:

[
[

x, : ,
, .
- , , , .

[ - , , -

, - .

[ P(x):(x).
[ Horner
P(x):(x).

[ : P (p) = 0 P (x ) = (x ) (x ) .
[

2 .

42.

: -

x x R ,
N * x R.
x .

, ..
0x 3 , 0x 5 .

, .. 7 = 7 x o , 9 = 9 x o .
x

x + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0 , 0 , 1 , ..., 1 , R , x

R.
x P ( x ) , Q ( x ) , f ( x ) , ( x ) ....
:

P ( x ) = x + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0

:
Q ( x ) = x 3 4x 2 + x + 5 x.


( x ) = 0 x 0 .

0.

 43.

P ( x ) = x + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0 , 0
- : x ,..., 0
- : 0 x.
- : , 1 ,..., 1 , 0 .
- : .
- x = : P ( ) = + ... + 1 + 0
P ( x ) x .
- : R P ( x ) , , P ( ) = 0 .

.

x ,
.
P ( x ) = x + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0
Q ( x ) = x + 1 x 1 + ... + 1 x + 0

x , :
0 = 0 , 1 = 1 , ..., =
P (x ) = Q (x )
+1 = + 2 = ... = = 0

1 ( )
(x) (x) ( x ) 0
(x) ( x ) :
(x ) = (x ) (x ) + (x )
( x ) ( x ) .
(x ) (x )
(x )
(x )

(x ) = (x ) (x ) + (x )

44.

( x )

( x )
( x )
( x ) ( x ) , ( x ) = 0 .

( x ) : ( x ) ( x ) = 0 .
: ( x ) = ( x ) ( x ) ( x )
( x ) .
:
- ( x ) ( x ) , ( x ) ( x ) ,
( x ) : ( x ) , ( x ) : ( x ) = ( x ) ( x )

2
P ( x ) x
P ( ) .

(x )
= ( )

x
(x )

: P ( x ) = ( x ) ( x ) + ( )
3
P ( x ) x , ,
P ( x ) .
:

P ( x ) = ( x ) ( x ) P ( ) = 0

4 ( )
P ( x ) = x v + ... + 1 x + 0 , , ..., 1, 0 ,
, 0 0 .

0 .

 45.

1
(
)

(x) (x) (x ) 0 (x) (x )

:
(x ) = (x ) (x ) + (x )
(x)
(x).
(x ) (x )
(x )
(x )

(x ) = (x ) (x ) + (x )
(x ) (x )
( x )
(x ) -

( x ) , ( x ) = 0 .

P ( x )
x x = . = P ( ) .

P ( x ) x P ( x ) = ( x ) ( x ) + ,

( x ) x .
A x = , P ( ) = ( ) ( ) + = 0 ( ) + , P ( ) = .

46.

P ( x ) x ,

, P ( x ) .

x P ( x ) P ( x ) = ( x ) ( x ) .
x = , P ( ) = ( ) ( ) = 0 , P ( x ) .
:
P ( x ) P ( ) = 0 ,
P ( x ) x : = P() = 0
:
P ( x ) = ( x ) ( x ) + P ( ) P ( x ) = (x ) ( x ) + 0 P ( x ) = ( x ) ( x ) , -

x P ( x ) .
4

:
x + 1 x 1 + + 1 x + 0 = 0 ,

. 0
.

0 , : + 1 1 + + 1 + 0 = 0

( 1 1 + 2 2 + + 1 ) + 0 = 0 0 = () , = 1 1 + ... + 1 .

Z 0 .

 47.

.
2003.
2.1

3, 4, 6, 7

: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2.2

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10

: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2.3

1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7

: 1, 2, 3, 5
2.4

1, 2, 3

: 5

.


5:
:
2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
6:
:
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

48.

1. : q(x) = (

4 ) x 3 + ( 3 42 + 4 ) x 2 + 2 3 + 2

i. q(x)

ii. x 1 q(x) .
iii.
q y = 7x + 8 .
:
i.
x.
3 4 = 0 (2 4 ) = 0 ( 2 ) ( + 2 ) = 0
=0 2=0 +2=0
=0

=2

= 2

1. 0 , 2 , 2 q(x)
2. = 0

q(x) = 2 q(x)

3. = 2 q(x) = 0 q(x)
.
4. = 2 q(x) = 32x 2 + 12 q(x) .
ii. x 1 q(x), , 1 q(x)
:
q(1) = 0 3 4 + 3 42 + 4 + 2 3 + 2 = 0
23 32 3 + 2 = 0 2 (3 + 1) 3 ( + 1) = 0
2 ( + 1) (2 + 1) 3 ( + 1) = 0

( + 1) (22 2 + 2 3 ) = 0 ( + 1) (22 5 + 2 ) = 0
+ 1 = 0 22 5 + 2 = 0 = 1 =

( 5 ) 9

22

 49.

= 1 =

53
1
= 1 = 2 =
4
2

iii. = 1 :

q(x) = 3x 3 9x 2 + 6

q(x) y = 7x + 8
:

q(x) = y 3x 3 9x 2 + 6 = 7x + 8 3x 3 9x 2 + 7x 2 = 0
G(x) = 3x 3 9x 2 + 7x 2 , Horner 2 ( 2 -2 ) :
G(x) = ( x 2 ) (3x 2 3x + 1)

( x 2 ) (3x 2 3x + 1) = 0
x2=0

3x 2 3x + 1 = 0

< 0
x=2
(2, 6) .

2..

q(x) x-1 x+2

f (x) g(x) . :

f ( 2) = g(1)

. q(x) F(x) = q(x) x 2 . G(x) : (x )

x x2
3 G(x) = q q(x ) + + x , .

2 4
:
. q(x) x 1 1
q(x) q(1) = 0 x + 2 2
q(x) q(2) = 0

q(x) x 1 f (x)

q(x) = ( x 1) f (x) x

. x = 2 :

q(2) = (2 1) f (2) 0 = 3 f (2) f (2) = 0

q(x) x + 2 g(x) .
q(x) = ( x + 2) g(x) x

. x = 1 :

50.

q(1) = (1 + 2) g(1) 0 = 3 g(1) g(1) = 0 . f (2) = g(1)

. F(x) :

F() = 0 q() 2 = 0 q() = 2

G(x) x 2 3 :

2 4 2

G(2) = 3 q q(2 ) +
+ 2 = 3
2
4

q q() + 2 + 2 3 = 0 q ( 2 + 2 ) + 2 3 = 0
2 16
2 4
=

2
2

q ( ) + 2 3 = 0 2 + 2 3 = 0 =

=1

= 3 ( )

3. :

q(x) = ( x 1)

2004

+x+2

i. q(x) x 2 x.
ii. q(x) x 2 2x .
:
i. q(x) x 2 :
2004
q(2) = (2 1) + 2 + 2 = 5

q(x) x = x 0 :
2004
q(0) = (0 1) + 0 + 2 = 3

ii. q(x) x 2 2x x +
( )
x

q(x) = ( x 2 2x ) (x) + x +

x = 2 :

q(2) = 2 + 5 = 2 + (1)

x = 0 :

q(0) = 3 = . (1) : = 1

x + 3 .

4.
( x + 5 )

q(x) x 3 8 ,

x 2 5x + 3 .

i. q(x) x 2
ii. F(x) .

 51.

iii. 3 F(x) 50
:

i. q(x) x 3 8 :
q(x) = ( x 3 8) ( x + 5) + x 2 5x + 3 , x

q(x) x 2 q(2) = 2 2 10 + 3 = 3
ii. x

q(x) = ( x 3 8) ( x + 5) + x 2 5x + 6 3

q(x) = ( x 2 ) ( x 2 + 2x + 4 ) ( x + 5) + ( x 2 ) ( x 3) 3

q(x) = ( x 2 ) ( x 2 + 2x + 4 ) ( x + 5) + ( x 3) + (3)
q(x) = ( x 2 ) F(x) + (3)

q(x) x 2 :
F(x) = ( x 2 + 2x + 4 ) ( x + 5) + x 3

iii. 3 F(x) 50 , :
F(3) 50 = 0 F(3) = 50 7 2 6 = 50
7 2 = 56 2 = 8 2 = 23 = 3

5. :

q(x) = 24x 3 x 2 + x + 1 , -

x 1 12, 2x 1 .
. , R .
. : q(x) = 0 .
. : q(x) = 12 .
:
. x 1 q(x) 12 :
q(1) = 12 24 + + 1 = 12 + = 13

2x 1 q(x) :

q(x) = (2x 1) (x) 24x 3 x 2 + x + 1 = (2x 1) (x) , x

x =

1
, :
2

+ + 1 = 0 + = 4 2 = 16
4 2
4 2

52.

+ = 13 = 3
= 3

2 = 16
= 16 + 2
= 10

. q(x) = 24x 3 10x 2 3x + 1 Horner

1
(
2

1
2 ( x 1 2 ) 2
q(x) ) :
1

q(x) = x (24x 2 + 2x 2 )
2

: q(x) = 0 x (24x 2 + 2x 2 ) = 0
2

1
=0
2

12x 2 + x 1 = 0

x=

1
2

x=

1 49

24

x=

1
2

x=

1 7

24

1
2

1
1
x=
3
4
. q(x) = 12 1 q(1) = 12 , ,
x=

x=

G(x) = q(x) 12 = 24x 3 10x 2 3x 11

Horner 1 :
G(x) = ( x 1) (24x 2 + 14x + 11)
:
q(x) = 12 q(x) 12 = 0 G(x) = 0

( x 1) (24x 2 + 14x + 11) = 0

x 1 = 0

x =1

24x 2 + 14x + 11 = 0
< 0

 53.

6. :

q(x) = 2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + ( + 4) x + 2 , -

x 1 .
i. .
ii. , q(x) .
iii. : q(x) < 0 .
:
i. x 1 q(x) 1 q(x) :

q(1) = 0 2 + 3 + + 4 + 2 = 0 3 + 2 + + 6 = 0
G() = 3 + 2 + + 6 ,
Horner 2 ( 2 6) :
:

G() = ( + 2 ) ( 2 + 3)

( + 2) ( 2 + 3) = 0

2
+2=0 +3=0
= 2 , < 0

ii. q(x) = 4x 3 8x 2 + 2x + 2
Horner 1 ( 1 ) :
q(x) = ( x 1) (4x 2 4x 2 )

q(x) = 0 ( x 1) (4x 2 4x 2 ) = 0
x 1 = 0

4x 2 4x 2 = 0

x =1

2x 2 2x 1 = 0

x =1

x=

(2 ) 12

22

x =1

x=

22 3

x =1

x=

1 3

iii. q(x) :

54.

1 3
1+ 3
: q(x) < 0 x ,
U 1 ,

2
2

7.

q(x) = x 4 5x 3 + x + ,

x 2 + x + 1 .
i. :

= 1

ii. :

q(x) = 0

=5

q (2x + 2) = 0

iii. x q(x)
xx.
:
i. q(x) x 2 + x + 1 :

x 4 5x 3 + x +

x2 + x +1

x 4 x 3 x 2

x 2 6x + 5

6x 3 x 2 + x +
6x 3 + 6x 2 + 6x

5x 2 + ( + 6) x +
5x 2 5x 5

( + 1) x + 5
: q(x) = ( x 2 + x + 1) ( x 2 6x + 5) + ( + 1) x + 5 . x 2 + x + 1
q(x) ( + 1) x + 5 : + 1 = 0 5 = 0 = 1 = 5
ii. q(x) = 0 :
q(x) = 0 ( x 2 + x + 1) ( x 2 6x + 5) = 0
x2 + x +1 = 0

< 0

x 2 6x + 5 = 0
(6 ) 6

2
64
x=
x =1 x = 5
2
x=

q(2x + 2) = 0 :

 55.

q(2x + 2) = 0 2x + 2 = 1

x =

1
2

2x + 2 = 5

x =

3
2

3
2
x = 2
Z
3

x =

iii. q(x) :

q(x) xx
q(x) < 0 x (1 , 5)

8. :

q(x) = 4x 4 4x 3 + 7x 2 + x + , -

4x 2 1 x + 3 .
i. , .
q(x) = x + 3 .
ii. :
iii. x q(x)
() :

y = x+3 .

:
i. x
x =

: q(x) = (4x 2 1) (x) + x + 3 , x

1
:
2
1 1 7
7
1 1
q = + 3 + + + = + 2 = 4
4 2 4 2
2
2 2

x =

1
:
2

1
1 1 7
5
1
q = + 3 + + + = + 2 = 0
2
4 2 4 2
2
2

= 1 = 2 .

56.

ii. :
q(x) = x + 3 (4x 2 1) (x) + x + 3 = x + 3 (4x 2 1) (x) = 0

q(x) 4x 2 1 :
4x 4 4x 3 + 7x 2 + 2x + 1

4x 4

4x 2 1

+ x2

x2 x + 2

4x 3 + 8x 2 + 2x + 1

4x 3

8x 2 + x + 1

8x 2

+2
x+3

: (x) = x 2 x + 2
:

(4x 2 1) ( x 2 x + 2) = 0
4x 2 1 = 0

x2 x + 2 = 0

< 0

x2 =

1
1
x=
4
2

iii. q(x) y = x + 3
:
q(x) > x + 3 q(x) x 3 > 0 (4x 2 1) (x) > 0
(4x 2 1) ( x 2 x + 2) > 0 4x 2 1 > 0 x > 1
2
1
1
1 1

x < x > x , , +
2
2
2 2

9. :
x + 2 x 1 =1

6x 3 ( 2 + 16 ) x 2 + ( + 10 ) x 2 = 0

i. .
ii. :

6x 3 ( 2 + 16) x 2 + ( + 10) x 2 > 0

 57.

:
i. :

x + 2 0

x + 2 x 1 = 1 x + 2 = x 1 + 1 x 1 0
2
2

( x + 2 ) = ( x 1 + 1)
x 2
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1

x = 2

1 = x 1 1 = x 1 x = 2

x + 2 = x 1 + 1 + 2 x 1
2 , :

48 4 (2 + 16) + 2 ( + 10) 2 = 0 48 42 64 + 2 + 20 2 = 0
42 + 2 + 2 = 0 22 1 = 0 =
ii. =1 :

(1) 9
1
=1 =
22
2
6x 3 17x 2 + 11x 2 = 0

q(x) = 6x 3 17x 2 + 11x 2

Horner 2 :
: q(x) = ( x 2 ) (6x 2 5x + 1)
:

( x 2) (6x 2 5x + 1) = 0
x2=0

6x 2 5x + 1 = 0

x=2

x=

(5) 1

26

x=2

x=

5 1

12

1
1

x=
3
2
q(x) :
x=2

x=

58.

1 1
6x 3 17x 2 + 11x 2 > 0 q(x) > 0 x , (2 , + )
3 2

10. mgr
:

q(t) = t 3 + t 2 + 9t + , t > 0 .
1 16 mgr 2 27 mgr:
i. , .
ii. ;
:
i. : q (1) = 16 q (2) = 27

q(1) = 16 1 + + 9 + = 16 + = 8

q (2) = 27 8 + 4 + 18 + = 27 4 + = 17
:
:

+ = 8
= 8
3 = 9
= 3

4 + = 17
4 + = 17
+ = 8 = 5

q(t) = t 3 + 3t 2 + 9t + 5, t > 0

ii. , q ( t ) = 0 .
3
2
: q(t) = 0 t + 3t + 9t + 5 = 0
Horner 1 -

q(t) = ( t + 1) ( t 2 + 4t + 5)
:
:

( t + 1) ( t 2 + 4t + 5) = 0 t + 1 = 0
t = 1

t=

4 36
t = 1
2

t 2 + 4t + 5 = 0

t=

4 6

t = 1

t =5
t = 1
t > 0 t = 5 . 5
.

 59.

1. :

P(x) = ( 2 1) x 4 + ( 1) x + + 1 .

R , (x) .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

2. :
f (x) = 4x 2 + x + 9
,,

h(x) = (x + 4) (x + 3) + x (x 2) +

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

60.

3.
.
i.

(10x 4 x 3 24x 2 + 19x 14) : (2x 2 3x + 1)

ii. ( x 4 4x 2 x + 2 ) : (x 2 )
iii. ( x 3 x 2 + 5x 6 ) : ( x + 1)
iv. ( x 3 + x 2 + 2 x + 2 ) : ( x + )
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

4. :

P(x) = x 3 + ( ) x 2 + 2 3 + 1 , 0, ,
2

( x + ) 1.
i. .
ii. : P(x) = 3 .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

 61.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

5.

P(x) = x 3 x 2 + 3x 2 , -

x 2 1 , (x) = 3x + 2 . , .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

6. (x)

(x 2) (x + 3)
1 10 .
(x) x 2 + x 6 .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

7. :

f (x) = 2x 3 3x 2 5x + 6
i. f
xx yy .
ii. f (x) > 0 .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

62.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

8. :

i. x 5 4x 4 + 6x 3 6x 2 + 5x 2 = 0
8
4
ii. ( x + 2) 3 ( x + 2) 4 = 0

iii. 2 3 x 5 2 x 4x + 2 = 0
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

9. :

i. x 4 3x 3 + 6x 4 0
ii.

2
5 ( x 1)
> x2
x3
3x

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

 63.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

10. :

P(x) = 2x 3 + 5x 2 ( + 1) x 2 3 .

2
, R ( x 1)
(x) .

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

11. :

P(x) = x 3 2x 2 ( 1) x + 3 , , R

i. (x) ( x + 2) , = 21
= 21 .
ii. , i.:
2

. 1 (x) P(x) : (x + 2) .
. 2 (x) P(x) : (x + 2) 2 .
. 1 (x) 2 (x) > 0 .
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

64.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

12.

f (x) = x 4 + 2x 3 2x 2 x + 6 , R .
f xx M(2,0),
.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

 65.

1
. (x) 1 . :
x ( x ) ( x )

( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
.i. R P ( x ) = 2 1 .

( 5)

ii. P ( x ) = x
+ x + 1 . (x) x 1.
( 5)
2004

iii. : P ( x ) = ( x + y )

2v +1

*
+ x 2v +1 + y 2v +1 , v N R .

x + y (x).
( 5)
iv. : P ( x ) = x + 2x + x + 1 , .
() .
( 5)
...........................................................................................................................
3

...........................................................................................................................

66.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

2
:

P ( x ) = x 3 + 2x 2 + 6x +

. x (x) 4 = 4 .
( 5)
. x + 1 (x) 6 .

. ,0 , :
2

( 10)

P (x ) = 0

( 10)
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

 67.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

3
:

x + 3 2x + 7 = 1

P ( x ) = x 4 + (22 1) x 3 3x 2 + (12 8 ) x 4
. .

( 5)
. x (x)
.
( 10)

. 0, ( x ) = 0 ( x ) < 0 .
2
( 10)
...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................

4
: ( x ) = x 3 2x 2 + x +
i. x (x) 2, .
( 5)

68.

ii. :

(x ) = 0

( 10)

iii. x + 22 4 (x), R .
( 10)
...........................................................................................................................
2

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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