ygVdpmayordki; f 1

M.A.

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ygVdpmayordki; f 2

M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 3

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M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 4

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M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 5

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M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 6

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M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 7

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M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 8

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M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 9

9/ vuFm0wm&okwf... paom okwrsm;yif jzpfayonf/ f xdoaom twkrsm;aMumifY tppfjzpfaom Ak'y#uwf k Ykd d tay: txifrm;tjrifrm; jzpfMu[ef &Sonf/ Zmwursm;ESiYf S S d wla,mif,;dk rSm; ]yw`E}-paom usr;f rsm; &SaomaMumifvnf; d Y Zmwursm;tay: ,krm;oHo, jzpfwwfMuavonf/ ]]tDpyf HS G ykjH yif}}rsm;ESivnf; a&ma&maxG;axG;jzpfum Zmwursm;tay: Yf txifao;wwfMuavonf/ Ak'pmayy@dwBf uD;wqljzpfaom ]]&D;Zfa';Apf}}bmom jyefaom Ak'bmomZmwf0wKrsm;(Buddhist Birth Stories)usr;f \ trSmed'gef;&SnBf uD; pmrsuEm(3) atmufygtwdi; cyf,Of,Of fS kf uav; a&;om;0efccb;\/ H YJ l ]]taemufEkiiH yk0wKrsm;onf Ak'bmomZmwf0wK d f H rsm;rS acs;iSm;,liifxm;\/}} Zmwursm; wd&pmefw\ *gxmzGUJ pum;ajymyk?H ar;yk?H Ykd ajzykrsm;ESiYf ywfouf yk*acwf\ yd#uwfo&aumif;BuD; &Sif H H lJ t*0Hor[max&fjrwfu atmufygtwdki; &Si;vif;xm;awmf f f rlcJY\/ ]]b*0wm Zmwauok okec od*gvm'D[0kwH F d 0pewH *a[wGm *gxH AEwm okeacg *gxrmd G [mwd tm'dem a'oemuxm/}} (w'wokwrmvm? 108) f
M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 10

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a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 11

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------ 0 ------

M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 12

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M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 13

ygVdpmay vdupm;olwi; tNrJwef; vufuixm;xduaMumif; k f kd f kd f k f axmufcHygonf/ q&mawmf--OD;uvsmP t*r[my@dw ausmif;tkyf r[ma0,efbom-ygVdwuovf Hk kd taemufjyif-rEav; 1956-ck? arv (27) &ufaeY ------ 0 ------

M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 14

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M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 15

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M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 16

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M.A.

pmrsuESm f 3 11 13 15 16 23 25 26 28 31 37 38 40 43 48 52 57 59
a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 17

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M.A.

pmrsuESm f 61 64 65 72 80 95 97 102 110 114 115 116 117 117 120 121 123 125 126 127

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 18

]]rmwdum(tquf)}} taMumif;t&m pmrsuESm f nDnGwa&;NydKuGJaprnfYtaMumif;ajcmufyg; f 131 nDnGwa&;wnfwHYaprnfYtaMumif;ajcmufyg; f 132 ol,kwrm[koEkdijf cif;taMumif;&Spyg; f d f 134 qAaom"eokw/ /&[Em[kw-r[kwf ppfaq;onfY 137 d f f enf;ajcmufrsKd ; tqdk;jyKrItusKd ; 142 tvSLcHyk*dKvf(14)OD; 144 pHjyonf;cHenf; ajcmufqifY 145 ajcmufpkHaomw&m; 146 oH,kwedum, 149 o*gxm0*foH,kwrsm; f 153 ed'ge0*foH,kwrsm; f 157 cE0*foH,kwrsm; f 160 e*g;av;rsKd ; 162 uvkeav;rsKd ; f 162 *EAq,frsdK; 163 0vm[uewfig;rsKd ; 163 psmefusiYfyk*Kd vfav;rsKd ; 164 oVm,we0*foH,kwfrsm; 165 a,musm;rjrwfEkd;tyfaom t*Fgig;yg; f 165 trsKd ;orD;rsm;cHpm;&aom tma0Pdu'kuig;yg; 166
M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 19

]]rmwdum(tquf)}} taMumif;t&m pmrsuESm f p@yk*Kd vfESiYf aom&wyk*Kd vf 168 edAmefa&mufusiYfpOfrsm; 168 r[m0*foH,kwfrsm; 170 ory"mefw&m;av;yg; 170 aomwmyefjzpfEkdionfY olawmfpifw&m;av;yg; f 172 t*Fkw&edum, 173 {ukw&edygwrsm; 173 &[ef;wdkY tpOftNrJEvk;oGi;tyfaom w&m;ajcmufyg; 175 S H f yk*Kd vfukd;yg; 176 onmudk;yg; 177 onmq,fyg; 178 y&dok'dq,fyg; 178 aAmZifckepfyg; 179 ck'uedum, 180 ck'uedum,f0ifusrf;rsm; 180 ck'uygX 181 okH;q,fYESpfaum|mo 182 omraPar;cGe;q,f&yf f 183 "ry'usrf; 191 "ry'usrf;0if0*frsm; 199

M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 20

]]rmwdum(tquf)}} taMumif;t&m pmrsuESm f rjypfrm;tyfaomyk*Kd vfukd jypfrm;rdaomf cHpm;&rnfY 206 S S 'kutaMumif;q,fyg; i&JokdYvm;&tHYukeaomvlwef;pm; f 216 O'gef;usrf; 223 O'ge0*frsm; 225 wd0kwu 226 wd0kwuedygwfrsm; 230 okwedygw 231 orPav;rsdK; 235 jAm[PokH;rsKd ;. 235 O&*0*fokwfrsm; 236 plv0*fokwrsm; f 240 r[m0*fokwrsm; f 244 &[ef;wdkqk&maom pum;av;rsKd ; Y d 244 t|u0*fokwfrsm; 248 y&m,P0*fokwfrsm; 252 0drme0wKrsm;ESiYf ayw0wKrsm; 256 ax&*gxmESiYf ax&D*gxm 259 Zmwu 267 Zmwfawmfrsm;ta&;tom; 278 Zmwfawmfrsm;yg0ifonfY taMumif;t&m 278
M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 21

]]rmwdum(tquf)}} taMumif;t&m r[meda'oESiYf plVeda'o armae,syk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f rkeyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf d f umryk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f odumyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f bduKyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f a"meyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f ukovyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f *gruxmyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f avmuyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f {Zmyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f *Pmedyk'f zGiqkcsuf Yf d ykAmo0yk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f 0d0#puKyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f y&d,yk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f uPSyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f pwma&m'gomyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f pwma&mAELyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f e&yk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f emema&m*gyk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f 0g'yk'zGiYfqkdcsuf f
M.A.

pmrsuESm f 281 281 281 281 282 282 282 282 282 283 283 283 283 283 283 284 284 284 284 285 286

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 22

]]rmwdum(tquf)}} taMumif;t&m pmrsuESm f bmoma&;,kHMunfrItrsKd ;rsKd ; 286 y#dord'gr* 288 ty'ge=tyg'gef 290 Ak'0Ho=Ak'0if 292 p&d,myd#u 294 p&d,myd#u0if0wKrsm; 296 ]]0de,yd#u}} 0de,yd#u 298 ygwdarmut"dyg,f 299 cEu 303 ur0gpm 305 y&d0g& 312 ]]tbd"ryd#u}} tbd"ryd#u 313 tbd"rt"dyg,f 314 tbd"ryd#u0ifusrf;rsm; 315 ygVdpmayordki; aemufqufwJG f 320 o*Fg,emwifyGJawmfrsm; 320 q|oH*wd r[mygomP*k[m vdkP*awmfBuD; D f l 332 ------ 0 -----M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 23

ygVdpmayordi;f k
earm w b*0awm t&[awm ormorK' ------ 0 -----]]Ed, pmayavmuwGif ygVdpmay wnf&Sdy}} kH Ak'pmayonf aA'pmayaemufrS xGujf yLxGe;um;vm f aompmay jzpfavonf/ Ak'bmompmayudk tus,tm;jzifY f atmufygtwdki; ESprsKd ; ydki;xm;avonf/ f f f u? ygVd Ak'bmompmay? c? ou# Ak'bmompmay/ [de,me Ak'bmom*dkP;BuD; (18)*dkP; &Sonfteuf f f d Y ygVdpmayonf a&S;tusq;*dP;jzpfaom ]]ax&0g'*dP;}} \ Hk k f k f pmayjzpf? tjcm;*dkPf;rsm;\ pmayrsm;udkrl ou#jzifY4if;? rduou#jzif4if; pD&ifjyKpcMYJ uavonf/ 4if;jyif aemufyi;f Y k kd ]]r[m,me*dP;f }}rsm;\ pmaywduvnf; ou#jzifyif tu&m k Yk kd Y wifxm;cJYMuukef\/

M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 24

ygVdpmayudk tMurf;tm;jzifY atmufygtwdki; ESprsKd ; f f ydki;xm;jyefonf/ f 1? yd#u pmay/ 2? yd#ur[kwaom pmay/ f yd#upmaywGif okw?f 0denf;ESiYf tbd"rmwdYk tusK;0if H Mu yd#ur[kwaompmaywdonfum; txl;ojzifY (u) t| f Yk uxmrsm;? (c) 'Dy0if?r[m0if tp&Saom ordi;f rsm;ESiYf rdvE d k d ym? aewd tp&Saomusr;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ d f
yd#uawmfukd c&pfrwdkirD wwd,&mpkEpwif tNyD;owf f S f G pkaqmif;&um;? yd#uawmf tNyD;owfpkaqmif;NyD;aemufrS xGujf yLvm Muaom pmayrsm;ud k ]yd # uawmf r [k w f a ompmayrsm;}-[k rSwwrf;wifxm;cJYMuonf/ f

yd#uawmfonf a&S;tusq; Ak'bmom*dkP; jzpfaom kH f ]ax&0g'*dP;f }\ a&S;tusq;aom Ak'bmompmay jzpfojzifY k Hk ou#(odr[kw)ou#w0ufjzifY jyKpxm;aom Ak'bmompmay Yk f k xuf ydka&S;usavonf/ ------ 0 ------

M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 25

Ak'bmom*dkPf;BuD;(18)*dkPf; 1? r[moHCdu 2? ax&0g' 3? a*gumvdu 4? {uaAsm[m&du 5? r[Domou 6? 0ZDykwu 7? ynwd0g' 8? Am[kvdu 9? apws0g' 10? 11? 12? 13? 14? 15? 16? 17? 18? oAwd0g' uyD, ouFEdu okwEdu "r*kwd = Ak'"r/ = r[moHCu/ d = ax&0g'/ = a*gukvu/ d

= r[Domou/

"armw&du b',medu(rmPdu) = 0Zywu/ Dk qPm*g&du orDwd, (uxm0wKt|uxmESitnD jyqdktyfaom Ak'bmom Yf *dkP;BuD;(18)*dkP; jzpfownf;/) f f
M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 26

]]bk&m;jrwfpGmESifYywfoufaom ckESp}} f Ak'bmompmayonf bk&m;jrwfpm yGiawmfrNl yD;aemuf G Yf bk&m;jrwfpmESiYf wygwnf; xGujf yLxGe;um;vmaom pmay G f jzpfavonf/ bk&m;jrwfpGm y&dedAmefpHvGefawmfrlonfYESpfESifY ywfouf okcrdeynm&Swwif 0d0g'trsKd ;rsKd ; uGjJ ym;vsuf &S\/ f d Ykd G d oD[kVtpOftvmurl- ]]bk&m;jrwfpmonf c&pfrwdkir(544) d f G f D ckEpwif y&deAmef pHveawmfronf}}-[k qdk\/ S f G d Gf l odaomf acwfopfynm&Swu ]]ESponf r*"bk&if Yk d Ykd f rsm;\ ordi;f ESpEiYf rudu?f rnDnw}}-[l xdtqdukd oabm k fS k G f k k rwl rESpNf cdKuMf uacs/ twdtus taotcsmvnf; rnfonfY y@dwrQ uefowftwnfjyK&ef rpGr;f EdiMf uay/ od&mwGif c&pf f Y k Yk rwdkir(485)ckEpukd bk&m;y&deAmefpveaom teD;pyfqk;ESp[k f D S f d H Gf H f ynm&Srsm;pGmwdku cefre; ,lqMuavonf/ d Y Y Sf bk&m;jrwfpmonf ESpaygif; &Spq,fwiwif oufawmf G f f kd f kd xif&m; xGe;f vif;awmfrc&um;? c&pfrwdirS q|&mpkEpf aemuf S l YJ kf S ydki;ESiYf yr&mpkEpf tOD;ydki;wGif opmav;yg;wnf; [laom f S f w&m;pnfBuD; dkuw;um ow0grsm;tm; oGeoifnejf yvsu?f f D f T oHo&mwnf;[laom 0JMoCrS edAmefwnf;[laom trwaomif urf;odkY ydkaqmifu,fwifawmf rlcavonf/ Y YJ

M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 27

bk&m;jrwfpm a'opm&Djzefcsum w&m;a&at; tNrdKuf G Y D aq; wduauR;cJonfY a'orsm;onfum; txl;ojzifY E,jynf k f Y d ajrmufyki;wGif aumovwdki;ESiYf r*"wdki;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ d f f f ------ 0 ------

M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 28

]]Ak' 0pe}} Ak'j rwfpm oufawmfxif&m;&ScpOfu w&m;a'oemawmf G S d YJ rsm;udk ]]EIwjf zifom}} a[mMum;jzefa0awmf rlc&um;? Ak'j rwfpm Y Y YJ G y&deAmef pHveawmfrNl yD;onfaemuf ]yd#uawmfrS rnfa&GUrnfrQonf d Gf Y Ak'uk,awmfwkif a[mMum;>ruf[cJonfY yd#uawmfjzpfonf}-[l d f d Y aom jyemESiYf ywfouf tajzrSeay;&ef rnforQ twdtus f l aMueyfavmufatmif cdivajyvnfaom qk;jzwfcsuukd ray;Edif k f Hk H f k Muacs/ Ak'j rwfpm a[mMum;awmfrcaom w&m;awmfrsm;udk EIwf G l YJ wuftm*kH odr;SD xm;&ef vTtyfjcif;cH&onfY tcsKd U &[ef;yk*Kd vausm?f k J f yk*Kd vjf rwfw\ rdece;f awmfrsm;ESiYf w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;udvnf; Ykd Yf G k Ak'j rwfpmud,awmfwi\ rdece;awmftjzpf? w&m;a'oemawmf G k f kd f Yf G f tjzpfjzifY rSwwrf;wifcsivsif wifcMYJ uayrnf/ f f
]aw yd#uH Ak'0peH}=]yd#uok;ykpvk;wGif yg&SonfY w&m; H H H d a'oemtm;vk;onf Ak'j rwfpm udk,awmfwkif rdeMYf um; >ruf[cJonf H G f d Y rkcygXfawmfjzpfonf}-[k wxpfcs ,lq,kMH unf vufc&rnfuvnf; H pOf;pm;bG,?f EIi;csib,f tcsuuav;rsm;u &Saejyefao;onf/ d f Yf G f d

Oyrm-okwy#u0if ax&-ax&D*gxmawmfrsm;onf f d Ak'j rwfpm\om0ursm; jzpfMuaom bduK -bduK eD tausmtarmf G f wdu,wif toD;toD; &GwqusL;&ifcMYJ uonfY *gxmawmfrsm; Yk kd f kd f kd Y r[kwfygavm
M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 29

xdjYk yifw0 0denf;awmf pkv0*f(jrefrmwdu plV0gygVdawmf Yk ac:Mu\)wGif yXro*Fg,emwifyomru 'kw,o*Fg,emwifyJG JG d ESiYf ywfoufonfY taMumif;t&mrsm; azmfjyxm;onfukd awGU&& dS jyef&m? tcsuukd axmufjI yefvsivnf;f f ]yd#uawmftm;vk;onf Ak'j rwfpm udk,awmf H G f wdkif a[mMum;rde>Yf rufconf rkcygXfawmfrsm; YJ jzpfonf}-[laom a&S;*dP;f om;wd\ t,ltqESiYf wbufwvrf; jzpfaejyefonf/ k Yk odaomf rnfoyifjzpfap yd#uawmf ok;ykpvk;onf Ak' Yk Ykd H H H jrwfpm\ rkcygXf(Ak'0pe)awmfrsm;csn;f r[kwapumrl Ak'j rwf G f pGm\ rkcygXfawmfrsm;ESiYf Ak'jrwfpGm\ w&m;qD?w&m;ESprsm; f yg0ifaMumif;udkrum; rnforQ rjiif;uG,EkiMf uacs/ l l f d 4if;jyif yd#uawmfwckv;onfvnf; Ak'uk,awmfwkif kH d f d ESiYf Ak'0g'jzpfaom w&m;jrwf w&m;rGew\ EI;d aqmfwuwe;f f Ykd kd f G csuwkjYd zifY >yrf;vsuomcsn; yifwnf;/ f f f
yd#uawmfrS rnfokdYaom tpdwtydki;rsm;onf f f Ak' jrwfpm udk,awmfwki\ rkcygXfawmfppf G f d f jzpfoenf; -[k aocsmpGm pdppfa0zefvsif

]Am&mPoDjynfwif y0*ig;OD;tm; a&S;OD;pGm a[mMum; G D awmfraom odrarGUvonfY tESpref tESpjf rwfwjYkd zifY jynfpvsuf l f S fG Y Hk
M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 30

av;eufxckuvaom tEIe;tzGUJ wjkYd zifY >yrf;aom ] "rpMum}d d f S f ESiYf Ak'j rwfpm y&deAmefpvecgeD; >rufMum;cJaom tvGeyif G d H Gf Y f eufeorarGU ow0gwd\ [',tMunf"mwfukd ,lBuK;EdionfY J df Yk H kf ][E 'ged bdua0 tmrE,mrd a0g? 0,"rm ocFg&m}-[laom aemufqkH;rdeYfcGe;awmfonf f ]Ak'jrwfpm udk,awmfwkdi\ w&m;a'oem G f f awmfppf? rkcygXfawmfppfrsm; jzpfMuavonf/} wzef ygVdAk'bmomusr;rsm;ESiYf ou#Ak'bmomusr; f f rsm;udk EIi;,SOa0zefMunfjY yefuvnf; usr;apmifEpapmifv; d f f f S f kH wGif yg0ifonfY xyfww&m;awmfrsm;udk Ak'j rwfpm\ rkcygXf l G awmftppfrsm;[k rSwom;pG,Ekiayonf/ xdkjY yif ]"ry'}wGif f J l d f yg0ifonfY rsm;pGmaom *gxmawmfrsm;? O'gef;rsm;? wd0wursm; k ESiYf r[my&deAmeokwwif yg0ifonfY rsm;pGmaom tpdwtydi;f d f G f k rsm;? 0denf;awmfrsm;wGif yg0ifonfY q,fyg;oDv? ygwdarmufEiYf S tjcm;pnf;rsO;f rsm;onfvnf; Ak'j rwfpm ud,awmfwif rdeMYf um;cJY G k f kd aom w&m;awmfrkcygXfrsm; jzpf&ayrnf/ ------ 0 ------

M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 31

]]Ak'bmompmaywGif rSwfwdkifuJYodkYjzpfaom o*Fg,emwifyGJrsm;}} ]]y|ro*Fg,emwifyGJ}} yd#uawmfrsm;onf wcsewnf;ESiYf kwcsn;f tm;vk; xGuf df f H ay:xGef;um;vmonf r[kwfay/ ,ckvuf&Sd tajctaeodkY a&muf&ef wqifxufwqif?Y wacwfrwacwf wjznf;jznf; Y S wdk;yGm;us,jf yefY zGHUNzdK;om vm&avonf/ ygVdy#uawmfukd d pkaqmif;&m ,ckvuf&tajcodwkif wdk;yGm;us,jf yefY zGUH NzdK;vm dS kY d &mwGif o*Fg,emwifyJGrsm;onf rSwwkdiobG,f jzpfaMumif; f f todtrSwf jyK&ayrnf/ bk&m;jrwfpm y&deAmefpveawmfrNl yD;aemuf &ufowywf G d H Gf tenf;i,ftwGi;wGif y|ro*Fg,emwifyukd usi;yavonf/ f JG f y|ro*Fg,emwifyEiYf 'kw,o*Fg,emwifyJG taMumif;t&m JG S d rsm;udk 0denf;awmf pkv0*f tOD;tapmqk; tjzpf azmfjyxm;onf H udk awGU&& aemuf'y0if? r[m0if tp&SonfY ordi;f rsm;wGif dS D d k vnf; wzef azmfjyxm;onfukd awGU&&jyefonf/ dS bk&m;jrwfpm y&deAmef pHveawmfraomtcg &[ef; &Sif G d Gf l vltaygif;wdYk ESajrmwo ,lusK;r&jzpfMupOf ]okb'}-trnf&dS H &[ef;BuD;wyg;onf &[ef;wdtm; atmufygtwdi;f vduv0g' Yk k k f H jzefY\/
M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 32

]]igY&SiwkdY-rylaqG;MuygavESiYf/ rwrf;wMu f ygavESi/ &Sia*gwr&SpOfu t&mudk oif Yf f d wdYk vkyxuonf? t&mum; oifwkdYESiYf f kd f rxdkuf ponfjzifY igwdktm; wm;jrpfywyif Y d f avY &S\/ ,ckrl igY&iwYkd vGwvyfavNyD/ d Sf f igY&SiwkdYtvdk&&m vkyykdiEkdiavNyD}} f Sd f f f okb'\ txufyg0g'jzefcsuukd &Sir[muy Mum; Y f f odav&m 0denf;awmfpnf;rsO;rsm; ysujf ym;oGm;rnfukd pd;&GUH awmf f k rlojzif?Y &[ef;taygif;udk pk&;apNyD;aomf y|rtBudro*Fg,em Hk f wifyJG usi;y&ef pdki;jyif;avawmYonf/ f f &Sir[muytrSL;&Saom &[ef;wdonf &mZN*dK[jf ynf f d Yk owyPvP*wi;f pk&;aqG;aEG;NyD;vQif w&m;ESiywfoufonf d kd f l G Hk Yf wdukd &SiemeEmtm; ajzMum;apNyD;oumv? 0denf;awmfEiYf pyf Yk f S vsO;f vmaomf &SiOygvdtm; ar;jref;pkprf;um y|rtBudrajrmuf f H f o*Fg,emwifyJG usi;f yNyD;vQi?f w&m;awmfrsm;("r)ESiYf pnf;rsO;f rsm;(0de,)udk ("r0e,o*F[) pkaygif;Muavonf/ d w&m;awmf("r)udvnf; atmufygtwdi; (e0*F)ud;ydi; k kf k kf ydki;Muavonf/ f 1/ okw=pum;ajyjzifYa[maom w&m;awmfrsm;/ f 2/ a*,s=pum;ajyESi*gxm a&mpyfa[maom w&m; Yf awmfrsm;/
M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 33

3/ 4/ 5/ 6/

a0,smu&P=&Si;vif;csu?f a0zefcsursm;/ f f *gxm=*gxmrsm;/ O'ge=O'gef;rsm;=usL;&ifYjcifrsm;/ wd0kwu=wd0kwH b*0wm tpcsaom bk&m; D jrwfpm\ rdece;wdkrsm;/ G Yf G f 7/ Zmwu=bk&m;avmif;Zmwfawmfrsm;(jzpfpOfrsm;)/ 8/ tAKw=tHYbG,fo&Jrsm;/ (tAKw"r)=tHYzG,o&Jjzpfaom w&m;rsm;/ f 9/ a0'v=tar;tajzoabmrsKd ;jzifY nTeMf um;csursm;/ f onfum; bk&m;jrwfpm\ w&m;awmfrsm;udk oufqif G kd &m trsKd ;tpm; taMumif;t&mtvduf uefowfxm;jcif;rQ jzpf k Y onf/ jynfpuvonfY usr;f apmifBuD;ud;apmif taetxm; tjzpf Y Hk Hk Hk k jzifY pkaygif;uefowf ydki;jcm;xm;jcif; r[kway/ Y f f
yd#uawmf wpfckvk;udk y|ro*Fg,emwifyyif tNyD;tpD; H JG pkaqmif;onf[k qdkygu w&m;enf;vrf;rSeuefrnf r[kwacs/ f f

odaomf y|ro*Fg,emwifywif w&m;awmfrsm;ESiYf pnf; Yk JG G rsO;f rsm;udk pkaqmif;Muonfum; trSeyifjzpf jznfpucsursm; f YG f f udrl aemufrS wjznf;jznf; xnfoi;avonf/ k Y Gf ,ckvuf&dS yd#uawmfrsm;onf y|ro*Fg,emwifywif JG G rnfonfenf;ESirQ ,ckvuf&dS tajctae tjzpfjzifY pkaqmif;NyD; Y Yf pD;Edkirnf r[kwwef&m/ f f
M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 34

0denf;awmf pkv0*f y|ro*Fg,emwifyomru 'kw, JG d o*Fg,emwifyJG taMumif;t&mrsm;udkyg tjynftpkH azmfjyxm; Y jcif;udk axmuf? a&S;*dkP;om;rsm;udk pGvrf;vsuf &Saom I f J d ]]y|ro*Fg,emwifywif yd#uawmfwckv;kH udk tNyD;tpD;pkaqmif; JG G onf}}[lonfY ,kMH unfcsuonfvnf; t,lonf;vGe;f ,krm; f HS bG,&m? a0zefawG;awm apm'uwuf bG,&myif jzpfayonf/ f f wzef y|ro*Fg,emwifyJG usi;yonf&ufukd tao f Y tcsm ok;oyfjyefyguvnf;? yd#uok;ykv;kH udk tNyD;tpD; pkaqmif; H H H Edki&eftwGuf usi;yonf&ufonf wdkawmif;vSb\/ pifppf f f Y d y|ro*Fg,emwifyJG usi;yjcif;onf yd#uawmf aygufym; f G xGujf yL xGe;f um;vmap&ef tpysKd ;ay;aom tajccHrsKd ;apY csrwf S jcif;rQom jzpfonf[k qdk&ayrnf/ y|ro*Fg,emwifyJG tu,fpifppf usi;yjzpf-rjzpf[l f a[m jyemESiYf ywfoufvnf; ynm&Sitaygif; tjiif;yGm; f vsuf &SMd ujyefonf/ ]]yXro*Fg,emwifyonf &mZ0ifvm tcsuf JG r[kw/ xdk;Zmwf?xGiZmwf? vkyZmwfom jzpf& f f f ayrnf/ okb'&[ef;taMumif;ESiYf ywfouf pkv0*f4if;? r[my&deAmeokw4if; a&;om; d f azmfjyxm;aomfvnf;? okb'aMumifY o*Fg,em wif&onfqkaom tcsuukd pkv0*fom awGU d f
M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 35

&S& r[my&deAmefowum; o*Fg,emwif d d k f onftaMumif;ESiYf ywfouf azmfjyxm;onf Y udk pdk;pOf;rQ rawGU&/onfukaxmufyXr d I o*Fg,emwifyJG usi;yonfqkjd cif;rSm rjzpfEki}} f d f txufyg,lqcsuum; ]]tdv'ifbmY*}-rnfaom *smref f k f f okcrdeBf uD;\ ,lqcsuf jzpfownf;/ odaomf &D;Zfa'0pf? uef;? a&muf[v?f aygifpif(ylpif) kY d paom tjcm; taemufwi;f ynm&SBd uD;wdurl yd#uawmfwckv; kd Yk Hk udk y|ro*Fg,emwifyrm tNyD;tpD; pkaqmif;Muonf[aom JG S l tcsuom a&S;*dP;f om;wdEiYf 0g'csi;f rwduqiaomfvnf; f k Yk S k f kd f y|ro*Fg,emwifyJG wu,fusi;f yjzpfaMumif;udum; ,kMH unfMu k avonf/ bk&m;jrwfpm y&deAmef pHveawmf rlNyD;onfaemuf bk&m; G d Gf Y jrwfpm\ wynfom; &[ef;rsm;ESiYf bk&m;jrwfpm\ t,l0g'udk G Y G ouf0if,MHk unfMuolwpw0,f? txl;ojzifY bk&m;jrwfpm a[m Yk d d f G Mum;awmfrcaom w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;? csrwynwfawmfrcYJ l YJ S f l aom 0denf;odumyk'rsm;ESiYf ywfouf ,krm;oHo, 'G[ f HS d jzpfaeMupOf bk&m;jrwfpmonf rnfoaom w&m;a'oemawmf G Ykd wdkukd oGeoifneMf um;cJonf? &[ef;wdkY vdkuem&ef rnfonfY Y f T Y f 0denf;awmfoumyk'wukd ynwfconf[aom jyemt&yf&yfukd d f Ykd YJ l wdiyifaqG;aEG; ok;oyf&ef twGu?f jrwfpmbk&m;\ wynfom; kf H G Y
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ygVdpmayordki; f 36

ax&fjrwfBuD;rsm;onf twlwuG pkkH;aqG;aEG;Murnfrsm;um; obm0t& jzpfEkionfY tcsuyif/ d f f ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 37

]]'kwd, o*Fg,emwifyGJ}} ygVdpmayordki;aMumif;bufuae MunfYvQif 'kw, f d o*Fg,emwifyonf ta&;rBuD;vSaomfvnf;? Ak'omoema&; JG bufuae Munfygrl txl;ta&;yg t&ma&mufv\/ taMumif; Y S um; o*Fg,emwifywif Ak'omoemawmfBuD; tBuD;tus,f JG G *dkPf;uGJrIBuD; pwifay:aygufvmum ]r[moCu}-[l *dP;f opfwck jzpfay;vmNyD;vQif 4if;*dP;f uvnf; ]r[mo*w}k k d [laom o*Fg,emwifyBJG u;wck tBu; tus,f usi;f yjcif;aMumifY D D wnf;/ onfyif r[m,me*dP;f aygufym;xGe;f um;&ef tajccH k G tkwjf rpfcsjcif; jzpfavawmY\/ 'kw,o*Fg,emwifyukd bk&m;jrwfpm y&deAmefpveNf yD; d JG G d H G aemuf?ESpw&mtMumwGif a0omvDjynf usi;yavonf/ xdk f f o*Fg,emwifyJG usi;f y&onfY t"du&nf&,csuum; 0denf;awmf G f f pnf;rsO;f rsm;ESiYf ywfouf txl;ojzifY tcsKd Uwwd tvZ*P;f d D kd om;wd\ q,fcsuaomt,l0g'udk wGe;f vSeNf zdKzsuf wducu&ef Yk f k f kd f jzpf\/ 'kw,o*Fg,emwifyokYd E,ajrmufyki; t&yfa'o d JG d d f tm;vkH;rS Ak'bmom0if &[ef;taygif;wdkY wufa&mufMu &Sia&0w? &SioAumrd tp&Saom ax&fBuD;rsm;u BuD;rSL;ur f f d ux jyKMuavonf/

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a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 38

]]q,fyg;aom t0de,0wKrsm;}} (1) od*avmPuy/ / om;csKd jzifY qm;udxnf qm;r&Sd k Y aomtcg ,m0umvduabmZOfEiYf a&mpm;jcif;onf S &[ef;wdkYtm;tyf\-[k t,l&jSd cif;/ (2) 'G*kFvuy/ / aerGe;f wnf t&dyvufEpopfverS Y f Sf Gf ,m0umvduabmZOfukd pm;jcif;onf &[ef;wdktm; Y tyf\[k t,l&jdS cif;/ (3) *grE&uy/ / wefNyD-[k jrpfraomabmZOfukd twd d &du0enf;uHrjyKbJ &Gmwyg;odkom;tH[k ESvk;jyK f d Y G Y H pm;jcif;onf &[ef;wdktm;tyf\[k t,l&jdS cif;/ Y (4) tm0gouy/ /odrwckwnf;wGif txl;xl;aomae&m f ae toD;toD; uHaqmifjcif;onf &[ef;wdtm; Yk tyf\[k t,l&jdS cif;/ (5) tEkrwduy/ / ra&mufvmao;aom &[ef;wd\ Yk tvdkqEoabmwlnDcsuukd,l uHaqmifjcif;onf f &[ef;wdktm;tyf\[k t,l&jdS cif;/ Y (6) tmpdPuy/ / q&mOyZm,fw\ t,ltavY[oa&GU Ykd l onf tyf\[k t,l&jdS cif;/ (7) trxdwuy/ / Ed&nfjzpfuvnf; rpGeao;? Ed"rf; Yk kd Yf Yk tjzpfovnf; ra&mufao;aom Ed&nfukd y0g&dwoifY Ykd Yk f aom&[ef;onf twd&u0enf;uH rjyKbJ pm;jcif;? d f d aomufjcif;iSmoif\[k t,l&jdS cif;/ Y
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a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 39

(8) uywd Zavm* ygwk/ / aoEkuaomufjcif;iSm &[ef; H kd wdktm;tyf\[k t,l&jdS cif;/ Y (9) uywd t'ouH edo'eH/ / tqmr&Saom edo'ionf D d D kd f &[ef;wdktm;tyf\[k t,l&jdS cif;/ Y (10) uywd Zmwly &ZwH/ / a&TaiGukd tvScjH cif;onf l &[ef;wdkYtm;tyf\-[k t,l&jSd cif;/ ------ 0 ------

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a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 40

]]wwd, o*Fg,emwifyGJ}} pmayavmubufrS Munfygrl wwd,o*Fg,emwifyJG Y onf txl; ta&;BuD;vS\/ oD[Vordi;f rsm;t& bk&m;jrwfpm kd f k G y&deAmef pHveNf yD;aemuf ESpaygif;(236)ESptMum? c&pfrwdkirD d G f f f wwd,&mpkEpwi?f yg#vdywjf ynf ]&Sir[marm*vyww} Sf G k f dk d BuD;rSL; wwd,o*Fg,emwifyBJG uD;udk usi;yavonf/ f xdtcsetcg Ak'bmom oCFm*dP;f awmfBuD;onf (18) k df k *dP;f jym;vsu&&m? a&S;tusq;ESiYf rl&if;*dP;f jzpfaom ax&0g' k f dS Hk k *dP;f (odr[kw) 0dbZ0g'*dP;f BuD;twGuf yd#uwck pkaygif; k Yk f k jyKpk&ef vdktyf vmawmYonf/ taMumif;um; taomubk&if bke;f orm&Searmuf xGe;f df awmufonfYtcg0,f ax&0g'*dkP;BuD;onf bk&ifukd,wkdif f f ouf0if,MHk unf di;f yif;ulntm;ay;onfY *dP;f BuD;jzpfonf tm; k D k avsmpm? waeYwjcm; 'Da&tvm; wdk;yGm;zGUH NzdK;vmonfEitrQ f G S Yf tjcm;*dP;wdonf wefc;awZm qkw,wum toufarG;0rf; k f Yk kd f k f ausmif;twGuyif tcuftcJrsm;pGm BuKMH uawmY\/ ,if;aMumifY f vnf; tjcm;*dP;f om;wdonf ax&0g'*dP;f odYk tajrmuftjrm; k Yk k qufo,c0if vmMu&krQru olw\ t,l0g'udyif ax&0g' G f kd H Ykd k *dkP;\ t,l0g'rsm;a,mifa,mif 0g'jzefviMYf uuke\/ xdjkY yif f Y T f ax&0g'*dkPf;BuD;\ w&m;a'oemrsm;onf rl&if;rlrSefb0rS
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ygVdpmayordki; f 41

tkwta&ma&m ausmufta&ma&mjzpfum rl&if;rlrer[kwonfY f Sf f tjcm;*dP;f wd\ taESmift,Suf ya,m*wdaMumifY nSKd ;rSenpfEr;f k Yk Y Yk df G &rnfY tE&m,fruif; jzpfvmacsawmYonf/ bk&iftaomuonf ax&0g'*dP;f udk di;f yif;ulntm; k k D ay;onf[k qd&apumrl wwd,o*Fg,emwifyurum; ud,f k JG kd l k wdiBf uD;rSL; uruxrjyKojzifY taomuausmufpmrsm;wGif o*Fg k ,emwifyEiYf ywfouf rnfoaom tud;tum;udrQ azmfjy JG S Ykd k k xm;jcif; rawGU&&ay/ xdaMumifY yg#vdywjf ynf usi;yaom dS Yk k f wwd,o*Fg,emwifywif pkaqmif;onfY ygVdy#uawmfonf JG G d Ak'oCFm*dP;f wGif *dP;f uGrI tBuD;tus,f jzpfym;NyD;aemufom k k J G ruao;? oCFm*dkP;BuD;(18)*dkP; uGJjym;NyD;aemufrSomvQif f f pkaygif;jcif; jzpfavonf/ wwd,o*Fg,emwify\ tBuD;trSL;jzpfol arm*vyw JG dk wdr[max&fonf E,jynfwi;jynfy e,fy,ftESUH tjym; d G f odYk omoemjyKrsm; apvTw&m xdomoemjyKrsm;wGif taomu\ f k om;awmf ]&Sir[dE}vnf; wOD;tygt0if jzpfawmfravonf/ f l &Sir[dEonf wwd,o*Fg,emwifywif jyKpk pkaqmif; f JG G aom yd#uawmfrukd ,laqmif oD[VuRe;f odYk <uawmfrNl yD;vQif l kd f oD[Vom; &[ef;rsm;tm; yd#uawmfukd EIwwuftm*kH urf;vSr;f kd f f awmfronf/ ,cko;pGvQu&aom yd#uawmfonf yg#vdykwf l kH J f dS
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ygVdpmayordki; f 42

jynf jyKpkaom yd#uawmfyif jzpfonf/ ArmjynfokdYvnf; omoemjyKapvTwaMumif; vm&S&m yd#uawmftm;vk;udk wcsef f d H d wnf;ESiYf kwjf cnf;tNyD;owf pkaqmif;onf r[kw/ wjznf;jznf; f ESiYf o*Fg,emwifyrsm; usi;f yum pkaqmif;jcif;om jzpfayonf/ JG o*Fg,emwifyrsm;teuf yg#vdywjf ynfwif usi;f yaom JG k G wd,o*Fg,emwifyonf ta&;tBuD;qk;aom o*Fg,emwif JG H yGBJ uD;yif jzpfownf;/ ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 43

]]yd#uawmfoufwrf;ESifY ou&mZf}} yd#uawmfordki;oufwrf;udk aocsmpGm pdppfrnfqkyg f d u pifppfw&m;awmfrsm;ESihf pnf;rsO;f rsm;udk a&S;OD;pwifpaqmif; k &ef rsKd ;aphcsay;aom y|ro*Fg,emwifyrS aemufqk; c&pfEpf JG H S rwdkirD (80)ckEp?f oD[kVbk&if ]tb,0*grPd}vufxuf f S d f bk&if\trdeYjf zifh tu&mtjzpf ayxufwifonfhwkdiatmifyif f jzpfonf/ bk&if tb,0*grPd vufxufwif Ediia&;tajc G kfH taeonf ab;ya,m* taESmift,Sursm;pGmwdkaMumifh txl; h f Y yifyaxG; ayGvvsu&\/ xdtcsuukd axmufraom bk&if If D f dS k f Id 0*grPdonf yd#uawmfjrwfukd tu&mtjzpf ayxufwifum odkr;rxm;aomf 0rf;enf;bG,&m wdraumyaysmufom;aprnfh DS f f G t&dyerwrsm;udk qifjcifoHk;oyfravonf/ fd d f d odkY oHk;oyfronftwdki;vnf; a&S;tqufqufu w d h f acwfrwacwf wqifxufwqifh EIwwuftm*Hkaqmifc&aom S h f hJ yd#uawmfukd c&pfrwdkirD y|r&mpkEpwif a&S;OD;tBudrtjzpf f S f G f ayxuftu&mwifavonf/ xdkayxuftu&mwifNyD; aemufEprsm; yd#uawmfrsm; S f wGif jznfpucsursm; rxnfoi;Edi rxnfoi;awmh[vnf; hG f f h Gf kf h Gf l worwfwnf; ,lqrxm;&m/ od&mwGif pifppfaomfum; jznfh Yk pGucsuxnfoi;&eftaMumif; cJ,Of;vSygbd\/ Armjynfwif f f h G f G rdvEyuoaom usr;f rsm;udk yd#uawmf0if usr;f apmifwpdwf d hJ Ykd
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ygVdpmayordki; f 44

wa'otjzpfjzifh ,lqvsu&vifupm; yd#uawmftjzpf trsm; f dS h oabmwl uefowfxm;aom usr;f apmifrsm;rlum; xdusr;f rsm; Y k udk yd#uawmf0if[k ra&wGuMf uacs/ xdkaMumifh yd#uawmfoufwrf;udk tus,enf;tm;jzifh Y f a&wGuaomf c&pfrwdirD yr&mpkEprS c&pfrwdirD y|r&mpkEpf f kf Sf kf S wdif ESpaygif;av;&mrQ &SnMf umonf[k qd&ayrnf/ twdenf; k f k k tm;jzifh tusO;csKH ; ajymrnfqkyguvnf; yd#uawmfNyD;qHk; f d onfh oufwrf;ESpukd c&pfrwdirD wwd,&mpkEpf wwd,o*Fg f kf S ,emwifyJG tNyD;ESp[k ,lquefYowfEkdi&monf/ f f yd#uawmfukd wwd,o*Fg,emwify tNyD;owf pk JG aqmif;onf? jznfpucsuf tenf;i,frQ xnfoi;vQifvnf; h G f h G f xdkaemufrS jznfpuxnfoi;jcif;jzpf&rnf[k ,HkMunfMuap&ef h G f h G f atmufyg ta&;BuD;aom t"dutcsuBf uD;ESpcsuu axmufcH f f jyqdkaejyefonf/ (1) yd#upmaye,f wavQmufv;Hk wGif taomubk&if pd;pH k NyD;aemuf tjzpftysursm;ESihf oD;jcm;taMumif;t&mrsm; f azmfjyxm;jcif; rawGU&&/ dS (2) yd#uawmfonf tu&mtjzpf ayxufwifjcif; rcH&rD ESpaygif;(200)rQ oD[kdVuRef; a&mufvmwnf&ae f f Sd aomfvnf; oD[kVuRe;ESihf pyfqkionfh t&dyt>ruf d f f d f f rsm;udk wvH;wyg' rQyif yd#uawmfrsm; Tejf yxm; k jcif; rawGU&Sd&/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 45

yd#uawmfwif jznfpucsursm; xnfoi;vdygu xnfh G hG f f h Gf k oGi;Edki&ef taMumif;rsm;pGm&Sapumrl txufyg tcsuEpcsuf f f d f S f udk axmufvsif oD[VuRe; &[ef;y@dwwonf yd#uawmf I kd f f f Ykd yg0ifonfh pmaytaMumif;t&mrsm;udk jznfpujf cif; xkwEkwf h G f jcif; rjyKbJ E,jynfrS a&muf&vmonftwdki; opm&Spm d dS h f d G ul;,l bmomjyefMuaMumif; xif&Sm;avonf/ xdkaMumifh yd#uawmf pkaqmif;NyD;qHk;onfEpukd c&pf Y h S f rwdkirD y|r&mpkEprS wwd,&mpkEpokYd a&TUajymif;um yd#u f S f S f awmfEipyfqiorQ rnfonfusr;udkrqdk ckEpoufwrf;ESihf pyf S hf kd f h f S f qdivmvQi c&pfrwdirD yr&mpkEpEihf wwd,&mpkEptMum; kf f kf SfS Sf wGif uefowfyki;jcm; Edkiayonf/ taMumif;um; xdk&mpkEpf Y d f f S (ESppk) tMum;0,f yd#uawmfonf wdk;yGm;zGUH NzdK; vm&aom f aMumifhwnf;/ yd#uawmftcsKd Uusr;rsm;ESihf tcsKd Utpdwtydki;rsm; tcsKd U f f f usr;*efrsm;ESihf pnf;rsO;rsm;udk txufazmfjyyg &mpkEp(ESppk) f f S f f a&S;ydki;wGipkaqmif; tcsKd UukaESmif;ydki;wGif pkaqmif;Muonf/ f f d f usrf;apmifwpfapmifpD\ ckESpfudkodvdkygu &&SdEdkiforQaom ]jyify taxmuftxm;rsm;ESihf xyfwxyfrQuunrnfh twGi; l kd f D f taxmuftxm;rsm;udk aocsmpGm Edi;,SOapmaMum oH;oyfNyD;rS If f k omvQif cefre; ,lMu&ayrnf/ yd#uawmfusr;apmifrsm;pGm Y Sf f wdkYonfum; acwftrsKd ;rsKd ;ESihf pyfqkdiaom usr;apmifrsm;udk f f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 46

aygif;pkxm;jcif;omjzpfayonf/ Oyrm-Geaygif;o*F[usr;rsm; Yf f onf txl;ojzifh acwftrsKd ;rsKd ;ESihywfouf\/ f tcsuukd axmufojzifvnf; wcgw&H yd#uawmf f I h usr;rsm;ESiywfouf ckEpuefowf&ef tcuftcJawGU&jyefav f hf S f Y onf/ if;jyif yd#uawmfonf txl;tm;jzifh "raMumif; eDwd aMumif;wdEiom ywfouf&um; ckEpEipyfvsO;f oJvep&&S&ef Yk S hf S f S hf Gf d &mZ0iftaxmuftxm;rsm;ESihf tudk;tum;rsm; txl;&Sm;yg;vS ygbdawmif;/ xdaMumifvnf; xdusr;apmifrsm;wGif pl;prf;&SmazG Yk h k f &m &mZ0iftcsutvuf vHvavmufavmuf awGU&&ef cufcJ f k kH dS vSawmh\/ odaomf yd#uawmfoufwrf; tawmfa&S;usaMumif;udr Yk kl txl;ojzifh taqmuftODrsm;ESihf urn;f rsm;rS oJvep taxmuf Gf txm;tajrmuftjrm; &&SEkiayonf/ Ak'bmom ou#pmay d d f uvnf; ygVdy#uawmfoufwrf; tvGea&S;usaMumif;udk tcdif d f k tvHk oufaojyonfjh yif ou#ESihf ygVdy#uawmfrsm;vnf; d pmaywlncsuf ajrmufjrm;pGm awGU&&jyefonf/ ou#yd#uonf D dS aESmif;acwfrS ay:ayguf ygVdy#uawmfum; ou#yd#uawmf d xuf acwftm;jzifh a&S;usaMumif; xif&m;vSb\/ S d bk&iftaomuonf ol\wdki;oljynfom;wdkYtm; om f oema&;bufwif apwemxufoef yg&rDwk;yGm;&ifusuap&ef G d h f
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a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 47

&nfTef;NyD;oumv &mZoHaygif;rsm;pGm xkwfjyefawmfrlcJh&m ]]bmjAL}}ausmufpm bk&iftaomuonf atmufygtwdki; f &mZoH rSwawmfrlcJhavonf/ f ]]bk&m;jrwfpm a[mMum;rde>Yf rufawmfrcorQaom w&m; G l hJ a'oemawmfwkdi; rkcyg|fawmfwkdi;onf tm;vHk;aumif;onf f f f csnf;omwnf;}} wzef omoemhta&awmfuk0wfkHol &[ef;a,musm; d f &[ef;rde;rwdktwGuom r[kwao; bmoma&;udki;di;ol f Y f f f I f Oygoum Oygodum vl0wfaMumifwtbdvnf; MunfnKd jrwf Ykd Yk Ed;pGm vdupm;Edi&eftwGuf bk&iftaomuonf atmufygvuf k k f kf a&G;pif usr;f (7)usr;f udk txl;ojzifh Tejf ywduwe;f xm;cJao; k f G h \/ xdvufa&G;pifusrf (7)usr;ESiywfoufvnf; vlrsKd ;t k f hf oD;oD; ynm&SBd uD;rsm; t,ltquGJjym;vsuf &Sjd yefao;onf/ ------ 0 ------

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a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 48

]]vufa&G;pifusrf; (7)usrf;}} (1) 0de,-orkuao = (omrkuHoum"ra'oem) d "rpuy0weokwf jzpfwef&monf/ (2) tvd,-0omed = ('ot&d,0gom) od*wow?f d k 'DCedum,f0if 'okw&okwEihf t*FwKd & yg0ifaom fS k f TefMum;csufrsm;/ (3) tem*wb,med = tem*wb,okwrsm; = ... f t*Fkw&edum,f/ (4) rke*gxm = okweygw0if rkeowf jzwfwef&monf/ d d d k (5) armae,sokaw = (armae,sokw) wd0kwuESihf f t*Fkw&wGif yg0ifonf/ d f (6) Oywd yodae = Oywd yodookwrsm; = f okweygwf om&dykwokw/ d f (7) vm[kavm0ga' rkom0g'rd *dqs b*0wm Aka"e bmodaw = rZredum,f trv|du&m[kavm0g' d okwf/ txufyg usr;ckESpusr;onfum; ]0ifwmepf}rnf f f f aom taemufwi;ynm&SBd uD;\ tvdwnf;/ t&Sitm'dp0o\ kd f k f H ]]taomuausmufpmawmf bmomjyefusr;}}tcef;(6)rlum; f atmufygtwdki; jyqdkxm;onfukd awGU&&jyef\/ f Sd

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ygVdpmayordki; f 49

1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6?

t&d,0Hookwef/ tem*wb,okwfrsm;/ rke*gxm = rkeow/ d d k f armae,sokwf Oywdyodookwfrsm;/ &m[kavm0g'okwefrsm;/

vufa&G;pifusr;f (7)usr;f onf ygVdy#uawmfwif yg0if d G onfh okwawmfrsm; pmydk'rsm;ESihf trsm;tm;jzifh xyfwxyfrQ f f l udkunDaeonfukd awGU&S&avonf/ f d cJ,Of;vSpmaom taxmuftxm;udk a0zefoHk;oyf G jyefyguvnf; bk&iftaomuvufxuf okwEi0enf; yd#u f S hf d awmfpwck xGujf yLay:xGe;f NyD;om; &SaeaMumif;rSm cdivvawmh k d k f kH S \/ bk&iftaomuonf xdky#uawmfpkrS ta&;tBuD;qHk;ESihf d &[ef;&SivwtwGuf woufvsm tusKd ;jzpfxe;f aprnf[k ,lq f l Ykd G aom usr;apmif(7)apmifukd vufa&G;piftjzpf a&G;cs,aumuf f f Ekwfxm;jcif;omjzpf&ayrnf/ wzef tjcm;xyfwlxyfrQjzpfaom tvm;wltaxmuf txm;rsm;vnf; &Sacsao;onf/ d ]]b&[kw}}ESihf ]]o}}ykxk;awmfBuD;wdkonf E, f D d Y d tv,fykdi;wGif wnf&Saom txl;xif&Sm;vSonfh Ak'bmom f d taqmuftODBuD;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ xdkykxdk;awmfBuD;ESpfck\
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ygVdpmayordki; f 50

ausmufvuf&ef;rsm;ESihf wHcg;rkc0rsm;wGif bk&m;jrwfpm\ Zmwf f G awmfrsm;ESihf a&;jc,fxi;vkyxm;aom yef;csyef;ykrsm;udk awGU&& Gf f D dS avonf/ Zmwfawmfrsm;\ trnfrsm;ESihf Zmwfawmfwwif yg0if Ykd G onfhtcPf;rsm;udkvnf; a&;xdk;xm;&m ausmufwkkdPESihf f wHcg;rkcwif cif;jyxm;aom Zmwfawmfrsm;rSvnf; cdkivkaom f G f H taxmuftxm;rsm; &Edkijf yefonf/ Zmwfawmfrsm;udk a&;xGi;onftcse rnfonfenf; f h df h ESirqdk a&S;tvsiuay:aygufNyD;om; Zmwfawmfrsm; &SNd yD;jzpf& hf f ayrnf/ ray:aygufao; r&Sao;[l rnforQjiif;uG,f EdiMf u d l k rnfr[kwacs/ odaomf Zmwfawmf(550)tm;vH; ay:aygufNyD;[k f Yk k qdkygrlum; t,lonf;vGe;&m usayrnf/ ykxk;awmfBuD;rsm; f d wGif a&;xGi;f xm;aom Zmwfawmfrsm;ESiywfouf taemufwi;f hf kd om; y@dwrsm;u c&pfrwdirD 'kw,&mpkEp(odr[kw) wwd, f kf d S f Yk f &mpkESpavmufu ay:aygufjcif;jzpf&rnf[k ,lqMu\/ f Zmwfawmfrsm;tjyif ylaZmfyoxm;aom tjcm;ausmuf pmrsm;udkvnf; awGU&&ao;\/ xdkausmufpmrsm;uvnf; a&S; dS tvsitvsiu yd#uawmf(odr[kw) yd#uawmfrsm;\ wpdwf hf f Yk f wa'o ay:aygufcJhaMumif; Tejf yxm;Mujyef\/ u? ypaeum,du = yaeum,du = edum,fig;usr;f t&Sif/ c? ay#ud = ay#uD = yd#uawmfwif ESUH pyfaomyk*Kd v/ G f *? bmPu = &Gwqo/ f kd l
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a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 51

C? okwwu = okweusr;aqmifo/ H d f f l i? "ruxdu = w&m;a[myk*Kd vf/ awGU&&aom ausmufpmrsm;wGif txufygpum;toHk; Sd tEIe;f rsm; a&;xGi;f xm;onfukd awGU&&jyefojzifvnf; c&pfrwdif dS h k rD 'kw,&mpkEprwdicifu yd#uawmfwck wnf&NdS yD;jzpfaMumif; d Sf kf qHk;jzwfcsufxkwf,lEdkifjyefonf/ xdpOftcg ,ckeum,fig;usr;f ydi;f ouJoYkd yd#uawmf k d k h udk edum,fig;usr; ydki;xm;avonf/ Zmwfawmfrsm;rSmvnf; f f ta&twGuom ,ckZmwfawmfrsm;ESihf uGjJ ym;aumif; uGjJ ym; f ayrnf/ trsKd ;tpm;rlum; tax0wnf;yif jzpf&ayrnf/ ]]awyd#uESihf yd#uw,}}paom tac:ta0:rsm;udk c&pfEpf y|r&mpkEpwif xGujf yLay:aygufonf[k cefre;,lq S S f G Y Sf Muaom rdvEyOmusr; y|rqHk;tBudrf oHk;EIe;xm;onfukd d f f awGU&Sd&\/ txufazmfjyyg taxmuftxm;wdukd twdtus tao Yk tcsm Edi;cseo;oyfygu c&pfrwdirD wwd,&mpkEpf wwd, I f d f kH kf S o*Fg,emwify yd#uawmfukd tNyD;owfpaqmif;jcif; jzpf&rnf JG k [laom ,HkMunfcsuukd cdkirmav;euf apavawmhonf/ f f ------ 0 -----M.A.

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ygVdpmayordki; f 52

]]ygVdyd#uawmfudk rm*"Djzifh pkaqmif;avoavm}} ]]ygVdonf rm*"Dyifavavm}} oD[VtpOftvmu ,ckvuf&dS yd#uawmfonf yg#vd kd f ykwjf ynf pkaqmif;cJaom yd#uawmfEihf twlwyif jzpfonf[k h S l qdk\/ yg#vdykwjf ynfonf r*"tifyg,mEdkiiBH uD;\ NrdKUawmf f jzpf&um; yd#uawmfukd rm*"Djzifyif pkaqmif;Muayrnf/ oD[Vf h kd Ak'bmom &[ef;y@dwrsm;u ]yd#uoH;} bmomudk ]rm*"D} f k [k ac:qdMk u\/ od&mwGif ygVdbmomudk ]r*"Ediio;bmom} Yk k f H kH ]rm*"D}tjzpfjzifh vufc,kHMunfEki&eftwGurum; tcuftcJ H d f f l tcsKd U BuHKae&jyefayonf/ ]ygVd}[laomyk'onf =]rl&if;usr;} =tbd"rygVd f f [lif;? ]yd#uawmfoHk;}bmom[lif; teuft"dyg,f&\/ rm*"DEiywfoufonfh todPfukd E,ta&SUyki; awGU&& S hf d d f dS aom taomuausmufpmrsm;rSif;? tjcm;ausmufpmrsm;ESifh rm*"Dpmydk'rsm;yg0ifaom aESmif;acwfou# jyZmwfrsm;rSif; f avhvmqnf;yl;Edki&m t"dutcsursm;wGif rm*"Donf ygVdrS f f uGvaMumif; txift&Sm; awGU&&\/ J JG dS Oyrm-uwKum&u{u0kpue;f ykviEihf eykviemrfrsm; f d d f S d f twGuf rm*"Dwif ]{} ESiqk; ygVdwif ]Mo} ESihf ]tH} wd G hf H G kY toD;oD; qk;Mu\/ rm*"D ]ykaw} rSm ygVd ]ykawm}jzpf H
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ygVdpmayordki; f 53

rm*"D ]okac}rSm ygVd ]okc}jzpfavonf/ if;jyif ou#]o} H oH;rsKd ;udk ygVdwif 'EZ (oGm;oH) ]o}wvH;wnf;ESihf tpm;oH; k G k k xm; ]rm*"D}wGirum; ]o}rSm rk'Z (tmacgifO;)oH wck f l D wnf;yifjzpfonf/ xdkjY yif tjcm;uGvcsursm;rSmvnf; pdw0ifpm;bG,&m J JG f f f aumif;vSaomaMumifh ygVdukd rm*"DESihf twlwlyifjzpfonf[k ,lq&ef cJ,Of;vS\/ ygVdonf r*"wdi;oH;bmomESihf tqif kf k rwlHkrQru wbuf E,jynf taemufykdi; ]*d&em}wGif d f f awGU&aom ]taomuausmufpmoHk;bmom}ESihf rsm;pGmqifwl Sd vsuf aeayaMumif;/ xdk ]*d&emausmufpm} uwKum&u f {u0kpue;onf ygVdrSmuJhokdYyif awGU&S&jyefonf/ f df d xdaMumifyif tcsKd Uy@dwrsm;u a&SUowqifwuf (ygVd Yk h f Ykd h onf rm*"D uJoaom ]ta&SUe,f a'ooH;} pum;tac:ta0: h Ykd k 0,f tajcrjyK/ ]taemufe,f a'ooHk;} pum;tay:om tajcwnfrjDS irf;jyK\)[k ,lqMujyef\/ ,lqcsuEihf xyfwl fS xyfrQ udkunDaom taxmuftxm;wckum; oD[kdVuRef;odkY f f E,jynfrS yd#uawmfrsm; yifaqmifom;ol bk&iftaomu\ d h G om;awmf &Sir[dEonfvnf; taomutifyg,m taemufa'o f wGif NrdKUawmfjzpfaom OaZewi;om; Zmwdbm;jzpf\/ xdaMumifh D kd f G Yk ygVdaygufzGm;&ma'oudk ta&SUykdi;a'o[k owfrSwrnfhtpm; f f taemufykdi;a'o[k owfrSw,lqMu&ayrnf/ f f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 54

jyemESiywfouf taxmuftxm;&&S&ef bk&m; hf d jrwfpGmudk,fawmfwdkif csrSwfawmfrlcJhaom atmufyg txl; ta&;BuD;onfh pnf;rsO;wckukdvnf; apmaMumoifhayao;\/ f ]]igh&SiwkdY igbk&m;\ rkcygXfawmfrsm;udk toD; f
oD; rdrwkdY bmompum;&yfrsm;jzifh avhvmrSwf d om;&ef cGiYjf yKawmfrlonf} }

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ygVdpmayordki; f 55

azG&m aomfvnf; S rawGU&Sd&ao;ay/

rm*"Dy#uawmfrEihf pyfvsO; oJvep d l S f Gf

odaomf ygVdronf rm*"DrEihf tBuD;tus,f ruGvEif Yk l lS J J G kd aMumif; tenf;i,frQom uGvrnfjzpfaMumif;udum; txl;owd J JG k csyMf u&ayrnf/ tb,faMumifqaomf rm*"DEihf ygVdonf t&yf h kd S oHk; (a'oD)pum;taejzifom uGvaomaMumifwnf;/ if;jyif h J JG h yd#uawmfonf &[ef;wd\ rSwPfwnf;[laom OD;aPSmuf kY f taqmuftODBuD; twGi;om ude;atmif;wnf&vsuf aeao; f f dS aMumif;/ taumiftxnfjy&ef tu&mwifNyD; ayrl usr;rl f [l bmrQr&Sao;aMumif;udkvnf; owdrarhoifhMuay/ d jyemESiywfouf t,ltqtrsKd ;rsKd ; uGjJ ym;vsuf hf &S&m xdkt,ltq trsKd ;rsKd ;wdkYukd tm;vHk;aphpyfoGm;apvdkaom d &nf&,csujf zifh taemufwi; y@dwBf uD; ]0ifwmepf}u ygVd G f kd f onf rm*"DEihf uGvonf[k qd&aomfvnf; tjcm; rnfonfh S J JG k bmompum;&yfEirQ vH;0rudun[k qdNk yD;oumv ]ygVdy#u S hf k k f D d onf rm*"Dyd#uyifjzpfonf}-[laom oD[dkVftpOftvmudk axmufcavonf/ pmayoH; bmomtm;vH;uJoyif ygVdonf H k k h Ykd ]&yfok;} pum;trsKd ;rsKd ; aygif;pyfxm;jcif;rS aygufzm;vm&av H G onf/ Ak'omoemawmfBuD;onf E,jynfajrmufyi;f tv,f d kd ydi;ESihf taemufyif wavsmufwif pnfyifjyefym;aomtcg xdk kf kd G YG us,0ef;vSpmaom e,fy,fwif ]e,fokH;}pum; trsKd ;rsKd ;&S&m f G G d
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ygVdpmayordki; f 56

ygVdonf trsm;em;vnfaom trsm;ESipyfqkiaom trsm;oHk; hf d f pum;w&yftaejzifh ay:xGe;f vm&avonf/ xdaMumifh ygVd Yk wGif ]rm*"D} ESihf ]ayompD} tp&Saom bmom&yfw\ tjcif; d Ykd t&mrsm;omru xdacwfxtcsewif vTr;f rd;vsu&aom tjcm; k kd d f G k f dS ]&yfo;pum;} tjcif;t&mrsm;udvnf; awGU&&avonf/ odwap kH k dS Yk ]pmayoH;} bmom&yf pum;onf ]&yfo;}pum;wrsKd ;wnf;rSom k kH xGujf yLvmEdi&um; xdpum;onf ]rm*"D}omvQif teD;pyfq; kf k kH jzpfEdkifayaMumif;/ xdaMumifh ygVdonf rm*"DEihf twlwyif[aom tpOf Yk S l l tvmonf wxpfusreuef&rnf[k rpG,Eiaomfvnf; wenf; Sf J l kd f wvrf;tm;jzifh rSeuefoifoavmuf rSeuefovdkvkd jzpfaeay f h f onf/ ,ck ygVdy#uawmfwonf wwd,o*Fg,emwifywif d kYd JG G pkaqmif;aom yd#uawmfrsm;ESihf rsm;pGmeD;pyfaomfvnf; xyfwl xyfrQ wax0wnf;[lvnf; rqdkEki/ uGvonf[vnf; d f J JG l rqdkomacs/ ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 57

]]ajrmufydkif;Ak'bmomESifh awmifydkif;Ak'bmom}} ygVdpmaywckvHk;udk rMumcP awmifydkif;Ak'bmom pmay[k ac:a0:oH;EIe;f avh&MdS u\/ taMumif;um; ,cktcgwGif k ygVdpmayonf oD[V ArmjynfEihf ,d;',m; paom tmoQwuf kd f S k kd awmifyki;&Sd Ak'bmomvlrsKd ;wdkY twGi;0,f odkr;wnfwvsuf d f f DS hH aejcif;aMumifwnf;/ od&mwGif ygVdy#uawmfrsm;onf awmifyi;f h Yk d kd E,jynfEihf vH;0 tquftpyfr&S&um; uJoaom toH; d S k d h Ykd k tEIe;rsKd ;udk a&SmifEkdiorQ a&SmifMuOftyfayonf/ f f ygVdyd#uawmfpmayrsm;om r[kwfao;? yd#uawmf pmayaemufwGif xGujf yLvmaom yd#uawmf0if r[kwonfh f pmayrsm;onfvnf; oD[kdVSrSif; E,jynfawmifykdi;rSif; f d f xGuay:vmMuaom pmayr[kw/ E,ajrmufyi;f rS xGuay: f f d kd f vmMuaom pmayrsm; jzpfMuonf/ [De,me*dP;trsKd ;rsKd ; &Sonfteuf wckwnf; wnfwhH k f d h vsuf use&aeao;aom ax&0g'*dP;f onf ,cktcg Armjynf f dS k ESihf oD[VuRe;f omvQif pnfyifjyefym;vsu&&m [De,me*dP;f kd f YG f dS k udk awmifyki;Ak'bmom[lvnf; ac:a0:oHk;EIe;avh &SMd ujyef d f f onf/ odkY&mwGif ax&0g'*dkP;ESihf tjcm; [De,me*dkP;wdkY f f pwifaygufyGm;&ma'oonf awmifydkif; r[kwf? ajrmufydkif; r*"wdki;ESihf teD;w0dku&Sd e,fy,fwkdYomvQif jzpfacsonf/ f f

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ygVdpmayordki; f 58

wzef ajrmufyki;Ak'bmom odkr[kwf ajrmufyki;Ak' d f Y d f bmompmay [laom tac:ta0:udkvnf; r[m,me*dkP;ESihf f ou#Ak'bmom pmaywdtwGuf oH;EIe;f Mujyefonf/ ae&m Yk k vnf; pum;toHk;tEIe; ,Gi;rSm;vsuf aeMujyefonf/ pifppf f f ,cktcgwGif r[m,me*dkP;onf wdAuf edaygvf rGe*k;vd f f d ,m; wkyjf ynfEihf *syefjynf tp&Saom tmoQwuajrmufyi;f S d kd f kd EdkifiHrsm; vTrf;rdk;vsuf&Sdaomfvnf; a&S;,cifh,cifurlum; awmifykdi;EdjynfwGif tvm;wl vTr;rdk;cJhonfhjyif wcseu f f df Armjynfwif vTr;rdk;oGm;cJaom t&nf;BuD;wdkonf r[m,me G f h Y *dkP;udk ouf0if,kHMunfrI r[m,me*dkP; tquftEG,rsm; f f f jzpfMuavonf/ if;jyif ou#bmomrSmvnf; r[m,me*dP;f k wckwnf;ESiom oufqiaompmay r[kwacs/ tcsKd U [De,me hf kd f f *dkPf;rsm;uvnf; if;wdkY\pmayudk jzefYjzL;&mwGif ou#udk oHk;pGJcJhMuayonf/ Oyrm-ou#bmomjzifh pD&ifjyKpkxm;aom ]r[m 0wKusr;}onf [De,me*dkP;w*dkP;jzpfonfh avmukw&0g' f f f *dkP;\ usr;apmifjzpfonf/ xdkaMumifh ajrmufyki;Ak'bmom? f f Y d f awmifyi;f Ak'bmom? ou#Ak'bmom paom tac:ta0:wdukd kd Yk oH;pG&m r,Gi;rSm;ap&ef wwfEiorQ *kjyKMu&ayrnf/ ygVd k J f kd f Ak'bmom [laom toHk;tEIe;um; vGrm;&eftaMumif; r&S/ f J S d ygVdonf ax&0g'*dkP;wckwnf;\pmay jzpfavonf/ f ------ 0 -----M.A.

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 59

]]yd#u}} ]yd#u} [laomyk'onf ]awmif;} odkYr[kwf ]jcif; f awmif;} [l teuft"dyg,f&\/ yd#uawmfrsm;[l&mrlum; Ak'bmomusr;f pmrsm;udk &nfe;f oH;EIe;f xm;jcif;jzpf\/ tjcm; T k bmoma&; *kdPf;rsm;url yd#u[laomyk'ftpm; ]tm*r} [laomyk'ukd ok;EIe;f Mu\/ ]tm*r} [lonf tpOftqufrS f H qif;oufvmonfh ]tm*H} [l teuf t"dyg,f&\/ xdenf; k k tvm;wl ]yd#u}yk'onfvnf; ]tm*H} [laom teuft"dyg,f f k udkyif aqmifavonf/ o*Fg,emwifyrsm;wGif awmif;(3)awmif;udk t&efoifh JG xm;&Sum okwEipyfqiaom taMumif;udk okwawmif;xnfh d f S h f kd f f NyD;vsif 0denf;ESiywfoufonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk 0denf; hf awmif;0,f odkr;NyD;oumv tbd"rmESihf ywfouforQwkukd DS Yd tbd"rawmif;wGif xnfoi;Muonf ponfjzifh rxifrwoifh h Gf S f acs/ tb,faMumifh qdaomf xdpOftcgu uJoYkd awmif; k k h jcif;awmif;wd odr;SD xnfoi;f &ef a&;om;xm;onfh pmrlayrl Yk k h G usr;rlrsm; ray:aygufao;aomaMumifwnf;/ okw 0denf; f h f tbd"rm tp&Sonfwukd ppfaq; oH;oyfpaqmif;&m EIwjf zifh d Ykd k k tm*HomvQif prf;oyf pkaqmif;Mu&ayao;onf/ pifppf bk&m; k jrwfpGm\ rkcygXfawmfrsm; (0g) w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;onf &[ef;y@dwrsm;\ OD;aPSmufwGi;om rSwxm;ude;atmif; f f f f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 60

vsuf wnf&aeMuao;onf/ ay:aygufxe;f um;vmaom yd#u dS G awmfrsm;udk pmtkypmwrf;tjzpfjzifhif; ayxuftu&mtjzpf f jzifhif; rwif&ao;acs/ taemufwi; y@dw]0ifwmepf}u yd#uyk'ukd Oypm kd f f f wifpm;um tqufqufrS &wemjrwfwukd odavSmifvmcJonfh Ykd k h odavSmif&mXme (odr[kw) &wemwdu[k t"dyg,f aumuf,l k Yk f k f \/ &wem-[lonf Ak'bmomvlrsKd ;wdk\ pmay&wemjrwfukd Y qdkvdkonf/ odaomf taemufwi;ynm&Sd ]w&ifem} ESihf ]&D;Zfa';0pf} Yk kd f h wdu ]yd#u} udk ]odavSmif&mXme &wemwdu}tjzpf teuf Yk k k f t"dyg,f r,l/ tm*Hteuf[k ,lqMu\/ tb,faMumifqaomf k h kd a&S;acwfE,jynfwif a&uefw;aomtcg jcif;awmif; (odr d G l kY [kw) awmif;rsm;udk toH;jyKMuav&m vkyom;rsm;onf wOD;rS f k f wOD; ra0;vSaom ae&mrsm; wef;pD;um &yfNyD;vQif wl;xkwf vdkuaom ajrrsm;udk a&uefrS a0;&mt&yfokYd wqifrwqifh f h S tpOftwdi;f jcif;awmif;rsm;jzifh o,f,um ydaqmifMu&uke\/ k l Yk f xdkenf; tvm;wl bk&m;jrwfpm\ w&m;&wemjrwfwukvnf; G kYd d ra&rwGuEkiaom q&mtqufqufwkrS wynfh tqufquf f d f Yd wdoYkd tpOftwdi; EIwwuftm*Hurf;vSr;um o,faqmifcMhJ u Yk kf f k f &avaomaMumifhwnf;/

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a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 61

]]okwyd#u}} yd#upmayudk atmufygtwdki; oHk;rsKd ;oHk;pm; cGJxm; f avonf/ u? okwyd#u/ c ? 0de,yd#u/ * ? tbd"rmyd#u/ ]]&Sir[mAk'aCmo}} onf okwyk'ukd atmufyg f f twdki; &Si;vif;az:jyxm;ayonf/ f f ygVdy'f ]okw} = ok = aumif;pGm/ k Ow = qdtyfaom/ k ou#yk'f ]olw}= ok+Ow=w&m;oDcsi;f a0'vuFm/ ]okwE} yk'onfvnf; ]okw}yk'Eihf tvm;wl teuf f f S t"dyg,fyif &avonf/ a&S;u Ak'bmom&[ef;wdkY rnfuokYd aexdkicMhJ uonf? hJ f rnfonfh0enf;Oya'wdkYu &[ef;wdkYukd csKyfukdipkd;rdk;xm;onf d f paom &[ef;wdEiywfouforQ 0denf;tm;vH;wdukd 0denf;yd#u Yk S hf k Yk awmfu ay;pGr;EdkiouJhokdY bk&m;jrwfpGmESihf bk&m;jrwfpGm\ f f wynfom;om0ursm;onf rnfoaom w&m;a'oemawmfwukd h Ykd Ykd a[mMum; rde>Yf rufcMhJ uonf ponfh w&m;awmfEihf pyfvsO; S f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 62

oa&GUwkukd okwy#uawmfu ukvkH jynf0pGm ay;pGr;Edkiav Yd f d H h f f onf/ ygVdpmay&dyNf rHKBuD;wGif trGejf rwfqHk;aom pmtjrKaw &wemrsm;udk okwy#uawmf tajrmuftjrm; awGU&Eiayonf/ fd d S kd f okwy#uawmfukd atmufygtwdki; cGJxm;avonf/ f d f 1? 'DCedum,f? 2? rZdredum,f? 3? oH,kwedum,f? 4? t*Fkw&edum,f? 5? ck'uedum,f? ck'uedum,fwif atmufygwdkY yg0ifMuonf/ G u? ck'uygX? Z? ax&*gxm? c? "ry'? ps? ax&D*gxm? *? O'ge? n? Zmwu? C? wd0kwu? #? eda'o? i? okweygw? d X? y#dord'gr*? p? 0drme0wK? !? ty'ge? q? ayw0wK? ? Ak'0Ho? P? p&d,myd#u? y|r edum,fav;usr;onf aemufqHk;edum,fESihrwl? f f pmoGm;pmvm taetxm;t& tom;csi;f wlnMD u\/ okwawmf f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 63

rsm;pGmwdkYonf pum;ajyoGm;jzpf tcsKd UrSm vuFmoGm;jzpf\/ vuFmpum;ajya&mpyfaom toGm;um; enf;vS\/ xdeum,f kd 0if okwawmfrsm;onf bk&m;jrwfpm ud,awmfwiEihf w&Hwcg f G k f kd f S bk&m;jrwfpm\ om0uBuD;rsm; a[mMum;cJaom w&m;a'oem G h awmfrsm; jzpfMuonf/ xda'oemawmfrsm;udk ed'gef;wduav;rsm; k k jzifh a[mMum;xm;cJjh cif;aMumifh rnfonftcsetcg rnfonfh h df Xme rnfolYukda[mMum;cJhonf ponfwkdYukdvnf; pHkvifpGm odEdkifavonf/ ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 64

]]'DCedum,f}} 'DCedum,fwGif okw&Snaygif;(34)okw&S\/ r[m f f f d y&deAmeokwuoaom tcsKd Uowawmfrsm;onf oD;jcm; wapmif d f hJ Ykd k f wzGUJ jzpfavmufatmifyif &Snvsm;Mu\/ 'DCedum,fukd atmuf f ygtwdki; oHk;ydki;ydki;xm;jyefonf/ f f f u? oDvuE? c? r[m0*? *? ygax,s (0g) ygxdu0*? oDvuEum; oDvawmfrsm;\taMumif;ESihf pyfvsO;&m f oDvawmfwk\ ta&;BuD;aomtqiftwef;udk vdku r[m Yd h f rZdr pkvtm;jzifh oHk;ydki;uefYum pDpOfxm;\/ oDvonf f orm"dEiynmodYk ydaqmifavonf/ xdovuEwif Ak'bmom S hf Yk k D G eDwESihf Ak'bmomwdkY\ usihpOfusihenf;wdkYukd wdkukduenf; d f f f f jzifaomfif; oG,0uaomenf;jzifaomfif; rMumcP Edi;f cdi;f h f kd f h I k ,SOjf yxm;onfukd awGU&&\/ Sd ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 65

]]'DCedum,f0if okwfawmfrsm;}} (1) jA[Zmvokwf/ / oDvuE jA[Zmvokwf onf tOD;qH;okwf jzpf\/ xdowukd bmoma&;ordi;bufu k k k f kf ae Munfygrl txl;ta&;BuD;avonf/ Ak'bmom&[ef;wdkY h usiBhf uHvuem&rnfh pnf;rsO;f rsm; Ak'bmom&[ef;wdYk a&SmifMuOf kd f tyfonfh tvkytudkitrsKd ;rsKd ; toufarG;0rf;ausmif;trsKd ;rsKd ; f f xdkacwfxkdtcgu orP-jAm[PwdkY\ t,l0g'trsKd ;rsKd ;udk bk&m;jrwfpmonf pHkvifpm aygif;pk a[mMum;xm;cJayonf/ G G h ]ow0g'} ]Oap'0g'} paom xdacwfxtcsef E,jynf k kd d d xGe;um;acwfpm;vsu&onfh (62)yg;aomtbd"rmrsm;taMumif; f f dS udvnf; okwyif bk&m;jrwfpmonf aqG;aEG;azmfjy xm;cJh k f G ay\/ txl;ojzifh oDvESiywfoufaomtcPf;wGif vltrsKd ; hf rsKd ;\ tajctae tEkynmtrsKd ;rsKd ; vufrynmtrsKd ;rsKd ; upm; I ckepm;enf;trsKd ;rsKd ; aysmryg;rItrsKd rsKd ; ,ZfyaZmfenf;trsKd ;rsKd ; f f I l vlw\ tvkytudkitrsKd ;rsKd ; aeveuwm&m bwfenf;trsKd ; kYd f f rsKd ;pm&if;udkiynmEdkiia&;aq;ynmcGpyukoenf; Adokum f f H J d f twwfvuPmbwfenf;t*F0Zma[menf;r*Fvmtcrf;tem; d a&G;enf;ppf&yfpenf;tdyrufbwfenf;*gxmrE,m;&Gwqkum J f f d ud,0efapmifxe;f enf; ewfwEihf ywfoufaom t,ltqtrsKd ; k f h d Ykd S rsKd ;udk bk&m;jrwfpmonf okw tao;pdwf &Si;f jyawmfrc\/ G f l hJ
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ygVdpmayordki; f 66

jA[Zmvokwukd a[majym&jcif;\ taMumif;&if; f um; orP*dP;0if ]]oky,}}\wynfjh zpfol ]jA['w}onf k f d jrwfpm bk&m;\ *kPaus;Zl;awmfukd csD;usL;ajymqdkaomtcg G f ]]oky,}}onf bk&m;jrwfpm\taMumif; raumif; ajymaom d G aMumifhwnf;/ uRr;usivrmaom wHigonfonf BuD;i,fra&G; ig; f f d [lorQukd ol\uGe&ufjzifh brf;rdEiouJoYkd bk&m;jrwfpmonf f kd f h G rdr\ rGejf rwforarGUvaom w&m;uGe&ufwif tbd"rmq&m d d f S f G BuD;rsm;ESihf *dkP;q&mBuD;rsm;tm; odr;oGi;Edkijf cif;aMumifh f f f okwonf jA[Zmvokw[ xif&m;avonf ("rZmv tw f f l S Zmv 'd|Zmv tEkw&o*Fgr 0dZ,okw[vnf; ausmMf um; d f l \/) jAm[PwdEihf tjcm;*dP;0iforPwdYk ouf0if,MkH unf Yk S k f Muaom t,l0g'wdonf edAmefoYkd ydaqmifEipr;r&Sacs/ tb,f Yk Yk kd f G f d aMumifhqkdaomf if;wdkYonf ]tw}udk wenf;wvrf;tm;jzifh tppftrSefuJhodkY ,lqxifrSwfaeaomaMumifhwnf;/ twudk vHk;0ry,fazsmuf rzsuq;bJ edAmefokYd ra&mufEki&m/ f D d f okwfwGif bk&m;jrwfpGmonf ]]pHxm;&musifh0wf apmifhxe;olyk*Kd vfxl;BuD;}}tjzpfjzifhomru xdkacwfxkdtcsef df d tcg ay:aygufxe;um;Muaom acwfNydKiftbd"rm q&mBuD; Gf
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ygVdpmayordki; f 67

wdxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm xl;uJomvGeonfh tbd"rmq&mBuD; Yk f tjzpfjzifvnf; ay:vGixif&m;bd\/ bk&m;jrwfpmonf usi0wf h f S G hf oDvrsm;udk olrwlatmif tpGr;qHk;apmifxe;cJkrQru wkbuf f h df h H uif;aom tbd"rmq&mBuD; tjzpfjzifvnf; ]'d|t,l0g'tm; h d vHk;}wdkYukd okwoif&Si;vif;awmfrlcJhavonf/ f f twukd y,fzsuromvQif edAmefukd &EdirnfjzpfaMumif; fS kf rnfokaomenf;ESijhf zpfjzpf twukd wdkuckuokwoif&rnfjzpf Yd f d f f aMumif; bk&m;jrwfpGmu jA[ZmvokwwGif twdtvif; f aMunmawmfrlcJh\/ (2) omrnzvokwf/ / bk&m;jrwfpmESihf wacwf G wnf; xGef;um;vmaom wdwdq&mBuD;(6)OD;\ t|Kywdudk omrnzvokwonf ay;pGr;Edki\/ f f f okwfudk a[majym&aomtaMumif;&if;um; bk&if ]tZmwowf}onf crnf;awmf ]Adrom&}rif;BuD;tm; vkyBf uH d NyD;aemuf aemifwrsm;pGm&um ZD0u\ o&ufO,smOf0,f pHy,f vsuaeawmfraom bk&m;jrwfpmxH oGm;a&mufz;arQmf uefawmh f l G l jcif;aMumifh jzpf\/ bk&if tZmwowfu bk&m;jrwfpmtm; awmxGuum G f &[ef;jyKjcif;\ tusKd ;xl;rsm;udk ar;jref;avQmufxm;&m bk&m; jrwfpmu jyemESiywfouf rdrrty tjcm;wyg;aom G hf d S
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ygVdpmayordki; f 68

tbd"rmq&mBuD;wdkYtm; pl;prf;ar;jref;NyD;-rNyD; bk&ifukdjyef ppfaq;ar;jref;\/xdtcgbk&ifu jyemudk yk&mPuy k ruva*gomv paom wdwq&mBuD;wdtm; pl;prf;ar;jref;NyD; d d kY aMumif;? odaomf olovaomjyemudk wdwq&mBuD;wdonf Yk d kd d Yk wduurajzMum;bJ olwouf0if,MkH unfMuaom 0g'wduom k f kd f Ykd Yk kd vQif toD;oD;&Si;f vif; ajymMum;Muojzifh rausreyf jyefvmcJ& h aMumif; bk&m;jrwfpmudk avQmufxm;\/ G bk&m;jrwfu tZmwowfovaom jyemudk taxG d kd axGtjym;jym; jyefMum;&m0,f omrefyxZevom;rsm; rnfonfh k kf l tcgrQ &&SEkdivrhfrnf[k rarQmfrSe;Edkiaom tusKd ;xl;rsm;udk d f d f f &[ef;wd&&SEiaMumif; a&S;OD;pGm azmfjyawmfr\/ Oyrmjy&aomf Yk d kd f l bk&iftrIxrf;wpfa,mufonf &[ef;jyKum bk&ifxH <uvmyg h h vQif bk&ifonf xdk&[ef;udk c&D;OD;BudKjyK&ef 0efrav;rnfjh yif rif;rIxrf;taejzifh rnfonftcgrQ &&Svrrnfr[kwaom dao h d d hf f k jcif; av;pm;jcif; 0wfBuD;0wfi,fjyKjcif; paom tusKd ;wdukd Yk xdk&[ef;onf rkcs&&Sd&m\/ az:jyygtusdK;um; ty&du omreftusKd ;rQomvQif jzpfacsao;\/ pdwukdavhusihfjcif;ESihf f pm&dwukd jyKjyifjcif;wdjkY zifh &&Styfaom tZwtusKd ;xl;wdum; d kY &[ef;wdtbdYk Edi;f &muif;avbdonf/ &[ef;jyKjcif;jzifh tmoa0g Yk I ukecef;um r*fzvayguf&jcif;xuf xl;uJrejf rwfaom tusKd ;xl; f kd f G r&Sawmh&m[k bk&m; jrwfpmu tZmwowf\ jyemudk ajz d G Mum;awmfrlavonf/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 69

a'oemawmf\tqH; bk&iftZmwowfonf yDwusvS k d aomaMumifh crnf;awmfukd vkyBf uHronftwGuf oltm; cGivwf d h Y hf T ygrnftaMumif; bk&m;jrwfpmtm; yefMum;avQmufxm;&m bk&m; h G jrwfpmu tomwMunf cGivwawmfronf[k vm&S\/ G hf T f l d tZmwow K / / tpa,m rH baE tp*rm ,xmAmvH ,xmrlVH ,xmtukovH? a,m [H ydw&H "ruH d "r&mZme &d, um&Pm ZD0wma0ga&mayo? w d ar baE b*0g tp,H tp,awm y#d*Pmwk tm,w S oH0&m,/ tZmwowfrif; / / t&Sib&m;-rduonfh tavsmuf f k k f awGa0onfhtavsmuf rvdrmonfhtavsmuf wynfhawmfukd usL;ausmapmfum; jypfrm;rIu jzwfausmvr;f rd;cJygNyD (tjypfoifh f S f T k h a&mufcygNyD)/ w&m;&Sijf zpfaom "r&mZfacgifzsm; b-crnf;awmf hJ bk&m;udk tmPmrufojzifh toufaoatmif owfrdcJhaom wynfawmf\tjypfukd aemif odrjyKrvkyf xde;f csKyapmifpnf;rI h Yk f h twGuf tjypfwck[k Irwor;f yduawmfryg (todtrSwjf yKawmf S f d k f l rlyg) bk&m;/ Ak'/ / t*wHG (wH) r[m&mZ tpa,m tp*rm ,xmAmvH ,xmrlVH ,xmtukovH? ,HwGH ydw&H"rduH "r&mZmeH ZD0wma0ga&mayod? ,awm p acg wGH r[m&mZ d tp,H tp,awm 'dom ,xm"rH y#dua&mod? wH aw r,H G
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ygVdpmayordki; f 70

y#d*Pmr? 0k'd 0k'a[om r[m&mZ t&d, 0dea,? a,m S d tp,H tp,awm 'doGm ,xm"rH y#dua&mwd? tm,w oH0&H tmyZw/ d bk&m;jrwfpGm/ / rif;BuD; rdkuonfhtavsmuf f awGa0onfhtavsmuf rvdrmonfhtavsmuf oifrif;BuD;udk usL;ausmapmfum; jypfrrsm;u jzwfausmvr;rdk;cJavNyD (tjypf f I f T f h oifa&mufcavNyD)/ oifrif;BuD;onf w&m;&Sijf zpfaom "r&mZf h hJ acgifzsm; b-crnf;awmfbk&m;udk taoowfrNd yD/ odkY owfrd ojzifh oifa&mufaomtjypfukd tjypf[jI rif w&m;ESitavsmf h k hf oifrif;BuD; ukpm;cJNh yD/ odkY oifrif;BuD;\tjypfukd tjypf[k IrI (0efcsuefawmhr)udk igwdu odr;f ydu\ (todtrSwjf yK\)/ I Yk k f rif;BuD; olawmfojl rwfreorQ\ ,Ofaus;rIe,fy,fwif tjypf Sf G udk tjypf[k (trSetwdi;f ) Ijrif w&m;ESitavsmf ukpm;jcif; f k hf aemifwzef rjyKrvkyf xde;f csKyapmifpnf;jcif;um; (ypKyf wrvGef f h ESpweftusKd ;) yGm;wd;pnfyifaMumif; aumif;avpG aumif;avpG/ f k (oDvuE0* omrnzvokwf ...vdrmaom om;o; D jzpfap vdrmaomwynfhjzpfap tjypfwckusL;vGefrdu rdb q&morm;xHarSmufodkY tvdkvdkoGm;a&muf tjypfusL;vGefrd aMumif; zGi[ajymMum;jcif;ESihf qufpyfpOf;pm;Munfoifavonf) hf h h omrnzvokwfqHk;aomtcg tZmwowfrif;onf bk&m; w&m; oHCmwnf;[laom &wemoHk;yg; cdkvum IH Ak'bmomodkY ul;ajymif;onf[lvkd/

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ygVdpmayordki; f 71

omrnzvokwonf wdwq&mBuD;(6)OD;wd\ t,l f d Yk 0g'rsm;udkvnf; xif&Sm;aponf/ ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 72

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ygVdpmayordki; f 73

(3) tZdw auourv / / olonfvnf; yk&mP uyESihf ruva*gomvwduoYkd *dP;f q&mrjzpfvmrD tdr&if d Yk hJ k fS wOD;xHwif taptyg;jzpfconf qd\/ qHyifEihf &ufvyxm; G hJ k S kf aom NcHKxnfu0wfavh&ojzifh ]auourv}[k ac:wGiav kd kH dS f onf/ tvSLay;jcif;\ tusKd ;onfr&S/ ,ZfyaZmfjcif;\ tusKd ; d l onfr&S/ ukovtukovw\ tusKd ;onfvnf; r&S/ ypKyef d kd f kd f Ykd d avmuonfif; wrvGeavmuonfif; r&S/ xdkw&m;rSv f d JG tjcm;taMumif;wdkYonf tcsn;ESD;taMumif;wdkYom jzpfonf/ f vlrkuonfif;? ynm&Sonfif; udk,cEmysujf ym;aoqHk;onfh d f d f tcg aysmufysufMuukefonfomwnf;/ aoonf\aemuf rjzpfMuuke-[laom 0g'onf tZdwauourv\0g' jzpf f ownf;/ (4) yuk"upm,e/ / olonf jAm[PtrsKd ; tEG,wOD; jzpf touft&G,Bf uD;jyif;vmaomtcg 0rf;a&; f Muyfwnf;vGe;ojzifh bmoma&;*dkP;wckukd zGUJ pnf;wnfaxmif f f NyD;vQif rdrtusKd ;pD;yGm;udom &SmBuHcaMumif;jzifh t|uxmwdwif d k hJ Yk G rSwom;cJ&onf/ xdk ]yuk"upm,e*dP;f q&mBuD;onf uH f h k uH\tusKd ;rnfonf r&S/ BuD;pGmaom tukov'pduukd usL; d kd f k k f vGeojzifh rnforQ tjypfcpm; ae&zG,r&S/ BuD;pGmaom aumif; f l H f d rIukokvukd jyKusiojzifvnf; aumif;usKd ;udk cHpm;aezG,r&S/ d f hf h f d tu,f tMuifowOD; wa,mufonf xufvpmaom oH l S G vsujf zifh tjcm;olwOD;\ OD;acgif;udjk zwft/ xdoonf tjcm;ol hH k l
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ygVdpmayordki; f 74

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5? apvu = atmifvukio&/ H d f l J 6? pvu = ppfqifoo&/ l lJ 7? yd@'g,u = ode;iSuuokYd &efo\tom;pdkiukd f f hJ l f ydki;ydki;jzwf owf,lEkdiaomol&J/ f f f 8? O*&mZykw = ppfajrjyif ausmMf um;aom rif;nD rif;om;/ 9? yuED = (yscs) = &Gy&ycRcRH wzufppfwyfoYkd ajy;0if H D fGf H Edkifaomol&J/ 10? r[mem* = qifajymifuokYd &J&ifaomol&/ hJ h J 11? ol& = yifuk,&&ifaomol&/ d f J h J 12? "ra,m"D = ppfcsywefqm qif,ifxm;aom ol&J/ f 13? 'gou = uRe/ f 14/ uyu = qwmonf/ 15/ tmVm&du = xrif;csu/ f 16/ e[myu = a&csKd ;ay;ol/ 17/ ol'g = pzdonf/ k 18/ rmvmum& = yef;onf/ 19/ &Zu = c0gonf? yef;qd;/ k 20/ ayoum& = &ufuef;onf/ 21/ eVum& = awmif;,ufol (a'gif;a&Gorm;)/ 22/ ukrum& = tdk;xde;onf/ f

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(36) r[mopuokwf/ / okwonf bk&m; f w&m; oHCmwnf;[laom &wemoHk;yg;tm; *kPnKd ;atmif f BuHaqmifaom ]opu}udk bk&m;jrwfpmu rnfoatmifEiawmf G Ykd kd f rlvkduaMumif; Tejf yaomokwf jzpfonf/ f (37) plVwPSmocF,okwf/ / bk&m;jrwfpmxHrS G w&m;emNyD;aemuf wm0womewfjynfodkY a&mufaomtcg arhavsmaeaom odMum;rif;tm; &Siarm*vmefu acscRwqk;r h f f H awmfrlaMumif; okwwi a[mMum;xm;&Savonf/ f G f d (38) r[mwPSmocF,okwf/ / bk&m;jrwfpm\ G w&m;awmfESifhywfouf xifrSm;aeaom wHigonf\om; ]ow(omwd)} udk taMumif;jyK okwonf jzpfay:vm&av f onf/ (39) r[mtyl&okwf/ / okwum; r*f f zdkvedAmefukd &nfrSe;aom orPjAm[PwdkY apmifhokdao f f d xde;odr;tyfaom w&m;wdukd &Si;vif;azmfjyaomokwf jzpfonf/ f f Yk f (40) plVtyl&okwf/ / &[ef;rnfonf avmb a'goarm[rme paom raumif;aomw&m;wdkukd y,fzsuf Y &rnf/ t0wftqiftoGirQjzifh &[ef;tjzpfokdY ra&mufEkdi/ f f tusifhw&m;omvQif ta&;BuD;aom orPt&nftcsif;jzpf aMumif; okwwif Tejf yxm;\/ f G
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(52) t|uem*&okwf/ / edAmefoYkd a&muf&ma&muf aMumif;jzpfonfh (1)psmefav;yg; (2) jA[0[m&av;yg; (3) d tmumomem,we (4) 0dnmPm,we (5) tmudnm, we wnf;[laom wHcg;BuD;wq,fEihf wckukd &SitmeEmonf S f okwjf zifh xif&Sm;apcJhonf/ (53) aocokwf/ / aocyk*Kd v\ t&nftcsi;rsm; f f udk &SitmeEmonf okwawmf azmfjycJ\/ f f h u? c? *? C? i? p? ]]aocyk*dKvf\ t&nftcsif;}} oDv = tusiEijhf ynfpkHjcif; hf S h `Ea,ok*kw'Gg&wm = a`Eapmifhpnf;jcif;? d abmZae rwnKwm = tpm;taomuf csicsewi;f h f d f kd xGmrI&Sdjcif;? Zm*&d,mEka,m* = Edk;Edk;Mum;Mum;&Sjd cif;? owo'r = olawmfaumif;w&m; ckepfyg;ESihf jynfh pHkjcif;? psmefav;yg;ESifhjynfhpHkjcif;

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2? 0dyemynmoufoufjzifh vGwajrmufaomyk*Kd vf f (ynm0drkw)/ 3? psmefESihf y|rawGUxNd yD;aemuf edAmefukdrsuarSmufjyK f aomyk*Kd vf (um,ou)/ d 4? opmav;yg;udk ydkiykdioaomyk*Kd vf ('d|yw)/ f f d d 5? o'goefoefEihf vGwajrmufaomyk*Kd vf (o'g0drw)/ S f k 6? "raemufokdYvkduaomyk*Kd vf ("rmEkm&D)/ f 7? o'gaemufokdYvkduaomyk*Kd vf (o'gEkm&D)/ f (71) aw0dZ0pa*gwokwf / / okwawmfjzifh f bk&m;jrwfpmonf ]0pa*gw} y&dAZtm; ]oAnK} oabmESihf G kd f ]aw0dZ}oabmudk &Si;vif;cGJjcm; jyqdkawmfrlonf/ f (72) t*d0pa*gwokwf / / okwum; tAsm f uww&m;q,fyg;udk rar;oifh rar;xduaMumif; ajzMum;&if; k f ]t*0pa*gw}tm; omoemawmfwGi;odkY oGwoGi;aomokwf d f f f jzpfonf/ (73) r[m0pa*gwokwf / / okwum; ]0p}\ f yefMum;csut& ukokvEitukokvtaMumif;udk &Si;vif;jyqdk f d f S hf d f f awmfronfowjf zpfonf/ okwtqH; 0ponf &[EmtjzpfoYkd l h k f k a&mufav\/

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]]vufudkifrxm;tyfaom 0g'av;rsdK;}} 1? ewdu'd|d/ 2? tud&d,'d|d/ 3? ta[wku typ,'d|/ d 4? Oap''d|d/ (77) r[moukvk'g,dokwf / /okwjf zifh bk&m; jrwfpmonf ]oukv'g,d}y&dAZtm; rnfoaom yk*Kd vrsKd ;onf G k kd f Ykd f ylaZmfqnf;uyfjcif;udk cH,loifhaMumif; &Si;vif;awmfrlonf/ f (okwukd avhvm&jcif;tm;jzifh Ak'Eihf yk&mPuy f S paom wdw*kP;q&mBuD; ajcmufO;wdonf &mZN*dK[fjynfwif d d f D kY G wcsewnf; 0gqdkMuaMumif; od&\/) df (78) orPrk@duykwokwf / /]O*g[rme} y&dAZf kd tvdkt& &[ef;rSevQiff (1) um,uHtm;jzifh raumif;rI rjyKjcif;? (2) 0pDuHtm;jzifh raumif;rIrjyKjcif;? (3) raumif;aom tBuHtpnfukd rBuHpnfjcif;? (4) raumif;aom toufarG;rIjzifh toufrarG;jrLjcif; wnf;[laom av;yg;aomt&nftcsi;ESihf jynfhpHk& f rnf/ Ak'tvdkt& &[ef;rSevQif f (1) r*if&Spfyg;? (2) ormPESifh
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(3) orm0drkwwnf;[laom q,fyg;aom t&nftcsi; d f ESihf jynfpkH&rnfjzpfaMumif; okwwif azmfjyxm;onf/ h f G (79) plVoukvk'g,Dokwf / / okwjf zifh bk&m; jrwfpGmonf ]oukvk'g,D}y&dAdkZftm; ]y&r0P}ac:aom ]tw}taMumif;udk tpxm; ]tmum&0wDy#dy'g} (oDv) taMumif;ESihf txG#qHk;aom ]edAme}(oEokc)taMumif;wdkYukd f d tus,w0ifh &Si;vif;a[mqdkcJhonf/ f f (80) a0ceookwf / / (1) y&r0P? (2) umr (umr*kPig;yg;)?(3)umrokc?(4) umr*oc (edAmef)taMumif; f k wdukd bk&m;jrwfpmonf ]a0ceo}y&dAZtm; okwjf zifh &Si;f Yk G kd f jyawmfrl\/ xkYdjyif xl;jcm;onfum; dk;om;ajzmifhrwfaom raumufusprpOf;vJaom yk*Kd vuom Ak'j rwfpmu tvd&awmf f f kd G k dS rlaMumif; okw rdeawmfr\/ f Yf l (81) C#dum&okwf / / okwum; ]C#dum&} f rnfaom td;xde;onfEipyfvsO; az:jyaomokwwnf;/ tdrif; k f S hf f f k rpGr;&Saom rdbwdkYaMumifh avmuDukdrpGeYcgEdkiojzifh vl0wf f d f G f aMumiftjzpfjzifh ae&vifupm; ]uy}bk&m;tm; av;pm;onfh h t&m C#dum&onf olrrS[k qdk&ayrnf/ omoemawmf\ D tusKd ;udkvnf; xdyqHk;uxrf;&Guol jzpfonf/ okwwGif f f f C#dum&udk txl;csD;usL;xm;onf/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 125

(82) &|ygvokwf / / okwonfum; ]yg&d f Zkn}av;yg;aMumifh omoemabmifokdY cdkvHIvmol &[ef;ESihf ]"rKa'o} ("raqmify') av;yg;udk taMumif;jyK omoem kf abmifokdY cdkvHIvmol&[ef;udk EdIi;,SO &Si;jyxm;aomokwf f f f jzpfonf/ 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ ]]yg&dZknav;yg;}} Z&myg&dZkn = Z&mzdpD;ESypufjcif;/ d f Asm"dyg&dZkn = tema&m*gzdpD;ESypufjcif;/ d f abm*yg&dZkn = pD;yGm;Opmysujf ym;jcif;/ wdyg&dZkn = aqGrsKd ;ysup;jcif;/ f D ]]"rKa'oav;yg;}} Oyed,swdavmaum t'Ka0g/ avmuonf rNrJonf jzpf Z&m Asm"d r&P b0wyg;odYk uyfaqmif\/ twmaPmavmaum tebdoa&m/ avmuonf txde;tapmifhr&S?d udk;um;p&mr&S/ f d taum avmaumoAH*[m, *reD, / avmu onf udk,ykdir&S?d ouf&oufrJhtvHk;pHkukd pGeYcg f f Sd f G oGm;&rnfomwnf;/ ODaemavmaum twdawm wPSm'gaom/ avmu onf ,kwavsmae\/ a&mif&wif;wdrjf cif;r&S?d wPSm f h hJ uRefjzpf\/

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(83) rmCa'0okw/ / rdwvmjynf ]bk&ifrCa'0 f D ESihf tEG,awmf}wdkuktaMumif;jyK okwf jzpfay:vm&av f Y d onf/ (84) r"k&d,okw/ /vlrsKd ;a&;wGif jAm[Pwdonf f Yk omvsitjrwfq;[laom 0g'udk ]&Sir[mupn;f }onf okwf f kH f jzifh acsyawmfrlonf/ (85) aAm"d&mZukrm&okw/ / okwum; ]y"med f f ,*F w&m;ig;yg;}ESijhf ynfpkvsif aeYnOfrqdki; w&m;xl;&vG,f h H h f aMumif; ]aAm"d&mZukrm&\tar;ud} bk&m;jrwfpmu ajzawmf k G rlaomokwfwnf;/ ]]y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;}} 1/ o'g = o'gw&m;&Sjd cif;/ 2/ tygAm" = use;rmjcif;/ f 3/ to| = d;om;jcif;/ k 4/ tm0Du&P = yGivif;jcif;/ hf 5/ 'VSy&ur = ZGaumif;jcif;/ J (86) t*Fkvdrmvokwf/ / okwum; ]t*Fvrmv} f k d tm; ,Ofaus;vmatmif bk&m;jrwfpmu rnfoYkd qH;rodr;f oGi;f G k aMumif; &Si;vif;azmfjyaomokwf jzpfonf/ f

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ygVdpmayordki; f 127

(87) yD,Zmwduokwf// cspjf rwfEk;aomolEihf cspf d S jrwfEk;aomt&m0wKwdkonf aomu?y&da'0?'ku? a'greESihf d Y Oyg,mow&m;wdkYudk yGm;rsm;apaMumif; bk&m;jrwfpGmonf okwjf zifh xif&Sm;apcJhonf/ (88) Am[dwduokwf/ / okwum; rSeaom f f tavhtusihESihf rSm;aomtavhtusihukd taMumif;jyK ]&Sif f f tmeEm}ESihf ]bk&ifyaoe'daumov}wdkY aqG;aEG;Muaomokwf jzpfonf/ uHokH;yg;wGif uJ&UJ jypfwifz,Eihf wyg;oltm;if; h G f S rdrtm;if; taESmuft,Sujf zpfapzG,f rSeorQwonf rSm;aom d f Ykd tavhtusijhf zpfaMumif;ESihf tjypftm;vHk;rS uif;vGwaomtavh f tusihf onfomvsif rSeaomtavhtusijhf zpfaMumif; okwrS f f avhvm&ayonf/ (89) "rapwd,okw/ f / okwum; rif; f rif;csi;f ? ppfom;ppfom;csi;f ? ykPm;ykPm;csi;f ? ola|; ol<u,f? ukeonfrsm;tcsi;tcsi;? om;ESitrd? trdEiom;? om;ESitz? f f f hf S hf hf tzESiom;? ESrESiarmif? armifEiEr? rdwaqGo*F[tcsi;csi; hf hf S hf S f f f tNydKitqdif tjiif;tckef jzpfym;aeMuaom avmuBuD; nDnD f k G GwGwf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om wpkwHk;wnf; tuGJtjym;r&Sd f arwmvTr;aom rsuv;rsm;jzifh tjyeftvSeMf unfum oDwif; f f kH h I oH; aexdiawmfrMl uaom &[ef;awmfrsm;udk zl;awGU&ojzifh xdk k kf &[ef;awmfwkdY\ ESvHk;oGi;twGi; w&m;ESihf xdkw&m;awmfukd f f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 128

xnfoi;jznfpuay;awmfrayaom &SiawmfAk'\ txG#txdyf h G f h G f l f f av;pm;tyfaom *kPawmfrsm;udk axmufxm;Edi;q bk&m; f I f jrwfpmtay:0,f aumovrif;BuD;u MunfnKd aMumif; avQmuf G xm;aomokwf jzpfonf/ (90) uPuwvokwf/ / yaoe'd aumovrif; BuD;\ yefMum;csut& oAnKwPfawmftaMumif;? trsKd ;av; f yg;taMumif;ESihf jA[mBuD;taMumif;wdkukd bk&m;jrwfpmu Y G okwjf zifh &Si;vif;jyawmfrl\/ f (91) jAm[m,kokw/ / okwjf zifh bk&m;jrwfpmu f G rdronf oHk;q,fEpyg;aom r[myk&ovuPmwdEihf jynfpkH d h S f d kY S h aMumif;udk ]jAm[m,k}ESihf ol\wynfh ]Ow&}wdtm; ,HMk unf Yk aponf/ (92) aovokwf/ / okwum; oH;q,fEpyg; f k hSf aom r[myk&ovuPmwdEihf bk&m;jrwfpmonf jynfpawmfrl d Yk S G h kH aMumif; odjrifaomtcg ]aovykPm;} onf bk&m;jrwfpmxH G cdkvvmaMumif; Tejf yaomokwf jzpf\/ IH (93) tvm,eokwf/ /okwjf zifh vlrsKd ;a&; wGif ykPm;wdonf tjrwfq;[laomt,l0g'udk Oyrm trsKd ;rsKd ; Yk kH ,kwtrsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh acsyxm;onf/ vlrsKd ;a&;ZmwfrvTr;rdk;aom d f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 129

]a,meuuarmZe,f} taMumif;udvnf; okwrS od&&av k f dS onf/ (94) aCm#rkcokw/ / okwonf ]&SiOa'e}u f f f ]ud,u,ukd ESypufjcif;vrf;pOf (twEy)jzifh trSeukd rawGU&dS k h f kd f df f EdkiaMumif;udk ]aCm#rkc}tm; &Si;jyaomokwf jzpfonf/ f f (95) puokwf/ / okwjf zifvnf; vlrsKd ;a&; h wGif ykPm;wdu olwom tjrwfq;[laomt,lukd Iwcsawmf Yk Ykd kH f rlonf/ (96) {okum&Dokw/ / vlwef;pm;cGjJ cm;a&;wGif rsKd ;d; f k Zmwfonf t"du[laom ]{okum&DykPm;}\ 0g'udk bk&m; jrwfpmu okwjf zifh jiif;qdkavonf/ G (97) "memedokwf/ / ok w f u m; ]"me m ed ykPm;}tm; &Siom&dykMwmu aumif;rI\tusKd ;udk Tejf yaom f okwf jzpfonf/ pwkr[m&mZf wm0wom ,mr wkowm d edrme&wd y&edrw0o0wDESihfjA[mhbHktaMumif;udkvnf; d okwwif az:jyxm;onf/ f G (98) 0gao|okwf/ / okwonf ]0gao|}ESihf f ]bm&'GgZ}ykPm;wdtm; rnfoaomyk*Kd vfukd ykPm;ppfac:xdkuf kY kYd aMumif; Tejf yaomokwf jzpfonf/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 130

(99) okbokwf/ / ]okbykPm;}tm; jA[mBuD; ESihf awGUqkH&ef rnfokusiBhf uH&rnftaMumif;udk jrwfpmu Yd h G okwjf zifh &Si;vif;cJhonf/ f (100) o*Fg&0okwf/ / okwum; bk&m;jrwfpmudk f G cs;usL;onftwGuf ]"memeD}ykaPrtm; qlyBl udr;armif;aom D h f ]o*Fg&0}ykPm;vkvifukd odr;oGi;aomokwjf zpfonf/ f f (101) a'0'[okw/ / okwwif f f G t,l0g'udk Ak'jrwfpGmu &Si;vif;azmfjyonf/ f ed*P*P; kd f

(102) yw,okwf/ / okwum; tbd"rm*dP;f f k trsKd ;rsKd ;wd\taMumif;udk jrwfpmAk'u &Si;vif;azmfjyaomokwf kY G f jzpfonf/ (103) udEdokw/ f / &[ef;wdkYonf owdy|mef av;yg; Avig;yg;ESihf `E,ig;yg;wdukd yGm;rsm;oifaMumif; d kY h jrwfpm Ak'onf okwjf zifh Mo0g'ay;awmfronf/ G l (104) omr*grokwf/ / ]ed*Pem#ykw*P; q&m kd f BuD;} uG,veNf yD;aemuf ol\*dkP;om;rsm; rnDrGwjf zpfMu f G f aomaMumifh okwjf zpfay:vm&avonf/ okwwif nD f G Gwa&;udk NydKuGaprnfh taMumif;ajcmufyg;ESihf nDwa&;udk f J G f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 131

wnfwHhaprnfh taMumif;ajcmufyg;udk TeMf um;xm;onf/ ]]nDGwfa&;NydKuGJaprnfh taMumif;ajcmufyg;}} 1/ aum"aem = Oyem[D = &efnKd ;zGUJ jcif;/ 2/ ruD = yVmoD = *kPNf ydKijf cif;/ 3/ kuD = rp&D = jiLpljcif;/ 4/ oa|m = rm,m0D = aumufusppOf;vJjcif;/ f 5/ ygydapm = rdpm'd|d = t,lrm;jcif;/ S 6/ oE|y&mrmoD = tm'ge*g[D = 'ky#e*d d dd = t,lonf;jcif;/ ]]nDGwfa&;wnfwHhaprnfh taMumif;ajcmufyg;}} 1/ arwm um,uH/ 2/ arwm 0pDu/ H 3/ arwm raemuH/ 4/ ypn;av;yg;ESipyfvsO; ,kwptqHk; oydwwi; f hf f f G f G f abmZOfukdyif nDwlnDrQ cGJa0oHk;aqmifjcif;/ 5/ oDvudk rusKd ;rayguf rajymufrusm; xde;f apmifjh cif;/ 6/ t,ltq oabmw&m; woefwnf;ajzmifrwfjcif;/ h (105) okeuwokw/ /okwum; ]okeuw}rnf f f aom &[ef;tm; &[EmtppfEihf &[Empdwaygufaeaom yk*Kd vf S f ESprsKd ;ESppm;udk cGJjcm; a[mMum;awmfrlaomokwf jzpfonf/ f f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 132

a[mawmfrlcsuwGivnf; rSwom;zG,aumif;vSaom f f f f Oyrm? Oyar,srsm;udk atmufygtwdki;awGU&\/ f (u) tem = *P = twGi;f tm,weajcmufyg; ( c) tqdytawmuf = 0doa'go = t0dZm/ f ( *) jrm; = ov = wPSm/ (C) jrm;&Smud&,mwefqm = {oeD = owd/ d ( i) xm; ('g;) = ow = t&d,r*fynm/ ( p) jrm;xGiq&m = ovuw = bk&m;jrwfpm/ f G (106) tmaeoyg,okwf/ / atmufyga'oemwdYk udk okw odrarGUpma[mMum; xm;awmfronf/ f f G l (1) tmaeoyg,y#dy'g = rwkervIyaMumif;tusihf f f oHk;rsdK;/ (2) tmudnm,weoyg,y#dy'g = aMumifhMuuif; aMumif; tusihoHk;rsKd ;/ f (3) ae0onmemonm,we oyg,y#dy'g = ke&if; Yf aomonmum;r&S?d odrarGUaomonmr&Sd r[kwaom f f tajcodkYa&mufaMumif;tusifh/ xdjkY yif atmufygwdukvnf; okw tus,tm;jzifh kY d f f a0zefxm;onfukd awGU&&\/ Sd (1) rsuarSmuf? wrvGef ESprsKd ;jym;aom umr/ f f (2) rsuarSmuf? wrvGef ESprsKd ;jym;aom umronm/ f f (3) rsuarSmuf? wrvGef ESprsKd ;jym;aom ly/ f f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 133

(4) rsuarSmuf? wrvGef ESprsKd ;jym;aom lyonm/ f f a'oemawmf\ t"dutcsuum; oum, (cEmig;yg;) f ESihf trw(edAmef)oabm uGjJ ym;csuukd azmfxwjf cif; jzpfonf/ f k tcsKy ]tmaeoyg,}okwonf tyrm'w&m;ESihf jynfpkH f f h &ef bk&m;jrwfpmu wduwe;f TeMf um;awmfraomokwf jzpfonf/ G k f G l (107) *Puarm*vmeokwf/ / ok w f u m; ]*Pu arm*vme}rnfaom ykPm;u jrwfpmbk&m;tm; avmu G twwfynmtrsKd ;rsKd ;qdi&m oifcef;pmavhusicef;rsm; &SouJh kf hf d odkY jrwfpGmbk&m;\ omoemawmf usifhpOfusifhwef;&Sdr&Sd ar;jref;&m? jrwfpmAk'u &SonftaMumif; tus,w0ifh ajzMum; G d h f aomokwf jzpfonf/ vrf;rSe&aomfvnf; vrf;rSetwdi; tpOfwpduf roGm;? f dS f kf k vrf;rSm;oda&mufvQif vd&mc&D;odYk ra&mufEiaMumif;rsm;udvnf; Yk k kd f k okw a[mMum;awmfrl\/ f (108) a*gyuarm*vmeokw/ /okwt& jrwf f f pGmAk' jynfptyfaom t&nftcsi;tm;vH;wdonf &[ef;wd\ h kH f k Yk Yk rjynfhpHkaMumif;? jrwfpGmbk&m;onfom ]vrf;Teyk*Kd vf} 0g f ]a&SUom;yk*Kd vf}jzpfaMumif; om0uwdktm; jrwfpmAk'okYd tpOf G Y G vduaomyk*Kd vrsm;omjzpfaMumif;udk okwrS od&&av onf/ k f f f dS

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ygVdpmayordki; f 134

(109) r[mykProkwf/ /okwum; oum,'d|d f rnfokdYjzpfay:vmaMumif;udk aqG;aEG;xm;aomokwf jzpfonf/ (110) plVykProkwf/ / okwum; ol,kwrmESihf f f olawmfaumif;udk cGJjcm;jyaomokwf jzpfonf/ ]]ok,kwfrm[kodEdkifjcif; taMumif;&Spfyg;}} (1) ol,kwrmw&m; tjynfhtESu&Sonf/ f f d (2) ol,kwrmudk qnf;uyfonf/ f (3) ol,kwrmtBuHtpnf &Sonf/ f d (4) ol,kwrmESihf wdkiyifESD;aESmonf/ f f (5) ol,kwrmpum; ajymonf/ f (6) ok,kwrmtvkyf vkyonf/ f f (7) ol,kwrmt,ltq &Sonf/ f d (8) ol,kwrmvSLenf; vSLonf/ f olawmfaumif;[koEkdijf cif;taMumif;&SprsKd ;udk qdkcJhNyD; d f aom ol,wrm[k odEionfh taMumif;&SprsKd ;rS jyefaomtm;jzifh k f kd f f odEdkif\/ (111) tEky'okwf/ / &Siom&dyMk wm\ ]w&m;awmf f udk tao;pdwoaom t&nftcsi;rsm;}udk jrwfpmAk'u f d f G okwjf zifh csD;usL;awmfrlonf/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 135

(112) qAdaom"eokwf/ /okwwif a[mMum; f G tyfaom a'oemawmf\tcsKyum;- tMuif&[ef;onf ]tnm} f [kac:aom t&[wzvu0efc &[EmjzpfaMumif; ajymMum; kd f kd H vmvQif kww&uf raxmufcruefuuao;bJ ajcmufXmewGif f H Y G f cs ppfaq;apmaMumtyf\ [lownf;/ tMuif&[ef;onf(1) cdPmZmwd = ZmwdukeNf yD [laomfvnf;aumif;? (2) 0kowH jA[p&d,H = r*fwnf;[laom oDwif; oH;jcif; d k udk tNyD;wdkioDwif;oHk;NyD;NyD (&[ef;udpNyD;NyD)[l f aomfvnf;aumif;/ (3) uwH u&PD,H =r*fupN yD;NyD[aomfvnf; aumif;/ d l (4) emy&H wwm, = aemifwzef b0opfr&Sawmh[ d l aomfvnf;aumif;/ odr[kwf (4)csupvH;aomfvnf;aumif; 0efcvsif t& Yk f k H [wzkdvukd 0efcHonfrnf\/) f xdkokdY0efcHvsif .... (1) 'd| = tjrif? (2) okw = tMum;? (3) rkw = teH t&om txdtawGU? Y (4) 0dnmw = todtmHkwnf;[laoma0g[m&(4)csuwijf rifvsif jrif&mtmH wPSm 'd|d f G k tpGtNid &Sr&Sd |mHkted|mHkwk avmba'gojzpf-rjzpf J d Yd ppfaq;apmaMumtyf\/ tu,f wPSm'd|tpGtNid r&SaMumif; d J d
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ygVdpmayordki; f 136

avmb a'gorjzpfaMumif; yGiyivif;vif; 0efcvsif om"k hf G hf H ac:tyf\/ okwrkw0dnmwwdkvnf; tvm;wl apmaMum Y tyf\/ &[ef;awmfrsm; 0denf;aMumif; odumyk'rsm;t& tu,f f rdroEmef r&Saom psmefr*fzdkvw&m;udk vlom; Zmwdtod d d f &Saom yk*Kd vtm;ajymMum;vQif ]yg&mZdu}tmywfoif\/ &[ef; d f h b0 qHk;avawmh\/ rdrrm tu,f psmefr*fzdvw&m;&SvQif vlomraP dS k f d tm;om rajymaumif;onf/ &[ef;tcsi;csi;ajymMum;vQium; f f f ajymMum;Edkiaom tcGihta&;&S tmywfroifh/ f f d rdrrm tu,f&aom psmefr*fzdvw&m;udk vlomraP dS dS k f tm; ajymMum;vQif ]ygpdw}tmywf oif\/ f h xdaMumifh uJoaom psmef r*f zdvapm'emjcif;udk k h Ykd k f &[ef;awmftcsi;csi;om jyKoifaMumif;udvnf; rSwom;tyf\/ f f h k f cEmig;yg;?"mwfajcmufyg;?twGi;ty tm,weajcmuf f yg;? rdrcEm? olwyg;cEmwdvnf; a0g[m& (4)csuenf;wl d kY f wPSm'd|d tpGtNid &Sr&S?d avmba'go jzpfrjzpf ppfaq; J d tmoa0gw&m;av;yg;rS vGwajrmufonftxd 0efcajzqdkvQif f H &[EmjzpfaMumif; 0efcHonfrnf om"kac:tyf\/

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ygVdpmayordki; f 137

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(126) tEkk'okw/ f /]&SitEk'}u ]yu*F} f k trnf&aom vuform;tm; twdki;rodaom arwmbm0em Sd f w&m;taMumif;udk okwjf zifh &Si;f jyawmfronf/ okwwif l f G y&dwmbmewf tyrmPmbmewf o*v|mbmewfEihf y&do'g d S k bmewfrsm;taMumif;udkvnf; azmfjyxm;onf/ (127) Oyudavookwf/ / okwum; cdu&ef f k f jzpfym;Muaom aumor&[ef;wdukd taMumif;jyK bk&m;jrwf G D kY pGmu &SitEk'? &SieE,ESihf &Siurvwdtm; udavomtnpf f k f d f d Yk w&m;wdukd vH;0y,f&m;oifaMumif; jyTeaomokwf jzpfonf/ Yk k S h f (128) Amvy@dwokw/ f / vlrkduESihynm&SwkdY f f d taMumif;udk okwjf zifh &Si;vif;jyqdkawmfrl\/ f (129) a'0'lwokw/ / okwum; ],rrif;}onf f f raumif;rIjyKowtm; tjypftvduf qH;jzwfowfrway;aMumif; l Ykd k k S f udk az:jyaomokwf jzpfonf/ oli,foltolemolaoESihf ]uru&P}wnf;[laom kd ]a'0'lw} (ewfwref) ig;rsKd ;taMumif;ESihf oHk;q,fEpyg;aom h S f uru&Pwd\ okyukd a'0-'lwokwwif tus,tm;jzifh Yk f f G f avhvmEdkifonf/

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(130) ba'u&wokwf/ / (131) tmeEba'u&wokw/ / f (132) r[mupmeba'u&wokwf/ / (133) avmrou* ,ba'u&wokw/ f / okwwkdYjzifh twdwukd jyefajymif;rawG;awm&efESihf f f tem*wfukrarQmfre;? rwrf;w&efukd bk&m;jrwfpmonf owd d Sf G ay;Ed;aqmfNyD;vQif ypKyeukom vufiif;ajz&Si;&eftaMumif;udk I f d f wdkufwGef;awmfrlcJhavonf/ (134) plVESifhr[mur0db*Fokwf/ /]okbawma',s ykw}trnf&Saom ykPm;vkvifukdtaMumif;jyK okwrsm; d f udk a[mawmfronf/ l ]awma',s}u bk&m;jrwfpmtm; tb,ftaMumif; G aMumifh ow0gwdonf t,kwtvwftjrwfponfjzifh jcm;em; Yk f &ygoenf;[k avQmufxm;&m bk&m;jrwfpmu ]urH oaw G 0dbZwd}[laom a'oemjzifh ow0gwd\ jyKusiaom ]aumif; Yk hf qd;} trIonf ow0gwdukd cGjJ cm;a0zefaMumif; ajzMum;awmfr\/ k Yk l (1) (2) (3) (4)
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(5) tvSLudkypfy,frIaMumifh qif;&Jonf/ (6) rmeBuD;rIaMumifh Zmwferhfb0a&muf&onf/ d (7) OD;pm;ay;ar;jref;avhr&SrIaMumifh ynmrJhonf/ d txufyg taMumif;tusKd ;rsm;rS jyefaomtm;jzifh olY toufowfrrS a&SmifMuOfjcif;aMumifh touf&nonf ponf I S f jzifh toD;oD; taMumif;tusKd ;qufo, bk&m;jrwfpmonf G f G ]awma',s}tm; a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ (135) oVm,we0db*Fokw/ / okwum; tm, f f weajcmufyg;taMumif; &Si;jyaomokwf jzpf\/ f (136) Oa'o0db*Fokw/ f / A[d'tZwu tm d ,weESpyg;vHk;ESipyfvsO; pdwukvkHNcHKpGm apmifxe;avhusihf f hf f f d h df vQif ZmwdZ&mr&PESihf 'kutaygif;wdYk ay:aygufvmEdirnf kf r[kwaMumif;udk bk&m;jrwfpmu okwwif xifvif;pGm a[m f G f G Mum;awmf rlonf/ (137) t&P0db*Fokwf/ /okwum; ]umar f okumrokcvumEka,m*ESihf ]twuvrxmEka,m*} vrf; d d pOfEpckukd y,f&m;um r*i&pyg;udkvkuem&ef Teaomokwf S f S f S f d f f jzpfonf/

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ygVdpmayordki; f 143

(138) "mwk0db*Fokwf/ /yx0DawaZm0ga,m tmaygtmumoESihf 0dnmPwnf;[laom "mwfBuD;ajcmufyg; wdukd ]yuKomwd}tm; bk&m;jrwfpmu okwjf zifh &Si;vif; kY G f jyawmfrlonf/ (139) op0db*Fokwf/ / opmav;yg;ESihf r*i&pyg; f S f taMumif;udk okwwif pHkvifpm azmfjyxm;onf/ f G G (140) 'udP0db*Fokw/ f / vSLzG,0wKtpkpkukd f rnfokdYvSL'gef;&rnfhtaMumif; a0zef&Si;vif;um tvSLcHxkduf f aom yk*Kd vf(14)OD;wdukd okwjf zifh bk&m;jrwfpmu azmfjycJh kY G onf/ ]]tvSLcHyk*dKvf wq,fhav;OD;}} (1) wxm*awt&[aEormorKa' = bk&m;jrwfpGm? (2) yapuorKa' = yapuAk'? (3) wxm*w om0au t&[aE = bk&m;jrwfpm\ G om0u&[Em? (4) t&[wzv opu&,m, y#doaE= t&[wzvf d dd kd udk rsuarSmufjyK&ef usihaomyk*Kd vf? f f (5) tem*grd = tem*grf? (6) tem*grdzv opu&,m, y#doaE = tem *grdzvf d d kd udk rsuarSmufjyK&ef usihaomyk*Kd vf? f f (7) ou'g*grd = ou'g*grf?
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a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 144

(8) ou'g*grdzv opu&,m, y#doaE = ou'g d dd *grdzkdvukdrsuarSmufjyK&ef usihfaomyk*Kd vf? f f (9) aomwmyaE = aomwmyef? (10) aomwmywzv opu&,m, y#doaE = aom d d d d wmywzkdvukdrsuarSmufjyK&ef usihfaomyk*Kd vf? d f f (11) Am[d&au umarok0wa&ma* = umr*kP &m* D f uif;ol? (12) ykxkZeoDv0aE = oDvESihjf ynfhpHkol ykxkZOf? (13) ykxkZe'kav = oDvrJol ykxkZOf? D h (14) wd&pme*aw = wd&pmef/ (141) temxyd@daum0g'okwf/ /tm,wew&m; rsm; "mwfBuD;ajcmufyg; tmumomem,we 0dnmPm, we tmudnm,we ae0onmemonm,wewd\ vTr;f rd;rI Yk k atmufwif repfre;&ef ]temxydPoa|;BuD;}tm; &Siom&d G Gf f l f ykMwmu okwjf zifh Mo0g'ay;awmfronf/ l (142) qaEm0g'okwf/ / okwum; rdru,ukd f d kd f rdrd aoaMumif;BuHpnfaom ]qE} rnfaom&[ef;ESihf pyfvsO;f a[mMum;aomokwf jzpfonf/ (143) ykaPm0g'okwf/ /bk&m;jrwfpm\ w&m; G a'oemudk Mum;emNyD;aemuf ]&SiykP}u vloluif;a0;aom f
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t&yf wa,mufwnf; rnfokaexdkiusiBhf uHyg&rnftaMumif; Yd f h bk&m;jrwfpGmudk yefMum;ojzifh bk&m;jrwfpGmu okwfjzifh &SiykPukd TeMf um;vrf;jyawmfrlonf/ f okwwif ]pHjyonf;cHenf;} tqifajcmufqifwiwif f G h h kd f kd onf;cHEkdiaMumif; ]&SiykP}u avQmufxm;avonf/ f f (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) ]]pHjyonf;cHenf; ajcmufqifh}} qJa&;onfukd onf;cHjcif;/ vufjzifhykwcwfonfukd onf;cHjcif;/ f cJjzifhaygufonfukd onf;cHjcif;/ wkwjf zifhkduonfukd onf;cHjcif;/ f "m;ESihfxkd;ckwonfukd onf;cHjcif;/ f taoowfonfukd onf;cHjcif;/

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(146) qquokwf/ /okwjf zifh bk&m;jrwfpm G onf ajcmufpaomw&m;wdukd &[ef;wdtm; &Si;jyawmfronf/ kH Yk Yk f l ]]ajcmufpHkaomw&m;}} (1) ]]tZwdutm,we}} puK? aomw? Cme? Zd0m? um,? re/ S (2) ]]A[d'tm,we}} ly? o'? *E? &o? azm|A? "r/ (3) ]]q0dnmPum,}} puK0dnmP? aomw0dnmP? Cme0dnmP? Zd0Sm 0dnmP? um,0dnmP? raem0dnmP/ (4) ]]qzum,}} puK+ly+puK0dnmP = z/ aomw+o'+aomw0dnmP = z/ Cme+*E+Cme0dnmP = z/ Zd0m+&o+Zd0m0dnmP = z/ S S um,+azm|A+um,0dnmP = z/ re+"r+raem0dnmP = z/ (5) ]]qa0'emum,}} puK+ly+puK0dnmP+z = a0'em/ aomw+o'+aomw0dnmP+z = a0'em/ Cme+*E+Cme0dnmP+z = a0'em/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 147

Zd0m+&o+Zd0m0dnmP+z = a0'em/ S S um,+azm|A+um,0dnmP+z= a0'em/ re+"r+raem0dnmP+z = a0'em/ (6) ]]qwPSmum,}} puK+ly+puK0dnmP+z+a0'em=wPSm/ aomw+o'+aomw0dnmP+z+a0'em =wPSm? Cme+*E+Cme0dnmP+z+a0'em=wPSm/ Zd0Sm+&o+Zd0Sm0dnmP+z+a0'em=wPSm/ um,+azm|A+um,0dnmP+z+a0'em = wPSm/ re+"r+raem0dnmP+z+a0'em=wPSm/ (147) r[moVm,weduokwf/ /tm,we ajcmuf yg;wdYk ta&;BuD;yHukd bk&m;jrwfpmonf &[ef;wdtm; okwjf zifh k G Yk &Si;vif; jyawmfrlonf/ f (148) e*&0daE,sokwf/ /okwum; ]e*&0dE} f &Gmom; ykPm;wdukd a[mjyawmfraomokwf jzpfonf/ okwf Yk l wGif ylaZmfoum&udk cH,xkuaom &[ef;ykPm;wdEihf ylaZmf l d f kY S oum&udk rcH,xkuaom &[ef;ykPm;wdkukd cGjJ cm; azmfjy l d f Y xm;\/ tm,wew&m;ESiywfouf &m* a'go arm[ hf w&m;wdukd okwoifz,f&i;f Ediaom &[ef;ykPm;wdonfomvQif Yk f S kf Yk ylaZmfoum&udk cH,xkuaom [l\/ l d f
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(149) yd@ygwy&dok'dokw/ /qGr;cHvSnhvnf&m f f f wGif udk,hfukd,ukd oefY&Si;pifMu,fap&ef `E,w&m;wdkYukd f f d &[ef;wdonf qifjcifxe;odr;oifaMumif; okwjf zifh Mo0g' Yk df f h ay;awmfrl\/ (150) `Ed,bm0emokwf/ /okwwif bk&m;jrwf f G pGmonf `E,w&m;wdkYukdcsKyfwD;&ef &Si;vif;jyawmfrlonf/ d f ------ 0 ------

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yg0ifavonf/ 9 pk 8 pk 18 / 10 / 17 / 5 / 10 / 8 / 2/ 5 / 2/ 7/ 10 /

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ygVdpmayordki; f 154

'kpduukd rjrwfE;dk bJ okpduuom jrwfE;dk oifaMumif;/ k f k f kd h rdru,ukd rdrcsponf[k xifrwaeaomfvnf; 'kpduf d kd f d f S f k w&m;wdkYukd ra&SmifMuOfbJ jyKusihaeaomolonf rdrd f udk,ukd rdrcsponf rrnfaMumif;...ponfwkdYwnf;/ f d f (4) rm&oH,kw/ / oH,wonf rm&fewfEihf f k f S bk&m;jrwfpGm awGUqHkawmfrlcef;udk &Si;vif;az:jyaomoH,kwf f jzpfonf/ bk&m;jrwfpmonf oarm"da&TOmPfawmfu&um bk&m; G kd tjzpfokdY a&mufawmfrlavvQif rm&fewfonf bk&m;jrwfpmudk G toGitrsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh tusiysujf ym;atmif zsuq;vm\/ qGr; f hf f D f uGr; ponfwkukd bk&m;jrwfpmtm; rvSL'gef;rylaZmf&ef ]y f Yd G omv} wdi;om;wduyif Ed;aqmf\/ odaomf bk&m;jrwfpmonf kf Yk kd I Yk G rm&fewf\&efukd t<uif;rJh atmifEkdiawmfrlvkduonf/ f f (5) bduKeDoH,kw/ f /a*gwrD?Oyv0PmESi0Zd hf &m paom jrwfax&DwkdYtm; bk&m;jrwfpm csrSwawmfrlaom G f vrf;pOfukd rvduemrusiBhf uHap&ef rm&fewfu rnfoaoG;aqmif k f Ykd zsuqD;yHkukd oH,kwwGif pHkvifpGmazmfjyxm;\/ f f (6) jA[oH,kw/ /oH,kwum; bk&m;jrwfpm f f G tm; jA[mBuD;o[Hywdu ow0gtaygif;udk w&m;a&at; wdkuauR;&efawmif;yefaMumif; nTejf yonfYoH,kwf jzpfonf/ f

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ygVdpmayordki; f 155

(7) jAm[PoH,kwf/ /oH,wum; ]bm& k f 'GgZ}trSL;&Saom bm&'GgZEG,0if ykPm;wdtm; w&m;"r a[m d f Yk jyawmfrum Ak'omoemawmfwi;f odYk rnfuoYkd oGwoi;f aMumif; l G hJ f G Tejf yaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ (8) 0*ooH,kwf/ / oH,wonf tmV0Djynf k f ]&Sieaj*m"uy}\ wynfjh zpfaom ]0*o}ud,awmfuav;onf fd k f ausmif;wduuMkd unf&ef vmMuaom rmwk*grwdukd taMumif; k f h I Yk jyK jzpfay:vmaom wPSm&m*pdwwrvwatmif rnfoke; f kYd S G f kYd f uefwGe;vSeaMumif; ponfukdTejf yaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ f f (9) 0eoH,kw/ / oH,kwonf vrf;rSeukd f f f aoGzum bk&m;jrwfpm\omoemawmfukd usL;ausmo&[ef;wdkY D G f l tm; awmapmifewfrsm;u vrf;rSeua&muf&&ef rnfowuwe;f h f kd dS Ykd kd f G Ed;aqmfaMumif;udk jyqdkaom oH,kwf jzpfonf/ I (10) ,uoH,kw/ /oH,kwum; Eu?ou? f f okpavmr?rPdb'? yd,uF&?ykeAok ESihf oD0u paom bDv; d l bDv;rrsm;ESihf bk&m;jrwfpm awGUqkHaqG;aEG;cef;udk wifjyaom l G oH,kwf jzpf\/ (11) ouoH,kw/ / ]a0ypdw}trSL;&Saom tok& f d taygif;wdkukd odMum;rif;onf rnfokEyeif; atmifjrifvkuf Y Yd dS f d
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ygVdpmayordki; f 156

aMumif;? wm0womewfjynfwif ewfwkdY\ tBuD;trSL;jzpf&ef G rnfokdYBudK;yrf;tm;xkwcJh&aMumif;udk pHkvifpm oH,kwwif f G f G azmfjyxm;onf/ ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 157

]ed'ge0*f oH,kwfrsm;} (1) ed'geoH,kwf/ / y#dporkyg'f taMumif;udk bk&m;jrwfpmonf oH,kwjf zifh &[ef;wdktm; &Si;vif;awmf G Y f rl\/ (2) tbdor,oH,kw/ / raumif;rI rSeorQ f f onf rnfrQyifao;zGapumrl wd;yGm;vmwwfonfobm0&Sonf J k h d tm;avsmpm &[ef;rSevQif raumif;rI[orQwukd wdkuzsuypf f G f l kYd f f &rnftaMumif; bk&m;jrwfpmonf oH,kwjf zifh wdkuwe;Ed; h G f Gf I aqmfawmfrlcJh\/ (3) "mwkoH,kwf/ / oH,wum; "mwf0wKwYkd k f \axGjym;yHkukd bk&m;jrwfpmu &Si;vif;jyaomoH,kwf jzpf\/ G f (4) terw*oH,kw/ f / wPSm&pfaESmifum t0dZmvTr;f rd;aeolwtzdYk oHo&m\qH;pudk rodEiaMumif; bk&m; k Ykd k kd f jrwfpmu oH,kwwif a[mMum;cJonf/ G f G h (5) uyoH,kwf/ /&Siuyonf a&mif&J f h wif;wdrpm aewwfaMumif;? &[ef;wdkonf &Siuy\enf; f G Y f udk,loifhaMumif;? oGm;av&mt&yfa'owGif &Siuyonf f vrif;uJhokdY vlwkdY\ESvHk;tdrtMunf"mwfukd ,lusHK;EdkiaMumif; f f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 158

jzifh bk&m;jrwfpGm onf &Siuy\ *kPxl;0daoowdkYukd f f oH,kwjf zifh csD;usL; *kPjf yKawmfrlcJhonf/ (6) vmboum&oH,kwf/ /oH,wonf ig; k f pmudkomjrif ig;rQm;cswukrjrifaomig;onf wHigonf\ d f d ig;rQm;cswwif 'kua&muf&bdouJokYd vmbfvmbESihf xif d f G h &Sm;rI ponfhtvdkodkY vdkufavsmaom&[ef;onf aemufqHk; 'kua&mufwwfaMumif; Tejf yaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ (7) &m[kvoH,kwf/ / tm,wew&m;wdonf Yk okcudkrpGr;aqmifbJ 'kuukdomzefwD;jcif;aMumifh ]][mig? f xd[mig jzpfonf} paom t,l0g'rsm;udk y,fzsuoifaMumif; k f h Ed;aqmfNyD;vQif 0denf;awmfrsm;udk vHkNcHKpGmapmifxe;&ef ]&Si&m I h df f [kv} udk oH,kwjf zifh owday;Ed;aqmfconf/ I hJ (8) vuPoH,kwf/ /oH,wum; ]&Sivu k f f P}ESihf ]&Siarm*vmef}wdukd taMumif;jyK ay:aygufvmaom f Yk oH,kwf jzpfonf/ tcgwyg; &Siarm*vmefEihf &SivuPwdonf qGr;cH f S f Yk f vSnvnfMupOf &Siarm*vmef ]&,f}onfukd &SivuPjrifvQif hf f f taMumif;udk ar;jref;ojzifh &Siarm*vmefu ]&,f}jcif;\ t f aMumif;udk bk&m;jrwfpma&SUawmfwif ajzMum;aomoH,wjf zpf\/ G G k

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ygVdpmayordki; f 159

(Nydwmrsm;taMumif;udk oH,kw tus,avhvmEdkif f f onf/) (9) MoyroH,kwf/ /oH,wum; tukovf k f kd [lorQonf t0dZmudkt&if;cHvsuom ay:aygufvmMuaom f aMumifh rarhravsmbJ ZGvvjzifh t0dZmudk y,f&m;oifaMumif; h J YkH S h owday;EdI;aqmfaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ (10) bduKoH,kw/ f /]t&d,wkPbm0}[lonf dS 'kw,psmeformywf0ifpm;&mrS aygufzm;vmaMumif;udk &Siarm* d G f vmefu &[ef;wdktm; oH,kwjf zifh azmfjyavonf/ Y ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 160

]]cE0*foH,kwfrsm;}} (1) cEoH,kw/ / oH,wum; cEmig;yg; f k f taMumif;ESifh ywfoufavonf/ opmav;yg;jrwfw&m;udk aumif;pGmrusuraom olwonf cEmig;yg;\ azmufjyef ,dk fd Ykd ,Gi;f wwfyukd rxifEirjrifEiMf uojzifh aemufq;wGif 'kuj zifh kH kd f kd kH Zmwfor;&aMumif;? opmav;yg;udk aumif;pGm&ifhusurolwkdY d f f d tzdkYrlum; cEmig;yg;\ tedpobm0udk odem;vnfMuojzifh 'kuruif;vGwEkiaMumif;udk bk&m;jrwfpmonf oH,kwjf zifh S f d f G ay:vGifapcJh\/ (2) &m"oH,kw/ /cEmESipyfvsO;onfh ]&Si&m"} f hf f f \ tar;ykpmrsm;udk oH,wjf zifh bk&m;jrwfpmu ajzMum;awmf k G rlonf/ (3) 'd|doH,kwf/ /oH,kwum; cEmig;yg;udk f pGJ jzpfay:vmaom t,l0g'trsdK;rsdK;udk &Sif;jyawmfrlaom oH,kwfjzpf\/ tcsKd Uu-ocFg&rSeorQ NrJonf[k ,lqMuuke\/ tcsKd U f f urlum; [m igh[m? ukovf tukovr&S?d urmBuD;onf kd kd f tqHk;tydki;r&Sd ponfjzifh trsKd ;rsKd ; ,HkMunfMuuke\/ pifppf f f cEmig;yg;um; rNrJ? 'kuj zifomvQif tpowf\/ tjrifre&aom h Sf &[ef;onf 'kurSuif;vGwfEdkifaMumif;udk bk&m;jrwfpGmonf
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ygVdpmayordki; f 161

oH,kwjf zifh xif&Sm;apawmfrlcJhonf/ (4) MouEduoH,kwf/ / tm,wew&m;wd\ Yk rNrJaomoabmESihf azmufjyefwwfaom obm0udk aumif;pGm odem;vnfaomolonf aomwmyefy*Kd vjf zpfaMumif; oH,wf k k wGif a[mMum;awmfrlonf/ (5) Oyg'oH,kwf/ / tm,wew&m;wdYk jzpfay: vmjcif;onf tdjk cif;? emjcif;? aojcif;w&m;wdYk jzpfay:vmjcif; yifwnf; [k oH,wu azmfjy\/ k f (6) udavooH,kw/ f / oH,wum; tm k f ,wew&m;wdkukr aygufzm;vmaom qE&m*onf pdw\ Y d DS G f tnpftaMu;jzpfaMumif; &Si;vif;jyaom oH,kwjf zpfonf/ f (7) om&dykwoH,kw/ f /]&SitmeEm}\ pl;prf; f csut& ]&Siom&dyMk wm}u olonf lyg0p&psmefav;yg;? tm f f umomem,we? 0dnmPm,we? tmudnm,we? ae0 onm emonm,we? eda&m"ormywfwEihf jynfpaomaMumifh Ykd S h kH tm,wew&m;rsm;ESihf ywfouf wnfNidrat;csr;aMumif;udk f f oH,kwjf zifh ajzMum;\/

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ygVdpmayordki; f 162

(8) em*oH,kw/ /oH,kwum; e*g;av;rsKd ; f f taMumif; az:jyaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ ]]e*g;av;rsdK;}} 1? t@Zem* = OrSzm;aome*g;/ G 2? ZvmykZem* = trd0rf;wGi;rSzm;aom e*g;/ f G 3? oHao'Zem* = acR; tnpftaMu; trduodurS I f k f zGm;aom e*g;? 4? Moyygwduem* = tvdktavsmuf zGm;aome*g;/ (9) okyPoH,kw/ / oH,wum; uvke(*VKe) f k f f f av;rsKd ;taMumif; azmfjyaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ ]]uvkefav;rsdK;}} 1? t@ZokyP = OrSzm;aomuvke?f G 2? ZvmAkZokyP = trd0rf;wGi;rSzGm;aomuvke?f f 3? oHao'ZokyP = acR; tnpftaMu; trduoduf I f k rSzGm;aom uvke?f 4? MoyygwduokyP = tvdtavsmuf zGm;aomuvke?f k (10) *EAum,oH,kw/ / oH,wum; *EA q,f f k f rsKd ;&SaMumif; azmfjyaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ d ]]*EAq,frsdK;}} 1? rlv*aE = tjrpfeomaexdkiaom *EA/ YH f 2? om&*aE = tESpeomaexdkiaom *EA/ f YH f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 163

3? 4? 5? 6? 7? 8? 9? 10?

az*K*aE = tumeHomaexdkiaom *EA/ Y f wp*aE = tcGeomaexdkiaom *EA/ H YH f yy#du*aE = tayG;eHomaexdkiaom *EA/ Y f yw*aE = t&Gueomaexdkiaom *EA/ f YH f yky*aE = tyGieomaexdkiaom *EA/ hf YH f zv*aE = toD;eHomaexdkiaom *EA/ Y f &p*aE = t&nfeomaexdkiaom *EA/ YH f *E*aE = teH eHomaexdkiaom *EA/ Y Y f

(11) 0vm[uoH,kw/ / oH,wum; 0vm[u f k f ewfig;rsKd ;&SaMumif; azmfjyaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ d ]]0vm[uewfig;rsdK;}} 1? oDw0vm[ua'0 = wdrat;ewf/ f 2? OPS0vm[ua'0 = wdryewf/ f l 3? tA0vm[ua'0 = rdk;om;ewf/ 4? 0gw0vm[ua'0 = avewf/ 5? 00vm[ua'0 = rdk;aygufewf/ (12) 0pa*gwoH,kwf/ / cEmig;yg;\ tppf trSeobm0udk rodjcif;aMumifh 'd|trsKd ;rsKd ; pGvrf;aeMuaMumif; f d J udk ]]0pa*gw}}y&dAdkZftm; bk&m;jrwfpGmu oH,kwfjzifh &Sif;vif;jyawmfrlonf/

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ygVdpmayordki; f 164

(13) psme(orm"d)oH,kw/ /psmefusiyk*Kd vfav;rsKd ; f hf taMumif;udk bk&m;jrwfpmonf oH,kwwif azmfjyawmfrchJ G f G l onf/ 1? ]]psmefusifhyk*dKvfav;rsdK;}} psm,D orm"do orm"dukoavma[mwd? eorm"do ormywd ukoavm/ (psmefusihvsuf orm"domuRrf;usi ormywf f f ruRrf;usiaom yk*Kd vf) f psm,Dorm"do ormywukoavm a[mwd? d eorm"do orm"d ukoavm/ (psmefusihvsuf ormywfomuRrf;usi orm"d f f ruRrf;usiaom yk*Kd vf) f psm,Dae0 orm"do orm"dukoavm a[mwd? eporm"do ormywd ukoavm/ (psmefusivsuf orm"dvnf; ruRr;f usiaom orm hf f ywfvnf; ruRrf;usiaom yk*Kd vf) f psm,D orm"do orm"d ukoavmp a[mwd? orm"do ormywd ukoavm/ (psmefusihfvsuf orm"dvnf;uRrf;usiaom orm f ywfvnf; uRrf;usiaomyk*Kd vf) f ------ 0 -----M.A.

2?

3?

4?

a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 165

]]oVm,weoH,kwfrsm;}} (1) oVm,weoH,kw/ / oH,wonf tm f k f ,wew&m;wdkY\ rNrJaomobm0udk azmfjyum xdkrNrJaom obm0rSuif;vGw&ef qE&m*udk y,fzsu&rnftaMumif; &Si; f f h f vif;jyaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ (2) a0'emoH,kw/ /okc'kuEihf t'kurokc f S wnf;[laom a0'emoH;rsKd ;udk oH,wu &Si;f vif;jyqdonf/ k k f k (3) rmwk*groH,kwf/ /oH,wum; txl; k f ojzifh trsKd ;orD;rsm; (rmwk*gr)rsm;ESihpyfvsO; a[mMum; f f onfo,wjf zpf&m trsKd ;orD;wd jynfptyfjynfpoif?h rjynfpkH h H k Yk h kH h kH h tyf rjynfpoifaom t&nftcsi;f rsm;udk oH,w avhvm h kH h k f &\/ ]]a,musfm;rjrwfEdk;tyfaom t*Fgig;yg;}} 1? ely0g = ky&nfrvSjcif;/ f 2? eabm*0g = ypn;Opm r&Sjd cif;/ f 3? eoDv0g = tusiraumif;jcif;/ hf 4? tvo=ysif;&djcif;? 5? typm evbwd = om;a,musm; r&jcif;/ f txufygt*Fgig;yg;udk jyefaomtm;jzifh a,musm;jrwfE;dk f tyfaom t*Fgig;yg;udk odEki&m\/ d f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 166

]]trsdK;orD;rsm; cHpm;&aom tma0Pdu'kuig;yg;}} 1? vif\tdrovuygum vif\aqGrsKd ;rsm;ESihf twlwuG f Ykd kd f ae&jcif;/ 2? OwkaoG;ay:&jcif;/ 3? udk,f0efaqmif&jcif;/ 4? om;zGm;&jcif;/ 5? vifukd ajcqkyvufe,f jyKpk&jcif;/ f (4) ZrKcg'uoH,kwf/ /oH,kwum; r*f f zdkvedAmefaygufajrmufa&;twGuf t"duusihfpOfusihfenf;rsm; f udk ]&Siom&dykMwm}u ]ZrKcg'u}y&dAkdZtm; a[mMum;aom f f oH,kwf jzpfonf/ (5) omr@uoH,kw/ f /]omr@u}rnfaom y&dAZtm; &Siom&dyMk wmu edAmeftaMumif;udk &Si;f jyaomoH,wf kd f f k jzpfonf/ edAmef[onf avmba'goarm[w&m;wdukd zsuf l Yk qD;ypfjcif;yifjzpfonf/ r*i&Spyg;udk vdkuemusihfoHk;jcif;jzifh f f f edAmefodkYa&mufEdkifonf[lvdk/ (6) arm*vmeoH,kwf/ /lyg0p& psmefav;yg; tmumomem,we0dnmPm,wetmudnm,we ae0 onmemonm,weESihf tedrwapawm orm"dtaMumif;rsm;udk d ]&Siarm*vmef}u &[ef;wdtm; oH,wjf zifh &Si;jyawmfr\/ f Yk k f l
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ygVdpmayordki; f 167

(7) pdwoH,kwf/ /oH,wonf ]pdwo<l u,f} k f ESihf &[ef;wdkY aqG;aEG;Muaom oH,kwjf zpfonf/ 1? 2? 3? 4? ]]aqG;aEG;aoma'oemrsm;}} oHa,mZeESihf oHa,mZed,w&m;wdkY\ uGJjym;rI/ "mwfwkdY\ axGjym;rI/ oum,'d|ukd trSDjyK 'd|trsKd ;rsKd ; jzpfay:vmyHk/ d d aev*F = e+{v+t*F=tjypfuif;aom? aowypm' = t&[wzvf 0drw/ {uma&m= owd/ 0ww= kd k d d &d,mykxf/&x=cEm/teDC=&m*a'go arm[ y,fNyD; &[Em/ tm,E=&[Em/ qdEaomw= &[Em/ tAEe=&[Em wnf;[laom yk'w\teuf f Ykd udk azmfxkwjf cif;/ um,0pDpdwwnf;[laom ocFg&oHk;rsKd ;taMumif;/ onma0',dw eda&m"ormywtaMumif;/ d onma0',dw eda&m"ormywf0ifpm;olEihf aoolwYkd S uGmjcm;yHktaMumif; ponfwkdYwnf;/

5? 6? 7?

(8) *grPdoH,kw/ /oH,wum; ]*grPd} f k f rnfaom &GmolBuD;\ yefMum;csut& bk&m;jrwfpmonf ]p@} f G yk*Kd vf=Murf;MuKwfaomolESihf ]aom&w}yk*Kd vf=El;nHhaomol [l yk*Kd vEprsKd ;udk cGjJ cm;jyoawmfraomoH,wf jzpf\/ if;jyif fSf l k ]umarokumrokcvumEka,m*}ESihf ]twuvrxmEka,m*} d d
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ygVdpmayordki; f 168

wnf;[laom vrf;pOfEpckukd y,f&m;um ]rZry#dy'g}wnf; S f S d [laom tv,ftvwfvrf;pOfukom vdkuemusiokH;Mu&efukd d f hf vnf; bk&m;jrwfpmu oH,wyif TeMf um;awmfrcao;\/ G k f l hJ ]]p@yk*dKvfESifYaom&wyk*dKvf}} ]p@} [lonf avmba'goarm[wdYk rukecef;ojzifh f wyg;olwukd trsuxu\/ wyg;olwu trsuxuf Ykd f G f Ykd f G apojzifhvnf; trsuxGu\/ f f ]aom&w}[lonf avmba'goarm[wdkY ukecef; f ojzifh wyg;olwukd trsurxGu/ wyg;olwu Ykd f f Ykd trsuxuatmif jyKusihaomfvnf; trsurxGu/ f G f f f f (9) tocFwoH,kwf/ /oH,kwwif ]tocFw f G edAme}= edAmeftaMumif; &Si;vif;a[mqdkxm;onf/ edAmefonf f avmb a'goarm[ w&m;wdkukd y,fzsuawmfvejf cif;yif Y f S jzpfonf/ edAmefuka&muf&ef atmufygusipOfrsm;udk vdkuem& d hf f rnf/ ]]edAmefa&mufusifhpOfrsm;}} 1? orm"d/ 4? owdy|mefav;yg;/ 2? orx/ 5? 'dyg'fav;yg;/ 3? 0dyem/ 6? r*if&Spfyg;/

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ygVdpmayordki; f 169

(10) tAsmuwoH,kw/ f /oH,kwum;]bk&if f yaoe'daumov}\ yefMum;csut& ]acrmax&D}u tAsm f uww&m;q,fyg;udk rar;oif rar;xduaMumif; bk&m;jrwfpm h k f G udk,awmfwkiuyif xdkw&m;wdkukd raqG;aEG;tyf[k rdeMYf um;cJh f d f Y aMumif; ajzMum;aomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ ------ 0 ------

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a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 170

]]r[m0*foH,kwfrsm;}} (1) r*oH,kw/ / oH,kwum; r*i&pyg; f f f S f ESihf pyfqkiaomoH,kwf jzpf\/ d f (2) aAmZ*FoH,kwf/ /oH,wonf owd"r k f 0dp,0D&d,yDwdy'dorm"dESifh Oayumwnf; [laom aAmZifckepfyg;ESihf ywfoufaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ (3) owdy|meoH,kwf/ /oH,wwif owd k f G y|mefav;yg;taMumif;udk aqG;aEG;xm;onf/ (4) `Ed,oH,kw/ f /o'g0D&,owdorm"d d ESihf ynmwnf;[laom `E,w&m; ig;yg;taMumif;udk d oH,kwwif azmfjyxm;onf/ f G (5) ory"meoH,kwf/ /oH,wum; ory"mef k f w&m;av;yg;udk &Si;jyonfhoH,kwf jzpfonf/ f ]]ory"mefw&m;av;yg/ 1? ray:aygufao;aom raumif;rItukokdvukd [efY f wm;&ef tm;xkwjf cif;/ 2? ay:aygufNyD;aom raumif;rItukokvukd wdkuzsuf d f f &ef tm;xkwjf cif;/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 171

3? ray:aygufao;aom aumif;rIukokvukd &&ef tm; d f xkwfjcif;/ 4? ay:aygufNyD;aom aumif;rIuovukd wnfNrJ&ef tm; k kd f xkwfjcif;/ (6) AvoH,kw/ /o'g0D&,orm"dEihf Oayum f d S wnf;[laom Avig;yg;taMumif;udk oH,wwif azmfjyxm; k f G onf/ (7) 'dyg'oH,kwf/ /oH,wum; qE k f 0D&,pdwEihf 0Dromwnf;[laom 'yg'fav;yg;ESihf pyfqkif d S H d d onf/ (8) tEkk'oH,kwf/ /oH,wum; owdy|mef k f w&m;av;yg;udk yGm;rsm;ojzifh ]&SitEkk'}onf wefck;'yg'f f d d ESihf jynfpkHaMumif; Tejf yaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ h (9) psmeoH,kw/ f / oH,kwwGif lyg0p& f psmefav;yg;taMumif;udk &Si;vif;jyqdkxm;onf/ f (10) tmemygeoH,kwf/ /tmemygeur|mef; yGm; rsm;aomf rnfotusKd ;xl;aMumif; bk&m;jrwfpmu oH,wwif Ykd G k f G azmfxkwfxm;onf/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 172

(11) aomwmywdoH,kw/ /olawmfpifw&m;av; f yg;ESijhf ynfpvQif aomwmyefy*Kd vjf zpfEiaMumif; bk&m;jrwfpmu h kH k kd f G oH,kwwGif a[mawmfrl\/ f ]]aomwmyefyk*dKvfjzpfEdkifaom olawmfpifw&m;av;yg;}} 1? bk&m;udk ,HkMunfjcif;/ 2? w&m;udk ,HkMunfjcif;/ 3? oHCmudk ,HkMunfjcif;/ 4? oDvudk rusKd ;rayguf rajymufrusm; wnfMunfpm G xdef;apmifhjcif;/ (12) opoH,kw/ f /oH,wum; 'kuopm k f ork',opm eda&m"opmESihf r*opmwnf;[laom opmav; yg;taMumif;udk &Si;vif;jyaomoH,kwf jzpfonf/ f ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 173

]]t*Fkw&edum,f}} ]{ukw&}/ 0g t*Fkw&edum,fusrf;um; "rta& twGutvdkuf pDpOfjyKpkxm;aomusr;jzpfonf/ xdkusr;wGif f f f okwta&twGutm;jzifh (9775)okw& edygwaygif; (11)ck f f f dS yg0ifavonf/ ]]{ukw&edygwrsm;}} 1? {uedygw ... 21 pk yg0ifonf/ 2? 'kuedygw ... 16 pk yg0ifonf/ 3? wduedygw ... 16 pk yg0ifonf/ 4? pwkuedygw ... 26 pk yg0ifonf/ 5? yuedygw ... 26 pk yg0ifonf/ 6? quedygw ... 12 pk yg0ifonf/ 7? owuedygw ... 9 pk yg0ifonf/ 8? t|uedygw ... 9 pk yg0ifonf/ 9? e0uedygw ... 9 pk yg0ifonf/ 10? 'ouedygw ... 22 pk yg0ifonf/ 11? {um'ouedygw ... 3 pk yg0ifonf/ (1) {uedygw/ / eD0&Pw&m;rsm;? avhusihf NyD;aompdwEihf ravhusi&ao;aom pdw0D&,orm'd| rdpm fS hf f d d 'd|wtjyif bk&m;jrwfpm\ wynfom0uBuD;rsm;jzpfaom &Sif d kYd G h om&dykMwm &Siarm*vmef &Sir[muyESihf tjcm;xif&m; f f S aom ax&fBuD;rsm;taMumif;udkvnf; {uedygw aqG;aEG; xm;onf/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 174

(2) 'kuedygu/ / ,ckrsuarSmufyif tusKd ; f oufa&mufapaom ('d|"ruH 0Z)ESihf wrvGe'*wi&JoYkd vm; d H fk d apwwfaomtjypf (or&m,duH 0ZH)taMumif;? AvESpyg;? f &[ef;y&dowfEprsKd ;taMumif;? a&TaiGypn; ponfwkYd vSL'gef; S f f onfh ]tmrdo'ge}ESihf w&m;tvSLwnf;[laom ]"r'ge}ESprsKd ; f ponfwkdYukd 'kuedygw aqG;aEG;xm;onf/ (3) wduedygw/ / uHo;yg;usL;vGeoonf ol kH f l rdkujf zpf uHokH;yg;vHkNcHKatmif apmifxe;aomolonf ynm&Sd h df jzpfaMumif;? tvSL'geay;urf;oifaMumif;? rdbwdukd vkyauR; h kY f oifaMumif;rsm;udk wduedygw Tejf yxm;onftjyif tcsKd U h h &[ef;ykPm;wdk\ t,l0g'rsm;udk wdkuzsuum y#dporkyg'f Y f f w&m;ESihf opmav;yg;w&m;taMumif;wdukvnf; wifjyxm;\/ kY d (4) pwkuedygw/ / edygwwGif &[ef;rSevQif f oDv?orm"d?ynm?0drkwd wnf;[laom w&m;av;yg;ESihf jynfpkH h tyfaMumif;? y#dya'om0gaom= oifwifavsmufywfaomt&yf l h h ae&onftjzpf? oyK&dolyeda,m=olawmfaumif;wdkYudk qnf;uyf&onftjzpf? twormyPd"=ud,u,ukd aumif;pGm d k h f kd f aqmufwnftyfonftjzpf? ykaAp uwyknwm=a&S;u aumif;rI ukokdvjf yKzl;ol\ tjzpfwkdYukd pwkueygwwGif az:jyxm; d onfhjyif ]orPppf}[lonf rnfokdYaomyk*Kd vfukd ac:qdktyf onfqkdaom jyemudkvnf; &Si;vif;jyqdkxm;onf/ f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 175

(5) yuedygw/ /edygwwGif aocAvig; yg;? wxm*wwd\ Avig;wef? Oyuavo ig;yg;? eD0&P Yk d ig;yg;? ur|mef;I&mig;yg;wdukd &Si;vif;azmfjyxm;onf/ if;jyif Yk f &m*a'goarm[ ruEiyVmo ruif;aom&[ef;udk &[ef; S hf tcsi;csi;u rjrwfEk;aMumif;? uHok;yg;jzifh arwmyGm;rsm;um f f d H aejcif;? oDvapmifxe;f jcif;ESihf rSeuefaomt,lukd ,ljcif;wnf; h d f [laom ]yzmok0d[m&} taMumif;udkvnf; edygwwGif azmfjy&Sif;vif;xm;onf/ (6) queygw/ d / queygwonf &[ef;wdYk d tpOftNrJ qifjcifEv;oGi;f tyfaom w&m;ajcmufyg;udk &Si;f vif; S kH az:jyaom edygwjzpfonf/ xdkw&m;ajcmufyg;um; atmufyg wdkYwnf;/ 1? eurm&mrwm = trIupwk rarGUavsmjf cif;/ d Yd 2? ebm&mrwm = tjiif;yGm;jcif; rarGUavsmjf cif;/ 3? eed'g&mrwm = tdyjf cif; rarGUavsmjf cif;/ 4? eo*FPum&mrwm = taygif;tazmfw rarGUavsmf d Ykd jcif;/ 5? aom0pwm = qHk;rvG,jf cif;/ 6? uvsmPrdwwm = rdwaumif;ESihaygif;azmfjcif;/ f f (7) owuedygw/ / edygwum; o'g?oDv? [d&?D Mowy? okw?pm*ESihf ynmwnf;[laom "eckEpyg;? tEke, Sf
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ygVdpmayordki; f 176

(cspjf cif;)? y#dC(rke;f jcif;)? 'd|(tjrifrm;jcif;)? 0dpupm (,Hrm; d S d d kS jcif;)? rme (rmefrjl cif;)? b0(tjzpfukwyfrufjcif;)ESihf t0dZm d (rodjcif;)wnf;[laom oHa,mZOfckEpyg;wdkukd &Si;vif;azmfjy S f Y f aomedygw jzpfonf/ (bk&m;jrwfpGmonf toufowfum ,ZfylaZmfjcif;udk vnf; edygw ,IwcsawmfrlcJhavonf) f (8) t|uedygw/ /edygwum; ivsivyjf cif; f I taMumif;&Spyg;? Oyko-y0g&PmyGJESihf tvSL'getrsKd ;rsKd ; t f f aMumif;udk &Si;vif;azmfjyaomedygw jzpfonf/ f (9) e0uedygw/ /edygwwGif atmufygwdkukd Y &Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;onf/ ]]yk*dKvfudk;yg;}} 1? t&[H = &[Em 2? t&[wm,y#dyaEm = &[Emtqiftwef;odYk a&muf h &ef usio/ hf l 3? tem*grf/ 4? tem*grdzv opd ud&,m, y#dyaEm= tem*grdzvf d kd tqiftwef;odkY a&muf&ef usio/ h hf l 5? ou'g*grf/ 6? ou'g*grdzv opu&,m, y#dyaEm = ou'g d dd *grdzkdvtqifhtwef;odkY a&muf&ef usihol/ f f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 177

7? aomwmyef/ 8? aomwmywzv opu&,m, y#dyaEm = aomwm d d dd ywzkdvtqifhtwef;odkY a&muf&ef usihol/ d f f 9? ykxkZOf/ ]]onmudk;yg;}} 1? tokb = rwifw,f[k Ijcif;/ h 2? r&P = aotH[k Ijcif;/ h 3? tm[ma&y#duLv = tpm;tpm pufqyz,f [k kfG Ijcif;/ 4? oAavmau tebd&wd = avmutvH; raysmyuf k f kd jcif;/ 5? tedp = tNrJr&S/ d 6? tedap 'ku = qif;&Jjcif;/ 7? 'kau tew = tw ZD0r&S/ d 8? y[me = y,fpejYf cif;/ G 9? 0d&m* = wyfjcif;uif;rI/ txufygtaMumif;wdtjyif &m*a'goarm[aum" Yk Oyem[ ruEiyVmow&m;wdukd y,fzsujf cif;tm;jzifh &[Em S hf Yk jzpfEkiaMumif;udkvnf; Tejf yxm;onf/ i&Jwd&pmef Nydwm d f vlYbHkESihfewfbHkwnf;[laom ow0gwdkY\vm;&m*wdig;yg;ESihf &m*a0'emonmocFg&0dnmPESipyfqionfh oabmw&m; h f kd f rsm;udkvnf; e0uedygw aqG;aEG;wifjyxm;onf/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 178

(10) 'ouedygw/ / edygwwGif onmq,fyg;? y&dok'q,fyg;ESihf aAmZickEpyg;w&m;oabmwdukd wifjyaqG; d f S f kY aEG;xm;onf/ ]]onmq,fyg;}} 1? tedp = tNrJr&Sonfukd Ijcif;/ d 2? tew = twZ0r&Sonfukd Ijcif;/ D d 3? r&P = aojcif;udk Ijcif;/ 4? tm[ma&y#duLv = tpm;tpm pufqkyz,ukd f G f Ijcif;/ 5? oAavmau tebd&wd = avmutvH; raysmyuf k f kd jcif;/ 6? t|du = tdk;pkukjI cif;? d 7? ykVK0u = ydk;avmuftwdukd Ijcif;/ 8? 0devu = tndKtrnf;udk Ijcif;/ D 9? 0dp'u = tydki;ydki;tjywfjywfukd Ijcif;/ d f f 10? O'Krmwu = zl;zl;a,mifa,mif taumifyyukd Ijcif;/ kf 1? 2? 3? 4? 5? ]]y&dok'dq,fyg;}} orm'd|d/ 6? orm0g,mr/ ormouFy/ 7? ormowd/ orm0gpm/ 8? ormorm"d/ ormurE/ 9? ormP/ ormtmZD0/ 10? orm0drkwd
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ygVdpmayordki; f 179

1? 2? 3? 4?

]]aAmZifckepfyg;}} owd/ 5? y'd/ "r0dp,/ 6? orm"d/ 0D&d,/ 7? Oayum/ yDwd/

(11) {um'ouedygw/ / edygwum; 0dZm p&PESihf aumif;rGepGm jynfhpHkrSomvQif edAmefokdYaygufa&muf f EdkirnfjzpfaMumif; &Si;vif;azmfjyaomedygw jzpfownf;/ f f ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 180

]]ck'uedum,f}} ck'uedum,fusrf;0if taMumif;t&mrsm;onf acwf trsKd ;rsKd ;ESihf ywfoufav&m tcsKd Ut|Kywrsm;onf acwftvGef d a&S;us tcsKd Uum; acwftwefaESmif;rS ay:aygufvmMuonf/ ck'uedum,fusr;udk txl;ojzifh *gxmrsm;ESihf jyKpkp&ifxm;& f D um; Ak'bmomw&m;awmf\ ta&;tBuD;qH;aom *gxmrsm;onf k usr; ajrmufjrm;pGm yg0ifavonf/ f 1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6? 7? 8? ]]ck'uedum,f0if usrf;rsm;}} ck'uygX/ 9? ax&D*gxm/ "ry'/ 10? Zmwu/ O'ge/ 11? r[meda'o/ wd0kwu/ 12? pkveda'o/ okweygw/ d 13? y#dord'gr*/ 0drme0wK/ 14? ty'ge/ ayw0wK/ 15? Ak'0Ho/ ax&*gxm/ 16? p&d,y#du/

(jrefrmtpOftvmu ]rdvEynm} ]okwo*F[} ]ay# d aumya'o}ESihf ]aew} (aewyu&P) wdonf ck'uedum,f d d Yk usr;wGif tusHK;0ifonf[k qdk\/) f

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ygVdpmayordki; f 181

(1) ]]ck'uygX}} ck'uygXusr;onf ck'uedum,f\ tOD;qHk;usr;jzpf f f onf/ usr;um; oD[kVuRe;wGif txl;av;pm;jcif;cH&aom f d f f usr;f apmifwapmif jzpfayonf/ usr;f (u) o&P*Ho;yg;? k kH (c) q,fyg;oDv? (*) oH;q,fEpaum|mo? (C) omraP k hSf rsm;ESipyfqiaom ar;cGe;f q,f&yf? (i) r*Fvokw?f (p) &we h f kd f okw?f (q) wda&muk#okw?f (Z) ed"u@okwEihf (ps) u&PD, d fS arwokwf taMumif;wdkYukd &Si;vif;wifjyxm;\/ f (u) ]]o&P*HkoHk;yg;}} 1? bk&m;&wem/ 2? w&m;&wem/ 3? oHCm&wem/ 1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6?
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(c) ]]q,fyg;oDv}} olYtoufowfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ olYOpmcdk;,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ umr*kPpnf;pdrEihf ywfouf rSm;,Gi;aom trl f f S f tusihrS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ f rrSepum;qdkjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ f ao&nfao&ufaomufjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ tutqdktwD;trIwwkdYrS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ f

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ygVdpmayordki; f 182

7? yef;rmvfeHYomqif,ifvdr;usHjcif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ f 8? jrifjh rwfBuD;us,aom tdraxmify&dabm*wdrS a&Smif f f kY MuOfjcif;/ 9? a&TaiGwkdYrS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ 10? tcser[kwonf tpm;tpmrS0jJ cif;rS a&SmifMuOfjcif;/ df f D 1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6? 7? 8? 9? 10? 11? 12? 13? 14? 15? 16? (*) ]]oHk;q,fhESpfaum|mo}} auo=qH/ 20? ydw=onf;ajc/ avmr=arT;nif;/ 21? aorS=ovdyf/ ec = ajconf;vufonf;/ 'E=oGm;/ 22? ykA=jynf/ wp=ta&txltyg;/ 23? avm[dw=aoG;/ rHo=tom;/ 24/ ao'=acR;/ e[mk=taMum/ 25? ar'=tqDcJ/ t|d=tdk;/ 26? tk=rsuf&nf/ t|drd=dk;wGif;jcifqD/ 27? 0om=qDMunf/ 0u=tndKU/ 28? acV=wHawG;/ [',=ESvHk;/ 29? odCFmedu=ESyf/ [ue=tonf;/ 30? vodu=tap;/ udavmru=tajr;/ 31? rkw=usifi,f/ yd[u=tzsOf;/ 32? rwvk*F=OD;aPSmuf/ yymo=tqkyf/ tE=tlr/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 183

17? tE*kP=tlodrf/ 18? O'&d,=tpmtdrf/ 19? u&Do=tpma[mif;/ 1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6? 7? *? 9?

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(C) ]]omraPar;cGefq,f&yf}} ]wpf}[lonf tb,fenf;/ (ow0g[lorQonf tm[m&wckwnf;ay:om rSD wif;aexdkifMu&onf/) ]ESp}[lonf tb,fenf;/ f (emrfESifhkyfwdkYjzpfonf/) ]oHk;}[lonf tb,fenf;/ (a0'emoHk;yg;wnf;/) ]av;}[lonf tb,fenf;/ (opmav;yg;jrwfw&m;yif/) ]ig;][lonf tb,fenf;/ (yKyg'geuEmwnf;/) ]ajcmuf}[lonf tb,fenf;/ (tZwdumedtm,wemedwdkYwnf;/) ]ckepf}[lonf tb,fenf;/ (aAmZifckepfyg;wnf;/) ]&Sp}[lonf tb,fenf;/ f (r*if&Spfyg;jzpfownf;/) ]udk;}[lonf tb,fenf;/

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ygVdpmayordki; f 184

(ow0gojzpfownf;/) 10? ]wpfq,f}[lonf tb,fenf;/ (&[Emjzpf&ef q,fyg;aomt&nftcsi;wnf;/) f (i) ]]r*Fvokwf}} r*Fvokwwiyg0ifonfh w&m;a'oemawmfwonfum; f Gf Ykd ES,E,&& w&m;a'oemawmfrsm; r[kw/ avmuD avmukw fS f f &m ESpjf zmaom tusKd ;pD;yGm;jzpfxe;apEdionfh w&m;xl;w&m; Gf kf jrwf jzpfygayonf/ vlewftaygif;wdkYonf rdrwkdY\ PfrsupoabmESihf d f d tBudrBf udrveavSmum ]r*Fvmw&m;[lonf tb,fuoaom f Sf hJ Ykd w&m;jzpfavoenf;}[k wq,fEpEpwkYd umvywfvkH; awG; h S f S f awmBuHqaeMuaomfvnf; rBuHqrawG;awmEdkiojzifh ai;rdif f I om aeMu&uke\/ f od&aeMupOf wckaomnOf trsKd ;trnf rxif&m; kY dS h S aom ewfom;wpfO;onf aZw0efausmif;awmfoYkd a&mufvm\/ D olonf a&S;OD;pGm ausmif;awmfwaqmifvkH;udk ol\udk,a&mif f ud,0gwdjYk zifh xGe;vif;awmufyapavonf/ xdaemuf olonf k f f Yk bk&m;jrwfpmtm; ]]vlEiewfwkYd ESp&nvrsm; BuHr&Edkiaom G S hf f S f f r*Fvmw&m;}}wdkYukd a[majymyg&ef avQmufxm;awmif;yef\/ ewfom;\yefMum;csut& bk&m;jrwfpmonf r*Fvokwukd f G f oef;acgif,mrftcgwGif a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 185

urmhtkypk wpkESihwpk? vlrsKd ; wrsKd ;ESihwrsKd ;? *dkP; f f f f w*dkP;ESiw*dkP;? ygwD wygwDEiwygwD? vl wOD;ESiwOD; f hf f S hf hf tcsi;csi; wif;rmrIjzpf&jcif;? y#dyujzpf&jcif;? ppfat;ppfyl f f qifE&jcif;? tEkjrLAH;vufeufwjYkd zifh wOD;tay:wOD; Ncdr;f acsmuf JG k aeMujcif;? wOD;\e,fajrudk wOD;u usL;ausmapmfum;jcif;? f aomif;use;rItaxGaxG jzpfay:jcif;? Ediia&;pD;yGm;a&;0g'a&; f kfH t& wOD;tay:wOD; zdEycsKycs,jf cif;? tmPmvkMujcif;? vlowf dS f f yGBJ uD;rsm; jzpfay:&jcif;? pum;twdq;jzifh a&;&aomf urmNh idr;f k kH csr;a&; ysujf ym;&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;udk qifjcifok;oyf&mazG f H S aomf urmolurmom;wdonf Ak'a*gwrocif &Siawmfjrwf kY f uk,wkif a[mMum;awmfrcaom ok;q,f&pjf zmaom r*Fvm d f d l hJ H h S w&m;wdEihf ajzmifajzmifBh uD; qefusium usio;aexdiMf uaom Yk S h Y f hf kH k aMumifhom jzpfayonf/ r*Fvmw&m;awmfwEihf uif;uGmjcif;[lonfum; avm kYd S ba'goarm[wnf;[laom w&m;npf w&m;qd;wdYk vTr;f rd;rI k k aMumifh ud,usiw&m; ysujf ym;um trSm;aemufoYkd aumuf k f hf aumufygatmif vdkujf cif;yifjzpfonf/ xdaMumifh pm&dwr@dKif kY ,divaeMuaom urmol urmom;wdtbdYk r*Fvokwa'oem kf J Yk f awmfonf tvGetusL; aus;Zl;*kPx;vSygbd\/ avmua&;jzifh f f l w0 "ra&;jzifwzHk pHvpmaom w&mwdukd bk&m;jrwfpmonf h k SG Yk G r*Fvokw vdk&if;udkxkwf tusO;csKyf a[mMum;awmfrcay f f l hJ onf/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 186

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ygVdpmayordki; f 193

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ygVdpmayordki; f 197

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M.A.

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a':tke; f

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M.A.

a':tke; f

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wd = odYk b*0wm = bk&m;jrwfpmonf G 0kwu = a[mawmfrconf l hJ usr;ygpmud,rsm;onf odaom0gusjzifh tpcsaom f k f Yk D aMumifh usr;apmifwapmifvHk;udk ]wd0kwu}[k ac:qdkav f onf/ wd0wuusr;udk atmufygtwdi; uefowfxm;onf/ k f kf Y u? {uedygwf/ c? 'kuedygwf/ *? wduedygwf/ C? pwkuedygwf/ ------ 0 ------

M.A.

a':tke; f

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M.A.

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a':tke; f

ygVdpmayordki; f 232

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u? c? *? C? i? p? q? Z? ps? n? #? X? !? ? P? w? x?

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a':tke; f

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orPtrsKd ;rsKd ;ESihf jAm[PtrsKd ;rsKd ;taMumif;wdukvnf; kY d okweygwrSyif od&&jyefonf/ okweygwwGif orPav;rsKd ; d dS d ESihf jAm[PoHk;rsKd ;udk aqG;aEG;wifjyxm;\/ ]]orPav;rsdK;}} 1? 2? 3? 4? r*Zde/ r*a'ou/ r*Zd0D/ r*'loD/ ]]jAm[PoHk;rsdK;}} 1? wdwd,/ 2? tmZD0u/ 3? ed*P/ jAm[Pwdkrm aA'usr;rsm;wGif yg&*lajrmufMu rD; Y S f ewfukd vkyauR;yoolrsm; jzpfonf/ xdorP jAm[PwdkY f k onf toD;oD; ouf0if,MkH unf&m0g'rsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f um tjiif; yGm;avh&MdS ujcif;aMumifh ]0g'oDv}[lvnf; orkwjf cif;cH&\/ ------ 0 ------

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a':tke; f

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ygVdpmayordki; f 273

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ygVdpmayordki; f 278

]]Zmwfawmfrsm;ta&;tom;}} 1/ pum;ayZmwfom;wGif '@m&DvuFmrsm;? ewforD; G yHjk yifpmyd'rsm;? pum;yHwrsm; tMum;tMum; nyxm; kf k kd f jcif;/ 2/ oDcsi;rsm; (u) pum;tacstwif toGm;rsKd ;/ (c) f vuFmjzifh pum;tacstwifjyKaom *gxmZmwfom;/ G 3/ pum;ajyjzifh ed'gef;ysKd ; vuFmjzifqufaom Zmwf h vrf;&SnfBuD;rsm;/ 4/ taMumif;t&mrsKd ;pHkESihf ywfoufaom pum;yHkrsm;/ 5/ ysKd Ursm;ESihf ysKd Utptersm;/ ]]Zmwfawmfrsm; yg0ifonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;}} 1/ avmuDa&;&mjzpfaom eDwEiywfoufaom '@m&D d S hf rsm;? &aoh&[ef;wdkEipyfvsO;aom usipOfusixkH; Y S hf f hf hf (Ak'bmomESihf [dEL) 2/ Oa&myewforD;yHkjyifrsm;uJhokdYaom wd&pmefyHkjyifrsm; ygonfh ewforD;yHkjyifrsm;(Ak'bmomESihf[EL)/ d 3/ yHkwkrsm; &,f&iz,f [mo0wKrsm; (Ak'bmomESihf d T f G rqdkif)/ 4/ 0wKrsm;? pGepm;cef;? tcspcef;rsm;ygaom 0wK&Snf Yf f rsm; (Zmwfvkurm bk&m;tavmif;jzpfonfrty d f S S
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ygVdpmayordki; f 279

taMumif;t&mrsm;onf Ak'bmom w&m;awmfrsm;ESihf vHk;0rywfoufacs)/ 5/ usifhxHk;rsm;/ 6/ pum;yHkrsm;/ 7/ bmomw&m;udk av;pm;udi;di;aom yHjk yifrsm; (tcsKd U kf If yHjk yifrsm;omvQif Ak'bmomudk tajcjyKxm;onf/ rsm; aomtm;jzifh [dELt,l0g'ESihf oufqkdi\) f Ak'bmom&[ef;rsm;onf Ak'bmomusi0wfusixkH; hf hf oabmw&m;rsm;udk oifMum;jyo&eftwGuf tvG,ulqHk;ESihf f txda&mufq; tiftm;pktjzpfjzifh 0wK yHjk yifywrsm;udk toH; kH kH kd k jyKMuavawmhonf/ Edkiaom f 1? 2? 3? 4? 5? Zmwfawmfrsm;udk emMum;zwfjI cif;tm;jzifh tbd;rjzwf k tusKd ;aus;Zl;rsm; &Edkiayonf/ f Oyrmjy&aomf... PAv zGHUNzdK;aponf ra[mo"Zmwf/ ZGJvHkYv wdk;wufaponf ZeuZmwf/ ol&owd jrifhwufaponf ZeuZmwf/ rdbaus;Zl;udk qyfaponf ok0PomrZmwf/ tvSL'ge &ufa&maponf ooy@dwZmwf/ od0dZmwf/ a0E&mZmwf

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ygVdpmayordki; f 280

rsm;pGmyif 1? 2? 3? 4?

pm&dwEihf ywfoufvnf; jyKjyif&ef taxmuftxm; S &avonf/ yHkpHwifjy&aomf... trdukdjypfrSm; i&Jvm;&aom rdw0EuZmwf/ d y&'g&uHukdusL;vGer t&SutaMumufuif;rJhonfh f d f tajctaetxd jzpf&aom od0rif;ESihOrm'EDZmwf/ d f olwyg;tm; aumufusppOf;vJrojzifh rdruk,wkif f d d d f d vSnhpm;jcif;cH&um toufqHk;HI;&onfh AsKd if;pOf;vJ f Zmwf/ rdwaumif;ESihf aygif;azmfrojzifh toufcsr;om&m f d f &aom qwmonfZmwfESihf ,keusD;vdyZmwf/ f f ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 281

(11) ]]r[meda'o}} (12) ]]plVeda'o}} eda'o-[lonf &Si;vif;zGihqkdcsursm;wnf;/ eda'o f f f tvdkt& yk'rsm;udk atmufygtwdki; 0dN*dK[fjyKonf/ f f ]]armae,s = apmifhpnf;rI}} 1? um,armae,s/ 2? 0pDarmae,s/ 3? raemarmae,s/ 1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6? ]]rked}} t*g&rked = olawmfpif0wfaMumif/ tem*g&rked = bduK = &[ef;/ aocrked = &[Emrjzpfao;aom t&d,m/ taocrked = &[Em/ yapurked = yapuAk'g/ rked rked = wxm*w = bk&m;jrwfpm/ G

]]umr}} 1? 0wKumr = lyo'*E&o ponfwkwnf;/ Yd 2? udavomumr = qE&m*oHuy ponfwwnf;/ Ykd

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ygVdpmayordki; f 282

]]odum}} 1? t"dovodum = ck'uoDvuE r[EovuE/ D D 2? t"dpwoum = psmefav;yg;/ d d 3? t"dynmodum = opmav;yg;/ ]]bduK}} oum,'d|d 0dpupm oDvAwy&mrmo &m* a'go d d arm[ ponfwkrS uif;vGwNf yD;aom bduK / Yd ]]a"me}} ynm/ ]]MoC}} umr b0 'd|d t0dZm/ ]]ukov = vdrmuRrf;usifol}} cE "mwk tm,we y#dporkyg'f owdy|me ory"me 'yg' `E, Av aAmZ*F r* zv d d edAme/ ]]*gruxm = tdrfpum;}} rif; cd;ol ppfom; ppfyJG ao&nfao&uf ,mOf aqGrsKd ; k rde;r ponfwEihf pyfvsO; twif;tzsi;ajymqdjk cif;/ f Ykd S f f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 283

]]avmu}} ed&,avmu wd&pmea,medavmu ayw0o, d d avmu rEkavmu a'0avmu cEavmu "mwk('o"mwk)avmu tm,weavmu t,Havmu ya&mavmu ojA[avmu oa'0avmu/ ]]{Zm}} wPSm/ ]]*Pmed}} um,*P = tbdZm Asmyg' oDvAwy&mrmo 'Hopmbdeda0o/ ]]ykAmo0}} ly a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmP/ ]]0d0# puK}} rHopuK 'dApuK ynmpuK Ak'puK orEpuK/ ]]y&d, = ab;}} ygu# = jcaoFh usm; paom om;&Jw&pmefab;/ d y#dpE = aum" a'go arm[ qE ponfab;/ h
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ygVdpmayordki; f 284

]]uPS}} erkpd = rm&fewf/ ]]pwma&m'gom}} taEmZmw'go = tdraygufuRef/ f "euw'go = aiG0,fuRe/ D f omrH0g'go 0do, Oaywd = tvdtavQmuf k uReco/ fH l tumraum0g'go 0do,H Oaywd = ab;aMumifh uRec&ol/ fH ]]pwma&m AEL}} wdAE0 = aoG;wl/ a*gwAE0 = tEG,w/ f l rEAE0 = ynmoif/ odyAE0 = twwfoif/ ]]e&}} cw, jA[P a0 ok' *[| yAZw a'0 d d rEk/

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ygVdpmayordki; f 285

]]emema&m*g}} puKa&m*? aomwa&m*? Cmea&m*? Zd0ga&m*? um, S a&m*? oDoa&m*? uPa&m*? rkca&m*? 'Ea&m*? umaoa&m* (acsmif;qd;)? omaomydemao a&m* k (acgif;cJ)? ukpa&m* (0rf;Adkuem)? rkpma&m*(rl;arh d f jcif;)? yuEuma&m*(aoG;0rf;)? olvma&m*(ab;xd; d k &ifMuyf)? 0dopuma&m*(0rf;a&m*g)? uk|a&m*(Elem)? ld *a@ma&m*(tzkaygufjcif;)? udvmoa&m* (Elem wrsKd ;)? aomoa&m*(acsmif;qd;aoG;yg)? tyrm&a&m* k (0uf;jyefjcif;)? ''Ka&m*(0Jem)? ecoma&m*(ukwjf cpf l rdaomtem)? avm[dwydwa&m* (aoG;onf;ajcem)? r"kara[ma&m*(qD;csKd )? tHoa&m*(tzl;)? yDvum a&m*(tylz;)? b*Evma&m* (acG;*&if*sem=b*EKd &)? l D f ydwork|me a&m*(onf;ajcrSjzpfaom tem)? aorS ork|me a&m*(ovdyrS jzpfaomtem)? 0gw ork|me f a&m* (avem)? oEygwduma&m* (ief;oEygwf)? d d Owky&dPmrZm tmAm" a&m*( Owkazmufjyefjcif;rS jzpfay:vmaom a&m*g)? 0dory&d[m&Zma&m*(tae txdif tpm;taomuf rSm;,Gi;f ojzifh jzpfaomtem)/ k

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ygVdpmayordki; f 286

]]0g'}} oawmavmaum toawmavmaum tE0gavmaum ......... teE0gavmaum wHZD0H .................... wHo&D&H tnHZD0H ................ tnHo&D&H ]]bmoma&;ESifhpyfqdkifaom ,HkMunfrItrsdK;rsdK;}} 1? [w0wu = qifukd udk;uG,yool/ d d f 2? t0wu = jrif;udk udk;uG,yool/ d f 3? a*gP0wu = EGm;udk udk;uG,yool/ d f 4? ukuK&0wu = acG;udk udk;uG,yool/ d f 5? umu0wu = us;udk udk;uG,yool/ d D f 6? 0goka'00wu = 0goka'0ewfrif;udk ud;uG,yo d k f ol/ 7? Ava'00wu = Ava'0ewfrif;udk udk;uG,yo d f ol/ 8? ykPb'0wu = ykPb'bv;udk ud;uG,yool/ d D l k f 9? t*0wu = rD;udk udk;uG,yool/ d d f 10? em*0wu = e*g;udk udk;uG,yool/ d f 11? rPdb'0wu = rPdb'bv;udk ud;uG,yool/ d D l k f 12? *EA0wu = *EAukd udk;uG,yool/ d f 13? r[m&mZ0wu = ewfrif;BuD;udk udk;uG,yool/ d f 14? pE0wu = vudk udk;uG,yool/ d f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 287

15? 16? 17? 18? 19?

ol&,0wu = aeudk udk;uG,yool/ d d f E0wu = odMum;rif;udk udk;uG,yool/ d f jA[0wu = jA[mudk udk;uG,yool/ d f a'00wu = ewfukd udk;uG,yool/ d f 'dom0wu = t&yfav;rsuEmudk udk;uG,yool/ d f S f ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 288

(13) ]]y#dord'gr*}} ]]cGJjcm;pdwfjzm&mvrf;aMumif;}} y#dor'gr*wif jrwfpmAk'\ ta&;BuD;aom tcsKd Uw&m; d G G a'oemawmfrsm;udk azmfjy (1) r[m0* (2) ,k*eE0* (3) ynm0*[ oHk;u@ uefxm;\/ l Y (1) r[m0*/ / 0*fum; PfESifhpyfqdkifonf/ tedpw&m;taMumif;? y#dporkyg' w&m;taMumif;? umrly tly ty&d,myE paom avmuav;rsKd ;taMumif;? a&rD;tpHk jym#d[mtaMumif;? oAnKwa&TPfawmftaMumif;? oawm avmaum? toawmavmaum paom rdp'd|dtaMumif;? o'g 0D&, owd orm"d ynm paom `E,ig;yg;taMumif;? d d oknawm tedrawm tyP[awm paom 0darmuok;rsKd ;t d d d H aMumif;? uHur0ygutaMumif;? aomwmyef ou'g*grf tem d *grfEihf &[EmtaMumif;rsm;udk 0*fwif pHvifpmaz:jyxm;\/ S G k G (2) ,k*eE0*/ /opmav;yg;? owd "r0p, 0D&, d d yDwd y'd orm"d Oayum paom aAmZicepfyg;? owdy|me fk av;yg;? ory"mefav;yg;? 'av;yg;? o'g 0D&, owd f d d orm"d ynm paom a`Eig;yg;? r*i&pyg;wdukd 0*fwif f S f Yk G &Sif;vif;xm;onf/

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ygVdpmayordki; f 289

(3) ynm0*/ / p&d,m&Spyg;? &d,ykxav;yg;? tm f f ,weajcmufyg;? owdy|mefav;yg;? opmav;yg;ESihf qdiaom kf Pf? opmav;yg;ESi,Oaomvrf;(r*f)? ywp&d, (&[ef;b0 hf S f d \ tusKd ;w&m;)? avmuw (avmuaumif;&m aumif;usKd ;) wefc;dk jym#d[m tma'oem tEkomoeDpaom TeMf um;csursm;udk f 0*fwGif &Si;jyxm;onf/ f ------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 290

(14) ]]ty'ge - tyg'gef}} ou# ]t0'ge} onf ygVd ]ty'ge} jzpfonf/ teuf um; jzLpifaom tjyKtrl? rGejf rwfaom tjyKtrl? bmomw&m;udk dkaoudki;dIi;um udk,usKd ;pGeYvTwjf cif;wnf;[laom rGejf rwf f f f f onftjyKtrl [l csUJ xiaumuf,Ml uonf/ bmomw&m;udk h G f udi;di;onfq&m yGiawmfrNl yD;aom bk&m;jrwfpmwdukd ylaZmf kf If kd hf G Yk yojcif; 'ge0wK vSLzG,wckckukd uyfvSLjcif;rsm;jzpfonf/ f ty'gefwGif yPd"mef(0g) qkyefjcif;tavYtx wdk;wufvm onf/ Zmwfawmfrsm;uJhokdYyif tyg'gefwif ypKye0wKrsm;ESihf G f twdw0wKrsm; yg&SMd uonf/ Zmwfawmfrsm;um; bk&m;jrwfpm\ f G ]jzpfpOfrsm;}wnf;/ ty'gefrmrl Ak'gy'ge yapuAk'gy'geESihf S ax&-ax&D ty'ge[l trsKd ;rsKd ;jym;vsuf &Sonf/ bk&m;jrwf d pGm\ t|Kywomruao; yapuAk'gESihf om0ursm;\ tjcif; d t&mrsm;udyg az:xkwxm;ayonf/ tyg'gef yapu Ak'gudk k f &Hzef&cg ]BuHU}ESihf Edi;cdki;xm;onfukd awGU&\/ H I f f ax&ty'gefwif tyg'gefaygif;(10)ckpD &Sonf/ u@ G d aygif; (55)u@yg0if ax&Dty'gefum; tyg'gef(10)ckpD &Saom u@aygif; oHk;av;ck&\/ d dS

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ygVdpmayordki; f 291

ax&-ax&Drsm;teuf arm*vme tEk' Oygvd tmeEm k r[myZmywda*gwrD acrm udoma*gwrDEihf y#mpm&Dwonf S kYd &mZ0ifvm ausmMf um;aom ax&-ax&DBuD;rsm; jzpfMuonf/ ty'gefvm 0wKrsm;um;ylaZmfjcif;? &Sck;aumfa&mfjyKjcif;? d d ay;urf;vSL'gef;jcif; paom bmoma&;t& "avhxk;wrf;wdukd H kY t"dujyKum a&;om;pD&ifxm;onfudk awGU&\/ ,yfvSLol? t0wfpGeYol? o&ufoD;urf;vSr;ol? a&vSLol? ajc&mylaZmfol f f ponfjzifh ylaZmfenf;trsKd ;rsKd ;udk ty'gefwif avhvmEdiayonf/ G kf ------ 0 ------

pma&;ul;,lol\ wdkuwGe;csuf f f ]]tyg'ge}} ]]Ak'0o}] ]]p&d,myd#u}}wdkEiYf ywfouf H Y S bk&m;oQifu ]]tAsmuxe0wK}}a[mxm;onfESiYf n,lzkdY wdkuf d wGe;yg\/ f
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ygVdpmayordki; f 292

(15) ]]Ak'0Ho = Ak'0if}} Ak'0ousr;(0g)Ak'0ifum; a*gwrAk'rwdirD yGiawmfrl H f kf hf oGm;Muukeaom (24)qlaom bk&m;jrwfpmwd\ Ak'0ifEihf urm f G Yk S BuD;(12)ck\ taMumif;wdukd a&;om;xm;aomusr;f jzpf u@ Yk tm;jzifh (15)u@ &Savonf/ d yXru@rSm ed'gef;jzpf useu@rsm;um; wu@vQif f bk&m;jrwfpmwql\ Ak'0ifukd azmfjyxm;onf/ &nf&,csu G G f f um; u@tm;vH; twlwcsn;yifjzpf\/ Ak'ordi;wGif Ak'\ k l f kf jzpfpOfrsm;rSm wqlEiwql rajymyavmufkHom uGvaMumif; S hf J JG Ak'a*gwr udk,awmfwkdif a[mMum;rdeY>f rufawmfrlcJh\/ f Ak'a*gwronf uydv0wfjynf edaj*m"mHausmif;wdu k k f oDwif;oHk;awmfrpOf twdwukaqmif udk,awmfonf vGechJ l f d f f aom b0rsm;wGif vl e*g; bDv; paom tjzpftrsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh l xif&m;cJ&yHk 'DyuF&mbk&m;jrwfpmxH rnfoqyefc&yH?k xdpOfu S h G Ykd k hJ k 'DyuF&mbk&m;jrwfpGmu rnfuJhodkYAsm'dwfay;cJhyHk? Asm'dwfay; onftwdi; ud,awmfwivnf; rnfooE|mefcsyrsm;udk pHvif h kf k f kd f Ykd d kH k pGma[mMum; awmfrc\/ l hJ Ak'0ifukd ed'geac: tydki;oHk;ydki;jzifh atmufygtwdki; f f f uefYowfxm;onf/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 293

(1) 'la&ed'ge/ / ed'gewGif Ak'a*gwrtavmif;onf 'DyuF&mbk&m;jrwfpm xHyg; bk&m;jrwfpmjzpf&ef Asm'dwyef; G G f cH,onfrp a0E&mrif;BuD;tjzpfrS ewf&mvm;um wkowm l S G d ewfjynf0,f pHaysmonfhwkdif azmfjyxm;\/ f (2) t0d'la&ed'ge/ /wkowmewfjynfrS pkawpdwf d usonfrp jrwfpmAk'tjzpfokYd a&mufonfwkif ed'gewGif S G d azmfjyxm;onf/ (3) oEdaued'ge/ / ed'gewGif Ak'a*gwrjzpf onfrSp y&deAmefpHvGeonfwkdif azmfjyxm;onf/ d f Ak'0ifwGif aemiftem*wfumv yGihawmfrlvwHUaom f ]araw,s}bk&m;jrwfpm\ Ak'0ifukdvnf; azmfjyxm;onfhjyif G Ak'a*gwr y&deAmefpveawmfrNl yD;aemuf Ak'a*gwr\ "mwfawmf d H Gf arGawmfwukd cG,ykukvnf; tusO;tm;jzifh a&;om;xm;onf/ kYd J l H d f ae&m a&S;usaomusr;f rsm;wGif a*gwrAk' rwdirD kf yGiawmfrom;Muonfh ajcmufqaom bk&m;jrwfpmwd\ Ak'0if hf l G l G kY udkomvQif azmfjyxm;aMumif; owdcsy&ayrnf/ Ak'0ifusr; f f rlum; (24)qlvkH;aom bk&m;jrwfpmwdk\ Ak'0ifukd pHkvifpm G Y G azmfjyxm;onf/ Ak'0ifusrf;onf acwftwefaESmif;rS ay: ayguf&um; r[m,me*dkP;ESihf ydkeD;pyf\/ f ------ 0 -----M.A.

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ygVdpmayordki; f 294

(16) ]]p&d,myd#u}} p&d,yd#uusrf;um; a&S;ra&rwGufEdkifaom b0t qufqufwk bk&m;tavmif;awmf usiawmfrconfh usipOf Yd hf l hJ hf p&d,mrsm;udk xif&m;ap&ef *gxmrsm;yg0ifaom Zmwfawmfaygif; S (35)ckjzifh azmfxkwxm;onfhusr; jzpfonf/ f f p&d,mqdkonfum; Ak'a*gwr qnf;yl;awmfrtyfaom l ]yg&rD}(yg&rdwm)wdyifwnf;/ yg&rDwukd tpGr;ukeBf udK;pm; kY kYd f qnf;yl;cJjh cif;aMumifh a*gwr bk&m;avmif;onf bk&m;jrwfpm G tjzpfokdY a&mufawmfrl&avonf/ p&d,myd#u0if0wKrsm;udk Zmwfawmfrsm;vnf; awGU&& dS apumrl xl;jcm;csuum; p&d,myd#uwGif yg&rDq,fyg;udk f yH0wKrsm; tultnDjzifh xif&m;pGmokyazmfxm;onf/ 0wKrsm; k S f udk bk&m;jrwfpmudk,awmfwkif a[mMum;awmfrc wcgw&H G f d l hJ 0wKwckvHk;\ qdkvkd&if;oabmudk tusO;rQ azmfjyxm;aom f 0wK\wpdwwa'orS axmufI ,l&avonf/ f p&d,myd#uusrf;udk jyKpk&onfht"du&nf&G,f&if;rSm yg&rDq,fyg;udk oGeoifeMf um;&eftwGuf jzpf&m yH0wKrsm;rSm f T k vnf; yg&rDuom tom;ay;xm;avonf/ 0ge&dE Zmwfawmf kd um; bk&m;jrwfpmonf arsmufrif;b0u opmyg&rDukd rnfuoYkd G hJ
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ygVdpmayordki; f 295

apmifxe;f cJytaMumif;udk tom;ay;um azmfjyxm;\/ a0E h d h kH &m ZmwfawmfrSmrl 'geyg&rDukd bk&m;tavmif;onf rnfrQ avmuf jznfpr;cJaMumif; okyxifap\/ edrrif;Zmwf? od0d h G f h f d Zmwf? awrd,Zmwfawmfwkrmvnf; bk&m;avmif;onf yg&rD Yd S toD;oD;udk rnfoYkd apmifa&SmufcaMumif; azmfjyaom Zmwfawmf h hJ rsm; jzpf\/ ]]a&SUyki;f yd#uawmfwif yg&rDEiywfoufaom oabmw&m; d G S hf rsm; rawGU&aMumif;udk ae&m owdcsyoifhayonf/}} f taemufwkdi;om; ynm&Sirsm;u odkYqkdMujyefao; f f \/ ]]yg&rDEipyfvsO;f onfh t,l0g'rsm;rSmAk'bmom xGe;f um; S hf
NyD;aemuf acwftwefaESmif;rS ay:aygufvmjcif;jzpfonf/ p&d,m yd#uusr;rSm pifppf yg&rDoufoufukom t"duxm; Tejf yaom f d usr;jzpfvifpum; if;\rlvtaetxm;twdki; jynf0pGmawGU&&jcif; f h f h dS [kwcsirS [kwayrnf}} f f f

------ 0 ------

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ygVdpmayordki; f 296

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ygVdpmayordki; f 311

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ygVdpmayordki; f 313

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ygVdpmayordki; f 314

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ygVdpmayordki; f 317

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ygVdpmayordki; f 318

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ygVdpmayordki; f 319

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ygVdpmayordki; f 320

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ygVdpmayordki; f 321

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ygVdpmayordki; f 322

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ygVdpmayordki; f 323

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jrefrmEdkiiawmf? &efukeNf rdKUEihf ig;rdkicefuma0;aom urmat; f H S f Y G apwDawmfwnf&m oD&r*Fvmuke;ajrjyiftwGi;&Sd ]]q|oH*wd d f f D r[mygomP*k[m}}rnfaom vdP*Bl uD;twGi; jynfaxmifpk k f f jrefrmEdiiawmf orwBuD; a'gufwmOD;bOD;udk 'g,umjyKum kfH q|oH*g,em(puLxuf tu&m)udk pwif wifawmfrMl u onf/ q|oH*g,em r[m"ryobifBuD;udk oEygwtm;jzifh JG d ig;&yfcjJG cm; qif,ifusi;f y&m xdoEygwrsm;odYk oH*wum&u k d D d tjzpfjzifif;? tm*EKu {nfonfawmftjzpfjzifif; atmufazmfjy h h h yg wdki;EdkiiHrsm;rS wufa&mufMuavonf/ f f 1? 2? 3? 4? 5? 6? 7? 8? 9? 10? 11? ]]ax&0g'EdkifiH}} jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ,dk;',m;EdkifiH oD[dkVfEdkifiH uarm'D;,m;EdkifiH avmEdkifiH Ed,EdkifiH ygupwefEdkifiH tif'dkae&Sm;EdkifiH edaygvfEdkifiH t0uRef; uyvDuRef;/
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ygVdpmayordki; f 325

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ygVdpmayordki; f 330

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ygVdpmayordki; f 332

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