ekaterine korZaZe

maTematikuri wigniereba
maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

ekaterine korZaZe

maTematikuri wigniereba
maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

Tbilisi 2012

proeqti ,,axali SesaZleblobebi saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebs dafinansebulia evrokavSirisa da Ria sazogadoebis institutis mier da xorcieldeba samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutis, asociacia zekarisa da marneulis axalgazrduli centris mier. publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi SeiZleba ar gamoxatavdes evrokavSirisa da Ria sazogadoebis institutis mosazrebebs. Project New Opportunities for Educationally Deprived Children was made possible by the support of European Union and Open Society Institute. Project is implementing by the Civic development Institute, Association Zekari and Marneuli Youth Center. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of European Union and Open Society Institute avtori: ekaterine korZaZe recenzenti: simon janaSia dizainer-damkabadonebeli: ekaterine wiqariSvili sakonsultacio sabWo anTaZe ia boWoriSvili manana gorgoZe sofio mosiaSvili Tamar wignis SeqmnaSi gansakuTebuli wvlili Seitanes samoqalaqo ganviTrebis institutis TanamSromlebma, ganaTlebis eqspertebma, romlebmac SeimuSaves ganaTlebis meore Sansis qarTuli modeli. ideis warmatebiT ganxorcielebis procesSi aqtiuradmonawileobdnen: baqraZe maia TofaZe qeTevan kobalaZe qeTevan korZaZe ekaterine papava paata samsonia irina Wanturia Tamar daibeWda gamomcemloba mwignobari Tbilisi, 2012 samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti,2012

ISBN 978-9941-0-5034-3

sarCevi Sesavali...............................................................................................5 1. maTematikuri wignierebis standarti.............................7 2. problemaze orientirebuli swavleba..........................16 3. kiTxvis strategiebis gamoyeneba.....................................22 3. Sefaseba maTematikur wignierebaSi................................27 5. gakveTilis gegmis nimuSebi.................................................29 6. gamoyenebuli literatura.................................................54

maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

Sesavali
Tanamedrove epoqaSi maTematika Cveni cxovrebis ganuyreli nawilia. igi gamoiyeneba adamianis saqmianobis yvela sferoSi: mecnierebasa da teqnologiebSi, medicinaSi, ekonomikaSi, garemos dacvasa da socialur gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi. Znelia moiZebnos adamianis saqmianobis sfero, romelic gajerebuli ar aris maTematikuri obieqtebiT. sabazo maTematikuri ganaTlebis gareSe Znelia sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad igrZno Tavi. Sesabamisad, maTematikuri wigniereba SesaZlebelia ganxilul iqnas, rogorc sazogadoebis ganviTarebis winapiroba. ganaTlebis sistemis umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa moswavleTa aRWurva im codniTa da unar-CvevebiT, rac gauadvilebs maT cxovrebiseuli problemebis gadaWras, miexmareba momavlis ukeT dagegmvaSi, gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, gaazrebuli cxovrebiseuli arCevanis gakeTebaSi. mniSvnelovania swori aqcentebis dasma maTematikis farTo gamoyenebaze moswavleTa yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. saswavlo masalis Sinaarsic da swavlebis meTodologiac orientirebuli unda iyos maTematikurad wignieri Taobis aRzrdaze, imis miuxedavad, saqmianobis romel sferos airCeven moswavleebi samomavlod. maTematikuri wigniereba gulisxmobs elementaruli maTematikuri cnebebisa da procedurebis flobas, maTi gamoyenebis unars realuri, yoveldRiuri problemebis gadaWrisas; komunikaciis im saSualebebis moxmarebis unars, romlebic saWiroa informaciis misaRebad da gadasacemad maTematikuri enis gamoyenebiT ; agreTve, maTematikis adgilisa da mniSvnelobis codnas sxva disciplinebSi, biznesSi, xelovnebasa da adamianis moRvaweobis sxvadasxva sferoebSi. amgvarad, maTematikuri ganaTlebis ZiriTadi miznebi da amocanebia: moswavleebisaTvis azrovnebis unaris ganviTareba; msjelobis, SexedulebaTa dasabuTebis, movlenebisa da faqtebis analizis unaris ganviTareba;

maTematikuri wigniereba

maTematikis, rogorc samyaros aRwerisa da mecnierebis universaluri enis gacnobiereba; swavlis Semdgomi etapisaTvis an profesiuli saqmianobisaTvis momzadeba; cxovrebiseuli amocanebis gadasawyvetad saWiro codnis gadacema da am codnis gamoyenebis unaris ganviTareba. maTematikuri wignierebis kursi xels uwyobs Semdegi zogadi unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas: komunikacia informaciis gadmocemisas sakiTxis arsis warmoCena; informaciis gadmocemisas maTematikuri terminebsa da aRniSvnebis sworad da efeqtianad gamoyeneba. msjeloba-dasabuTeba varaudis gamoTqma da kerZo SemTxvevebSi misi kvleva; arsebiTi Tvisebebisa da monacemebis gansazRvra; gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis aRniSvna da maTi ganzogadebis aramarTebulobis dasabuTeba. problemebis gadaWra amocanis Sinaarsis aRqma da problemis formulireba; amocanis monacemebisa da saZiebeli sidideebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna; monacemebis organizeba da warmodgena. kompleqsuri problemis safexurebad, martiv amocanebad dayofa da etapobrivad gadaWra. miRebuli Sedegebis ganzogadeba.

maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

1. mTematikuri wignierebis standarti

1.1. maTematikuri wignierebis standartis struqtura: standarti Sedgeba oTxi mimarTulebisagan. esenia: 1. ricxvebi da moqmedebebi: ricxvebi, maTi gamoyeneba da ricxvis warmodgenis saSualebebi; moqmedebebi ricxvebze da ricxviTi Tanafardobebi; raodenobaTa Sefaseba da miaxloeba; sidideebi, zomis erTeulebi. 2. kanonzomierebebi da algebra: simravleebi, asaxvebi, funqciebi da maTi gamoyeneba. 3. geometria da sivrcis aRqma: geometriuli obieqtebi: maTi Tvisebebi, urTierTmimarTeba da konstruireba; zoma da gazomvis saSualebebi; orientireba sivrceSi, koordinatebi da maTi gamoyeneba. 4. monacemTa analizi, albaToba da statistika: monacemTa wyaroebi da monacemTa mopovebis saSualebebi; monacemTa mowesrigebis xerxebi da monacemTa warmodgenis saSualebebi; monacemTa Semajamebeli ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi. es mimarTulebebi mWidro urTierTkavSirSia da warmoaCens Sesaswavli masalis mTel speqtrs. TiToeuli mimarTulebisaTvis Camoyalibebulia misaRwevi Sedegebi TandarTuli indikatorebiT. indikatorebSi aRwerilia, Tu ra aqtivobebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSia Sedegis miRweva TvalsaCino.

maTematikuri wigniereba

1.2.kursis dasrulebisas misaRwevi Sedegebi mimarTulebebis mixedviT:

ricxvebi da moqmedebebi kanonzomierebebi da algebra 1) moswav les SeuZlia yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan an bunebismetyvelebis dargebidan momdinare amocanebis amoxsna. 2) moswav les SeuZlia simravluri cnebebisa da operaciebis gamoyeneba martivi amocanebis amoxsnisas. geometria da sivrcis aRqma monacemTa analizi, albaToba da statistika 1) moswavles aqvs elementaruli warmodgenebi informaciis mopovebis saSualebebis Sesaxeb. 2) moswavle flobs informaciis mowesrigebisa da warmodgenis xerxebs (saSualebebs) 3) moswav les SeuZlia Tvisebriv da raodenobriv monacemTa interpretacia da elementaruli analizi.

1) moswavle flobs da iyenebs ricxvis cnebas da ricxvis warmodgenis saSualebebs. 2) moswavles SeuZlia ricxvebis Sedareba da klasificireba. 3) moswavles SeuZlia ZiriTadi ariTmetikuli operaciebis Sesruleba ricxvebze. 4) moswavles SeuZlia ricxvebis damrgvaleba, moqmedebis Sedegis miaxloebiT Sefaseba. 5) moswavles SeuZlia zomis sxvadasxva erTeulebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba.

1) moswavles SeuZlia figurebis identifikacia, klasificireba, gamosaxva. 2) moswav les SeuZlia saganTa da figuraTa zomebisa da obieqtTa Soris manZilebis povna. 3) moswav les SeuZlia orientireba sibrtyeze

maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

ricxvebi da moqmedebebi 1. moswavle flobs da iyenebs ricxvis cnebas da ricxvis warmodgenis saSualebebs Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: ganasxvavebs ricxvis gamoyenebis sxvadasxva aspeqts (raodenobis aRniSvna, rigiTi nomeri, Wde); kiTxulobs da gamosaxavs ricxvebs (wiladebis SemTxvevaSi, uTiTebs maT CanawerSi wiladis mricxvels da mniSvnels, mTel da wilad nawilebs); axdens aTobiTi poziciuri sistemis demonstrirebas sxvadasxva modelis gamoyenebiT; ganmartavs ricxvebis saxeldebas mSobliur enaze; asaxelebs ricxvis CanawerSi sxvadasxva Tanrigis cifrebis Sesabamis mniSvnelobebs, warmoadgens ricxvs saTanrigo Sesakrebebis an sxva saxiT; ekvivalenturi formiT wers Sereul ricxvebs, aTwiladebsa da wiladebs. 2. moswavles SeuZlia ricxvebis Sedareba da klasificireba Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: iyenebs poziciur sistemas naturaluri ricxvebis Sedarebisas; zrdiT an klebiT alagebs ricxvebs; sworad iyenebs terminebs - metia, naklebia, ar aRemateba, da Sesabamis aRniSvnebs Sedarebis Sedegis gamosaxatavad; ganasxvavebs naturalur da racionalur ricxvebs (luw da kent ricxvebs da sxva). 3. moswavles SeuZlia ZiriTadi ariTmetikuli operaciebis Sesruleba ricxvebze Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: flobs zepirad Sekrebisa da gamoklebis strategiebs (Sesabamisi saTanrigo erTeulebis Sekreba/gamokleba, Tanrigamde Sevsebis xerxi, ...);

maTematikuri wigniereba

moqmedebaTa Sesrulebisas iyenebs weriT algoriTms; angariSisas da martivi ricxviTi gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobis povnisas iyenebs moqmedebaTa Tanmimdevrobas da moqmedebaTa Tvisebebs. 4. moswavles SeuZlia ricxvebis damrgvaleba, moqmedebis Sedegis miaxloebiT Sefaseba Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: asaxelebs mocemuli ricxvis uaxloes aTeuls, aseuls an aTaseuls; mocemuli sizustiT amrgvalebs ricxvebs (maT Soris, wiladebsa da aTwiladebs); afasebs ariTmetikuli moqmedebebis Sedegs; amocanis konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT irCevs, ra ufro mizanSewonilia - moqmedebaTa Sedegis Sefaseba, Sedegis miaxloebiTi Tu zusti mniSvnelobis povna. 5. moswavles SeuZlia zomis sxvadasxva erTeulebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: irCevs da iyenebs Sesaferis erTeulebs sididis cvlilebis, moZraobis siCqaris, masStabisa da rukaze manZilis povnasTan dakavSirebuli amocanebis amoxsnisas (igulisxmeba adekvaturi erTeulis SerCeva); erTmaneTTan akavSirebs sigrZis, farTobis, moculobis, drois Sesabamis erTeulebs. kanonzomierebebi da algebra 1. moswavles SeuZlia yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan an bunebismetyvelebis dargebidan momdinare amocanebis amoxsna. Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: martiv amocanaSi erTmaneTisagan mijnavs monacemebsa da saZiebel sidideebs; msjelobs, sakmarisia Tu ara monaceme-

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bi amocanis amosaxsnelad. amoicnobs da aanalizebs sidideebs Soris pirdapirproporciul damokidebulebas; iyenebs mas yidva-gayidvaze, masStabze, xsnarebze, Senadnobebze amocanebis amoxsnisas. poulobs ricxvis wilad nawils an procents da piriqiT, poulobs ricxvs misi wiladi nawilis (procentis) mixedviT. adgens da xsnis realuri viTarebis an misi sityvieri aRweris Sesabamis tolobas, utolobas an gantolebas. 2. moswavles SeuZlia simravluri cnebebisa da operaciebis gamoyeneba martivi amocanebis amoxsnisas Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: sworad iynebs terminebs yvela, yoveli, TiToeuli, zogierTi, erTi-erTi, arc erTi, erTaderTi. iyenebs zogadi-kerZo tipis mimarTebebebs gamonaTqvamis marTebulobis dasasabuTeblad (argumentirebisas). SeuZlia marSrutis, gegmis (sqemis) etapebis an obieqtTa Soris mimarTebebis gamomsaxavi martivi diagramebis wakiTxva da ageba.

geometria da sivrcis aRqma 1. moswavles SeuZlia figurebis identifikacia, klasificireba, gamosaxva. Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: yofiTi daniSnulebis sagnebSi an maT ilustraciebSi uTiTebs geometriul figurebs. adarebs da ajgufebs figurebs geometriuli atributebis mixedviT. garemomcvel obieqtebs Soris moiZiebs simetriul obieqtebs; ganasxvavebs simetriul da asimetriul figurebs. saTanado SemTxvevaSi axdens figuraTa simetriulobis demonstirebas.

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qmnis brtyeli da sivrculi figurebis grafikul gamosaxulebebs da modelebs (maT Soris, maTi sityvieri aRwerilobis safuZvelzec). 2. moswavles SeuZlia saganTa da figuraTa zomebisa da obieqtTa Soris manZilebis povna. Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: axdens or obieqts Soris manZilis Sefasebas Sesabamis standartul erTeulSi, zomavs mas da amowmebs Tavis varauds; dasmuli amocanis Sesabamisad sworad irCevs figuris zomis saxes (mag., Tu Robis sigrZea gamosaTvleli - es igive perimetria, Tu iatakia SesaRebi - maSin farTobis codnaa saWiro). iyenebs figuraTa Tvisebebs da toli figurebis Sesabamisi elementebis Sedarebis meTods figuris elementis ucnobi zomis mosaZebnad. (iTvlis mravalkuTxedis perimetrs, marTkuTxovani figuris farTobs, marTkuTxa paralelepipedis moculobas) 3. moswavles SeuZlia orientireba sibrtyeze. Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: orientirebs garemoSi da aRwers obieqtTa urTierTganlagebas. aRwers obieqtis mdebareobas meore obieqtis mimarT Sesabamisi terminebis gamoyenebiT (mag. marjvniv, marcxniv, zemoT, qvemoT). gascems da Tavadac asrulebs moZraobis orientaciis Semcvel miTiTebebs. aRwers rukaze ori an meti punqtis urTierTmdebareobas oTxi mimarTulebis gamoyenebiT (mag. CrdiloeTiT, dasav leTiT). koordinatebis (simboloTa wyvilis) gamoyenebiT aRwers mdebareobas da iyenebs am xerxs realur viTarebaSi (mag. kinoTeatri, gemebis CaZirobana, Wadrakis dafa, ru k aze obie qtis moZebna).

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orientirebs rukaze an sakoordinato sibrtyeze koordinatebis gamoyenebiT (mag. asaxelebs mocemuli wertilis koordinatebis miaxloebiT an zust mniSvnelobas; poulobs wertils mocemuli mTelricxovani koordinatebis mixedviT). monacemTa analizi, albaToba da statistika 1. moswavles aqvs elementaruli warmodgenebi informaciis mopovebis saSualebebis Sesaxeb. Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: ganasxvavebs Tvisebriv da raodenobriv monacemebs, iyenebs monacemTa Segrovebis Sesaferis saSualebas (gazomva, dakvirveba). qmnis martiv kiTxvars, gansazRvravs respodentebs, agrovebs monacemebs. amokrebs saWiro monacemebs mowesrigebuli monacemebis Sesaferisi kategoriebidan (cxrili, monacemebis Semcveli teqsti). 2. moswavle flobs informaciis mowesrigebisa da warmodgenis xerxebs (saSualebebs). Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: sworad avsebs cxrils, sqemas, kiTxvars/anketas (magaliTad, Seaqvs monacemebi mza cxrilis Sesabamis ujrebSi). qmnis cxrils monacemis warmosadgenad (gansazRvravs Wdeebs, saTaurs, svetebisa da striqonebis raodenobas). agebs diagramas (svetovani, xazovani, SeiZleba wriulic). SeuZlia grafikulad warmodgenili informaciis wakiTxva. ajgufebs monacemebs aranakleb ori niSniT da xsnis dajgufebis wess.

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3. moswavles SeuZlia Tvisebriv da raodenobriv monacemTa interpretacia da elementaruli analizi. Sedegi TvalsaCinoa, Tu: iTvlis Semajamebel ricxviT maxasiaTeblebs (monacemTa saSualo, udidesi da umciresi mniSvnelobebi) diskretuli raodenobrivi monacemebisTvis da iyenebs maT monacemTa erTobliobis dasaxasiaTeblad; adarebs monacemTa ramdenime erTobliobas maTi winaswar mocemuli statistikuri maxasiaTeblebis saSualebiT; poulobs monacemTa erTobliobaSi arsebul kanonzomierebebs da msjelobs maTze. 1.3 maTematikuri wignierebis kursis Sinaarsi ricxvebi da moqmedebebi; kanonzomierebebi da algebra 1. ricxvis cneba. istoriuli cnobebi. ricxvebis gamoyeneba (Wde, rigi, ...) 2. naturaluri ricxvebi. aTobiTi poziciuri sistema. sxva ricxviTi sistemebis gacnoba (mag. anbani da asoebis ricxviTi Sesatyvisebi; egvipturi aTis xarisxebis gansxvavebuli aRniSvnebi an romauli sistema). 3. ariTmetikuli moqmedebebi naturalur ricxvebze. ricxvebis Sedareba da ariTmetikuli moqmedebebis Sedegis Sefaseba. ariTmetikuli moqmedebebis Tvisebebi: Sekrebisa da gamravlebis komutaciuroba (gadanacvlebadoba), asociaciuroba (jufTebadoba) da Sekrebis mimarT gamravlebis distribuciuloba (ganrigebadoba). 4. wiladebi, aTwiladebi da zogierTi kavSiri maT Soris. wiladebis, aTwiladebis Sedareba, dalageba da gamosaxva. 5. procentis cneba. kavSirebi erTi da imave mTelis procentsa da nawils Soris. 6. proporcia. proporciis ucnobi elementis moZebna. ricxvis proporciul nawilebad dayofa (mag. 2 : 3 : 5). 7. teqsturi amocanebi, romlebic Sekrebis, gamoklebisa da gamravlebis Semcveli ricxviTi an erTi asoiTi aRniSvnis Semcveli algebruli gamosaxulebiT ixsneba. 8. fasdakleba/fasis gazrda: TanmimdevrobiTi da erTjeradi

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fasdaklebebis/fasebis zrdis erTmaneTTan Sedareba da martivi xarjTaRricxva. 9. simravleTa Teoriis umartivesi cnebebi da operaciebi. 10. zomis erTeulebi, zomis erTeulebs Soris kavSirebi da zomis erTeulebis gamoyeneba: masStabi; erTi sistemis erTeulis sxva sistemis Sesabamisi erTeuliT gamosaxva. geometria da sivrcis aRqma 11. geometriuli figurebi (brtyeli, sivrculi). figuris elementebi da gamosaxva. 12. figuraTa klasifikacia sxvadasxva niSniT (mag. simetriuli da arasimetriuli, brtyeli da sivrculi). 13. figuris zomebi: sazomi xelsawyoebi da sigrZis sazomi erTeulebi. mravalkuTxedis perimetri. farTobis cneba. marTkuTxa paralelepipedis moculoba. 14. sivrculi figurebis modelebi, Slilebi. 15. koordinatebi (araformalurad, rogorc adgilmdebareobis miTiTeba simboloTa wyviliT). realur viTarebaSi obieqtTa urTierTganlagebis aRmweri sqemebi. monacemTa analizi, albaToba da statistika 16. zogadi warmodgenebi Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebis saWiroebaze (daniSnulebaze) Segrovebis saSualebani: gazomva, dakvirveba, gamokiTxva; monacemTa amokreba monacemTa umartivesi wyaroebidan (mag. cnobaridan). 17. Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebis organizacia: monacemTa dajgufeba; raodenobriv monacemTa dalageba zrdadoba-klebadobiT; Tvisebriv monacemTa dalageba (mag., leqsikografiuli meTodiT). 18. monacemTa warmodgenis saSualebani: cxrili, piqtograma; diagrama. 19. monacemTa Semajamebeli ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi monacemebisTvis: centraluri tendenciis sazomi monacemTa saSualo; udidesi da umciresi mniSvnelobebi.

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2. problemaze orientirebuli swavleba

2.1 Sesavali ganaTlebis specialistebis mTavari sazrunavia, rom moswavleebma SeZlon skolaSi SeZenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis cxovrebiseuli problemebis gadasaWrelad gamoyeneba. swored amitomaa metad mniSvnelovani, rom skolam, sagnobriv codnasTan da unar-CvevebTan erTad, moswavleebs ganuviTaros problemebis gadaWris unari. es unari moswavles ara mxolod yoveldRiuri cxovrebiseuli sirTuleebis mogvarebaSi gamoadgeba, aramed swavlis gasagrZeleblad da momaval profesiul karieraSi warmatebis misaRwevadac. problemis gadaWris unari arsebiTia mzrunvelobas moklebuli bavSvebisaTvis. im mwiri faqtobrivi masalis (romelic SesaZloa maT swavlis raRac etapze aiTvises) gamoyenebis unari sasicocxlo mniSvnelobas iZens im xSiri SemTxvevebis dros, roca maT damoukideblad uwevT yofiT siZneleebTan gamklaveba, saarsebo pirobebis mopoveba. problemaze orientirebuli swavleba aris maTematikisa da sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis swavlebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli modeli. igi moswavleze orientirebuli swavlebis strategiaa. aseTi tipis swavlebis dros moswavleebi realuri cxovrebiseuli problemebis kvlevis gziT iZenen mniSvnelovan gamocdilebas, romelic maT mTeli cxovrebis manZilze gamoadgebaT. problemaze orientirebuli swavlis dros axali codnis SeZena mimdinareobs problemebis ganxilvis konteqstSi. swavlis amgvari forma gansxvavdeba amocanebis amoxsnis ubralo procesisagan. kerZod, problemaze orientirebuli swavlis dros axali codnis SeZena aqtualuri xdeba saWiroebis safuZvelze, ukve dasmuli problemis mogvarebis procesSi. am procesis paralelurad ki viTardeba problemebis gadaWris unaric. marTlac, dasmuli problema ubiZgebs moswavleebs, moiZion da SeiZinon axali codna, romelic saWiroa problemis gadasaWrelad. erTaderTi swori pasuxis moZebnis sanacvlod, moswavle axdens dasmuli problemis interpretirebas, agrovebs saWiro informacias, agebs models, gamoTqvams varauds, afasebs da

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adarebs SesaZlo Sedegebs da akeTebs daskvnas. problemaze orientirebuli swavla gansakuTrebiT zrdis moswavlis motivacias. moswavle aqtiur swavlaSia CarTuli, realuri problemebis gadaWraze muSaobs, ris Sedegadac swavla misTvis ufro saintereso da saxaliso xdeba. amgvari swavleba aviTarebs jgufuri muSaobis, TanamSromlobis, kritikuli azrovnebisa da komunikaciis unar-Cvevebs. amgvarad, problemaze orientirebuli swavlis midgomas ori ZiriTadi niSani aqvs: swavla eyrdnoba Riad dasmul problemur SekiTxvebs; maswavlebeli erTgvarad fasilitatoris rolSia, ris Sedegadac moswavle iRebs met pirovnul pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar swavlaze da aqtiuri Semmecnebeli xdeba. 2.2 ra aris problemuri situacia/amocana? gamoiyofa problemuri amocanebis ori ZiriTadi tipi: 1. amocanebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan. aseTi tipis davalebis nimuSia: moswavles surs biblioTekidan gamotanili wignebis aslebis damzadeba. A punqtSi 1 gverdis aslis gadaReba 3 TeTri Rirs, xolo wignis ydis gakeTeba 70 TeTri. B punqtSi 1 gverdis aslis gadaReba 5 TeTri Rirs, xolo wignis ydis gakeTeba 40 TeTri. moswavlem unda gansazRvros, Tu romel punqtSia umjobesi wignebis aslis gakeTeba. ra rCevas miscemdiT moswavles? 2. amocanebi, romlebic moiTxovs sistemis analizs da modelirebas. aseTi tipis davalebis nimuSia: gadawyda, rom unda aSendes saavadmyofo, romelic sam sofels moemsaxureba. Tqveni azriT, sad unda aSendes saavadmyofo? (ra rCevas miscemT mSeneblebs saavadmyofos mdebareobis Taobaze?) gadawyvetilebis miRebasTan dakavSirebul amocanebSi mocemulia ramdenime alternativa da SezRudva. moswavles moeTxoveba iseTi gadawyvetilebis miReba, romelic am SezRudvebs daakmayofilebs.

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maTematikuri wigniereba

sistemis analizsa da modelirebasTan dakavSirebuli amocanebi moswavlisagan moiTxovs kompleqsuri viTarebis analizs am viTarebis logikis gasaazreblad. am tipis amocanebSi aRwerilia kompleqsuri sistemebi, romlebSic mravali urTierTdakavSirebuli faqtori monawileobs (parametri, Tviseba, maxasiaTebeli). am kavSirebis dinamikurobis gamo, pasuxi (amonaxsni), SesaZloa, ar iyos erTaderTi. 2.3 problemis gadaWris cikli problemis gadaWris procesebs aRweren ciklis saSualebiT, romlis erT-erT farTod gavrcelebul variants qvemoT moviyvanT. cikli aRwers TiToeul safexurs da gulisxmobs, rom Sedegis misaRwevad SesaZlebelia yovel etapze ramdenjerme dabruneba. amasTan, rogorc wesi, etapebis Tanmimdevrobas Tavad problemis tipi da problemis gadamWrelis pirovnuli Taviseburebebi ganapirobebs. problemis gadaWris cikli Semdegi etapebisgan Sedgeba: problemis moZebna da gansazRvra; problemis maTemartikur enaze Camoyalibebada warmodgena; problemis Sesaxeb informaciisa da resuresebis organizeba da codnis mobilizeba; problemis gadaWris SesaZlo gzebis moZieba; problemis gadaWris SesaZlo gzebis Sefaseba da maTgan romelimes SerCeva; SerCeuli gzis ganxorcieleba da progresze dakvirveba; Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba realuri viTarebis konteqstSi. problemis gadaWris meTodologia aris logika. induqciuri msjeloba/argumentireba kerZo msjelobidan zogadis gamoyvana; deduqciuri msjeloba/argumentireba zogadi msjelobidan kerZo msjelobis gamoyvana; analogiiT msjeloba/argumentireba erTi kerZo movlenidan analogiuri kerZo movlenis Sesaxeb daskvna.

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

2.4 konkretuli davalebebi. magaliTi 1. rogori dizainis yuTia ufro mosaxerxebeli limonaTis Tunuqis qilebis gadasatanad? problemis gadaWris etapebi: 1. problemis moZebna da gansazRvra: am etapze dadgindeba, Tu ra niSniT ganisazRvreba xelsayreli yuTi (anu, ra igulisxmeba xelsayrelSi): mis gasakeTeblad daxarjuli qaRaldis raodenobiT, misi transportirebisaTvis moxerxebuli formiT da a.S.

2. problemis Camoyalibeba da warmodgena: vTqvaT, ZiriTad parametrad avirCieT daxarjuli qaRaldis raodenoba. maSin amocana, maTematikuri TvalsazrisiT, ase Camoyalibdeba: ra zomebi unda hqondes yuTs (marTkuTxa paralelepipeds), rom misi zedapiris farTobi (rac mis dasamzadeblad daxarjuli qaRaldis raodenobas ukavSirdeba) iyos umciresi (minimaluri). amocanaSi aRwerili situaciis warmosadgenad, efeqturi iqneba magnituri dafis da Tanabari zomis monetebis (an magnitebis) gamoyeneba.

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maTematikuri wigniereba

3. problemis Sesaxeb informaciisa da resursebis moZieba organizeba, codnis mobilizeba: romeli ukve naswavli formula an debuleba SeiZleba gamoviyenoT problemis gadasaWrelad (magaliTad, marTkuTxa paralelepipedis zedapiris farTobis formula). 4. problemis gadaWris SesaZlo xerxebi: marTkuTxa paralelepipedis formis yuTis garda, SesaZlebelia samkuTxa prizmis formis yuTis gamoyenebac (unda ganisazRvros, qilebis ra raodenobisTvis aris SesaZlebeli am formis yuTis gamoyeneba). 5. problemis gadaWris strategiis SerCeva da ganxorcieleba:

magaliTad, rogor SeiZleba daaxloebiT gamovTvaloT im samkuTxa prizmis fuZis farTobi, romelSic zustad 6 qila eteva. 6. Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba: problemisa da miRebuli amonaxsnis kvleva realuri viTarebis konteqstSi dadgena, Tu saSualod ra raodenobis qilas yidulobs myidveli erT jerze da am informaciaze dayrdnobiT yuTis formis SerCeva. magaliTi 2. SearCieT moZraobis optimaluri marSruti skolis avtobusisaTvis, romelsac qalaqis sxvadasxva ubnidan skolaSi moswavleebi da maswavleblebi mihyavs, problemis gadaWris etapebi: 1. problemis moZebna da gansazRvra: am etapze dadgindeba, Tu ra niSniT ganisazRvreba optimaluri marSruti (anu, ra igulisxmeba optimalurSi): umoklesi manZili, nakleb datvirTuli da usafrTxo gza, umciresi dro am marSrutis

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

dasafarad da a.S. 2. problemis Camoyalibeba da warmodgena: vTqvaT, ZiriTad parametrad am marSrutis dasafarad saWiro minimaluri dro avirCieT. maSin amocana, maTematikuri TvalsazrisiT, amgvarad Camoyalibdeba: SeirCes iseTi marSruti, rom misi sigrZisa da mgzavrobis saSualo siCqaris Sefardeba iyos umciresi. 3. problemis Sesaxeb informaciisa da resursebis moZiebaorganizeba, codnis mobilizeba: moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa gamokiTxvis saSualebiT unda dadgindes, vin ra transportiT sargeblobs skolaSi mosvlisas. unda Seiqmnas martivi kiTxvari, SeirCnen respodentebi, Catardes gamokiTxva da monacemebi warmodgenili unda iqnas cxrilis an grafikuli saxiT. 4. problemis gadaWris SesaZlo xerxebi: am monacemebis safuZvelze moswavleebma unda daadginon is ubnebi, sadac moswavleebisa da maswavleblebis mniSvnelovani raodenoba cxovrobs. uTuod SeamCnevT, rom xelaxla dgeba sakiTxi, ras ewodeba mniSvnelovani raodenoba. anu, problema Txoulobs ciklis pirveli etapisken mibrunebas da cnebebis xelaxla dazustebas. 5. problemis gadaWris strategiis SerCeva da ganxorcieleba: unda moxdes problemis vizualizacia amocanis sqematurad gamosaxva.

A skola - O

B C 21

maTematikuri wigniereba

ru k aze unda aRiniSnos skolis avtobusis gaCerebis savaraudo punqtebi, am punqtebis erTmaneTTan damakavSirebeli gzebi. rukaze miTiTebuli masStabis gamoyenebiT unda dadgindes punqtebs Soris manZileb i (daaxloebiT) da am manZilebis dasafarad saWiro dro. moswavleebma yvela marSrutis savaraudo sigZe unda daTvalon da es monacemebi cxrilis saxiT warmoadginon.
marSruti1 marSruti2 marSruti3 OA OA AB CO BC OD CD DE DE EO EO

Sedegebis Semowmeba da Sefaseba: problemisa da miRebuli amonaxsnis kvleva realuri viTarebis konteqstSi moswavleebma unda Seajeron moZiebuli informacia da saukeTeso marSruti airCion. Semdeg unda imsjelon arCeuli gzis optimalurobis Sesaxeb maTematikuri da eTikuri TvalsazrisiT (mizanSewonlia Tu ara im punqtis gavliT mgzavroba, sadac erTi maswavlebeli, an moswavleTa/maswavlebleTa mcirericxovani jgufi cxovrobs?). SeiZleba, SeTavazebul iqnas aseTi tipis balansis dacvis gzebi (mag. maswavleblis xelfasSi mgzavrobis xarjebis gaTvaliswineba J). 3. kiTxvis strategiebis gamoyeneba maTematikis daufleba SeuZlebelia mSobliuri enis Rrmad da gaazrebulad flobis gareSe. mniSvnelovan sirTules maTematikis swavlebis procesSi warmoadgens is faqti, rom moswavleTa did nawils uWirs wakiTxuli masalis _ teqstis Sinaarsis gageba-gaazreba. Sesaswavli teqstebi xom informaciuli xasiaTisaa, xSirad gadatvirTuli cnebebiTa da terminebiT, romelic Seicavs sakmaod rTul argumentirebul msjelobas. araerTi kvleva adasturebs, rom maTematikaSi moswavleTa warumeteblobas mniSvnelovanwilad ganapirobebs

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

ara imdenad amocanis amosaxsnelad saWiro procedurebis arcodna, aramed is, rom moswavle ver igebs, ras ekiTxebian, ra davaleba aqvs mas. Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo meTodologia gulisxmobs wignierebis (Rrmad da gaazrebulad kiTxvis) strategiebis aqtiur swavleba-gamoyenebas ara mxolod mSobliuri enis, aramed sxva sagnebis gakveTilebzec. wignierebis ZiriTad staregiebad aris miCneuli: prognozireba, hipoTezebisa da varaudebis gamoTqma. es strategia gulisxmobs varaudebisa da mosazrebebis gamoTqmas imis Taobaze, Tu ras SeiZleba exebodes teqsti da rogor SeiZleba ganviTardes teqstis calkeul nawilSi aRwerili viTareba. maTematikis gakveTilze es SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli, magaliTad, axali masalis axsnisas. maswavlebelma SeiZleba gamoaTqmevinos mosazrebebi moswavleebs, Tu ras SeiZleba exebodes maTi varaudiT paragrafi, ra mniSvnelovani sakiTxis Seswavlas moelodebian isini saTauris Sesabamisi Temis irgvliv. kavSirebis damyareba _ es aris gansaxilavi masalis dakavSireba moswavlis pirad gamocdilebasTan an adre Seswavlil masalasTan. SekiTxvebis dasma: teqstis kiTxvis yovel etapze SekiTxvebis dasma _ ra aris mocemuli, ras veZebT, ras gvekiTxeba amocana, raTa ukeT iqnas gagebuli teqstis Sinaarsi. Sejameba, daskvnebis gakeTeba, msjeloba: yoveli abzacis Semdeg mokle Semajamebeli daskvnis gakeTeba. vizualizacia: damxmare sqemebisa da naxazebis ageba. mniSvnelovani da meorexarisxovani faqtebis gansazRvra _ risi codnaa aucilebeli amocanis amosaxsnelad, ra aris nakleb mniSvnelovani am etapze, ra ar gamogvadgeba. sinTezi gulisxmobs teqstis moswavliseuli interpretaciiT moTxrobas, amoxsnis gansxvavebuli xerxebis moZiebas, miRebuli daskvenebis ganzogadebas da maTi sxva sferoebSi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis SemCnevas.

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maswavleblis funqciaa sworad dasmuli SekiTxvebis an damxmare sqemebis meSveobiT miexmaros moswavles teqstis gaazrebaSi. amasTan, es ar unda iyos erTjeradi daxmareba. moswavles unda vaswavloT teqstis damuSavebis xerxebi. ganvixiloT ramdenime davaleba: amocana satelefono kompaniis momsaxurebis Sesaxeb. yovelTviurad, mobiluri telefoniT sargeblobis pirveli 200 wuTi ninos eZleva ufasod. yoveli momdevno wuTisTvis igi ixdis 5 TeTrs. ianvarSi ninos satelefono saubrebis xangrZlivoba iyo 230 wuTi, TebervalSi ki 300 wuTi. sul ra Tanxis gadaxda mouwevs ninos satelefono kompaniisaTvis? davalebis teqsti informaciulia da SesaZloa moswavleTa nawils gauWirdes davalebaSi aRweril viTarebaSi bolomde garkveva. aseT dros SesaZloa dagvexmaros maorientirebeli (mimgezavi) SekiTxvebi: 6. razea amocana? 7. ra pirobebi aqvs satelefono kompanias? 8. ramdeni wuTi saubaria ufaso? 9. rogor gesmiT yoveli momdevni wuTi? 10. 230 wuTidan ramdeni iyo ufaso da ramdeni wuTisaTvis mouwevda gadaxda? 11. raze mogvaniSnebs sityva sul? Zalian mniSvnelovania cxrilebisa da sqemebis gamoyeneba, romlebic iZleva monacemebis struqturirebisa da TvalsaCinod warmodgenis saSualebas. mag., zemoT ganxiluli amocanisaTvis cxrils SeiZleba hqondes aseTi saxe:

Tve ianvari Tebervali

wuTebis raodenoba ufaso 230 wuTi 300 wuTi 200 wuTi 200 wuTi

fasiani 30 wuTi 100 wuTi

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sagarantio momsaxureoba kompania myidvels, nivTis SeZenisas sTavazobs sagarantio momsaxurebas, romelic gulisxmobs SeZenili nivTis axliT Secvlas, Tu nivTi dazianda 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi. rom 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi kompaniam gayida 300 erTeuli TiToeuli 180 larad. cnobilia, rom aqedan dazianda 6%. risi tolia kompaniis Semosavali? amocanis teqsti sakmaod rTuli da informaciulia. Sinaarsis ukeT gasaazreblad maswavlebelma unda ikiTxos, smeniaT Tu ara moswavleebs rame sagarantio momsaxurebis Sesaxeb, ZiriTadad ra saxis sagnebze moqmedebs xolme amgvari wesebi, xom ar SeuZeniaT ojaxSi rame nivTi, romelsac hqonda sagarantio vada da a.S. Semdeg unda ganixilon, Tu rogor unda moxdes kompaniis Semosavlis gamoTvla. aq kargi iqneba sqemis gamoyeneba:
gayiduli nivTebis saerTo raodenoba 300 maTgan xarisxiani uxarisxo mTliani raodenobis 6%.

kompaniis Semosavali

zarali

saWiro gamoTvlebi SeiZleba Sesruldes cxrilis Sesabamis svetSi.

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mogzaurobis dagegmva vTqvaT Tqven gegmavT 12 dRian mogzaurobas avtomobiliT. dReSi apirebT saSualod 60 kilometris gavlas. informaciis Segrovebisa da damuSavebis Sedegad SearCieT 3 kompania, romlebic avtomobilebs aqiraveben Semdegi pirobebiT: pirveli kompania iTxovs dRiur gadasaxads 33 lars, romelsac emateba 10 TeTri yovel gavlil kilometrze; meore kompaniaSi dRiuri gadasaxadia 50 lari, xolo yovel gavlil kilometrze gadasaxadi Seadgens 4 TeTrs; mesame kompanias aqvs fiqsirebuli yoveldRiuri gadasaxadi 60 lari gavlili manZilis miuxedavad. romel kompanias airCevT samogzaurod? am SemTxvevaSic sasurvelia amoxsnis procesi daviwyoT saubriT smeniaT Ta ara rame kompaniebis (turistuli saagentoebis) Sesaxeb, romlebic aqiraveben manqanebs? ramdenad mniSvnelovnad miaCniaT mogzaurobis dagegmva da ras gulisxmoben dagegmvaSi? Semdeg etapze unda moxdes teqstSi mocemuli informaciis vizualizacia. am mizniT SeiZleba Sedges Semdegi cxrili: kompania I II III dRiuri 33 lari 50 lari 60 lari gadasaxadi yovel gavlil km-ze 10 TeTri 4 TeTri 0

Semdegi etapia ariTmetikuli gamoTvlebis ganxorcieleba da imis dadgena, Tu ra Tanxis gadaxda mouwevT TiToeuli kompaniis aRcevis SemTxvevaSi. Semdegi sadiskusio Tema SeiZleba iyos sakiTxi mxolod fasi asrulebs mniSvnelovan rols kompaniis aRcevaSi, Tu sxva parametrebic mniSvnelovania swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad? (igulisxmeba kompaniis avtoriteti, gamarTuli avtomobilebi da a.S.).

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4. Sefaseba maTematikur wignierebaSi

Sefaseba swavlebis procesis ganuyofeli nawilia. is Tanabrad mniSvnelovania swavlebis procesSi monawile yvela mxarisaTvis. moswavle yovelTvis unda flobdes informacias, ramdenad warmatebulia saganSi; ra unda Secvalos, rom ukeTesi Sedegi miiRos. maswavlebeli Sefasebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gegmavdes yovel Semdeg nabijs. maTematikaSi Sefasebis komponentebi (anu, dakvirvebis obieqti) aris: 1. maTematikuri cnebebisa da debulebebis codna da gamoyeneba; 2. maTematikuri obieqtebis warmodgena (mag., daxazva, konstruireba); 3. maTematikuri enis floba (mag., terminologiis da aRniSvnebis koreqtulad gamoyeneba, maTematikuri Sinaarsis winadadebebis gageba da Camoyalibeba); 4. msjeloba - dasabuTeba; 5. gamoTvla, gazomva da sxva standartuli procedurebi; 6. damxmare teqnikuri saSualebebisa da sainformacio teqnologiebis gamoyeneba. socialuri unar-Cvevebidan yuradReba unda gamaxvildes SemoqmedebiTobaze da TanamSromlobaze (mewyvilesTan, jgufis wevrebTan). Sefasebis komponentebis, rogorc unarCvevebisa da codnis flobis, xarisxis dadgena SeiZleba Semdegi saxis aqtivobebiT: moswavleze yoveldRiuri dakvirvebis Sedegad unda dadgindes: aRiqvams Tu ara moswavle amocanis Sinaarss, SeuZlia Tu ara amocanis monacemebisa da saZiebeli sidideebis gamijvna, axerxebs Tu ara monacemebis organizebas da warmodgenas. sworad iyenebs Tu ara maTematikur terminebsa da aRniSvnebs. SeuZlia Tu ara kompleqsuri davalebis dayofa safexurebad martiv amocanebad. SeuZlia Tu ara ZiriTadi maTematikuri procedurebis gamoyeneba (mag., ariTmetikuli operaciebis Sesruleba).

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Sefasebisas SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas sxvadasxva saxis davalebebi, magaliTad: amocanebi, sadac moswavles evaleba ramdenime SesaZlo pasuxs Soris swori pasuxis SerCeva, Sesabamisobis damyareba, swori TanmimdevrobiT dalageba. teqstis wakiTxva da monacemTa analiziT (gamoTvlebis an logikuri msjelobis safuZvelze) miRebuli daskvnis gadmocema da dasabuTeba (maT Soris, iseTi teqstis, romelic diagramebs da cxrilebs Seicavs). geometriuli amocana, romelSic moswavles moeTxoveba figuris Tvisebebis dadgena, zomebis gansazRvra, figuris ageba. Sefasebis rubrikis nimuSi:
flobis saSualoze dabali done xSirad araadek vaturad iyenebs cnebebs, terminebs, aRniSvnebs / arasrulyofilad, araorganizebulad warmoadgens monacemebs. ver poulobs amosxnis romelime gzas. an poulobs amoxsnis romelime gzas, iwyebs, magram ver asrulebs amoxsnas; ver poulobs logikur kavSirebs, uWirs zogadidan kerZos gamoyofa. gamoTvlebi ar adasturebs amocanis gagebas, Sedegi araadekvaturia; an umetesi nawili xarvezebiTaa Sesrulebuli. flobis saSualo done iyenebs amocanis amosaxsnelad saWiro cnebebis, debulebebisa da aRniSvnebis umetesobas / axdens monacemTa organizebas da warmoadgens maT. poulobs amocanis amoxsnis gzas, mihyveba mas, Tumca, xarvezebiT. flobis maRali done iyenebs amocanis amosaxsnelad saWiro yvela cnebas, debulebas da aRniSvnas / irCevs monacemTa organizebisa da warmodgenis optimalur formas. poulobs amocanis amoxsnis (optimalur) gzas, bolomde axdens mis realizebas.

gamoTvlebi ZiriTadad sworia, Tumca, teqnikuri xasiaTis xarvezebs Seicavs.

gamoTvlebi sworia, arCeuli da gamoyenebuli aqvs gamoTvlebis optimaluri xerxi.

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1) gakveTilis gegma procenti

gakveTilis mTavari Tema gakveTilis mniSvneloba, aqtualuroba

5. gakveTilis gegmis nimuSebi

procenti yoveldRiur realobaSi farTod gamoiyeneba procentis cneba: sakvebisa Tu wamlis yuTebze, maRaziebis vitrinebze yoveli Cvengani xvdeba procentis aRniSvnas. sazogadoebaSi srulfasovnad funqcionireba SeuZlebelia procentTan dakavSirebuli umartivesi procedurebis flobis gareSe. Sedegi: moswavles SeuZlia yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan momdinare amocanebis amoxsna mizani: moswavle gaerkves procentis cnebaSi, gaigos misi saWiroeba, ricxvis gamosaxvis sxvadasxva formas Soris mocemuli viTarebisaTvis adekvaturis SerCeva, sxvadasxva formiT gamosaxuli ricxvebis Sedareba da Sefaseba. ricxvis wiladi nawilis povna, wiladis cnebis codna, sidideebs Soris pirdapirproporciuli damokidebulebis amocnoba. 1. moTelva, klasis mobilizeba: moswavleebs magaliTebis saSualebiT gavaxsenoT ricxvis nawilis arsi da misi povnis xerxi (mag. risi tolia 25 is 3/5 nawili, 120 is 7/10 da a.S). SesaZlebelia gakeTdes erTiori umartivesi amocana Temaze: Rirda m lari, gaZvirda Rirebulebis p/q nawiliT, ra Rirs axla? iwonida m kilograms, moaklda wonis p/q nawili, ras iwonis axla? igulisxmeba ara amgvari zogadi saxiT miwodebuli amocana, aramed amocana p, q da m-is konkretuli ricxviTi mniSvnelobebisaTvis (5 wuTi).

gakveTilis miznebi da Sedegebi

winaswari codna

gakveTilis msvleloba

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2. samotivacio amocana, problemis formulireba: ganvixiloT amocana: supermarket megalainis (an, pasaJis) samma maRaziam saSobaod saqonlis gaiafeba gadawyvita. warmovidginoT, rom vitrinebze gamotanili informacia gaiafebis Sesaxeb am saxisaa: saqoneli iafdeba Rirebulebis 1/9 nawiliT (I maRazia), saqoneli iafdeba Rirebulebis 2/17 nawiliT (II maRazia), saqoneli iafdeba Rirebulebis 9/100 nawiliT (III maRazia). romel maRaziaSi ufro momgebiania saqonlis SeZena? savaraudod, moswavleebi daiwyeben msjelobas imis Sesaxeb, rom am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad saWiroa ama Tu im saqonlis sawyisi fasis codna. Tumca, sabolood SeTanxmdebian, rom saWiroa wiladebis Sedareba (10 wuTi). 3. codnis konstruireba: amocanis amoxsnis Semdeg davsvaT SekiTxva: ra sirTuleebs waawydeba myidveli, Tu aseTi formiT gamoaqveynebs gaiafebis pirobebs supermarketis yvela maRazia? vTxovoT moswavleebs, moifiqron raime xerxi, rac myidvels msgavs situaciebSi gadawyvetilebis miRebas Seumsubuqebs. wiladebis Sedarebis dros garkveuli sirTuleebi warmoiqmneba imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom es wiladebi sxvadasxvamniSvneliania. amitom, myidvels rom saqme gavuadviloT, sasurvelia gaiafebis maCvenebeli wiladebi erTnairmniSvneliani iyos. msjeloba SeiZleba gagrZeldes manam, vidre moswavleebi ar mivlen erT daskvnamde: sasurvelia, arCeul iqnas iseTi ricxvi, romelic sayovelTao standarti iqneba amgvari saxis raodenobrivi informaciis gamoqveynebisas. amis Semdeg, bunebrivad SeiZleba procentis cnebis Semotana.

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mokled gavacnoT moswavleebs procentis da misi gamomsaxveli simbolos warmoSobis istoria, ganvumartoT sityva procentis etimologia. vTxovoT moswavleebs, gaixsenon, sad SexvedriaT es simbolo. vaCvenoT raime, razec Semadgenel nawilebs Soris Tanafardoba procentuli saxiT aris aRniSnuli (mag. wamlis yuTi an Sokoladis fila) da procentTan dakavSirebuli warwerebis ganmarteba vTxovoT (20 wuTi). 4. gamTlianeba, refleqsia: vavarjiSoT moswavleebi amgvari davalebebis SesrulebaSi: wiladebisa da aTwiladebis gamosaxva procentis saxiT (martivi magaliTebi), procentis gamosaxva wiladis saxiT, kvadratis gaferadeba miTiTebuli procentiT (mag., gaaferadeT kvadratis 75%), miTiTebuli procentiT gaferadebuli figurebis amocnoba (mag., romeli figuraa gaferadebuli 20%iT?) (10 wuTi). Sefasebis sagani da procedurebi yuradReba unda mieqces, gaigo Tu ara moswavlem procentis cneba, esmis Tu ara procentis daniSnuleba, SeuZlia Tu ara erTmaneTs daukavSiros wiladi, aTwiladi da procenti. Sefasebis forma ganmaviTarebeli. saxelmZRvanelo, wamlis an raime sakvebis yuTi (romelzedac procentuladaa gamosaxuli ingredientebis xvedriTi wili).

saWiro resursebi

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maTematikuri wigniereba

2) gakveTilis gegma koordinatebi gakveTilis mTavari koordinatebi Tema gakveTilis mniSvneloba, sivrceSi da sibrtyeze oriaqtualuroba entireba adamianisaTvis mniSvnelovani unaria. metros sadgurebSi, qalaqis quCebSi Tavisuflad samoZraod saWiroa martivi sqemebis gaSifvra, rac gulisxmobs obieqtis mdebareobis povnas koordinatebis mixedviT, an obieqtis mdebareobis aRweras koordinatebis meSveobiT. gakveTilis miznebi da Sedegi: moswavles SeuZlia orienSedegebi tireba sibrtyeze. mizani: moswavlem unda SeZlos garemoSi orientireba da obieqtTa urTierTganlagebis aRwera, orientireba ruqaze an sakoordinato sibrtyeze koordinatebis gamoyenebiT. moswavlem unda icodes mimarTulebis gamomxatveli sityvebi: marjvniv, marcxniv, zemoT, qvemoT, .... 1. moTelva, klasis mobilizeba: maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda sTxovos, aRweron saklaso oTaxi mimarTulebis gamomxatveli sityvebis gamoyenebiT: mag., karebidan marjvniv kedelze dafaa, dafidan yvelaze daSorebuli fanjris rafaze qoTniT dgas yvavili da a.S. SeiZleba aRweron skolis ezo da Semogareni (5 wuTi).

winaswari codna

gakveTilis msvleloba

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

2. samotivacio amocana, proble mis formulireba: maswavlebelma unda warmarTos amgvari Sinaarsis diskusia: sakmarisi iqneboda Tu ara TiToeuli Cvenganis identifikaciisaTvis mxolod saxeli (anu, ra moxdeboda, gvari rom ar gvqonoda)? yovelTvis erT adamians Seesabameba Tu ara saxelisa da gvaris konkretuli kombinacia? kidev riTi mianiSneben xolme romelime konkretul adamianze? (mag. dabadebis adgilis miTiTebiT Tales mileTeli, maia wyneTeliJ). Semdeg maswavlebelma unda sTxovos moswavleebs, obieqtebis mdebareobis aRweris Sesaxeb gamoTqvan mosazreba: ramdenad xSirad aris amis saWiroeba? TviTon Tu dasWirvebiaT raime adgilis migneba, an Tavad Tu miuswavlebiaT vinmesTvis raime adgili? diskusia imgvarad unda warimarTos, rom aSkarad gamoikveTos koordinatebis aucilebloba (10 wuTi). 3. codnis konstruireba: maswavlebeli auxsnis moswavleebs, rom, rogorc wesi, sibrtyeze wertilis mdebareobis gansasazRvrad ori ricxvia sakmarisi (cxadia, igulisxmeba, rom sibrtye badiTaa dafaruli).

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maTematikuri wigniereba

eubneba, rom, zogjer, ricxvebis nacvlad laTinur asoebsac iyeneben. moswavleebma unda daasaxelon koordinatebis gamoyenebis nimuSebi: adgili kinoTeatrSi, Wadraki. maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda aCvenos ruqa romelime atlasidan da moaxdinos imis demonstrireba, rom cnobili koordinatebis pirobebSi nebismieri, Tundac, Zalian patara dasaxlebuli punqtis zusti mdebareobis gansazRvraa SesaZlebeli (15 wuTi). 4. gamTlianeba, refleqsia: unda Sesruldes saxelmZRvanelos Sesabamis paragrafSi mocemuli amgvari davalebebi: moswavlem unda daasaxelos, romeli obieti mdebareobs koordinatebiT miTiTebul wertilSi, aRniSnos badeze miTiTebuli koordinatebis mqone wertili, SesaZlebelia, rom koordinatebis mixedviT badeze gamosaxon cxovelebi spilo, kurdReli (15 wuTi). klasgareSe aqtivobisaTvis SesaZlebelia gemebis CaZirobanas TamaSis swavlebac (am TamaSis eleqtronuli versiebi internetSia ganTavsebuli).

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

Sefasebis sagani da pro- yuradReba unda mieqces, gaigo cedurebi Tu ara moswavlem koordinatis cneba, esmis Tu ara koordinatebis daniSnuleba, SeuZlia Tu ara megobars aswavlos obieqtis moZebna koordinatebis mixedviT, SeuZlia Tu ara vinmes mianiSnos obieqtis mdebareobaze koordinatebis meSveobiT. Sefasebis forma ganmaviTarebeli. saWiro resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, kinoTeatris bileTi, Wadrakis dafa, geografiuli atlasi, ruka, ujrebiani furclebi.

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maTematikuri wigniereba

3)gakveTilis gegma simetria gakveTilis mTavari simetria Tema gakveTilis mniSvneloba, Cvens garemomcvel samyaroSi aqtualuroba uamravi obieqtis Tvisebaa simetriuloba. obieqtis Tvisebebis Seswavla SeuZlebelia simetriaze garkveuli warmodgenebis gareSe. gakveTilis miznebi da Sedegebi Sedegi: moswavle garemomcvel obieqtebs Soris simetriul obieqtebs moiZiebs; ganasxvavebs simetriul da arasimetriul figurebs; saTanado SemTxvevaSi axdens figuraTa simetriulobis demonstirebas. mizani: moswavlem SeZlos figuraTa simetriulobis gamoyeneba realur viTarebaSi (mag., parketis dizainis Seqmna). winaswari codna elementaruli brtyeli figurebis saxeldeba da umartivesi Tvisebebis codna.

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

gakveTilis msvleloba

1. moTelva, klasis mobilizeba: maswavlebelma unda sTxovos moswavleebs, brtyeli geometriuli figurebi daasaxelon. dafaze dasaxelebuli figurebi unda daiweros da TiToeuli figuris eskizi gakeTdes. maswavlebeli unda Seecados, rom dasaxelebuli figurebis nusxa, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, mravalferovani iyos (mag., mravalkuTxedebi, wrewiri, Ria da gaxsnili texilebi da mrudebi, amozneqili da araamozneqili figurebi). Semdeg moswavleebi unda Seecadon, rom es figurebi raime niSniT daaxarisxon mravalwaxnagebi da texilebi erTad, wrewiri da mrudi wirebi calke da a.S. (5 wuTi). 2. samotivacio amocana, problemis formulireba: maswavlebelma unda Seajamos wina aqtivoba da xazi gausvas, rom figurebi dajgufda ZiriTadad erTi niSniT mravalkuTxedebi da aramravalkuTxedebi. Semdeg unda daisvas SekiTxva, kidev rame niSani xom ar ganasxvavebs erTmaneTisagan sxvadasxva figuras? maswavlebelma SeiZleba moswavleebs iatakis dafarvis ori nimuSi aCvenos (kafeli, metlaxi, xaliCa):

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maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda sTxovos, es nimuSebi erTmaneTs Seadaron ara feriT, aramed geometriuli atributebiT (ar aris aucilebeli dakonkretdes, Tu ra igulisxmeba geometriul atributebSi). maswavlebelma gezis mimcemi SekiTxvebis meSveobiT unda miiyvanos moswavleebi simetriulobis cnebamde (10 wuTi).

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

3. codnis konstruireba: saintereso iqneba moswavleTaTvis slaidSous meSveobiT simetriulobis nimuSebis Cveneba yoveldRiuri realobidan: peplebi, foTlebi, arqiteqturuli nagebobebi, parketis mozaika da sxva. Semdeg yuradReba unda gamaxvildes simetriis yvelaze gavrcelebul formaze RerZul simetriaze. unda moxdes figuris simetriulobis demonstrireba figuris nawilebi rom erTmaneTs SeuTavsdeba, Tuki mas RerZis gaswvriv gadavkecavT. metad efeqturi iqneba kompiuteruli TamaSebis Cveneba. saintereso TamaSia ganTavsebuli saitze http://buki.ge/ (TamaSis saxelwodebaa xelovneba). moswavlem unda aagos RerZulad simetriuli konstruqcia, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, konstruqciis mdgradoba irRveva. es TamaSi moswavleebs RerZuli simetriis arsis ukeT garkvevaSi miexmareba.

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arsebobs sxva kompiuteruli programac, romelic moswavles gardaqmnebis gamoyenebiT sibrtyis dasafari ornamentebis (e.w. parketis dizainis) SeqmnaSi daexmareba. es programa ganTavsebulia eleqtronul misamarTze:
http://illuminations.nctm.org/ActivityDetail.aspx?ID=205.

programiT sargebloba martivia: moswavlem unda airCios mravalkuTxedis saxe, romliTac surs parketis dizainis Seqmna. saintereso iqneba Seqmnili dafarvebis jgufurad ganxilva. kargia msjeloba, Tu simetriis ramdeni RerZi aqvs wresa da sferos, kvadratsa da kubs, farniT gaSuqebul konuss, egviptur oTxkuTxa piramidas, futkris fiWas an krazanis budes, abreSumis parks, frinvelis kvercxs, pepelas da sxvas mravals. simetriulia Tu ara adamianis saxe da sxeuli, mcenaris foToli, skolis Senoba. da, saerTod, arsebobs Tu ara bunebaSi xelTuqmneli idealuri simetria. imazec kargia saubari, Tu ratom uyvars bunebas simetria, ratom aSenebs futkari fiWas eqvskuTxa da ara samkuTxa prizmebiT an wesieri marTkuTxa paralelepipedebiT (25 wuTi).

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

4. gamTlianeba, refleqsia: moswavleebi unda vavarjiSoT simetriuli da arasimetriuli figurebis Tu konstruqciebis amocnobaSi. aseve sainteresoa da ganmaviTarebeli funqciis matarebeli aseTi davalebebi: maswavlebeli warmoadgens (aCvenebs)arasimetriuli figuris, ujredebian furcelze Sesrulebul naxazs da moswavleebs sTxovs, Seavson is simetriulamde umciresi raodenobis ujrebis gaferadebiT. maswavlebelma Tavidan unda miuTiTos simetriis RerZi, Semdeg ki moswavleebs arCevanis gakeTebis Tavisufleba misces (5 wuTi). Sefasebis sagani da pro- yuradRebis centrSi unda iyos, cedurebi gaigo Tu ara moswavlem simetriis cneba, SeuZlia Tu ara mas ganasxvavos simetriuli da arasimetriuli obieqtebi, SeuZlia Tu ara simetriuli konstruqciis ageba. Sefasebis forma ganmaviTarebeli. saxelmZRvanelo, internetSi CarTuli kompiuteri, proeqtori.

saWiro resursebi

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maTematikuri wigniereba

4) gakveTilis gegma-cxrili gakveTilis mTavari cxrili Tema gakveTilis mniSvncxrili informaciis struqturizeeloba, aqtualuroba bis saukeTeso saSualebaa. informaciis didi nawili - matareblebis moZraobis ganrigi, romelime eqimis samuSao grafiki Tu sxva -swored cxrilis saxiT mogvewodeba. Sesabamisad, cxrilidan saWiro informaciis amokreba mniSvnelovani kompetenciaa, romelsac TiToeuli moswavle unda flobdes. gakveTilis miznebi Sedegi: moswavle flobs informaciis da Sedegebi mowesrigebisa da warmodgenis xerxebs (saSualebebs). mizani: moswavlem SeZlos cxrilidan saWiro monacemebis amokreba. sworad Seavsos cxrili (sworad Seitanos monacemebi mza cxrilis Sesabamis ujrebSi). SeZlos cxrilis Seqmna monacemis warmosadgenad Wdeebis, saTauris, svetebisa da striqonebis raodenobis gansazRvra. moswavles hqondes elementaruli warmodgenebi eleqtronul cxrilebze da SeeZlos umartivesi operaciebis Sesruleba maTi meSveobiT. winaswari codna moswavlem unda icodes mimarTulebis gamomxatveli sityvebi: marjvniv, marcxniv, zemoT, qvemoT... unda SeeZlos Sesabamisi striqonisa da svetis TanakveTaze mdebare ujris miTiTeba.

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

gakveTilis msvleloba

1. moTelva, klasis mobilizeba: maswavlebelma moswavleebi or jgufad unda dayos. orive jgufs erTi da igive davaleba eqneba - maT xelT arsebuli teqstidan matareblebis moZraobis ganrigis Sesaxeb amoikiTxon da daadginon, romel saaTze gadis Tbilisidan matarebeli, magaliTad, ozurgeTis mimarTulebiT. erT jgufs masala unda miewodos cxrilis saxiT, meores ki - teqstis saxiT (narativis saxiT). savaraudod, meore jgufi ufro swrafad gaarTmevs Tavs davalebas (10 wuTi). 2. codnis konstruireba: maswavlebelma amgvari Sinaarsis diskusia unda warmarTos: ram ganapiroba meore jgufis warmateba? aqvs Tu ara raime saxis upiratesoba informaciis cxrilis saxiT warmodgenas? Tu unaxavT sadme cxrilebi da ra saxis informacia iyo maTi meSveobiT gadmocemuli? diskusiis mizania, rom moswavleebi mixvdnen informaciis struqturizebis aucileblobas. Semdeg maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda aCvenos Tbilisis rkinigzis sadguris ganrigi (realuri,internetSi ganTavsebuli), romelime wamlis instruqcia (sadac cxrilis saxiTaa xSirad warmodgenili, ra asakis adamianma ra doziT unda miiRos aRniSnuli wamali), cxrilebis gamoyenebis sxva realuri nimuSebi. pirvel etapze moswavleebma cxrilidan saWiro informaciis amokrebaze unda ivarjiSon. yuradReba unda gamaxvildes imaze, rom moswavlem zustad miuTiTos saWiro striqoni, sveti, ujra (15 wuTi).

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maTematikuri wigniereba

eleqtronuli cxrilebis gamoyeneba: maswavlebeli gauSvebs programas Microsoft Office Excel. aCvenebs, ra martivad SeiZleba cxrilisaTvis sasurveli formis micema, magaliTad, svetis siganis daregulireba. Semdeg yuradReba unda gamaxvildes imaze, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania svetis da striqonis saxeldeba. moswavleebma unda Seadginon sakuTari monacemebis cxrili - gvari, sqesi, dabadebis TariRi da adgili da a.S. moswavleebs mxolod informaciis saxiT (cnobad) unda miewodoT informacia eleqtronuli cxrilebis upiratesobis Sesaxeb - rom SesaZlebelia filtrebis dayeneba, monacemebis daxarisxeba zrdiT an klebiT, an leqsikografiuli meTodiT da a.S. (20 wuTi). Sefasebis sagani da procedurebi yuradReba unda mieqces, gaigo Tu ara moswavlem, ra saxis informaciis warmosadgenad aris ukeTesi cxrilis gamoyeneba; SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles saWiro informaciis amokreba cxrilidan; axerxebs Tu ara cxrilis sworad Sevsebas. Sefasebis forma ganmaviTarebeli. saWiro resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, sxvadasxva saxis cxrilebi, internetSi CarTuli kompiuteri da proeqtori, eleqtronuli cxrilebis programa Microsoft Office Excel.

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

5.

gakveTilis gegma - monacemTa saSualo monacemTa saSualo raime movlenis dasaxasiaTeblad, zogadi tendenciis dasanaxad, monacemTa gasaanalizeblad mniSvnelovania monacemTa saSualos cnebis da misi gamoyenebis farglebis codna. Sedegi: moswavles SeuZlia Tvisebriv da raodenobriv monacemTa interpretacia da elementaruli analizi mizani: moswavlem SeZlos Semajamebeli ricxviTi maxasiaTeblis saSualo ariTmetikulis gamoTvla da gamoyeneba monacemTa erTobliobis dasaxasiaTeblad.

gakveTilis mTavari Tema gakveTilis mniSvneloba, aqtualuroba

gakveTilis miznebi da Sedegebi

winaswari codna gakveTilis msvleloba

moswavlem unda icodes ricxvebis Sekreba da gayofa. 1. samotivacio aqtivoba, proble mis formulireba: maswavlebelma unda waukiTxos moswavleebs Semdegi Sinaarsis teqsti sagazeTo an internet gamocemidan: magaliTad, bolo wlebSi temperaturam dedamiwaze moimata saSualod 3 gradusiT, an, saSualo merveklaselis aqtiuri leqsika sul 800 sityvas moicavs da a.S. da sTxovos moswavleebs, TavianTi mosazrebebi gamoTqvan teqstSi gadmocemuli Sinaarsis Sesaxeb. aqcenti unda gakeTdes sityvaze

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maTematikuri wigniereba

saSualod. moswavleebi maswavleblis daxmarebiT unda mividnen im daskvnamde, rom temperatura dedamiwis yvela regionSi Tanabrad ver moimatebda, rom SesaZloa zogan namati ufro metia da zogan ki naklebi. maswavlebelma unda sTxovos moswavleebs, TviTon Camoayalibon msgavsi debulebebi magaliTad, TbilisSi puris fasi saSualod 70 TeTria, an saskolo saxelmZRvanelos fasi saSualod 10 laria (10 wuTi). 2. codnis konstruireba: maswavlebeli ganmartavs, rom arsebobs situaciebi, roca mniSvnelovania procesis Sesaxeb zogadi warmodgenis Seqmna, situaciisTvis damaxasiaTebeli tendenciis danaxva, da ar arsebobs faqtebis gansakuTrebuli detalizaciis aucilebloba. zogjer CvenTvis saintereso procesis Sesaxeb iseTi miaxloebiTi informaciis flobaa sakmarisi, romelic zogad warmodgenas Segviqmnis procesze masSi metismetad CaRrmavebis gareSe. aseTi saxis miaxloebiTi mniSvnelobaa saSualo ariTmetikuli. maswavlebeli moswavleebs ganumartavs, rogor iTvleba ramdenime ricxvis saSualo ariTmetikuli (sasurvelia, rom ricxvebis raodenoba ar aRematebodes 4-s).

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

3. Semdeg, sasurvelia, gairCes ramdenime amocana, magaliTad, dadgindes xaWapuris saSualo fasi Cvens qalaqSi, an iqve klasSi dadgindes moswavleTa saSualo simaRle. Semdeg aucileblad unda gamaxvildes yuradReba, sakmarisia Tu ara saSualo ariTmetikuli ufro zogadi daskvnebis gasakeTeblad; anu, Tu mxolod erT ubanSi mdebare saxaWapureebis fasebis saSualos vipovniT, es monacemi SesaZloa mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebodes qalaqis sxva ubnebis monacemebisagan (20 wuTi). 3. gamTlianeba: maswavlebelma unda auxsnas moswavleebs, rom didi raodenobis monacemebis saSualos eleqtronuli meTodebiT iTvlian. SesaZlebelia am faqtis demonstrirebac Microsoft Office Excel-is meSveobiT (15 wuTi). Sefasebis sagani da procedurebi yuradReba unda mieqces, gaigo Tu ara moswavlem, ra saxis informaciis warmosadgenad aris ukeTesi saSualo ariTmetikulis gamoyeneba. axerxebs Tu ara moswavle 3 an 4 ricxvis saSualos gamoTvlas. Sefasebis forma ganmaviTarebeli. saWiro resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, sxvadasxva saxis realuri monacemebi - produqtebis fasebi da sxva., internetSi CarTuli kompiuteri da proeqtori, eleqtronuli cxrilebis programa Microsoft Office Excel.

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maTematikuri wigniereba

6. gakveTilis gegma geometriuli figurebi

gakveTilis mTavari Tema gakveTilis mniSvneloba, aqtualuroba geometriuli figurebi cxovrebaSi, yofiTi daniSnulebis sagnebSi an maT ilustraciebSi xSirad gvxvdeba geometriuli figurebi. maTi formebisa da Tvisebebis Seswavla ganapoirobebs infrastruqturis sworad dagegmvas da ganviTarebas. mizani: moswavles unda SeeZlos amoicnos, miuTiTos da gamosaxos geometriuli figurebi misi garemomcveli samyarodan. Sedegi: moswavle SeZlebs amoicnos da miuTiTos yofiTi daniSnulebis sagnebsa da ilustraciebSi geometriuli figurebi; Seadaros da daajgufos brtyeli da sivrciTi figurebi; Seqmnas maTi grafikuli gamosaxulebis modelebi (plastelinisa da asanTis RerebiT karkasebi). winaswari codna gakveTilis msvleloba elementaruli brtyeli figurebis amocnoba da dasaxeleba. moTelva, klasis mobilizeba: maswavlebeli warmoudgens moswavleebs sxvadasxva arqiteqturuli nagebobebis suraTebs da sTxovs, amoicnon maTTvis cnobili geometriuli figurebi. mag., samkuTxedi, oTxkuTxedi, wre. maswavlebelma unda Seadginos maT mier dasaxelebuli figurebis nusxa.

gakveTilis miznebi da Sedegebi

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

samotivacio amocana: maswavlebels winaswar momzadebuli aqvs sivrciTi figurebis suraTebi da modelebi. klass yuofs jgufebad, urigebs sivrciTi figurebis modelebs da sTxovs moswavleebs, aRniSnul suraTebze aRmoaCinon modelebis msgavsi figurebi da daajgufon isini msgavsi niSnebvis mixedviT. codnis konstruireba: savaraudod moswavleebi warmodgenil TvalsaCinoebebSi daasaxeleben maTTvis cnobil figurebs. Semdeg, SeZlebisdagvarad, ganasxvaveben sivrcul da brtyel figurebs, ris Semdegac maswavleblis daxmarebiT moxdeba saxeldeba sivrciTi figurebis. Semdeg, maswavlebeli warmoadgens qaRaldisagan damzadebul marTkuTxa paralelepipedis models (asanTis kolofi, wamlis kolofi), gaWris mas wiboebis gaswvriv da moswavleTa daxmarebiT gaSlis sibrtyeze (Slili umjobesia iyos damzadebuli feradi qaRaldisagan). refleqsia: moswavleebi unda vavarjiSoTb rtyeli da sivrciTi figurebis amocnobasa da klasificirebaSi. amisaTvis, maswavlebeli jgufebs urigebs winaswar gamzadebul or nimuSs (erTi brtyeli, meore sivrciTi figura) marTkuTxedi da marTkuTxaparalelepipedi. maswavlebeli

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Sefasebis sagani da procedurebi

sTxovs daawebon furcelze mocemuli figurebi, rac TvalnaTliv daanaxebs bavSvebs, rom sivrciTi figuris Cveulebrivi saxiT dawebeba SeuZlebelia. maswavlebeli daavalebT maT, rom gaakeTon sivrciTi figuris Slilebi da is daawebon qaRaldze. davubrundeT Temis dasawyisSi Semotanil sailustracio suraTebs. maswavlebelma unda daavalos moswavleebs amoicnon maTSi sivrciTi figurebi, daamzadon erTerTi maTganis Slili da modeli. proeqtorisa da kompiuteris arsebobis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnas prezentacia brtyeli da sivrciTi figurebis gamosaxulebebiT. moswavleebma unda amoicnon figurebi da moaxdinon maTi klasificireba. yuradRebis centrSi unda iyos, gaigo Tu ara moswavlem gansxvaveba brtyel da sivrciT figurebs Soris, axerxebs Tu ara figuraTa klasificirebas, SeuZlia Tu ara figurebis gamosaxva da Slilebis Seqmna. Sefasebis forma - ganmaviTarebeli

saWiro resursebi

foto- masala, geometriuli figurebis naxatebi da modelebi, arqiteqturuli Zeglebis suraTebi, feradi qaRaldi, makrateli, webo, plastelini, asanTis Rerebi, saxelmZRvanelo, kompiuteri da proeqtori.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15likNwNMjk

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maswavleblis saxelmZRvanelo

7. gakveTilis gegma _ marTkuTxedi. marTkuTxedis perimetri.

gakveTilis mTavari Tema marTkuTxedi. perimetri marTkuTxedis

gakveTilis mniSvneloba, aqtualuroba

marTkuTxedis modeli xSirad gvxvdeba yofiTi daniSnulebis sagnebSi. amitom, misi Tvisebebis Seswavla Zalian mniSvnelovania. moswavle SeZlebs yofiTi daniSnulebis sagnebSi an maT ilustraciebSi marTkuTxedis amocnobas; SeZlebs miTiTebuli zomebis marTkuTxedis daxazvas; SeZlebs marTkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeebis povnas gazomviT da gamoTvlis marTkuTxedis perimetrs. moswavlem unda icodes monakveTis cneba, unda SeeZlos misi sigrZis gazomva, aTwiladebis Sekreba-gamokleba. 1. Temisa da miznis gacnoba da klasis organizeba (maswavlebeli klass dayofs 3-4 moswavlisagan Semdgar jgufebad). 2. TiToeul jgufs maswavlebeli daurigebs feradi furclebisagan gamoWril mravalkuTxedebs marTkuTxedi, trapecia, samkuTxedi, xuTkuTxedi,

gakveTilis miznebi da Sedegebi

winaswari codna

gakveTilis msvleloba

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3. kvadrati _ da Txovs maT amoicnon, romeli figuraa marTkuTxedi da daasabuTon TavianTi arCevani. saxelwodebidan gamomdinare, moswavleebi albaT airCeven marTkuTxedsa da kvadrats da imsjeleben am figurebis maxasiaTeblebze. 4. maswavlebeli Seajamebs jgufebis namuSevars da gansazRvravs marTkuTxedis da kvadratis cnebebs. 5. maswavlebeli dasvams SekiTxvas xom ar gsmeniaT sityva perimetri? ras SeiZleba niSnavdes? ra asociacia giCndebaT am sityvis mosmenisas? moswavleTa pasuxebs Soris SesaZloa gaiJReros perimetric erTgvarma gansazRvrebam. maswavlebeli Seajamebs moswavleTa mosazrebebs da auxsnis maT figuris perimetris cnebas. 6. maswavlebeli TiToeul jgufs aZlevs praqtikul davalebas. pirvelma jgufma unda gaigos merxis perimetri, meore jgufma maswavleblis magidis, mesame jgufma wignis, meoTxe jgufma ki dafis perimetri. maswavlebeli akvirdeba jgufebs da aZlevs miTiTebebs. davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg, TiToeuli jgufi aRwers, rogor gazomes Sesabamisi figurebi da ra Sedegi miiRes.

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7. maswavlebeli ajamebs moswavleTa namuSevrebs da Semoaqvs perimetris gamosaTvleli formula. 8. Semdeg, moswavleebs eZlevaT individualuri davalebebi: miTiTeli zomis mqone marTkuTxedis daxazva da perimetris gamoTvla. Sefasebis sagani da proce- maswavleblis dakvirvebis durebi fokusSi unda iyos SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles marTkuTxedis daxazva, gvardebis sigrZeebis gazomva da perimetris gamoTvla saWiro resursebi saxelmZRvanelo, saxazavi, santimetri (xveula), feradi furclebisagan gamoWrili brtyeli figurebis modelebi.

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gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. Teaching and Learning Primary Numeracy: Policy, Practice and Effectiveness (A review of British research for the British Educational Research Association in conjunction with the British Society for Research in the Learning of Mathematics. Editors: Mike Askew and Margaret Brown); 2. Steen, LA (ed.) 2001, Mathematics and democracy: the case for quantitative literacy, 3. The National Council on Education and the Disciplines, US. Available at: http://www.maa.org/ql/mathanddemocracy.html; 4. Thomson, S 2004, Numeracy in the early years: Project Good Start, Australian Primary Mathematics Classroom, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1417; 5. Schoenfeld, A. H. (1992). Learning to think mathematically: Problem solving, metacognition, and sense-making in mathematics. In D. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook for Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning (pp. 334-370). New York: MacMillan; 6. Reynolds, D., & Muijs, D. (2000). School effectiveness and teacher effectiveness in mathematics: Findings from the evaluation of the mathematics Enhancement Program (Primary). School Effectiveness & School Improvement. 7. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: NCTM. 8. Polya, G. (1957). How to solve it? (2nd Edition). New York: Penguin Books. 9. problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri. 2008 weli.

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ekaterine korZaZe - maTematikuri wignierebis eqsperti. daamTavra Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis meqanika-maTematikis fakulteti. wlebis ganmavlobaSi iyo skoleb is kompiuterizaciis programa irmis naxtomi-s maTematikisa da bunebismetyvelebis maswavlebelTa sagnobrivi qselis koordinatori. monawileobda zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis maTematikis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis SemuSavebaSi. aris maTematikis swavlebis araerTi publikaciis Tanaavtori. muSaobs ilias saxelmwifo universitetSi, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministroSi maTematikis eqspertad.