25
25
3
x > 0 . x = .
2
5
3 4 24
i 2x = 2xx = 2 =
5 5 25
i 2x = 2 2 x 1 = 2
i 2x =
iii. :
16
7
1 =
25
25
2x 24
=
2x 7
( y + 2x ) = 1
24
24
y + 2x
= 1 y
= 1 y +
7
7
1 y 2x
7 y + 24 = 7 24 y 31 y = 17 y =
8.i. :
2 +
8
17
31
x
x
2
2
x
=
2
8
2
2
26.
ii. :
x
x
4 2 + 2 = 2x
8 2
8 2
:
i. :
x 1 + x 1 x
x
2
4
4
=
+ =
8 2
8 2
2
2
2
1 + x 1 + x x x +
4 =
4
4
=
4
2
2
x + x x + x
4
4
4
4=
2
4 = x = 2 x
2
4
2
ii. :
2x
x
4 2 + 2 = 2x
8 2
8 4
4
x = 2x 2 2 x = 2x
2
1 2x
2
= 2x 1 2x = 2x
2
1
1 = 2 2x 2x = 2x =
2
3
2x = 2 x = , Z
3
6
: 4x + 2 x = 0 , = 2 .
4
ii. 0 , .
9.i.
27.
:
i.
:
4
+ 2
1
= 0 + = 0 = 2
2
4
ii. :
4x + 2 2 x = 0 0
4x + 2 2 x = 0 2 2 2x 1 + 2
1 2x
=0
2
2 2 2x 1 + 1 2x = 0 2 2 2x 2x = 0
2x (2 2x 1) = 0 2x = 0 2x =
2x = +
x=
+
2x = x =
2x = 2
3
2 4
3
2
x = , Z
+
6
2 4
10.
i. :
f (x) =
f (x) = 3 x x 3 x x x
1
4x
4
1
f x =
3 8
4
iii. :
g(x) = 8 f (x) 1 x
ii. :
f (x) +
:
i. x
f (x) = x x ( 2 x 2 x ) f (x) =
1
2x x 2x
2
1
1
1
f (x) = 2x 2x f (x) = 2 2x 2x f (x) = 4x
2
4
4
ii. :
28.
1
1
1
4x + 4x = 4x + 4x = 1
4
3 4
2
4
3
3 4x = 1
4x + 4x = 1 4x +
4x
4x +
+ 4x = 4x +
3
3
3
=
3
6
5
= 2 +
4x + = 2 +
3
6
3
6
4x = 2
iii. x
x
4x = 2 +
:
:
+ , Z
x=
x=
2 8
2
2 24
g(x) = 8 f (x) 1 = 2 4x 1
1 4x 1
2 2 4x 2
3 2 4x 1 1
3 g(x) 1
-3, 1 g.
11.i. :
ii. :
=
(1 + 2 ) (1 + )
2
1 + 2 +
=
2 +
2x x
1 + 2x + x
=
iii. : (
1 + 2x ) (1 + x )
2x + x
:
i. :
2
2
=
=
(1 + 2 ) (1 + ) (1 + 2 2 1) (1 + )
29.
2
2
2
2
2 =
=
=
2
(
)
+
1
2
(2 ) 1 +
1
1 + 2
2
2
2
2=
2 =
2
2 2
2
2
ii. :
1 + 2 + 1 + 2 2 1 +
=
=
2 +
2 +
(2 + 1)
=
=
(2 + 1)
iii. :
2x x
1 + 2x + x
=
(1 + 2x ) (1 + x )
2x + x
x
2
x
x
x
1
2 x = 1
= x =
x = 1
x
2
2
2
2 x
1 2
2
2 2
x
x
x
x 1
= 1 2 3 2 = 1 2 =
2
2
2
2 3
x
x
x
3
x
3
=
=
=
=
2
6
2
6
2
3
2
3
= +
2
6
=
x = 2 +
x = 2 , Z
2
6
3
3
30.
1. :
x
x
i. f (x) = 2 ,
ii. g(x) = 23x ,
iii. h(x) = 1 + 3
4
2
: . ,
. , .
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
2. t t
t : = 0 C, t [0, 24] .
12
. 2
4 C.
.
.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
31.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
3.
:
i. x =
1
2
ii. 2x =
3
2 3
x
iii. 3 + 3 = 0
4
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
4. :
i. 3 x + 3 x = 3xx(x + x)
ii. 2 2x + 2 3x = 1
iii. x + x =
1
x
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
32.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
f (x) = 3 x +
4
. x f
5. :
[0, 2] .
. f
xx.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
6. :
i. :
2 + 5 + 3 = 0
1
2
3
2
: 2, 2 2.
ii. :
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
33.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
7.
x + x
1 x
1 2 + x 2
1 + x + 2
i. x.
ii. =
, : + = 3 + 3 .
3
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
8. :
i. 1 + 2x = 2( x)
2
2
iii. 2x 2x =
ii. 2 x
4x 1
=
2
2
1
2
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
34.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
9.
5
11
7 1
: 1 + 1 + 1 +
1 + =
12
12
12
12 16
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
10.
1 2 (135 )
= 2
1 + 2 (135 )
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
35.
11.
f (x ) = x x .
i. f :
ii. :
f (x ) = 2 x
x x = 1
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
12.
1 +
2
=
1 1 2
.
12
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
36.
13.
f ( x ) = x +
x .
3
3
3 1
2x
4 2
i. :
f (x ) =
ii. :
f ( x ) = f ( x )
iii. x [0, 2 ) f .
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
37.
1
. , , + +
, , :
2
( + ) =
+
1
( 5)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
.i.
1
2 x + 2 2x = , .
6
2
( 5)
ii. . : 2 =
iii. :
2 2 = 2
4
iv. :
1 + = +
2
2
2
2
( 5)
( 5)
( 5)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
38.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
2
:
. 1926 + 7164 =
.
2
2
( 5)
2 5 2 3
= 8 2
1 2 5 2 3
( 10)
2
+ 3 =
2
8
8
4
( 10)
. 3
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
3
:
. + x x = 1
3
3
( 10)
39.
. 2x + 2 2
x
=0
2
( 15)
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
4
f ( x ) = 4 x + 4 x x R .
4x + 3
, x R .
4
. f.
. f ( x ) =
. 8f ( x ) = 7 0, .
2
( 5)
( 10)
( 10)
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