Aarushi Talwar Murder Trial: Judgment by CBI Court

Sessions Trial No.
477 of 2012
In the Court of Additional Sessions Judge/Special Judge Anti!Corruption C.".I. #ha$ia%ad Present: S. &A& '.J.S. Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012 The State of (.). Through the C.".I. *s. +a,esh Tal-ar . Another R.C. No.1(S)/2008/SCR-III/CBI/N ! " #$I %/ss &02 r/' Se(tion &4) 201 r/' Se(tion &4 * 20& I.P.C. J(/#01NT T+e (,nos-re of .-/i(ial /eter0ination is t+e fl-(t-atin1 fort-nes of t+e /entist (o-2le "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar) '+o +a3e 4een arrai1ne/ for (o00ittin1 an/ se(retin1 as also /era(inatin1 t+e e3i/en(e of (o00ission of t+e 0-r/er of t+eir o'n a/oles(ent /a-1+ter-a 4ea-t /a0sel an/ sole +eiress 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ +a2less /o0esti( ai/e $e0ra.) '+o +a/ 0i1rate/ to In/ia fro0 nei1+4o-rin1 Ne2al to e7e o-t li3in1 an/ atten/e/ ro-tinel, to t+e (+ores of /o0esti( /r-/1er, at t+e +o-se of t+eir 0asters. T+e mise en scene is 8lat No. #-&2) 9al3a,:i+ar) Se(tor 2;) N.<.I.".6.) a s-4-r4 of Ne' "el+i. T+e Dramatis Personae are "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar) +is
Pa1e 1
Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012
'ife "r. N-2-r Tal'ar) t+e a((-se/ of t+is (ase) 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ $e0ra.) '+o 'ere 4l-/1eone/ an/ t+ereafter) .-1-late/ to /eat+ on t+e inter3enin1 ni1+t of 1;/1= 5a,) 2008) 5r. %0es+ S+ar0a an/ 5rs. B+arti 5an/al. T+e 2arties are ad idem t+at t+e (ase is 4ase/ on (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e. S7i22in1 e>2atiation on 2rose(-tion stor,) a 3i1nette of fa(ts as -n3eile/ is t+at on 1;.0;.2008 at a4o-t 0?:&0 P.5. onl, "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar) "r. N-2-r Tal'ar) 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ $e0ra. 'ere last seen in t+e +o-se 4, %0es+ S+ar0a) t+e /ri3er of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ in t+e 0ornin1 of 1=.0;.2008 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as fo-n/ /ea/ in +er 4e/roo0) '+i(+ 'as a/.a(ent to t+e 4e/roo0 of a((-se/ 2ersons an/ in 4et'een t+ese 4e/roo0s t+ere 'as a 'oo/en 2artition 'all. T+e /ea/ 4o/, of /o0esti( ser3ant $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ on t+e terra(e of t+e +o-se on 17.0.2008 an/ t+ere is not+in1 to s-11est t+at intr-/er(s) 2er2etrate/ t+is fien/is+ an/ fla1itio-s (ri0e. 8e' 2refator, fa(ts ne(essar, for -nfol/in1 t+e se@-en(e of e3ents t+at follo'e/ after t+e t'in 0-r/ers are t+at on 1=.0;.2008 at a4o-t 0=:00 6.5. +o-se0ai/ S0t. B+arti 5an/al arri3e/ as -s-al at 8lat No. #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar an/ ran1 t+e (all-4ell of t+e +o-se 4-t no res2onse (a0e fro0 insi/e. 6fter 2ressin1 t+e (all-4ell se(on/ ti0e) s+e 'ent -2stairs to ta7e 0o22in1 4-(7et. T+ereafter) s+e 2-t +er +an/ on t+e o-ter 1rill/0es+ /oor 4-t it /i/ not o2en. S-4se@-ent to t+at) s+e a1ain 2resse/ t+e (all-4ell an/ t+en "r. N-2-r Tal'ar after o2enin1 t+e 'oo/en /oor (a0e near t+e 1rill /oor/0es+ /oor
Pa1e 2
sit-ate/ in t+e 2assa1e an/ en@-ire/ a4o-t t+e '+erea4o-ts of $e0ra. to '+i(+ s+e re2lie/ t+at s+e +a/ no i/ea of +i0 an/ t+en "r. N-2-r Tal'ar tol/ +er t+at $e0ra. 0i1+t +a3e 1one to fet(+ 0il7 fro0 5ot+er-"air, after lo(7in1 t+e 0i//le 1rill/0es+ /oor fro0 o-tsi/e an/ s+e (o-l/ 'ait -ntil +e ret-rne/. T+ere-2on) S0t. B+arti 5an/al as7e/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar to 1i3e +er 7e,s so t+at s+e 0a, (o0e insi/e t+e +o-se after -nlo(7in1 t+e sa0e an/ t+en "r. N-2-r Tal'ar tol/ +er to 1o to t+e 1ro-n/ le3el an/ s+e 'o-l/ 4e t+ro'in1 7e,s to +er fro0 4al(on,. 6((or/in1l,) S0t. B+arti 5an/al (a0e /o'n t+e stairs an/ rea(+e/ t+e 1ro-n/ le3el. 5ean'+ile) "r. N-2-r Tal'ar o2ene/ t+e lat(+ of 0i//le 1rill/0es+ /oor an/ tol/ +er fro0 4al(on, t+at t+e /oor is not lo(7e/ an/ onl, lat(+e/ fro0 o-tsi/e an/ t+en S0t. B+arti 5an/al (a0e 4a(7 an/ o2ene/ t+e lat(+ of t+e /oor an/ (a0e insi/e t+e +o-se an/ t+en t+ereafter) "r. N-2-r Tal'ar tol/ S0t. B+arti ADekho Hemraj Kya karke gaya hai (Look here, what has been done by Hemraj). !+en 0ai/ S0t. B+arti 'ent in 6ar-s+iBs roo0 s+e sa' t+at /ea/ 4o/, of 6ar-s+i 'as l,in1 on t+e 4e/ an/ (o3ere/ 'it+ a '+ite 4e/ s+eet an/ +er t+roat 'as slit. S+e 1ot fri1+tene/. T+ereafter) s+e 'ent /o'n t+e stairs an/ infor0e/ t+e in0ate of t+e +o-se sit-ate/ in first floor. 6fter t+at) s+e left t+e +o-se to /o +er .o4 in anot+er +o-se. B, t+at ti0e) t+e 2arents of "r. N-2-r Tal'ar an/ "r. "ines+ Tal'ar) t+e 4rot+er of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar rea(+e/ t+ere. <ne 5r. P-nis+ Rai Tan/on) resi/ent of #-28) Se(tor 2;) 9al3a,- :i+ar also rea(+e/ t+ere at a4o-t 0=:1; 6.5. an/ after (o0in1 4a(7 to +is +o-se
Pa1e &
tele2+one/ to t+e (on(ier1e of 9al3a,- :i+ar to infor0 t+e Poli(e re1ar/in1 t+e o((-rren(e. 6((or/in1l,) 5r. :iren/ra Sin1+) t+e se(-rit, 1-ar/ rea(+e/ t+ere an/ +e 'as infor0e/ 4, "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar t+at after (o00ittin1 t+e 0-r/er of 6ar-s+i) t+e ser3ant $e0ra. +as fle/ a'a,. T+ereafter) 5r. :iren/ra Sin1+ (a0e 4a(7 to Cate No.01 '+ere Consta4le Pa'an 0et +i0 an/ +e 'as infor0e/ a4o-t t+e in(i/ent. T+ere-2on) Consta4le Pa'an infor0e/ S-4-Ins2e(tor) In-(+ar1e Poli(e <-t2ost 9al3a,- :i+ar. S.I. 5r. Ba(+(+oo Sin1+ '+o rea(+e/ to t+e +o-se of t+e a((-se/ at a4o-t 07:&0 6.5. '+ere S.P.(Cit,)) C.<.(Cit,)) <ffi(er-in-(+ar1e Poli(e Station) Se(tor 20) N.<.I.".6.) Consta4le Pa'an D-0ar an/ t+e fa0il, 0e04ers an/ relati3es of t+e /e(ease/ 0et +i0. 5ean'+ile) "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar /elate/ t+e 0atter 'it+ t+e Poli(e Station) Se(tor 20) N.<.I.".6. statin1 t+erein t+at +e li3es in #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar) Se(tor 2;) N.<.I.".6.) alon1 'it+ +is 'ife an/ /a-1+ter 6ar-s+i. T+e ser3ant $e0ra.) '+o +ails fro0 Ne2al -se/ to li3e in one roo0 of t+e sai/ +o-se. $is /a-1+ter 6ar-s+i) a1e/ a4o-t 14 ,ears 'as slee2in1 in +er 4e/roo0 in t+e 2re(e/in1 ni1+t 4-t in t+e 0ornin1 s+e 'as fo-n/ /ea/ in +er 4e/) +a3in1 in(ise/ 'o-n/s in +er t+roat. T+e ser3ant +as (o00itte/ t+e 0-r/er of +is /a-1+ter '+o is 0issin1 sin(e ni1+t an/ t+erefore) t+e re2ort 4e lo/1e/ an/ a(tion ta7en. <n t+e 4asis of t+is re2ort Case Cri0e No. =?; of 2008 -/S &02 I.P.C. 'as re1istere/ a1ainst $e0ra. an/ t+e s-4stan(e of t+e infor0ation 'as re(or/e/ in C.". No. 12 at 07:10 6.5. on 1=.0;.2008.
Pa1e 4
T+e in3esti1ation of t+e (ase 'as ta7en -2 4, S.I. "ata Ra0 Na-naria) t+e Station $o-se <ffi(er of Poli(e Station) Se(tor 20) N.<.I.".6.) '+o /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of in3esti1ation 2ro(ee/e/ to t+e s(ene of (ri0e) ins2e(te/ t+e 4e/roo0 of t+e /e(ease/ 6ar-s+i an/ re(or/e/ t+e state0ents of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar. 5ean'+ile) Poli(e <ffi(er S.I. Ba(+(+oo Sin1+)<ffi(er-In-(+ar1e of Poli(e <-t2ost 9al,a3- :i+ar of Poli(e Station Se(tor 20 an/ 2osse (o0itat-s /ra'n fro0 ot+er Poli(e Stations also rea(+e/ t+ere. <n ins2e(tion of 4e/ roo0 of 5s. 6ar-s+i it 'as fo-n/ t+at t+e /ea/ 4o/, of t+e /e(ease/ 'as l,in1 in t+e 4e/) +er t+roat 'as slit 4, a s+ar2-e/1e/ 'ea2on) +er +ea/ 'as on 2illo' an/ 4e/ s+eet an/ 0attress 'ere soa7e/ 'it+ 4loo/) +er T-S+irt (%22er 1ar0ent) 'as a4o3e t+e 'aist) tro-ser 'as .-st 4elo' +er 'aist an/ t'ine of tro-ser -ntie/ 4-t t+e arti(les of t+e roo0 'ere fo-n/ 2ro2erl, arran1e/ an/ 2la(e/ in or/er. T+e 4loo/ s2latters 'ere t+ere on t+e 'all 4e+in/ t+e +ea/rest of 6ar-s+iEs 4e/. T+e ser3i(es of Consta4le C+-nni #al Ca-ta0 'ere re@-isitione/ '+o on 1=.0;.2008 at a4o-t 08.00 6.5. too7 t+e 2+oto1ra2+s of roo0 of 6ar-s+i an/ lo44,. $e also too7 fin1er 2rints on 4ottle of '+is7,) 2late) 1lasses) roo0 of $e0ra.) t'o 4ottle of li@-or) one 4ottle of s2rite an/ 0ain /oor. In@-est on t+e /ea/ 4o/, of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as +el/ 4, S.I. Ba(+(+oo Sin1+) 4et'een 8.00 6.5. to 10.00 6.5. in t+e 2resen(e of Pan(+ 'itnesses. T+ereafter) 4o/, 'as seale/ an/ sent to t+e 0or1-e for Post-0orte0 e>a0ination t+o-1+ Consta4le Ra. Pal Sin1+ an/ Pa'an D-0ar alon1 'it+ ne(essar,
Pa1e ;
2a2ers. "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re) 5e/i(al <ffi(er) In(+ar1e of Pri0ar, $ealt+ Centre) Se(tor 22) N.<.I.".6. (on/-(te/ a-to2s, on t+e (a/a3er of 5s. 6ar-s+i 4et'een 12.00 oB (lo(7 in t+e noon till 01:&0 P.5. T+e /e(ease/ 'as a1e/ a4o-t 14 ,ears) ri1or 0ortis 'as 2resent in 4ot+ -22er li04 an/ lo'er li04. S+e 'as a3era1e 4-ilt) 4ot+ e,es 'ere (on1este/. !+itis+ /is(+ar1e 'as fo-n/ in t+e 3a1ina. T+e follo'in1 ante-0orte0 in.-ries 'ere fo-n/ on t+e 2erson of t+e /e(ease/ 6ar-s+i:
1) #a(erate/ 'o-n/ 4 (0. > & (0.) 1 (0.
a4o3e left e,e 4ro' on frontal re1ion. T+is in.-r, 'as enterin1 into s7-ll (a3it,.
2) In(ise/ 'o-n/ 2 (0. > 1 (0. on left e,e
4ro'
&) #a(erate/ 'o-n/ 8 (0. > 2 (0. on left
2arietal re1ion
4) In(ise/ 'o-n/ 14 (0. > = (0. on ne(7)
a4o3e t+,roi/ (artila1e. Tra(+ea 2artiall, in(ise/. T+is 'o-n/ 'as & (0. a'a, fro0 left ear an/ = (0. a'a, fro0 ri1+t ear an/ 4 (0. 4elo' (+in. #eft (aroti/ arter, 'as slit. <n internal e>a0ination) t+ere 'as fra(t-re in left 2arietal 4one. $ae0ato0a 8 (0. > ; (0. 'as 2resent 4elo' 2arietal 4one. Si0ilar +ae0ato0a 'as fo-n/ on ri1+t si/e of s7-ll) tra(+ea 'as 2artiall, (-t) 4ot+ t+e (+a04ers of +eart 'ere e02t,) l-n1s 'ere nor0al. T+e /e(ease/ 'as +a3in1 teet+ 1; > 1;. <eso2+a1-s an/ Peritone-0 'ere nor0al. Se0i-/i1este/ foo/ 'as fo-n/. T+e /e(ease/ +a/ /ie/ a4o-t 12-18 +o-rs 4efore /-e to +,2o3ole0ia. :is(era of sto0a(+ 'it+ (ontents) 2ie(e of s0all intestine) 2ie(e of li3er 'it+ 1all
Pa1e =
4la//er) 2ie(e of one 7i/ne, 'as 2reser3e/ an/ sent for e>a0ination. :a1inal sli/es 'ere 2re2are/. "-rin1 in3esti1ation S.I. "ata Ra0 Na-naria seiFe/ t+e 4loo/ staine/ 2illo') 4e/ s+eet an/ 2ie(es of 0attress fro0 t+e roo0 of 6ar-s+i in t+e 2resen(e of 'itnesses 5o+/. 6a0ir an/ "i1a04ar Sin1+ an/ 0e0o 'as 2re2are/. !+ere after) t+e roo0 of $e0ra. 'as sear(+e/ an/ a 4ottle (ontainin1 S-la 'ine) one e02t, 4ottle of Din1fis+er 4eer) a 2lasti( 4ottle of 1reen (olo-r 'ere re(o3ere/ an/ ta7en into 2ossession. <ne Ballentine S(ot(+ 4ottle (ontainin1 so0e li@-or 'as re(o3ere/ fro0 t+e ta4le of /inin1 +all. 6ll t+ese arti(les 'ere seiFe/ an/ a 0e0o 'as 2re2are/ an/ si1nat-res of t+e 'itnesses 5o+/. 6a0ir an/ "i1a04ar Sin1+ 'ere o4taine/ t+ereon. 6 site-2lan 'as also 2re2are/ 4, +i0. T+e state0ents of B+arti 5an/al) 9ee3an) 5o+/. 6a0ir) "i1a04ar Sin1+) S+i3ra0) :a7il 6+0a/) 5-Fi4-%r-Ra+0an an/ 67+iles+ C-2ta 'ere ta7en. $e trie/ to 1o to t+e roof of t+e +o-se 4-t t+e /oor of t+e roof 'as fo-n/ lo(7e/ an/ t+e lo(7 'as +a3in1 4loo/ stains. $e as7e/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar to 1i3e t+e 7e,s of lo(7 of t+e /oor of t+e terra(e to +i0 4-t "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar tol/ +i0 t+at +e 'as not +a3in1 t+e 7e,s an/ +e s+o-l/ not 'aste +is ti0e in 4rea7in1 o2en t+e lo(7) else $e0ra. 'ill 0ana1e to flee a'a,. <n 17.0;.2008 "r. "ines+ Tal'ar 'as as7e/ to 2ro3i/e t+e 7e, of t+e lo(7 of t+e /oor of t+e terra(e 4-t +e also tol/ t+at +e +a/ no 7e, 'it+ +i0 an/ t+erefore) t+e In3esti1ator "ata Ra0 Na-naria 4ro7e o2en t+e lo(7 of t+e /oor of t+e terra(e an/ 'ent to t+e terra(e alon1 'it+ D.D. Ca-ta0) a retire/ 2oli(e offi(er) "r. S-s+il
Pa1e 7
C+a-/+ar, an/ "r. "ines+ Tal'ar an/ fo-n/ t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. l,in1 t+ere in a 2ool of 4loo/. T+e /ea/ 4o/, 'as (o3ere/ 'it+ a 2anel of (ooler an/ /ra11in1 0ar7s 'ere 3isi4le. "r. "ines+ Tal'ar 'as tol/ to i/entif, t+e /ea/ 4o/, 4-t +e state/ t+at +e (o-l/ not re(o1niFe t+e /ea/ 4o/,. $o'e3er Ra0 Prasa/) R-/ra #al an/ ot+er 2ersons '+o +a/ 1at+ere/ t+ere i/entifie/ t+e /ea/ 4o/, as t+at of $e0ra.. <n 17.0;.2008 Consta4le C+-nni #al Ca-ta0 too7 t+e 2+oto1ra2+s an/ fin1er 2rints of t+e terra(e. In@-est on t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. 'as +el/ 4, S.I. Ba(+(+oo Sin1+ 4et'i>t 12.&0 to 14.&0 an/) t+ereafter) t+e /ea/ 4o/, 'as seale/ an/ sent to 0ort-ar, t+ro-1+ Consta4le Ra. Pal Sin1+ an/ Pa'an D-0ar alon1 'it+ ne(essar, Poli(e 2a2ers. "r. Nares+ Ra. (on/-(te/ Post-0orte0 e>a0ination of t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. on 17.0;.2008 at a4o-t ?.00 P.5. as 2er or/er of t+e "istri(t 5a1istrate) Ca-ta0 B-/+ Na1ar. T+e /e(ease/ 'as a1e/ a4o-t 4; ,ears an/ a3era1e 4-ilt. Ri1or 0ortis 'as 2resent in t+e -22er an/ lo'er li04s an/ +a/ 2asse/ fro0 +ea/ an/ ne(7. $is e,es 'ere 2rotr-/in1 4ilaterall,. Blee/in1 fro0 nostril an/ 0o-t+ 'as seen. Penis 'as s'ollen. T+e follo'in1 ante-0orte0 in.-ries 'ere fo-n/ on +is 2erson:
1) 64rasion & (0. > 2 (0. 4e+in/ t+e ri1+t
el4o'.
2) 64ra/e/ (ont-sion & (0. > 4 (0. 4e+in/ t+e
left el4o'
&) In(ise/ 'o-n/ on t+e front an/ si/es of ne(7
a4o3e t+e le3el of t+,roi/ (artila1e. T+e 'o-n/ is &0 (0s. lon1 an/ is sit-ate/ ; (0.
Pa1e 8
4elo' ri1+t ear) = (0 4elo' left ear an/ = (0 4elo' t+e (+in. T+e 'o-n/ is in3ol3in1 t+e tra(+ea.
4) 64ra/e/ (ont-sion & (0. > 2 (0. on t+e left
frontal re1ion 2 (0 a4o3e t+e left e,e 4ro'

;) 64ra/e/ (ont-sion 2 (0. > 2 (0. on t+e left
frontal re1ion
=) #a(erate/ 'o-n/ & (0. > 2 (0. > 4one /ee2
on t+e o((i2ital re1ion

7) #a(erate/ 'o-n/ 8 (0. > 2 (0. > 4one /ee2
on t+e o((i2ital re1ion) 1 (0. 4elo' In.-r, No. 0;. <n internal e>a0ination) fra(t-re of o((i2ital 4one 'as seen. Tra(+ea se3ere/ a4o3e t+e t+,roi/ (artila1e. C+a04ers of 4ot+ t+e +eart 'ere e02t,. 64/o0en 'as /isten/e/. T+e /e(ease/ 'as +a3in1 1=/1= teet+. 2; 0l. li@-i/ (ontents 'ere seen in t+e sto0a(+. T+e /e(ease/ /ie/ a4o-t 11/2-2 /a,s 4efore as a res-lt of s+o(7 /-e to +,2o3ole0ia) (a-se/ 4, ante-0orte0 in.-ries. :is(era of sto0a(+ 'it+ (ontents) 2ie(e of s0all intestine) 2ie(e of li3er 'it+ 1all 4la//er) 2ie(e of one s2leen an/ 7i/ne, 'as 2reser3e/. "-rin1 t+e (o-rse of in3esti1ation) a re/ (olo-re/ 'ater of (ooler 'as ta7en in a 4ottle an/ its 0e0o 'as 2re2are/ in t+e 2resen(e of in/e2en/ent 'itnesses S+i3ra0 an/ "i1a04ar
Sin1+. Bloo/ staine/ an/ 2lain floor of t+e terra(e 'ere also ta7en an/ 0e0o t+ereof 'as 2re2are/ an/ t+e si1nat-re of 'itnesses Ta0an 9eet Sin1+ C+a//+a an/ 6t-l Sa(+/e3a 'ere o4taine/. Site2lan of t+e terra(e 'as also 2re2are/ 4, +i0. <n t+e sa0e /ate t+e state0ents of Ta0an 9eet Sin1+
Pa1e ?
C+a//+a) 6t-l Sa(+/e3a) S+i3 Ra0) :a7il 6+0a/) "i1a04ar Sin1+) "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ "r. "ines+ Tal'ar 'ere ta7en. It 'as fo-n/ fro0 t+e in3esti1ation t+at t+e e3i/en(e of t+e offen(e +as 4een (on(eale/ an/ t+erefore) Se(tion 201 I.P.C. 'as a//e/. Re2ort of sli/es 'as re(ei3e/ on t+at /a,. !+ere after) t+e in3esti1ation 'as transferre/ to 5r. 6nil Sa0ania) S.$.<. of Poli(e Station Se(tor &?) N.<.I.".6. <n 18.0;.2008 Consta4le C+-nni #al too7 t+e 2+oto1ra2+s of /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. fro0 t+e 0ort-ar,. <n 2&.0;.2008 "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as arreste/ 4, t+e lo(al 2oli(e. T+e Co3ern0ent of %ttar Pra/es+ iss-e/ Notifi(ation No. 1?&7-:I-P-&-2008-1;(48) P/2008 /ate/ 2?.0;.2008 1i3in1 (onsent for transfer of in3esti1ation fro0 Poli(e to C.B.I. P-rs-ant to t+at) t+e "e2art0ent of of In/ia) Personnel iss-e/ an/ Trainin1) No. Co3ern0ent Notifi(ation
228/47/2008-6:" II /ate/ &1.0;.2008 '+ere -n/er t+e in3esti1ation of t+e (ase 'as +an/e/ o3er to t+e C.B.I. Conse@-entl,) C.B.I. re1istere/ RC No. 1(S)/2008/SCR-III/CBI/N ! " #$I on &1.0;.2008. T+e in3esti1ation 'as ta7en -2 4, 5r. :i.a, D-0ar) t+e t+en S.P.) C.B.I./SCR-III Ne' "el+i) '+o 'as assiste/ 4, 6//itional S.P. 5r. T. Ra.a4ala.i) ",. S.Ps. 5r. D.S. T+a7-r) R.S. D-reel an/ $ari Sin1+) Ins2e(tors 5.S. P+art,al) Nares+ In/ora) R.D. 9+a) 5-7es+ S+ar0a et(. $e 3isite/ t+e 2la(e of o((-rren(e alon1 'it+ retin-e on 01.0=.2008 an/ on +is /ire(tion Ins2e(tor 5-7es+ S+ar0a 2re2are/ 5e0o of 14 arti(les '+i(+ 'ere seiFe/ an/ seale/. Co2, of t+e 0e0o 'as s-22lie/ to N-2-r Tal'ar. <n 02.0=.2008 on +is /ire(tions T. Ra.a Bala.i) Nares+
Pa1e 10
In/ora)
tea0
of
C.8.S.#.
e>2erts)
in/e2en/ent
'itnesses 5ano. D-0ar an/ San.ee3 D-0ar too7 in 2ossession t+e 4loo/ staine/ 2al0 2rint on 'all of t+e terra(e an/ its 0e0o 'as 2re2are/. <n 1&.0=.2008 Dris+na 'as arreste/. <n 14.0=.2008 ",. S.P. 5r. D-reel) 6n-. 6r,a) Ins2e(tor R.D. 9+a) S.D. Sin1la an/ B.D. 5o+a2atra) t+e s(ientists an/ P+oto1ra2+er 5r. Ca-ta0 of C.8.S.#. ins2e(te/ t+e ser3ant @-arter of Dris+na in $o-se No. #-14) Se(tor 2;) N.<.I.".6. an/ t+ree arti(les 'ere seiFe/) seale/ an/ ta7en into 2ossession. <n 18.0=.2008 5r. $ari Sin1+ '+o 'as 2art of t+e in3esti1atin1 tea0) on /ire(tion of t+e (+ief in3esti1ator 5r. :i.a, D-0ar seiFe/ +alf Pant an/ T-s+irt of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar) 1o'n an/ 4at+roo0 sli22ers of "r. N-2-r Tal'ar an/ 4 set of s+oes of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar. <n 27.0=.2008 Ra. D-0ar 'as (ollare/. <n 11.07.2008 :i.a, 5an/al 'as also a22re+en/e/. <n 0?.0=.2008 2s,(+olo1i(al test of Dris+na 'as -n/erta7en in 6.I.I.5.S) Ne' "el+i. <n 12.0=.2008 Brain-0a22in1) Nar(o-anal,sis an/ Pol,1ra2+ tests of Dris+na 'ere (on/-(te/ at 8orensi( S(ien(e #a4orator,) Ban1alore. <n 11.07.2008 C.B.I. file/ re2ort -n/er se(tion 1=? Cr.P.C. in t+e (o-rt of #earne/ S2e(ial 9-/i(ial 5a1istrate (C.B.I.)) C+aFia4a/ an/ a((or/in1l, "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as release/ fro0 (-sto/,. Sin(e 5r. :i.a, D-0ar 'as 4it off) t+e in3esti1ation 'as transferre/ on 2;.08.2008 to Ins2e(tor 5r. 5.S. P+art,al) '+o in3esti1ate/ t+e (ase till 1&.0&.200? an/ /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of in3esti1ation) +e re(or/e/ t+e state0ents of 'itnesses San.a, C+a-+an) Ra3in/ra T,a1i) "r. Ri(+a Sa>ena) San7al2 6rora) R-/ra #al) Na3neet Da-s+i7) 6fFal D+an) S.I. B.R.
Pa1e 11
Da7ran) Consta4le Ra. Pal) S.I. "ata Ra0 Na-naria) S.I. Ba(+(+oo Sin1+) "r. S.C. Sin1+al) P-nis+ Rai Tan/on) "r. S-neel D-0ar "o+re an/ Dri2a S+an7ar Tri2at+i. $e 'as assiste/ in t+e in3esti1ation 4, Ins2e(tor Ri(++ Pal Sin1+) Ins2e(tor Pan7a. Bansal) Ins2e(tor N.R. 5eena an/ S.I. Gatis+ S+ar0a. T+ereafter) +e 'as transferre/ to C.B.I.) 6.C.B.) "e+ra/-n an/ +en(e in3esti1ation 'as transferre/ to Ins2e(tor Ri(++ Pal Sin1+) '+o (on/-(te/ in/e2en/ent in3esti1ation fro0 5ar(+ 200? to first 'ee7 of Se2te04er 200? alt+o-1+ +e 'as assistin1 I.<. fro0 t+e in(e2tion. 6fter t+at) t+e in3esti1ation 'as 0a/e o3er to 5r. 6.C.#. Da-l) ",. S.P.) C.B.I.) SC-III) '+o in t+e (o-rse of in3esti1ation ins2e(te/ t+e s(ene of (ri0e) (reate/ e-0ail I"+e0ra...al3a,-3i+arH10ail.(o0 to re0ain in to-(+ 'it+ t+e a((-se/ an/ a1ain re(or/e/ t+e state0ents of rele3ant 'itnesses. $e also /ire(te/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar to 2ro/-(e 1olf sti(7s. Prior to t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as en@-ire/ a4o-t one 0issin1 1olf sti(7 4-t +e +a/ not 1i3en satisfa(tor, e>2lanation t+ereof. T+e 1olf sti(7s 'ere sent to C.8.S.#. for e>a0ination. S.P.) C.B.I.) "e+ra/-n +a/ as7e/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar t+at '+en one 1olf sti(7 'as 0issin1 t+en +o' +e +a/ 2ro/-(e/ t+e (o02lete set) t+en on 4e+alf of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar one 6.a, C+a//+a +a/ sent an e-0ail fro0 +is e-0ail I" a.a,H0e/i(onF.(o0 to 5r. Da-l inti0atin1 t+erein t+at one 1olf sti(7 'as fo-n/ in t+e atti( o22osite to t+e roo0 of 6ar-s+i /-rin1 (leanin1 of t+e flat. <n e>a0ination of 1olf sti(7s) it 'as fo-n/ t+at t'o 1olf sti(7s 'ere (leaner t+an ot+ers. T+ese 1olf sti(7s 'ere 1ot i/entifie/ 4, %0es+ S+ar0a) t+e /ri3er of
Pa1e 12
"r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar) '+o state/ t+at sai/ t'o 1olf sti(7s 'ere 7e2t 4, +i0 in t+e roo0 of $e0ra.. T+e i/entifi(ation 2ro(ee/in1 'as (on/-(te/ in t+e 2resen(e of 'itness #a>0an Sin1+. "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ tol/ +i0 t+at t+e 4oo7 title/ IT+ree 0ista7es of 0, lifeB 'as in t+e 4e/ of 6ar-s+i at t+e ti0e of +er 0-r/er. "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +an/e/ o3er t+e sai/ 4oo7 an/ (arton of 0o4ile set of 6ar-s+i to Ins2e(tor 6r3in/ 9aitle,. T+e I.5. .I. No. of t+is 0o4ile set '+i(+ 'as -se/ 4, 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as 2rinte/ on (ar/-4oar//(arton an/ t+e sa0e 0o4ile set +a3in1 t+is I.5. .I. No. 'as re(o3ere/ later on. In t+e 4oo7 no 4loo/ or "N6 'as tra(e/. 5r. Da-l also (on/-(te/ a /-00, test an/ its 0e0o 'as 2re2are/. 6fter (o02letin1 t+e in3esti1ation 5r. Da-l rea(+e/ to t+e (on(l-sion t+at t+ese t'in 0-r/ers 'ere (o00itte/ 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/ not 4, Dris+na) Ra.7-0ar an/ :i.a, 5an/al or an, ot+er o-tsi/er. $o'e3er) on inter3entions of s-2er sle-t+s of C.B.I. (los-re re2ort 'as lai/ 4, 5r. Da-l in t+e (o-rt of #earne/ S2e(ial 9-/i(ial 5a1istrate (C.B.I.)) C+aFia4a/ on 2?.12.2010/01.01.2011 '+o on re(ei2t of t+e sai/ re2ort iss-e/ noti(e to t+e infor0ant-"r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar) '+o 4ein1 a11rie3e/ 4, an/ /issatisfie/ 'it+ t+e (los-re re2ort file/ 2rotest 2etition see7in1 i02etrator, relief to /ire(t C.B.I. for (arr,in1 o-t f-rt+er in3esti1ation 4-t t+e sa0e 'as re.e(te/. T+e (los-re re2ort 'as also re.e(te/ 4, t+e #earne/ 5a1istrate on 0?.02.2011 an/ too7 (o1niFan(e of t+e offen(e -n/er se(tion 1?0 (1)(4) of t+e (o/e of (ri0inal 2ro(e/-re an/ s-00one/ 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 2ersons to stan/ trial for offen(es 2-nis+a4le -n/er
Pa1e 1&
se(tions &02/&4 an/ 201/&4 IPC. T+e sai/ or/er 'as (+allen1e/ in t+e $onB4le $i1+ Co-rt) 6lla+a4a/ 4-t 'it+o-t s-((ess. T+ereafter) t+e 0atter 'as (arrie/ to t+e $onB4le S-2re0e Co-rt) '+ere also it 0et its 'aterloo an/ t+e or/er 2asse/ 4, t+e #earne/ 5a1istrate 'as finall, affir0e/ an/ re(ei3e/ t+e imprimatur of t+e $onE4le Co-rt 62e>. T+e (ase) 4ein1 e>(l-si3el, tria4le 4, t+e (o-rt of sessions 'as (o00itte/ to t+e (o-rt of sessions 4, t+e or/er /ate/ 0?.0;.2012 2asse/ 4, t+e #earne/ S2e(ial 9-/i(ial 5a1istrate (CBI)) C+aFia4a/. 6((or/in1l,) t+e (ase 'as re1istere/ in t+e learne/ Co-rt of Sessions) C+aFia4a/ on 10.0;.2012 an/ s-4se@-entl, 0a/e o3er to t+is (o-rt sa0e /a,) an/) t+-s t+e ine>ora4le (o-rse of la' +as ta7en t+e a((-se/ to t+is (o-rt. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ 'ere (+ar1e/ for offen(es 2-nis+a4le -n/er se(tion &02 rea/ 'it+ se(tion &4 an/ se(tion 201 rea/ 'it+ se(tion &4 I.P.C. T+ere'it+al) "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as also (+ar1e/ for offen(e 2-nis+a4le -n/er se(tion 20& I.P.C. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ a4.-re/ t+eir 1-ilt an/ (lai0e/ to 4e trie/. T+e 2rose(-tion in s-22ort P.!.-1 of t+e
a((-sations/(+ar1es
e>a0ine/
Consta4le
C+-nni #al Ca-ta0) P.!.-2 Ra.es+ D-0ar) P.!.-& 60ar "e3 Sa+) P.!.-4 San.a, C+a-+an) P.!.-; "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re) P.!.-= "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra) P.!.-7 D.D. Ca-ta0) P.!.-8 S+o+rat) P.!.-? :iren/ra Sin1+) P.!.-10 5rs. B+arti 5an/al) P.!.-11 Dri2a S+an7ar Tri2at+i) P.!.-12 P-nis+ Rai Ton/on) P.!.-1& "r. Ra.ee3 D-0ar :ars+ne,) P.!.-14 "r. Ro+it Do(+ar) P.!.-1; %0es+ S+ar0a) P.!. 1=Pa1e 14
#a>0an Sin1+) P.!. 17- "ee2a7 Dan/a) P.!.-18 B+-2en/ra Sin1+ 63as,a) P.!.-1? "ee2a7) P.!.-20 :ino/ B+a1'an Ra0 Te7e) P.!.-21 R.D. Sin1+) P.!.-22 5.N. :i.a,an) P.!.-2& 5rs. D-s-0) P.!.-24 S-res+ D-0ar Sin1la) P.!.-2; S.P.R. Prasa/) P.!.-2= "ee2a7 D-0ar Tan'ar) P.!.-27 "r. Ra.en/ra Sin1+) P.!.-28 Consta4le Pa'an D-0ar) P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra) P.!.-&0 "r. "ines+ D-0ar) P.!.-&1 $ari Sin1+) P.!.-&2 Ri(++ Pal Sin1+) P.!.-&& S.I. Ba(+(+- Sin1+) P.!.-&4 S.I. "ata Ra0 Na-naria) P.!.-&; Ins2e(tor 5.S. P+art,al) P.!.-&= "r. Nares+ Ra.) P.!.-&7 :i.a, D-0ar) P.!.-&8 "r. 5o+in/er Sin1+ "a+i,a an/ P.!.-&? 6.C.#. Da-l. P.!.-2 +as 2ro3e/ +is letter as >+i4itJDa-1. >+i4it J
P.!.-& +as 2ro3e/ e>a0ination re2ort as re2ort as as
Da-2. P.!.-; +as 2ro3e/ 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination >+i4itJDa-&) entr, of 2ost0orte0 no. &;=/8 /ate/ 1=.0;.2008 in t+e Post-5orte0 Re1ister >+i4itJDa-4) entr, at serial no. ;& of :is(era >+i4itJDa-;. P.!.-= +as 2ro3e/ +is >+i4itJ Re1ister as
e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ 1?.0=.2008 as Ra, as
Da-=) letter /ate/ 1?.0=.2008 of S0t. Bi4+a Rani >+i4itJDa-7) e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ 01.07.2008 as >+i4itJDa-8) letter /ate/ 02.07.2008 of S0t. Bi4+a Rani Ra, as >+i4itJDa-?) e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ &0.0=.2008 as >+i4itJDa-10)letter /ate/ &0.0=.2008 of S0t. Bi4+a Rani Ra, as >+i4itJ Da-11) e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ 21.07.2008 as >+i4itJDa-12)e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ 1;.10.200? as >+i4itJDa-1&)e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ 1;.07.2010 as >+i4itJDa-14. P.!.-11 +as 2ro3e/ >+i4itJDa-1;)
Pa1e 1;
t+e 2+oto(o2, of entr, /ate/ 1=.0;.2008 0a/e at 2a1e no.18 of (re0ation re1ister as
P.!.-1& +as 2ro3e/ +is state0ent re(or/e/ -n/er se(tion 1=4 Cr.P.C. as Cr.P.C. as >+i4itJDa-1=. P.!.-14 +as 2ro3e/ +is state0ent re(or/e/ -n/er se(tion 1=4 >+i4it J Da-17. P.!.- 1= +as 2ro3e/ 1olf >+i4itJDa-18. P.!.-17 (l-4s i/entifi(ation 0e0o as
+as 2ro3e/ 2rint o-t of e-0ail sent to 5r. Neela4+ Dis+ore as >+i4itJDa-1?) 2rint o-t of e-0ail sent 4, 5r. Neela4+ Di+sore as of internet lo1 as +as 2ro3e/ >+i4itJDa-20) 2rint o-t of 4ill an/ (all /etails re(or/ as >+i4itJDa-21) 2rint o-t >+i4itJDa-22. P.!.-18 +as 2ro3e/ >+i4itJDa-2&. P.!.-1? se(tion =;-B of -n/er letter /ate/ 21.0?.2010 as (ertifi(ate 3i/en(e 6(t as as
>+i4itJDa-24) 2rint o-t of (all
/etails re(or/ 2ertainin1 to 0o4ile no. ????1010?4 >+i4itJDa-2;) (ertifi(ate -n/er se(tion =;-B of >+i4itJDa-2=) 2rint o-t of (all +as +is 2ro3e/ letter +is >+i4itJ /ate/ 3i/en(e 6(t as as Da-28.
/etails re(or/ 2ertainin1 to 0o4ile no. ?8??;;;??? >+i4itJDa-27.P.!.-20 P.!.-21 +as 2ro3e/ e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ 18.0=.2008 as
08.08.2008 as >+i4itJDa-2?)2+oto(o2, of (ons-0er a22li(ation for0 of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar relatin1 to 0o4ile no. ??10;20=&0 as >+i4itJDa-&0)2+oto(o2, of (ons-0er a22li(ation for0 of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar relatin1 to 0o4ile no. ?871;;72&; as >+i4itJDa-&1) 2+oto(o2, of (ons-0er a22li(ation for0 of Ra7es+ 6rora relatin1 to 0o4ile no. ?810;0??11 as >+i4itJ Da-&2) 2+oto(o2, of (ons-0er a22li(ation for0 of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar relatin1 to 0o4ile no. ?871=2;74= as >+i4itJDa-&&)2+oto(o2, of (ons-0er a22li(ation as >+i4itJDa-&4)2+oto(o2, of for0 of "r. Praf-ll "-rrani relatin1 to 0o4ile no. ??10==?;40 (ons-0er a22li(ation for0 of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar
Pa1e 1=
relatin1 to 0o4ile no. ?8100&7?2= as >+i4itJDa-&;) 2rint o-t of (all /etails re(or/ of 0o4ile no. ??10;20=&0 ?871=2;74= ?8100&7?2= ?871;;72&; ?810&022?8 ?8101=;0?2 ?810178071 ?8100?=24= ??10==?;40 as ?810;0??11 as as as as as as as as as >+i4itJDa-&=)0o4ile >+i4itJDa-&7)0o4ile >+i4itJDa-&8)0o4ile >+i4itJDa-&?)0o4ile >+i4itJDa-40)0o4ile >+i4itJDa-41)0o4ile >+i4itJDa-42)0o4ile >+i4itJDa-4&)0o4ile >+i4itJDa-44 an/ 0o4ile no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no. no.
>+i4it J Da-4;. P.!.-22 +as 2ro3e/ >+i4it J Da-4=) 2rint of (ons-0er
+is letter /ate/ 18.11.2010 as as >+i4itJDa-47 an/
o-t of (all /etails re(or/s of 0o4ile no. ?21&;1;48; 2+oto(o2, a22li(ation for0 of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar relatin1 to +is 0o4ile no. ?21&;1;48; as 2&.0=.2008 as letter /ate/ >+i4itJDa-48. P.!.-24 +as 2ro3e/ +is serolo1i(al e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ >+i4itJDa-4?. P.!.-2; +as 2ro3e/ 0=.11.2008 of "ire(tor of >+i4itJDa-;0)re2ort /ate/
C.".8.".)$,/era4a/ as
0=.11.2008 of C.".8.".) $,/era4a/ as >+i4itJDa-;1) (larifi(ator, letter /ate/ 24.0&.2011 of "r. N. 5a/+-s-/an Re//, of C.".8.".) $,/era4a/ as >+i4itJDa-;2) 1olf sti(7s e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ 1&.07.2010 as as >+i4itJDa-;&) /ia1ra0 of 1olf sti(7s >+i4itJDa-;4)0e0o of e>2eri0ents relatin1 to
(arria1e of /ea/ 4o/, as >+i4itJ Da-;;. P.!.-27 +as 2ro3e/ +is (ri0e s(ene re(onstr-(tion re2ort /ate/ 1=.12.2012 as >+i4itJDa-;=) o4ser3ation 0e0o >+i4it J relatin1 to (ri0e s(ene re(onstr-(tion as
Da-;7 an/ (ri0e s(ene ins2e(tion re2ort as >+i4it J Da-;8. P.!.-&0 +as 2ro3e/ letter of 5r. Dan/2al of
Pa1e 17
5a-lana 6Fa/ Instit-te of "ental S(ien(es) Ne' "el+i as >+i4itJDa-;?. P.!.-&1 +as 2ro3e/ seiF-re >+i4itJDa-=0. P.!.-&2 0e0o /ate/ 18.0=.2008 as
+as 2ro3e/ 0e0o /ate/ &0.10.200? 2ertainin1 to seiF-re of 12 1olf (l-4s) re(ei2t 0e0o /ate/ 02.07.2008 an/ seiF-re 0e0o /ate/ 1&.0?.200? as >+i4its Da =1-=& res2e(ti3el,. P.!.-&& +as 2ro3e/ in@-est re2ort of t+e /ea/ 4o/, of t+e /e(ease/ 5s. 6ar-s+i as >+i4it J Da-=4) 2oli(e 8or0 No. 1& as re2ort of C.5.<. as >+i4itJ >+i4itJDa-=;) /ia1ra0/s7et(+ of /ea/ 4o/, as >+i4itJDa-==) Da-=7)s2e(i0en seal i02ression as >+i4itJDa-=8)
en/orse0ent on 4a(7 of 2oli(e 8or0 No. 1& as >+i4itJDa-=?) ori1inal (+i7 8.I.R. of Poli(e Station Se(tor 20) N.<.I.".6. as re2ort of C.5.<. as of /ea/ 4o/, as as 8or0 No. 1& as 5a1istrate) >+i4itJDa-70) in@-est >+i4itJDa-71) re2ort of t+e /e(ease/ $e0ra. as
>+i4it J Da-72) /ia1ra0/ s7et(+
>+i4itJDa-7&) 2oli(e 8or0 No. 1& >+i4itJDa-7;) or/er of t+e "istri(t Na1ar for (on/-(tin1 >+i4it J
>+i4itJDa-74) en/orse0ent on 4a(7 of 2oli(e Ca-ta04-/+
2ost0orte0 e>a0ination in t+e ni1+t as 1=.0;.2008 of 07.10 6.5. as 0e0o /ate/ 1=.0;.2008 as site-2lan as
Da-7=. P.!.-&4 +as 2ro3e/ C.". No. 12 /ate/ >+i4itJDa-77) seiF-re >+i4itJDa-78)anot+er >+i4itJDa-7?) >+i4itJ
seiF-re 0e0o /ate/ 1=.0;.2008 as
>+i4it JDa-80) (ar4on (o2, of letter
sent to C.5.<.) Ca-ta0 B-/+ Na1ar as /oor of terra(e an/ its seiF-re as
Da-81) 0e0o re1ar/in1 4rea7in1 o2en of lo(7 of t+e >+i4itJ Da-82) 0e0o re1ar/in1 ta7in1 of 'ater of (ooler as >+i4itJ Da-8&) 0e0o re1ar/in1 ta7in1 of 4loo/ staine/ an/ 2lain floor as >+i4it J Da-84 an/ si1+t 2lan of
Pa1e 18
terra(e as >+i4itJDa-8;. P.!.-&; +as 2ro3e/ seiF-re 0e0o /ate/ 01.0=.2008 as >+i4itJDa-8=) 0e0o /ate/ 0;.11.2008 re1ar/in1 re(ei2t of 2+oto(o2, of as+es-re1ister of (re0atori-0 of N.<.I.".6. as >+i4it J Da-87. P.!.-&= +as 2ro3e/ 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of $e0ra. as >+i4itJDa-88. P.!.-&7 +as 2ro3e/ (+i7 8.I.R. of RC No.1(S)/2008 as >+i4itJDa-8?)ins2e(tion 0e0o /ate/ 01.0=.2008 of t+e s(ene of (ri0e as 0e0o as >+i4itJDa-?0) (ri0e s(ene of ser3ant >+i4itJ /ate/ (terra(e of 8lat No. #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar) e>a0ination >+i4itJDa-?1)ins2e(tion @-arter of $o-se No. #-14) Se(tor 2; an/ ins2e(tion (-0 seiF-re 0e0o /ate/ 14.0=.2008 as re2ort as >+i4itJDa-?& an/ +is letter Da-?2. P.!.-&8 +as 2ro3e/ (ri0e s(ene anal,sis 2=.10.200? as >+i4itJDa-?4. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e a/0itte/ t+e 1en-ineness of re2ort of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar a//resse/ to S.$.<.)Poli(e Station Se(tor-20) N.<.I.".6. an/ +en(e it 'as 0ar7e/ as >+i4itJ Da-?;. P.!.-&? +as 2ro3e/ 2rint o-t of e-0ail sent 4, 6.a, C+a//+a to +i0 as >+i4itJDa-?=) Pro/-(tion (-0 seiF-re 0e0o /ate/ 2=.0?.200? as Da-?7 an/ (los-re re2ort as "r. 6n/rei Se0i7+o/s7ii) >+i4itJ >+i4itJDa-?8. T+e "ire(tor) 5e/i(al
learne/ 2-4li( 2rose(-tor +as 1ot 2ro3e/ e-0ail of Ceno0i(s) #on/on sent to t+is (o-rt an/ e-0ail of "r. 6n/rei Se0i7+o/s7ii sent on 10.0=.2010 to S.P.) C.B.I.) 6CB) "e+ra/-n 4, ".!.-7 an/ +en(e t+e, are res2e(ti3el, 0ar7e/ as >+i4itsJDa-?? an/ Da-100. P.!.-1 +as also 2ro3e/ 2& 2+oto1ra2+s as 0aterial 0aterial >+i4its-1 to 2&) 2; ne1ati3es as 0aterial >+i4it-4?) ta1 as 0aterial >+i4it-;0)
Pa1e 1?
>+i4its-24 to 48. P.!.-& +as 2ro3e/ (arton as
4ottle of s(ot(+ '+is7, as 0aterial 0aterial
>+i4it-;1)
2ol,t+ene 'it+ '+i(+ t+is 4ottle 'as 'ra22e/ as >+i4it-;2) en3elo2e insi/e '+i(+ t+is >+i4it-;&. P.!.-= "r. >+i4it-;;) e02t, 4ottle 'as 7e2t as 0aterial
B.D. 5o+a2atra +as 2ro3e/ en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-;4) 4e/ s+eet as 0aterial 0aterial en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-;=) 2illo' 'it+ (o3er as >+i4it-;7) 2ie(e of 0attress as 0aterial >+i4it-;?) en3elo2e of 2ar(el as >+i4it-;8) (on(rete 0aterial in(l-si3e of (ontainer as 0aterial 0aterial >+i4it-=0) one seale/ (lot+ as 0aterial >+i4it-=2) 2ar(el as 0aterial >+i4it-=4) >+i4it-=7) 0aterial as
>+i4it-=1) s(rat(+e/ 0aterial of floor alon1 'it+ (ontainer as 0aterial lo(7 as 0aterial >+i4it-=&) one (lot+ of seal as 0aterial >+i4it-==) one (lot+ of seal as 0aterial s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial of 4eer of as Din1fis+er 0aterial Co02an, >+i4it-70) as
>+i4it-=;) 2ar(el as 0aterial >+i4it-=8) e02t, 4ottle
>+i4it-=?) 2ol,t+ene 'it+ '+i(+ t+is 4ottle 'as 'ra22e/ 0aterial en3elo2e >+i4it-71) 4ottle of s2rite as 0aterial >+i4it-74) en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-7=) as 0aterial >+i4it-77)en3elo2e
>+i4it-72) 2ol,t+ene as 0aterial >+i4it-7&) (lot+ of seal as 0aterial 2ol,t+ene 0aterial 6ar-s+i 6ar-s+i as >+i4it-7;)S-la 'ine 4ottle as 0aterial
>+i4it-78) 1reen (olo-re/ to2 (s+irt of >+i4it-7?) lo'er (tro-ser) of >+i4it-80) -n/er-'ear ; of >+i4it-81) ear-to2s as as 0aterial 0aterial
6ar-s+i) as 0aterial
(olle(ti3el, 0ar7e/ as as 0aterial 0aterial
>+i4it-82) e02t, 2ol,t+ene >+i4it-84)en3elo2e as
>+i4it-8&) t+e (lot+ in '+i(+ ear-to2s
'ere 'ra22e/ as 0aterial
>+i4it-8;) anot+er en3elo2e as 0aterial

Pa1e 20
>+i4it-8=) T-s+irt of /e(ease/ $e0ra. as 0aterial >+i4it-87) en3elo2e in '+i(+ t+is s+irt 'as 7e2t as 0aterial >+i4it-88) en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-8?) ta1 as 0aterial >+i4it-?0) 2antaloon of $e0ra. as >+i4it-?&) ta1 as >+i4it-?=) anot+er 0aterial >+i4it-?1) en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-?2) anot+er en3elo2e as 0aterial 0aterial >+i4it-?;) en3elo2e as 0aterial en3elo2e as 0aterial 0aterial >+i4it-100) >+i4it-??) anot+er >+i4it-?4) 3est of $e0ra. as 0aterial >+i4it-?7) ta1 as 0aterial en3elo2e en3elo2e as as 0aterial 0aterial
>+i4it-?8) 4loo/ staine/ -n/er-'ear of $e0ra. as
>+i4it-101) ta1 as 0aterial >+i4it-102) 'rist 'at(+ of $e0ra. as 0aterial 0aterial as 0aterial >+i4it-108) >+i4it-104) >+i4it-10&) en3elo2e as 2ol,t+ene as 0aterial >+i4it-10=) ta1 >+i4it-10?)
>+i4it-10;) en3elo2e as 0aterial en3elo2e as
>+i4it-107) 2lasti( t-4e as 0aterial 0aterial >+i4it-110) ta1 of >+i4it-112) s0all
anot+er en3elo2e as 0aterial 2ar(el no. 10 as 0aterial 2ar(el no. 10 as 0aterial
>+i4it-111) en3elo2e of
en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-11&) en3elo2e of 2ar(el no. 11 as 0aterial as 0aterial >+i4it-114) ta1 of 2ar(el no. 11 >+i4it-11;) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial
>+i4it-11=) en3elo2e of 2ar(el no. 12 as 0aterial >+i4it-117) ta1 of 2ar(el no. 12 as 0aterial >+i4it-118) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial ta1 of 2ar(el no. 1& as 0aterial en3elo2e of 2ar(el no. 1& as 0aterial s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-11?) >+i4it-120) >+i4it-121)
>+i4it-122) eart+ as
0aterial >+i4it-12&) ta1 of 2ar(el no. 14 as 0aterial >+i4it-124) en3elo2e of 2ar(el no. 14 as 0aterial >+i4it-12;) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-12=)
Pa1e 21
ta1 of 2ar(el no. 1; as 0aterial
>+i4it-127)
en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it- 128) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-12?) ta1 of 2ar(el no. 1= as 0aterial >+i4it-1&0) en3elo2e of 2ar(el no. 1= as 0aterial >+i4it-1&1) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-1&2) ta1 of 2ar(el no. 17 as 0aterial en3elo2e of 2ar(el no. 17 as 0aterial no. 18 as 0aterial no. 18 as 0aterial 0aterial 0aterial 0aterial >+i4it-1&&) >+i4it-1&4)
s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-1&;) ta1 of 2ar(el >+i4it-1&=) en3elo2e of 2ar(el >+i4it-1&7) s0all en3elo2e as
>+i4it-1&8) ta1 of 2ar(el no. 1?-6 as >+i4it-1&?) en3elo2e of 2ar(el no.1?-6 as >+i4it-140) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial
>+i4it-141) ta1 of 2ar(el no. 1?-B as 0aterial >+i4it-142) en3elo2e of 2ar(el no. 1?-B as 0aterial >+i4it-14&) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-144) ta1 of >+i4it 1?-C as 0aterial >+i4it-14;) en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-147) >+i4it-14=) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial ta1 of >+i4it 1?-" as 0aterial >+i4it-14?) s0all as 0aterial
>+i4it-148)en3elo2e as 0aterial as 0aterial >+i4it-1;1)
en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-1;0) ta1 of >+i4it 1?en3elo2e >+i4it-1;2) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-1;&) ta1 of >+i4it 1?-8 as 0aterial >+i4it-1;4) en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-1;=) >+i4it-1;;) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial ta1 of >+i4it 1?-C as 0aterial >+i4it-1;8) s0all
>+i4it-1;7)en3elo2e as 0aterial $ as 0aterial ta1 of
en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it- 1;?) ta1 of >+i4it 1?>+i4it-1=0) en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-1=1) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-1=2) >+i4it 1?-I as 0aterial >+i4it-1=&) en3elo2e >+i4it-1=4) s0all en3elo2e as 0aterial ta1 of >+i4it 1?-9 as 0aterial
Pa1e 22
as 0aterial >+i4it-1=;)
>+i4it-1==)en3elo2e as 0aterial en3elo2e as 0aterial 20 as 0aterial >+i4it-171) 0aterial
>+i4it-1=7)s0all
>+i4it- 1=8) ta1 of 2ar(el no.
>+i4it-1=?) 4e/ s+eet as 0aterial t+ree en3elo2es as 0aterial
>+i4it-170) en3elo2e of 2ar(el no. 20 as 0aterial >+i4it-172) 17&) 174) ta1 of 2ar(el no. 21 as >+i4it-17;)2illo' 'it+ (o3er as 0aterial >+i4it-177) >+i4it-17=) (lot+ of seal as 0aterial
one t+i(7 4ro'n (olo-re/ 2a2er of 4i1 siFe as 0aterial >+i4it-178) ta1 of 2ar(el no. 22 as 0aterial >+i4it-180) 4lan7et as 0aterial >+i4it-181) (lot+ of seal as 0aterial >+i4it-18&) >+i4it-182) 4ro'n (olo-re/ t+i(7 of 2a(7et as 0aterial >+i4it-18=) >+i4it-188) 2a2er in '+i(+ 4lan7et 'as 'ra22e/ as 0aterial 'ra22er >+i4it-184) ta1 of 2ar(el no. 2& as 0aterial >+i4it-18;) (ello ta2e as 0aterial >+i4it-187) 0ain en3elo2e as 0aterial 0aterial en3elo2e in '+i(+ 4a1 'as 'ra22e/ as 0aterial enlar1e/ 2+oto of 4loo/ staine/ 2al0 2rint as >+i4it-18?) ta1 of +alf 2ant as 0aterial >+i4it-1?2) >+i4it-1?0) +alf 2ant as 0aterial >+i4it-1?1) 2a2er in '+i(+ 2ant 'as 'ra22e/ as 0aterial ta1 of T-s+irt as 0aterial 0aterial 'ra22e/ as 0aterial >+i4it-1?&) T-s+irt as
>+i4it-1?4) 2a2er in '+i(+ T-s+irt 'as >+i4it-1?;) ta1 of ni1+tie as
0aterial >+i4it-1?=) ni1+tie as 0aterial >+i4it-1?7) 2a2er in '+i(+ ni1+tie 'as 'ra22e/ as 0aterial >+i4it-1?8) ,ello' (olo-re/ en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-1??) anot+er en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it-200) 0ain en3elo2e as 0aterial >+i4it- 201) ta1 of t+e 4oo7 AT+e t+ree 0ista7es of 0, lifeK as 0aterial 0aterial >+i4it-202) t+e a4o3e 0entione/ 4oo7 as >+i4it-20&) ,ello' en3elo2e as 0aterial
Pa1e 2&
>+i4it-204) 0ain en3elo2e as 0aterial (arton as 0aterial
>+i4it-20;)
>+i4it-20=. P.!.-12 +as 2ro3e/
1olf 4a1 as 0aterial >+i4it-207. P.!.-2; +as 2ro3e/ (+it of >+i4it 17= as 0aterial >+i4it-208) 2ar(el as 0aterial >+i4it-210 >+i4itan/ 20?) ot+er en3elo2e en3elo2e as as 0aterial 0aterial >+i4it-212)
>+i4it-211) '+ite (lot+ as 0aterial e02t, en3elo2e as 0aterial 2a(7et as 0aterial 0aterial 0aterial 2-r2le (olo-r as 0aterial >+i4it-218)
>+i4it-21&) 2a2er of
>+i4it- 214) 2illo' (o3er of >+i4it- 21;) t'o ta1s as >+i4it no. 214 as as 0aterial sti(7s
>+i4it-21=) 217) (+it of 1olf
>+i4its-21? to 2&0 an/ en3elo2e in '+i(+ t+ese sti(7s 'ere seale/ as 0aterial +as 2ro3e/ en3elo2e as 0aterial en3elo2e as 0aterial en3elo2e as 0aterial .ars as 0aterial >+i4it-2&1.P.!.-&2 >+i4it-2&2) '+ite
>+i4it-2&&) 4ro'n (olo-re/ >+i4it-2&4) ot+er en3elo2e in >+i4it-2&;) fo-r
'+i(+ .ars 'ere 7e2t as 0aterial sli/es as 0aterial
>+i4its-2&=) 2&7) 2&8) 2&?) fo-r >+i4its- 240) 241) 242) 24&) >+i4it-244) (arton in '+i(+ 0o4ile set as 0aterial
en3elo2e as 0aterial 0aterial >+i4it24;)
0o4ile +a3in1 SI5 No. ?=&?02?&0= 'as 7e2t as >+i4it-24= an/ ta1 as 0aterial >+i4it-247. 6fter (los-re of t+e 2rose(-tion e3i/en(e t+e a((-se/ 'ere e>a0ine/ -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. T+e a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +as a/0itte/ in +is state0ent -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at on 1;.0;.2008 at a4o-t ?.&0 P.5. +is /ri3er %0es+ S+ar0a +a/ /ro22e/ +i0 in +is resi/en(e an/ at t+at ti0e +e) "r. N-2-r Tal'ar) Ba4, 6ar-s+i an/ ser3ant $e0ra. 'ere 2resent. Cate No. 2 of 9al3a,:i+ar is (lose/ in t+e ni1+t 4-t Cate No. 1 an/ &
Pa1e 24
re0ain o2ene/. $e an/ +is 'ife +a/ 1one to slee2 at a4o-t 11.&0 P.5. an/ t+e air (on/itioner of t+eir roo0 'as on. $e +as no i/ea as to '+et+er t+e s-22l, of ele(tri(it, 'as /isr-2te/ or not in t+at fatef-l ni1+t. $e +as a/0itte/ t+at S0t. B+arti 5an/al -se/ to 'or7 in +is +o-se as a +o-se0ai/ an/ '+en at a4o-t =.00 a0 on 1=.0;.2008 S0t. B+arti 5an/al +a/ r-n1 t+e (all-4ell) +e 'as aslee2. $is 'ife "r. N-2-r Tal'ar +a/ not tol/ S0t. B+arti 5an/al t+at t+e 1rill /oor is lat(+e/ fro0 o-tsi/e 4-t N-2-r Tal'ar +a/ t+ro'n t+e 7e,s fro0 t+e 4al(on,. T+e 'itness San.a, C+a-+an +a/ ne3er 3isite/ +is resi/en(e. !+en +e an/ +is 'ife +a/ seen t+e /ea/ 4o/, of 6ar-s+i it 'as (o3ere/ 'it+ a flannel 4lan7et 4-t +er -22er 1ar0ent 'as not a4o3e t+e 'aist an/ lo'er 1ar0ent not 4elo' t+e 'aist. T+e, 'ere not in 2osition to tal7 to an,one as t+e, 'ere l-1-4rio-s. $e +as a/0itte/ t+at t+e lo(7 of t+e roo0 of 6ar-s+i 'as li7e t+at of a +otel '+i(+ if lo(7e/ fro0 t+e o-tsi/e) (o-l/ 4e o2ene/ fro0 insi/e 'it+o-t 7e, 4-t (o-l/ not 4e o2ene/ fro0 o-tsi/e 'it+o-t 7e,. T+e /oor of t+e roo0 of $e0ra. o2enin1 to'ar/s 0ain /oor re0aine/ (lose/. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at in t+e /innin1 ta4le one 4ottle of Ballentine S(ot(+ !+is7, 'as fo-n/ 4-t t+ere 'as no an, t-04ler an/ e>(e2t in t+e roo0 of 6ar-s+i) no 4loo/ stains 'ere fo-n/ at t+e re0ainin1 2art of t+e +o-se an/ e3en in -2stairs t+ere 'ere no 4loo/ stains. No4o/, +a/ as7e/ +i0 to 1i3e t+e 7e, of /oor of t+e terra(e. S(+ool 4a1 an/ '+i0-'+a0s 'ere in t+e 4e/ of 6ar-s+i 4-t +e +as no 7no'le/1e as to '+et+er t+ese 'ere +a3in1 4loo/ stains or not. $e +a/ not 1one to t+e 2oli(e station to lo/1e +is
Pa1e 2;
re2ort)na,) t+e re2ort 'as /i(tate/ to +i0 4, 2oli(e 2ersonnel in +is +o-se. T+e site-2lan is not on s(ale an/ in t+e site-2lan 4at+roo0 of t+e roo0 of $e0ra. +as 4een 'ron1l, s+o'n an/ s+aft +as 4een 'ron1l, s+o'n to 4e 2art of t+at roo0. $e +a/ not noti(e/ as to '+et+er t+e 4e/-s+eet of 6ar-s+iBs 4e/ +a/ an, 'rin7les or not. <n +earin1 -l-lation 5r. P-nis+ Rai Tan/on +a/ (o0e to +is +o-se 4-t +e +a/ not 2-s+e/ asi/e +i0 '+en +e trie/ to (onsole +i0. "r. Ra.ee3 D-0ar :ars+ne, an/ "r. Ro+it Do(+ar +a/ also (o0e to +is +o-se. $e 'as 'earin1 T-s+irt an/ +alf 2ant an/ "r. N-2-r 'as 'earin1 2ei1noir sin(e ni1+t an/ it is in(orre(t to sa, t+at t+eir (lot+es 'ere not staine/ 'it+ 4loo/. $e +as state/ t+at 2resen(e of '+ite /is(+ar1e in t+e 3a1inal (a3it, of 6ar-s+i is 0atter of re(or/ 4-t t+e state0ent of "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re t+at o2enin1 of 3a1inal (a3it, 'as 2ro0inent is in(orre(t in as 0-(+ as t+is fa(t +as not 4een 0entione/ in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort an/ in t+e first t+ree state0ents 1i3en to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er. T+e e3i/en(e t+at +,0en 'as ol/) +eale/ an/ torn is not+in1 4-t an a(t of (al-0n, an/ (+ara(ter assassination of +is /a-1+ter. It is also in(orre(t to sa, t+at in.-ries no. 1 an/ & of 6ar-s+i 'ere (a-se/ 4, 1olf sti(7 an/ in.-ries no. 2 an/ 4 'ere (a-se/ 4, s+ar2-e/1e/ s-r1i(al 'ea2on. $e +as no 7no'le/1e as to '+et+er t+e roo0 of 6ar-s+i 'as (leane/ an/ 0attress 'as 7e2t in t+e terra(e of $o-se No. #-28 as at t+at ti0e +e 'as a'a, at t+e (re0atori-0 to 2erfor0 o4se@-ies of +is /a-1+ter. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at &-4 0ont+s 2rior to t+e o((-rren(e +e +a/ sent +is Santro Car for ser3i(in1 an/ +e +as no
Pa1e 2=
7no'le/1e as to '+ere t+e 1olf sti(7s an/ ot+er ite0s l,in1 in t+e (ar 'ere 7e2t 4, t+e /ri3er %0es+ S+ar0a. 64o-t 8-10 /a,s 4efore t+e o((-rren(e 2aintin1 of (l-ster +a/ starte/ an/ t+e na33ies -se/ to ta7e 'ater fro0 'ater tan7 2la(e/ on t+e terra(e of +is +o-se an/ t+en $e0ra. +a/ starte/ lo(7in1 t+e /oor of t+e terra(e an/ t+e 7e, of t+at lo(7 re0aine/ 'it+ +i0. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at t+ere is an iron 1rill 'all 4et'een t+e terra(es of $o-se No. #-&0 an/ #-&2 4-t +e +as no 7no'le/1e as to '+et+er an, 4e/-s+eet 'as 2la(e/ on t+is 2artition 'all. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at on 17.0;.2008 as+es of 6ar-s+i 'ere (olle(te/ an/ lo(7er no. 0? 'as allotte/ for 7ee2in1 t+e as+es. T+ese as+es 'ere not ta7en o-t after +alf an +o-r 4-t after 02.00-02.&0 +o-rs. It is in(orre(t to sa, t+at S.I. "ata Ra0 Na-naria +a/ en@-ire/ of +i0 a4o-t t+e i/entit, of t+e /ea/ 4o/, l,in1 in t+e terra(e rat+er +e +a/ i/entifie/ t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. 4, +is +airs in t+e 2resen(e of ot+er 2oli(e offi(er. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at $e0ra. 'as a3era1e 4-ilt 4-t +e +as no 7no'le/1e as to '+et+er +is 'ill, 'as t-r1i/. $e +as a/0itte/ t+at on 1;.0;.2008 at a4o-t 11.00 P.5. +is 'ife +a/ 1one to 6ar-s+iBs roo0 to s'it(+ on t+e internet ro-ter an/ +e an/ +is 'ife 'ent to slee2 aro-n/ 11.&0-11.&; P.5. an/ t+e sa0e a(ti3it, 'as seen fro0 =.00 6.5. to 1.00 P.5. on 1=.0;.2008) alt+o-1+ (o02-ters 'ere s+-t /o'n. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at 0o4ile n-04er ?21&;1;48; 'as in +is na0e 4-t t+e sa0e 'as -se/ 4, $e0ra. an/ '+et+er an, (all 'as 0a/e fro0 lan/ line n-04er 120-4&1=&87 to 0o4ile n-04er ?21&;1;48; at 0=:00:10 +o-rs on 1=.0;.2008 is a 0atter of re(or/.
Pa1e 27
It is on t+e re(or/ t+at t+e 2illo' 'it+ (o3er 'as re(o3ere/ fro0 t+e roo0 of $e0ra.. It is in(orre(t to sa, t+at no "N6 'as 1enerate/ in 2illo' (o3er an/ 7-7ri. $e +as state/ t+at >+i4it L-20 (o/e G-204C#-14 'as a 2illo' (o3er of 2-r2le (olo-r in '+i(+ "N6 'as 1enerate/. $e +as also state/ t+at (ase 2ro2ert, 'as ta02ere/ 'it+) +en(e a (o02laint 'as sent 4, +i0 to "e2art0ent of BioTe(+nolo1, t+at re2ort +as 4een (+an1e/. Sin(e t+e +o-se 'as in /a0a1e/ (on/ition an/ 'as to 4e let o-t an/ t+erefore) it 'as 1ot 'as+e//2ainte/. It is in(orre(t to sa, t+at 2artition 'all 'as of 'oo/. It 'as 0a/e of 4ri(7s o3er '+i(+ 'oo/en 2anellin1 'as /one an/ sa0e 'as 1ot 2ainte/ on t+e s-11estion of 2ainter as its 2olis+ +a/ fa/e/ a'a,. Iron 1rill of 0ain an/ 1ate an/ 4al(on, 'ere 'ere 1ot -na-t+oriFe/ t+erefore) t+ese
re0o3e/ an/ no4o/, +as o4.e(te/ to it. 5r. 5.S. "a+i,a +as 1i3en +is re2ort on i0a1inar, 1ro-n/s. 5o4ile n-04er ?8??;;;??? is in t+e na0e of In3ertis Instit-te an/ not in t+e na0e of D.D. Ca-ta0. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at area of +is +o-se is 1&00 s@. feet an/ it +as onl, one entr, 1ate. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at t+e /oor of 6ar-s+iBs roo0 'as +a3in1 (li(7 s+-t a-to0ati( lo(7 '+i(+ (o-l/ 4e o2ene/ fro0 insi/e 'it+o-t 7e, 4-t (o-l/ not 4e o2ene/ fro0 o-tsi/e 'it+o-t 7e,. 5r. 6.a, C+a//+a +a/ ne3er sent an e-0ail to 5r. Neela4+ Dis+ore) S.P.) C.B.I.) "e+ra/-n on +is 4e+alf. $e +as no 7no'le/1e as to '+et+er 0ain /oor 'as 4olte/ fro0 o-tsi/e or not at t+e ti0e of in(i/ent. It is in(orre(t to sa, t+at 0-r/ers 'ere not (o00itte/ 4, an o-tsi/er or 4, Dris+na) Ra. D-0ar an/ :i.a, 5an/al
Pa1e 28
an/ rat+er 4, +i0 an/ t+e (o-a((-se/. Re1ar/in1 t+e re0ainin1 e3i/en(e) +e +as state/ t+at eit+er it is a 0atter of re(or/ or is false or +e is not +a3in1 an, 7no'le/1e a4o-t t+e sa0e. $e +as also file/ 'ritten state0ent 2a2er no. &??-7+a/1 to &??7+a/11 -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. "r. N-2-r Tal'ar +as also a/0itte/ in +er e>a0ination -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at on 1;.0;.2008 at a4o-t 0?.&0 P.5. s+e) "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar) 4a4, 6ar-s+i an/ ser3ant $e0ra. 'ere 2resent at #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar) Se(tor 2;) Noi/a. T+e t+ree 1ates of 9al3a,- :i+ar re0ain o2ene/ ro-n/ t+e (lo(7 4-t in t+e ni1+t one of t+e 1ates is (lose/. S+e +as also a/0itte/ t+at S0t. B+arti 5an/al 'as 'or7in1 in +er +o-se as +o-se0ai/ an/ on 1=.0;.2008 at a4o-t =.00 6.5. S0t. B+arti 5an/al +a/ r-n1 (all-4ell 4-t s+e /i/ not 1o to o2en t+e /oor ass-0in1 t+at $e0ra. 'o-l/ o2en t+e /oor. S0t. B+arti 5an/al +as falsel, /e2ose/ t+at s+e +a/ 2-s+e/ t+e 1rill /oor 4-t it (o-l/ not 4e o2ene/ in 3ie' of t+e fa(t t+at t+is state0ent 'as not 1i3en to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er. It is (orre(t t+at s+e +a/ tol/ S0t. B+arti 5an/al t+at $e0ra. 0a, +a3e 1one to 4rin1 0il7. It is also (orre(t t+at 'oo/en /oor an/ 0es+ /oor are in t+e sa0e fra0e. It is also (orre(t t+at s+e +a/ tol/ S0t. B+arti 5an/al t+at /oor 'ill 4e o2ene/ '+en $e0ra. (a0e 4a(7 an/ -ntil t+en s+e s+o-l/ 'ait. S+e +as also a/0itte/ t+at S0t. B+arti 5an/al +a/ en@-ire/ of +er as to '+et+er s+e is +a3in1 t+e 7e, of t+e /oor an/ s+e +a/ re2lie/ in t+e affir0ati3e. S+e +as also a/0itte/ t+at t+ere-2on S0t. B+arti 5an/al as7e/ +er to 1i3e t+e 7e, so t+at s+e 0a, (o0e insi/e t+e +o-se after
Pa1e 2?
-nlo(7in1 t+e /oor an/ t+en s+e +a/ tol/ S0t. B+arti 5an/al to 1o to 1ro-n/ le3el an/ s+e 'o-l/ 4e 1i3in1 7e, to +er. B-t it is in(orre(t to sa, t+at '+en S0t. B+arti 5an/al rea(+e/ at 1ro-n/ le3el) s+e 0i1+t +a3e tol/ +er fro0 4al(on, t+at s+e s+o-l/ (o0e -2 an/ see t+at /oor +as not 4een lo(7e/ an/ onl, lat(+e/. S+e +as also a/0itte/ t+at s+e +a/ t+ro'n /-2li(ate 7e, on t+e 1ro-n/ le3el. S+e +as state/ t+at '+en S0t. B+arti 5an/al (a0e insi/e t+e +o-se) s+e an/ +er +-s4an/ 'ere 'ee2in1. S+e +as a/0itte/ t+at s(+ool 4a1 an/ to,s 'ere in t+e 4e/ of 6ar-s+i 4-t s+e +as no 7no'le/1e as to '+et+er t+ese 'ere +a3in1 4loo/ stains or not. S+e +as also a/0itte/ t+at t+ere 'ere 4loo/ s2latters on t+e 4a(7 'all of t+e 4e/ 4-t not on t+e o-ter si/e of t+e /oor. !+en 6ar-s+i 'as seen +er 4o/, 'as (o3ere/ 'it+ a flannel 4lan7et 4-t t+e stat-s of t+e (lot+es 'orn 4, +er 'ere not s-(+ as /e2ose/ to 4, P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra) '+o +a/ not tal7e/ to "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar. S+e +as also a/0itte/ t+at lo(7 of t+e /oor of 6ar-s+iBs roo0 'as li7e t+at of +otel '+i(+ if lo(7e/ fro0 o-tsi/e (o-l/ 4e o2ene/ fro0 insi/e 4-t (o-l/ not 4e o2ene/ fro0 o-tsi/e 'it+o-t 7e,. S+e +a/ not tol/ 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra t+at o-ter /oor of t+e +o-se 'as of 1rill an/ it 'as lat(+e/ fro0 o-tsi/e an/ after o2enin1 t+e sa0e S0t. B+arti 5an/al (a0e insi/e t+e +o-se. S+e +as also a/0itte/ t+at t+e ser3ant roo0 +as t'o /oors an/ one o2ene/ to'ar/s t+e +o-se an/ ot+er one to'ar/s t+e 0ain 1ate 4-t t+e /oor to'ar/s t+e 0ain 1ate re0aine/ (lose/ an/ it 'as not -se/. S+e +as also a/0itte/ t+at Ballentine S(ot(+ 4ottle 'as fo-n/ in t+e
Pa1e &0
/innin1 ta4le 'it+o-t an, t-04ler. S+e +as also state/ t+at e>(e2t in t+e roo0 of 6ar-s+i 4loo/ stains 'ere not fo-n/ at t+e re0ainin1 2art of t+e +o-se. S+e +as also state/ t+at in t+e stairs no 4loo/ stains 'ere fo-n/. 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra +a/ not as7e/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar to 2ro3i/e 7e, of t+e /oor of t+e terra(e. S.I. Ba(+(+- Sin1+ +a/ ne3er trie/ to tal7 to +er an/ +er +-s4an/. "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ ne3er 1one to t+e 2oli(e station to lo/1e a re2ort an/ rat+er (o02laint 'as /i(tate/ to "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 4, 2oli(e 2ersonnel in t+e +o-se. S+e an/ +er +-s4an/ 'ere f-ll, 0o-rnf-l. S+e +a/ not noti(e/ as to '+et+er t+e 4e/-s+eet +a/ an, 'rin7les/fol/s on it. P-nis+ Rai Tan/on +a/ (o0e to +er +o-se on +earin1 4oo+oo. "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ not s+r-11e/ off P-nis+ Rai Tan/on. S+e an/ +er +-s4an/ 'ere 4a/l, 'ee2in1. S+e +as also state/ t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as 'earin1 T-s+irt an/ +alf 2ant an/ s+e 'as 'earin1 0a>i sin(e ni1+t an/ it is in(orre(t to sa, t+at t+eir (lot+es 'ere not staine/ 'it+ 4loo/. It is also in(orre(t to sa, t+at 6ar-s+i +a/ /ie/ 12-18 S+e +o-rs +as 4efore 2ost0orte0 t+at in t+e e>a0ination. a/0itte/
2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort '+ite /is(+ar1e +as 4een s+o'n in t+e 3a1inal (a3it, of 6ar-s+i. It is in(orre(t to sa, t+at /e(ease/ 6ar-s+i 0a, +a3e /ie/ t+ree +o-rs after ta7in1 t+e /inner. "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re +as falsel, /e2ose/ t+at 3a1inal (a3it, 'as o2en an/ 3a1inal (anal 'as 3isi4le) t+at o2enin1 of (a3it, 'as 2ro0inent in as 0-(+ as t+is fa(t +as not 4een 0entione/ in t+e 2ost-0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort an/ in t+e first fo-r state0ents 1i3en to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er. T+e e3i/en(e t+at
Pa1e &1
+,0en 'as ol/) +eale/ an/ torn is false. It is also in(orre(t to sa, t+at in.-ries no. 1 an/ & of 6ar-s+i 'ere (a-se/ 4, 1olf sti(7 an/ in.-ries no. 2 an/ 4 'ere (a-se/ 4, s+ar2-e/1e/ s-r1i(al 'ea2on as t+is fa(t 'as not state/ 4efore t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er in +is fo-r-fi3e state0ents 1i3en earlier to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er. S+e +as no 7no'le/1e as to '+et+er t+e roo0 of 6ar-s+i 'as (leane/ an/ 0attress 'as 7e2t in t+e terra(e of $o-se No. #-28 as at t+at ti0e s+e 'as at t+e 2la(e of (re0ation to 2erfor0 f-neral rites of 6ar-s+i. S+e +as also a/0itte/ t+at &-4 0ont+s 4efore t+e o((-rren(e "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ sent +is Santro Car for ser3i(in1 4-t s+e +as no 7no'le/1e as to '+ere t+e 1olf sti(7s an/ ot+er ite0s l,in1 in t+e (ar 'ere 7e2t 4, t+e /ri3er %0es+ S+ar0a. 64o-t 8-10 /a,s 4efore t+e in(i/ent) at t+e ti0e of 2aintin1 of flats) t+e la4o-rers -se/ to ta7e 'ater fro0 t+e 'ater tan7 of +er +o-se an/ t+en $e0ra. +a/ starte/ lo(7in1 t+e /oor of t+e terra(e an/ t+e 7e, of t+at lo(7 re0aine/ 'it+ +i0. T+e as+es of 6ar-s+i 'ere 7e2t in lo(7er of (re0atori-0 for a4o-t 2-& +o-rs. T+e site-2lan of t+e terra(e is not on s(ale. <n 1;.0;.2008 at a4o-t 11.&0 P.5. s+e an/ +er +-s4an/ +a/ 1one to slee2 after s'it(+in1 off la2to2. T+e start an/ sto2 a(ti3it, of internet 0a, 4e /-e to 0,ria/ reasons. S+e +a/ 0a/e a tele2+one (all fro0 lan/ line n-04er 0120-4&1=&88 to 0o4ile n-04er ?21&;1;48;) '+i(+ 'as -se/ 4, $e0ra.. Pillo' 'it+ (o3er 'as re(o3ere/ fro0 t+e roo0 of $e0ra.. S+e +as falsifie/ t+e e3i/en(e of P.!.-= t+at in 2illo' (o3er an/ 7-7ri no ".N.6. 'as 1enerate/. 6s 2er re2ort >+i4it-Da-;1) t+e >+i4it-L-20 (o/e
Pa1e &2
G-0204C#-14 is a 2illo' (o3er of 2-r2le (olo-r. T+e (larifi(ator, letter >+i4it-Da-;2 is ille1al an/ t+e re2ort '+i(+ 'as re2la(e/ (on(l-si3el, esta4lis+e/ t+e in3ol3e0ent of Dris+na. T+e C.B.I. +as ta02ere/ 'it+ t+e (ase 2ro2ert,. Sin(e t+e +o-se 'as to 4e 1i3en on lease an/ t+erefore) it 'as 1ot 2ainte//'as+e/ an/ t+ere 'as no instr-(tion for a4stainin1 fro0 2aintin1/'as+in1. It is in(orre(t to sa, t+at 2artition 'all 'as of 'oo/. It 'as 0a/e of 4ri(7s o3er '+i(+ 'oo/en 2anellin1 'as /one an/ t+e sa0e 'as 1ot 2ainte/ on t+e s-11estion of 2ainter as its 2olis+ +a/ 'it+ere/ a'a,. Iron 1rill of 0ain 1ate an/ 4al(on, 'ere -na-t+oriFe/ an/ t+erefore) t+ese 'ere 1ot re0o3e/ an/ C.B.I. +a/ not restraine/ to 0a7e an, alteration. 5r. 5.S. "a+i,a +as 1i3en +is re2ort on i0a1inar, 1ro-n/s. S+e +as also a/0itte/ t+at area of +er +o-se is 1&00 s@. feet an/ it +as onl, one entr, 1ate. S+e +as also a/0itte/ t+at t+e /oor of 6ar-s+iBs roo0 'as +a3in1 (li(7 s+-t a-to0ati( lo(7 of Co/re. (o02an, '+i(+ (o-l/ 4e o2ene/ fro0 insi/e 'it+o-t 7e, 4-t (o-l/ not 4e o2ene/ fro0 o-tsi/e 'it+o-t 7e,. 5r. 6.a, C+a//+a +a/ ne3er sent an e-0ail to 5r. Neela4+ Dis+ore) S.P.) C.B.I.) "e+ra/-n on t+eir 4e+alf. 5r. Da-l +a/ f-ll e3i/en(e a1ainst Dris+na) Ra. D-0ar an/ :i.a, 5an/al 4-t it 'as (on(eale/ 4, +i0 to 0islea/ t+e (o-rt. In res2e(t of t+e ot+er e3i/en(e) s+e +as state/ t+at eit+er it is a 0atter of re(or/ or is false or s+e is not +a3in1 an, 7no'le/1e a4o-t t+e sa0e. S+e +as also file/ 'ritten state0ent -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. '+i(+ is 2a2er no. 4007+a/1 to 400-7+a/12.
Pa1e &&
T+e a((-se/ 2ersons +a3e e>a0ine/ ".!.-1 Ra.en/ra 7a-l) ".!.-2 "r. 60-l,a C+a//+a) ".!.-& "r. %r0il S+ar0a) ".!.-4 "r. R.D. S+ar0a) ".!.-; :i7as Set+i) ".!.-= :is+al Ca-ra3 an/ ".!.-7 "r. 6n/rei Se0i7+o/7sii in /efen(e. 8in1er2rint re2orts /ate/ 2?.0;.2008)
&0.07.2008)24.07.2008) 17.0=.2008 an/ 1&.0=.2008 +a3e 4een 1ot 2ro3e/ 4, P.!.-& an/ +en(e t+ese +a3e 4een res2e(ti3el, 0ar7e/ as >+i4its-7+a-1) 7+a-2) 7+a-&) 7+a-4 an/ 7+a-;. 8in1er2rints 2a2er no.- 4;-7+a/1 to 4;-7+a/; +a3e 4een 1ot 2ro3e/ 4, P.!.-1 an/ +en(e +a3e 4een res2e(ti3el, 0ar7e/ as >+i4its-7+a-=) 7+a-7) 7+a-8) 7+a-? an/ 7+a-10. #etter /ate/ 22.12.200? (2a2er no. 18?-6a/1) of "r. Bi4+a Rani Ra,) "ire(tor) C.8.S.#.) Ne' "el+i) 1eno2lots 2a2er no. 18?-6a/2) 18?-6a/& an/ 2+oto(o2, of re2ort /ate/ 28.12.2010 2a2er no. 8=7a/1 to 8=-7a/& +a3e 4een 1ot 2ro3e/ 4, P.!.-= "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra an/ as s-(+ +a3e 4een 0ar7e/ as >+i4its-7+a-11) 7+a-12) 7+a-1& an/ 7+a-14 res2e(ti3el,. Re2ort /ate/ 20.0=.2008 2a2er no. 171-6a/=) 171-6a/7 an/ re2ort /ate/ 18.0=.2008 2a2er no. 1=&-6a/= +a3e 4een 1ot 2ro3e/ 4, P.!.-2= an/ +en(e 0ar7e/ as >+i4its-7+a-1; an/ 7+a-1=. Re2ort /ate/ 0=.0?.2008 2a2er no. 1;46a/2 to 1;4-6a/1? +as 4een 1ot 2ro3e/ 4, P.!.-27 an/) as s-(+) 0ar7e/ as >+i4it-7+a-17.SeiF-re 0e0o /ate/ 11.0=.2008 2a2er no. 12;-6a) seiF-re 0e0o /ate/ 12.0=.2008 2a2er no. 112-6a/1 to 1126a/2) o4ser3ation-(-0-seiF-re 0e0o 2a2er no. 1146a +a3e 4een 1ot 2ro3e/ 4, P.!.-&2 an/ t+erefore) 0ar7e/ as >+i4its-7+a-18) 7+a-1? an/ 7+a-20 /ate/ 11.0=.2008 for res2e(ti3el,.622li(ation
Pa1e &4
1rantin1 2er0ission of 4rain 0a22in1) lie /ete(tion an/ nar(o anal,sis e>a0inations of t+e s-s2e(t Dris+na at 8.S.#.) Ban1alore +as 4een 1ot 2ro3e/ 4, P.!.-&; an/) +en(e) +as 4een 0ar7e/ as 7+a-21.Pro/-(tion (-0 seiF-re 0e0o >+i4it/ate/
0=.07.2008 2a2er no. 11?-6a/1 +as 4een 1ot 2ro3e/ 4, P.!.-&7 an/ 0ar7e/ as >+i4it-7+a-22. T+e 1en-ineness of re2orts 2a2er no. 187-6a/2 to 1876a/4 an/ 1?0-6a/1 +as 4een a/0itte/ 4, t+e #earne/ Co-nsel for t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/) +en(e) 2a2er no. 187-6a/2 to 187-6a/4 +as 4een 0ar7e/ as >+i4it-7+a-2& 4-t 2a2er no. 1?0-6a/1 >+i4it-7+a-2; an/ 'as 0ar7e/ ina/3ertentl, as 1?0-6a/1 0ar7e/ as
t+erefore) t+is 0ar7in1 is a0en/e/ an/ 2a2er no. >+i4it-7+a-2; is 0ar7e/ as >+i4it-7+a-24. ".!.-4 +as 2ro3e/ +is re2ort 2a2er no. 4&1-7+a/2 to 4&1-7+a/17 4-t at t+e ti0e of e>a0ination of t+is 'itness) t+is 2a2er 'as 0ar7e/ as >+i4it-D+a-2= an/ t+erefore) t+is re2ort is as >+i4it-7+a-2;.".!.-= +as 2ro3e/ 0ar7e/
2rinto-t of Cell I" C+art 2a2er no. 4=8-7+a/1 to 4=87+a/82 of B+arti 6irtel #t/. '+i(+ 'as 0ar7e/ as >+i4it-7+a-27 an/ t+erefore) t+is 2a2er is 0ar7e/ as >+i4it-7+a-2=. ".!.-7 +as 2ro3e/ +is e>a0ination re2ort 2a2er no. ;0&-7+a/1 to ;0&7+a/1&) 2a2er no. ;0&-7+a/14 to ;0&-7+a/1?) 2a2er no. ;0&-7+a/20 to ;0&-7+a/2=) e-0ail (orres2on/en(e 2a2er nos. ;0=-7+a/1) ;0=-7+a/2) ;0=-7+a/&) ;0=-7+a/4) ;0=-7+a/;) ;0=-7+a/=. 6t t+e ti0e of e>a0ination of t+ese 'itnesses t+e afore state/ 2a2ers +a3e 4een res2e(ti3el, 0ar7e/ as >+i4its-7+a-28 to 7+a-&= an/ t+erefore) t+ese /o(-0ents are res2e(ti3el, 0ar7e/ as >+i4itsPa1e &;
7+a-27 to 7+a-&; in seriati0. T+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ +as a/0itte/ t+e 1en-ineness of serolo1i(al e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ 17.0=.2008 2a2er 6a) no. 1=;-6a/7 of to 1=;-6a/?) 4iolo1i(al /ate/ e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ 07.01.2010 2a2er no. 1812+oto(o2, 2at+olo1i(al re2ort 1=.0;.2008 2a2er no. 107-6a/&4) #etter /ate/ 0?.0?.2008 'ritten 4, T.". "o1ra of 6.I.I.5.S to 5r. :i.a, D-0ar) S.P.) C.B.I. no. 2a2er no. to 1;4-6a/1) 1?1-6a/4) e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ 1;.0=.2008 of C.8.S.#.) $,/era4a/ 2a2er 1?1-6a/1 en(los-re No. 1 2a2er no. 1;1-6a/? to 1;1-6a/2=) e0ail 2a2er no. 4=1-7+a/1) 4=1-7+a/2 'it+ 2rinto-t of (all /etails re(or/ 2a2er nos. 4=1-7+a/& to 4=17+a/1?) 2+oto(o2, of 0e0oran/-0 of 2ro(ee/in1s 2a2er no. 4=0-7+a/1 to 4=0-7+a/4) letter /ate/ 2;.07.201& of "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra to 5r. 6.C.#. Da-l) 2a2er no. 4=4-7+a/1) 1enot,2e 2lots 2a2er no. 4=47+a/2 to 4=4-7+a/8) letter /ate/ 04.0=.2008 of S.P.) C.B.I.-SCR-III) Ne' "el+i to t+e "ire(tor) C.8.S.#.) Ne' "el+i 2a2er no. ==-7a/1 to ==-7a/1& an/ letter /ate/ 1?.0=.2008 of 5r. :i.a, D-0ar to t+e "ire(tor) C.8.S.#.) Ne' "el+i 2a2er no. =7-7a/1 to =7-7a/&) 4-t t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ 0ar7e/ t+e0 res2e(ti3el, as >+i4its-7+a-&7 to 7+a-47 4, 0ista7e an/ t+erefore) nos. of >+i4its +a3e 4een (orre(te/ an/ 0ar7e/ as >+i4its-7+a-&= to 7+a-4=. No ot+er e3i/en(e in /efen(e +as 4een 1i3en. I +a3e +ear/ 'it+ 2atien(e to all t+e
s-40issions 1oo/) 4a/) rele3ant) irrele3ant an/ in/ifferent of 5r. R.D. Saini) t+e Senior P-4li( Prose(-tor an/ 5r. B.D. Sin1+) t+e P-4li( Prose(-tor a22earin1 for CBI as 'ell as 5r. Tan3ir 6+0a/ 5ir
Pa1e &=
an/ 5r. Sat,a Det- Sin1+) t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/ 2er-se/ t+e 0aterial on re(or/. T+e 'ritten ar1-0ent 2a2er no. ;=2-7+a/1 to ;=2-7+a/212 file/ on 4e+alf of t+e a((-se/ +as 4een 4ro-1+t on re(or/. No' is t+e ti0e to 1et /o'n to 4rass ta(7s. T+e 1ra3a0en of t+e ar1-0ent on 4e+alf of 2rose(-tion is t+at fro0 t+e e3i/en(e a//-(e/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion an/ t+e (ir(-0stan(es) it is f-ll, esta4lis+e/ 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t t+at in t+e inter3enin1 ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008) 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 'ere seen ali3e in t+e (o02an, of 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 2ersons 4, %0es+ S+ar0a at a4o-t ?.&0 P.5. an/ in t+e 0ornin1 of 1=.0;.2008 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as fo-n/ /ea/ in +er 4e/ an/ t+e /ea/ 4o/, of t+e ser3ant $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ on 17.0;.2008 in t+e terra(e of t+e +o-se an/ t+ere is not+in1 to s-11est t+at in t+e fatef-l ni1+t an, intr-/er(s) (a0e insi/e t+e +o-se an/ (o00itte/ t+e 0-r/ers of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/. It 'as f-rt+er a//e/ in t+e s-40issions of t+e learne/ 2rose(-tors t+at no e>2lanation +as 4een offere/ 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons as to +o' an/ -n/er '+at (ir(-0stan(es 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ /ie/ an/ t+e (ir(-0stan(es -nerrin1l, 2oint o-t to'ar/s t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ 2ersons t+at t+e, are t+e a-t+ors of t+is /ia4oli(al (ri0e. In f-rt+eran(e of t+e ar1-0ents) it 'as also s-40itte/ t+at fro0 t+e e3i/en(e an/ 0aterial as a3aila4le on re(or/) it is also 2ro3e/ t+at 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 7no'in1 t+at t+e /o-4le 0-r/er +as 4een (o00itte/) (a-se/ t+e e3i/en(e of t+e (o00ission of t+e 0-r/ers to /isa22ear 'it+ t+e intention to
Pa1e &7
s(reen t+e0sel3es fro0 le1al 2-nis+0ent an/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar also 7no'in1l, 1a3e false infor0ation to t+e 2oli(e station Se(tor- 20) N.<.I.".6. t+at t+e 0-r/er of 5s. 6ar-s+i +as 4een (o00itte/ 4, $e0ra.) '+o is a4s(on/in1 sin(e ni1+t an/ as s-(+ t+e a((-se/ 2ersons are lia4le to 4e (on3i(te/ a((or/in1l,. T+e learne/ 2rose(-tors in s-22ort t+eir ar1-0ents +a3e 2la(e/ relian(e on State of +a,asthan *s. 2ashi +a3 AI+ 2007 SC 144 Tri3u4h 0aroti 2ir4an *s. State of 0aharashtra 2007 Cr.&.J. 20 5SC6 Chattar
Singh . another *s. State of 'ar7ana 2008 Cr.&.J. 918 5SC6 Ara%indra 0u4her,ee *s. State of :est "engal 2012 Cr.&.J. 1207 /r. Sunil Clifford /aneil *s. State of )un,a% 2012 Cr.&.J. 4;<7 0unish 0u%ar *s. State of 'ar7ana 2019 Cr.&.J. <; *i=e4 2alra *s. State of +a,asthan 2019 Cr.&.J. 1<24 )ar4ash 2040 *s. an/ State of +a,asthan 2019 Cr.&.J. +ohtash
2u3ar *s. State of 'ar7ana 2019 Cr.&.J. 91>9. T+e terminus a uo of 5r. Tan3ir 6+0a/ 5ir
t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ is t+at t+is (ase is +e/1e/ on (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e an/ t+e t+eor, of 1ra3e an/ s-//en 2ro3o(ation as 2ro2o-n/e/ 4, P.!.-&8 "r. 5. S. "a+i,a in +is re2ort la4oratin1 +is s-40issions) it 'as >+i4it-7a-?& 3i1oro-sl, /oes not ins2ire (onfi/en(e an/ is lia4le to fo-n/er. ar1-e/ 4, 5r. 5ir t+at "r. "a+i,a +as in(-l(ate/ t+is t+eor, in +is re2ort >+i4it-7a-?& on t+e 4asis of infor0ation s-22lie/ to +i0 4, t+e in3esti1atin1 a1en(, t+at t+e 4loo/ of $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ on t+e 2illo' of 6ar-s+i in +er 4e/roo0M t+at it a22ears t+at t+e a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ seen 4ot+
Pa1e &8
t+e
/e(ease/
in
t+e
4e/roo0
of
6ar-s+i
in
(o02ro0isin1 2osition '+i(+ in(ense/ t+e a((-se/ to (o00it t+e 0-r/ersM t+at "r. "a+i,a +as +i0self 0entione/ in +is re2ort >+i4it-7a-?& t+at 2er-sal of 2+oto1ra2+s) C"s) 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2orts et(. (annot 4e a s-4stit-te for a real site 3isit an/ +en(e t+e o4ser3ation of +is o'n re2ort +as its li0itationM t+at "r. "a+i,a +as no '+ere 0entione/ in +is re2ort t+at +e 3isite/ an/ ins2e(te/ t+e s(ene of (ri0e on 0?.10.200? an/ in +is (ross-e>a0ination +e of +as a/0itte/ an/ t+at no no 2-4li( 2erson 0e0o 'as 'as asso(iate/ /-rin1 t+e alle1e/ ins2e(tion of t+e 2la(e o((-rren(e ins2e(tion 2re2are/M t+at "r. "a+i,a +as state/ t+at +e 3isite/ t+e 2la(e of o((-rren(e alon1'it+ ins2e(tor 6r3in/ 9aitel, 4-t ins2e(tor 9aitel, +as not 4een 2ro/-(e/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion to (orro4orate t+e state0ent of "r. "a+i,aM t+at 5r. 6.C.#. Da-l +as +i0self 0entione/ in +is (los-re re2ort >+i4it-7a-?8 t+at no 4loo/ of $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ on t+e 4e/-s+eet an/ 2illo' of 6ar-s+i an/ t+at t+ere is no e3i/en(e to s-11est t+at $e0ra. 'as 7ille/ in roo0 of 6ar-s+i. It +as also 4een s-40itte/ t+at no 4loo/) 4iolo1i(al fl-i/) s2-t-0) s2er0) 4o/, +air) 2-4i( +air) s7in/fles+ or an, 4iolo1i(al 0aterial 4elon1in1 to $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ in 6ar-s+iEs roo0 an,'+ere. It 'as also ar1-e/ t+at "r. "o+re +as si02l, 0entione/ in +is 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of 5s. 6ar-s+i t+at '+ite /is(+ar1e 'as o4ser3e/ in t+e 3a1ina of 5s. 6ar-s+i 4-t +e +as not 0entione/ in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort t+at o2enin1 of 3a1inal (a3it, 'as 2ro0inent an/ t+e 3a1inal (anal 'as 3isi4leM t+at t+e 3a1inal orifi(e of 6ar-s+i
Pa1e &?
'as 'i/e an/ o2en an/ t+at 3a1inal (anal (o-l/ 4e seenM t+at t+e +,0en of t+e /e(ease/ 'as ol/) torn an/ +eale/ an/ t+ese fa(ts 'ere not state/ to t+e earlier in3esti1atin1 offi(ers on 18.0;.2008) 18.07.2008 an/ 0&.10.2008M P.!.-; "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re +as a/0itte/ on internal 2a1e no. ; of +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort it +as not 4een 0entione/ t+at '+ite /is(+ar1e 'as fo-n/ in t+e 3a1inal (a3it, of 6ar-s+i an/ in (ol-0n no. ;) = an/ 14 no a4nor0alit, /ete(te/ +as 4een 'ritten an/ t+is 'itness +as also a/0itte/ in +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at no s2er0atoFoa 'as /ete(te/ in t+e sli/es an/ t+e s-4.e(ti3e fin/in1 of "r. "o+re is ina/0issi4le in e3i/en(e an/ as s-(+ no relian(e (an 4e 2la(e/ on t+e e3i/en(e of "r. "o+re. #i7e'ise) it +as 4een (onten/e/ 4, t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ t+at t+e e3i/en(e of P.!.-&= "r. Nares+ Ra. to t+e effe(t t+at s'ellin1 of t+e 2e(7er of $e0ra. 'as 4e(a-se eit+er +e +a/ 4een 0-r/ere/ in t+e 0i/st of se>-al inter(o-rse or .-st 4efore +e 'as a4o-t to +a3e t+e se>-al inter(o-rse '+i(+ +e +as state/ on t+e 4asis of 0arital e>2erien(e is not+in1 4-t a 0e/i(al 4las2+e0, an/ t+is 2art of e3i/en(e s0a(7s of +is la(7 of 7no'le/1e of forensi( s(ien(e an/ +e +as ne3er state/ s-(+ fa(t to t+e in3esti1ators 6nil D-0ar Sa0ania) C.B.I. Ins2e(tor S.$. Sa(+an an/ 5r. 6.C.#. Da-l -n/er se(tion 1=1 Cr.P.C. an/ t+-s in t+e (o-rt +e +as 1i3en t+e a4o3e state0ent for t+e first ti0e after 0a7in1 i02ro3e0ents an/ +en(e no relian(e (an 4e 2la(e/ -2on s-(+ testi0on, of "r. Nares+ Ra.. It 'as f-rt+er (onten/e/ t+at "r. Nares+ Ra. +as +i0self
Pa1e 40
a/0itte/ in +is e3i/en(e t+at +e (annot 2ro/-(e an, a-t+orit, '+atsoe3er in s-22ort of a4o3e state0ent an/ rat+er +e +as a/0itte/ t+at +e a1ree/ 'it+ t+e o2inion of 5o/i on 5e/i(al 9-ris2r-/en(e) 8orensi( S(ien(e an/ To>i(olo1, t+at Afro0 18 to &= +o-rs or 48 +o-rs after /eat+) e,es are for(e/ o-t of t+eir so(7ets) a frot+, re//is+ fl-i/ or 0-(-s is for(e/ o-t of t+e 0o-t+ an/ nostrils) a4/o0en 4e(o0e 1reatl, /isten/e/) t+e 2enis an/ s(rot-0 4e(o0e enor0o-sl, s'ollenK an/ t+-s t+e e3i/en(e of "r. Nares+ Ra. /oes not len/ an, (re/en(e t+at 2enis of $e0ra. 'as inflate/ /-e to 4ein1 en1a1e/ in se>-al inter(o-rse an/ a((or/in1l, t+eor, of 1ra3e an/ s-//en 2ro3o(ation 4ase/ on noo7s as 2ro.e(te/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion +as to 4e re.e(te/ in toto. T+e ne>t (ontention 2-t for'ar/ 4, t+e learne/ (o-nsel is t+at 4ot+ "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re an/ "r. Nares+ Ra. 'ere t+e 0e04ers of t+e e>2ert (o00ittee (onstit-te/ 4, t+e in3esti1atin1 a1en(, an/ after e>a0inin1 n-04er of /o(-0entar, e3i/en(e s-(+ as in@-est re2orts) 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2orts of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/) re2ort >+i4it-7+a-17 'as 1i3en 4, t+e (o00ittee in '+i(+ it 'as 0entione/ t+at no fin/in1 in/i(ati3e of se>-al assa-lt is 0entione/ in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort an/ in.-ries as 0entione/ in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2orts of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ (o-l/ +a3e 4een 2ossi4le also 4, a +ea3, 'ea2on li7e 7-7ri +a3in1 4ot+ s+ar2-e/1e an/ 4l-nt 2ortion/e/1e an/ t+-s t+e e3i/en(e of 'itness "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re t+at in.-ries no. 1 an/ & of 5s. 6ar-s+i 0a, +a3e 4een (a-se/ 4, 1olf sti(7 an/ in.-ries no. 2 an/ 4 0a, 4e 2ossi4le /-e to -se of s-r1i(all,
Pa1e 41
s+ar2-e/1e/ 'ea2on an/ e3i/en(e of 'itness "r. Nares+ Ra. t+at in.-ries no. = an/ 7 of $e0ra. are 2ossi4le to +a3e 4een (a-se/ 4, 4l-nt o4.e(t s-(+ as 1olf sti(7 an/ in.-r, no. & 0a, 4e (a-se/ 4, s(al2el (annot 4e a((e2te/. 6not+er le1 of ar1-0ent is t+at 5r. 6.C.#. Da-l +as (learl, 0entione/ in +is (los-re re2ort t+at no 4loo/ of $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ on t+e 4e/-s+eet an/ 2illo' of 6ar-s+i) t+ere is no e3i/en(e to 2ro3e t+at $e0ra. 'as 0-r/ere/ in t+e roo0 of 6ar-s+i) s(ientifi( tests on "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar +a3e not (on(l-si3el, in/i(ate/ t+eir in3ol3e0ent in t+e (ri0e) t+e e>a(t se@-en(e of e3ents in t+e inter3enin1 ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 to =.00 6.5. in t+e 0ornin1 is not (lear) t+e offen(e +as ta7en 2la(e in an en(lose/ flat) +en(e) no e,e'itnesses are a3aila4le an/ t+e (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e (olle(te/ /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of in3esti1ation +a3e (riti(al an/ s-4stantial 1a2s an/ t+ere is a4sen(e of (lear-(-t 0oti3e an/ non re(o3er, of an, 'ea2on of offen(e an/ t+eir lin7 eit+er to t+e ser3ants or to t+e 2arents. It 'as also ar1-e/ t+at all t+e >+i4its (olle(te/ fro0 t+e roo0 of 6ar-s+i 'ere e>a0ine/ 4, P.!.-= "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra 4-t +e +as no '+ere state/ t+at 4loo/ of $e0ra. an/ "N6 of $e0ra. 'ere fo-n/ on an, of >+i4its e>a0ine/ 4, +i0. Si0ilarl, P.!.-2; 5r. S.P.R. Prasa/ +as no '+ere state/ t+at 4loo/ or "N6 of $e0ra. 'ere fo-n/ in t+e >+i4its e>a0ine/ 4, +i0 an/ e3en 4iolo1i(al fl-i/ li7e se0en (o-l/ not 4e /ete(te/ in t+e -n/er1ar0ents of $e0ra. an/ as s-(+ it 4e(o0es 2ell-(i/ t+at fro0 t+e e3i/en(e it is not esta4lis+e/ t+at 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 'ere en1a1e/ in
Pa1e 42
se>-al inter(o-rse '+i(+ 0a, +a3e enra1e/ t+e a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar to eli0inate t+e /e(ease/ 2ersons an/ ".!.-& "r. %r0il S+ar0a +a/ (ate1ori(all, state/ in +er e3i/en(e t+at in a 1irl of a4o-t 1&-14 ,ears of a1e) /-e to +or0onal (+an1es 4et'een t'o 0enstr-al (,(les) t+ere is nor0al 2+,si(al an/ 4iolo1i(al /is(+ar1e '+i(+ is of '+ite (olo-r an/ a22ears at t+e (er3i>M if t+ere is 0ore /is(+ar1e) t+en t+e sa0e (an flo' o-t of t+e 3a1inal (anal an/ t+ro-1+ t+e 3a1inal o2enin1M nor0al 2+,siolo1i(al an/ 4iolo1i(al /is(+ar1e 'ill not sti(7 to 3a1inal 'all -nless an/ -ntil one /oes not 1et infe(te/M 'it+o-t 0i(ros(o2i( e>a0ination it (annot 4e fo-n/ o-t an/ sai/ '+et+er t+e /is(+ar1e is 4iolo1i(al /is(+ar1e or fro0 an o-tsi/e so-r(eM /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of 3a1inal e>a0ination) t+e 3a1inal (anal (annot 4e seen -nless 4ot+ la4ia are se2arate/ 'it+ t+e +el2 of an instr-0entM t+e la4ia are se2arate/ 'it+ t+e +an/ an/ for t+e 2-r2oses of seein1 t+e 3a1inal (anal) a s2e(-l-0 +as to 4e inserte/) onl, t+en t+e 3a1inal (anal 'ill 4e seenM if t+e /ea/ 4o/, of 1&-14 ,ears ol/ 1irl is e>a0ine/ for t+e 2-r2oses of +er 3a1inal e>a0ination) t+en t+e 3a1inal orifi(e s+all not 4e fo-n/ o2en an/ t+e 3a1inal (anal (annot 4e seenM in (ase of a 1irl '+o +as a torn +,0en (ol/ torn) an/ is -se/ to se>-al inter(o-rse) if after +er /eat+ an/ /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of ri1or 0ortis) +er 3a1ina is (leane/) t+en in t+at sit-ation) t+e 0o-t+ of t+e 3a1ina s+all not re0ain o2enM in a (ase '+ere ri1or 0ortis +as starte/ an/ after an +o-r t+e 3a1ina is o2ene/ an/ (leane/ 'it+ (otton) e3en t+en t+e 0o-t+ of t+e 3a1ina 'ill re0ain (lose/ an/ e3en if ri1or 0ortis +as
Pa1e 4&
/e3elo2e/ all o3er t+e 4o/, an/ if so0eone atte02ts to for(i4l, o2en t+e 3a1ina) t+en /efinitel,) t+ere 'ill 4e in.-r, 0ar7s in t+e 3a1ina an/ it 0a, re0ain o2en. 5r. 5ir +as also in3ite/ 0, attention to'ar/s t+e e3i/en(e of ".!.-4 "r. R.D. S+ar0a '+o too +as /e2ose/ t+at in a (ase '+ere t+e ri1or 0ortis +as .-st starte/ or +as /e3elo2e/ an/ if so0eone tries to interfere 'it+ t+e 3a1inal (a3it, or 1enital or1ans) t+en in t+at area) 2eri0orte0 in.-ries 'ill 4e (a-se/) '+i(+ 'ill /e2en/ -2on +o' 0-(+ for(e 'as -se/M in t+is area) one is 4o-n/ to see 4r-ises) la(erations) tears an/ /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of 2ost0orte0) t+ese 'o-l/ 4e (learl, 3isi4leM t+e in.-res '+i(+ are (a-se/ after t+e /eat+) t+e, are (alle/ 2eri0orte0 in.-riesM if /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of 2ost0orte0) t+e 2ost0orte0 /o(tor '+ile (on/-(tin1 3a1inal e>a0ination fin/s t+at t+e 3a1inal orifi(e is o2ene/ an/ 3a1inal (a3it, is 3isi4le) t+en in t+is sit-ation Eno a4nor0alit, /ete(te/E (annot 4e 'ritten in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ortM no s-4.e(ti3e fin/in1 (an 4e 1i3enM in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of $e0ra. "r. Nares+ Ra. +as 'ritten t+at e,es 'ere 2rotr-/in1 o-t) 4loo/ ooFin1 o-t of 0o-t+ an/ nostrils) sto0a(+ 'as /isten/e/ an/ t+ere 'as s'ellin1 in t+e 2enis '+i(+ are all si1ns of 2-trifi(ation an/ t+erefore) s'ellin1 in t+e 2enis an/ s(rot-0 'as an a((o-nt of 2-trifi(ation of t+e /ea/ 4o/, an/ not 4e(a-se of se>-al inter(o-rse an/ t+-s it is 0anifest t+at t+eor, of 1ra3e an/ s-//en 2ro3o(ation (an +ar/l, 4e 4elie3e/ an/ t+e s2-n an/ str-(t-re of t+e 2rose(-tion stor, is /e3oi/ of
Pa1e 44
realit, an/ t+e a((-se/ /eser3e (o02-r1ation 4, 1i3in1 t+e0 4enefit of /o-4t. To 4-ttress +is ar1-0ents) 5r. 5ir +as 2la(e/ relian(e on Sha3%hu Nath 0ehra *s. State of A,3er AI+ 18<; SC 404 *./. Jhingan *s. State of (.). AI+ 18;; SC 17;2 59JJ6 2ali +a3 *s. State of 'i3achal )radesh 518796 2 SCC >0> 59JJ6 ?ogendra 0orar,i *s. State of #u,arat 518>06 2 SCC 21> 59JJ6 Shan4arlal #7arasilal *s. State of 0aharashtra 518>16 2 SCC 9< 59JJ6 Sharad "irdhichand Sarda *s. State of 0aharashtra 518>46 4 SCC 11; 59JJ6 )adala *eera +edd7 *s. State of A.). 18>8 Supp 526 SCC 70; 59JJ6 State of '.). *s. Jai &al 7 @rs. 518886 7 SCC 2>0 Sha3nsahe% 0. 0ulttani *s. State of 2arnata4a 520016 2 SCC <77 59JJ6 2a,al Sen *s. State of Assa3 520026 2 SCC <<1 0ousa3 Singha +o7 *s. State of :" 520096 12 SCC 977 Anil Shar3a *s. State of Jhar4hand 520046 < SCC ;78 #affar "adshaha )athan *s. State of 0aharashtra 520046 10 SCC <>8 ).0ani *s. State of T.N. 5200;6 9 SCC 1;1 *i4ra3 Jeet Singh =s. State of )un,a% 5200;6 12 SCC 90; +a3esh Chandra Agar-al *s. +egenc7 'ospital &td. 520086 8 SCC 708 Su%ra3ania3 *s. State of T.N. 520086 14 SCC 41< Niran,an )an,a *s. State of :est "engal 520106 ; SCC <2< "a%u *s. State of 2erala 520106 8 SCC 1>8 Sunil 2u3ar Sa3%huda7al *s. State of 0aharashtra 520106 19 SCC ;<7 2al7an 2u3ar #ogoi *s. Ashutosh Agnihotri 520116 2 SCC <92 #o=ind +a,u A #o=ind *s. State 520126 4 SCC 722 0ani4 #a-ali *s. State of
Pa1e 4;
0aharashtra Crl. Appeal No. 282 of 200; /e(i/e/ 4, $onE4le $i1+ Co-rt of Bo04a, +ishipal *s. State of (ttara4hand 2019 Cr.&.J. 1<94 an/ Jo7de% )atra *s. State of :est "engal 2019 Cr.&.J. 2728. Co-nter3ailin1 t+e s-40issions of learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ it 'as 3e+e0entl, ar1-e/ on 4e+alf of 2rose(-tion t+at fro0 t+e e3i/en(e on re(or/ it 4roo7s no /is2-te t+at '+itis+ /is(+ar1e 'as fo-n/ in t+e 3a1ina of 5s. 6ar-s+i at t+e ti0e of 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination of +er /ea/ 4o/, '+i(+ (on(l-si3el, /e0onstrates t+at 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 'ere in/-l1e/ in se>-al inter(o-rse an/ t+e 4e/s+eet 4elo' t+e 2el3i( re1ion of t+e /e(ease/ 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as fo-n/ 'et an/ no 4iolo1i(al fl-i/ 'as /ete(te/ /-rin1 t+e e>a0ination of 4e/-s+eetM t+e strin1 of tro-ser of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as fo-n/ -ntie/M Ts+irt of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as .-st a4o3e t+e 'aist an/ tro-ser 'as .-st 4elo' t+e 'aist as is e3i/ent fro0 t+e 2er-sal of 2+oto1ra2+s 0aterial >+i4its-1) 2 an/ 4 '+i(+ (learl, s-11est t+at 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 'ere seen on t+e .o4 an/ +en(e t+e, 'ere eli0inate/ an/ t+e a((-se/ 'ere 7no'in1 t+is fa(t an/ +en(e a22re+ensi3e t+at in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of 5s. 6ar-s+i t+e e3i/en(e of (oit-s 0a, s-rfa(e of ,e an/ Care t+erefore) $os2ital) "r. S-s+il C+a-/+ar, Se(tor-2=)
N.<.I.".6. 0a/e a tele2+one (all to 2re3io-sl, a(@-ainte/ P.!.-7 D.D. Ca-ta0) a retire/ 2oli(e offi(er to see t+at no o4ser3ation re1ar/in1 e3i/en(e of se>-al inter(o-rse s+o-l/ (o0e in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort an/ t+is fa(t is a4-n/antl, 2ro3e/ fro0 t+e (all-/etail re(or/s of "r.
Pa1e 4=
"ines+ Tal'ar) 4rot+er of t+e a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar) "r. S-s+il C+a-/+ar, an/ 5r. D.D. Ca-ta0. It 'as also ar1-e/ t+at P.!.-; "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re +as /e2ose/ t+at '+en +e 'as 1oin1 to'ar/s t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination roo0 t+en "r. "ines+ Tal'ar 1a3e +i0 a (ell-2+one an/ tol/ +i0 to tal7 'it+ "r. T.". "o1ra of 8orensi( 5e/i(ines) 6.I.I.5.S an/ t+en +e tal7e/ 'it+ "r. "o1ra. It 'as also +aran1-e/ t+at in/-4ita4l, 4ot+ t+e 0-r/ers 'ere (o00itte/ in t+e ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 'it+in t+e fo-r-'all of flat no. #-&2 an/ as s-(+ in t+e 1i3en (ir(-0stan(es t+e 2rose(-tion is not 4o-n/ to e>2lain ea(+ an/ e3er, +,2ot+esis 2-t for'ar/ 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/ sin(e fro0 t+e 2rose(-tion e3i/en(e it is esta4lis+e/ t+at t+e 0-r/ers 'ere (o00itte/ insi/e t+e flat no. #-&2 an/ 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 'ere 2resent t+ere in t+e ni1+t an/ t+erefore) '+en 2ri0a fa(ie t+e 2rose(-tion +as 2ro3e/ t+e 2resen(e of t+e a((-se/ 2ersons insi/e t+e flat in t+e fatef-l ni1+t an/ +en(e in 3ie' of t+e 2ro3isions as (ontaine/ in se(tion 10= of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t) it 'as o4li1ator, on t+e 2art of t+e a((-se/ 2ersons to r-le o-t t+e t+eor, of 1ra3e an/ s-//en 2ro3o(ation as also to esta4lis+ t+at so0e4o/, else ot+er t+an t+e a((-se/ 2ersons +as (o00itte/ t+e 0-r/ers '+i(+ t+e, (o-l/ not esta4lis+ an/ t+erefore) in t+ese (ir(-0stan(es t+e ar1-0ents of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ /eser3e to 4e re.e(te/. I +a3e (o1itate/ o3er t+e ri3al s-40issions 0a/e on eit+er si/e. 6/0itte/l,) t+e (ase in +an/ is not 4ase/ on 2er(i2ient e3i/en(e an/ rat+er +in1es on (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e. To 4e1in at t+e
Pa1e 47
4e1innin1) it a22ears a22osite to /eal 'it+ t+e (on(e2t of 2roof 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t. 5r. Ra0 Co2al in BIndia of *edic 2alpsutrasC +as state/ at 2a1e no. 201 t+at e3en -n/er t+e an(ient s,ste0 of a/0inistration of Cri0inal .-sti(e) t+e 4enefit of /o-4t 'as al'a,s 1i3en to t+e a((-se/. So
62asta04a lai/ /o'n t+at Au%
p~% lUnsgs n.Me~
dqfj;kr~C (t+e 7in1 s+o-l/ not 2-nis+ an, 2erson in

(ase of /o-4t). It 'ill 4e a22osite to refer to Para ;.2; of t+e re2ort of t+e (o00ittee on Refor0s of Cri0inal 9-sti(e S,ste0 :ol-0e 1) 200& '+i(+ (onsi/ere/ t+e +istori(al 4a(71ro-n/ of t+e 2rin(i2le of IProof 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4tB. Para ;.2;- AT+e 2rin(i2le of 2roof 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t 'as e3ol3e/ in t+e (onte>t of t+e s,ste0 of .-r, trial in t+e %nite/ Din1/o0. T+e 3er/i(t on t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ 'as t+e res2onsi4ilit, of t+e .-r,. T+e .-r, (onsiste/ of or/inar, (itiFens in t+e lo(alit,. 6s t+e, are not traine/ .-/1es) t+e, 0a, .-02 to t+e (on(l-sion 'it+o-t /-e (are an/ (on(ern for t+e ri1+ts of t+e a((-se/. T+erefore) stan/ar/ of 2roof 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t a22ears to +a3e 4een e3ol3e/ for t+e 1-i/an(e of t+e .-r,. T+at 2rin(i2le '+i(+ 'as ori1inall, 0eant for t+e 1-i/an(e of t+e .-r, is 4ein1 follo'e/ 4, all t+e (o-rts of t+e (o-ntries '+i(+ follo' (o00on la'K. It a22ears see0l, to tra(e t+e (on(e2t of 2roof 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t as e3ol3e/ 4, s-2erior la' (o-rts of n1lan/ an/ In/ia. In 0iller *s. 0inister
Pa1e 48
or )ensions 518476 All 1ngland &a- +eports 972 5*ol.26 #or/ "ennin1 9. o4ser3e/) AINNNN 2roof 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t /oes not 0ean 2roof 4e,on/ t+e s+a/o' of a /o-4t. T+e la' 'o-l/ fail to 2rote(t t+e (o00-nit, if it a/0itte/ fan(if-l 2ossi4ilities to /efle(t t+e (o-rse of .-sti(e. If t+e e3i/en(e is so stron1 a1ainst a 0an as to lea/ onl, to a re0ote 2ossi4ilit, in +is fa3o-r '+i(+ (an 4e /is0isse/ 'it+ t+e senten(e Aof (o-rse) it is 2ossi4le) 4-t not in t+e least 2ro4a4leK t+e (ase is 2ro3e/ 4e,on/ /o-4tNN.K. T+e (on(e2t of 4enefit of /o-4t +as 4een e>2laine/ in 0an, /e(isions '+i(+ +a3e (onsistentl, 4een follo'e/ in a (atena of (ases) an/ are referre/ to in!ra for rea/, referen(e:6 strea0 of r-lin1s of t+e $onE4le S-2re0e Co-rt (o00en(in1 'it+ t+e 0.#. Agar-al *s. State of 0aharashtra 518;96 2 SC+ 40< 481D AI+ 18;9 SC 200D 518;96 1 Cri &J 29< an/ (li0a>e/ 4, Su,it "is-as *s. State of Assa3 2019 5>26 ACC 4;7 5SC6 +as settle/ t+e la' on t+is as2e(t an/ t+ere is no le1al 0aelstro0 a4o-t it. In 0.#. Agar-al *s. State of 0aharashtra 518;96 2 SC+ 40< 481D AI+ 18;9 SC 200D 518;96 1 Cri #9 2&;) it 'as o4ser3e/ 4, t+e Constit-tion Ben(+ of t+e $onB4le S-2re0e Co-rt as 4elo':AIt is a 'ell esta4lis+e/ r-le in (ri0inal .-ris2r-/en(e t+at (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e (an 4e reasona4l, 0a/e t+e 4asis of an a((-se/ 2ersonBs (on3i(tion if it is of s-(+ a (+ara(ter t+at it is '+oll, in(onsistent 'it+ t+e inno(en(e of t+e a((-se/ an/
Pa1e 4?
is (onsistent onl, 'it+ +is 1-ilt. If t+e (ir(-0stan(es 2ro3e/ in t+e (ase are (onsistent eit+er 'it+ t+e inno(en(e of t+e a((-se/ or 'it+ +is 1-ilt) t+en t+e a((-se/ is entitle/ to t+e 4enefit of /o-4t. T+ere is no /o-4t or /is2-te a4o-t t+is 2osition. B-t in a22l,in1 t+is 2rin(i2le) it is ne(essar, to /istin1-is+ 4et'een fa(ts '+i(+ 0a, 4e (alle/ 2ri0ar, or 4asi( on t+e one +an/ an/ inferen(e of fa(ts to 4e /ra'n fro0 t+e0 on t+e ot+er. In re1ar/ to t+e 2roof of 4asi( or 2ri0ar, fa(ts t+e (o-rt +as to .-/1e t+e e3i/en(e in t+e or/inar, 'a, an/ in t+e a22re(iation of e3i/en(e in res2e(t of t+e 2roof of t+ese 4asi( or 2ri0ar, fa(ts t+ere is no s(o2e for t+e a22li(ation of t+e /o(trine of 4enefit of /o-4t. T+e (o-rt (onsi/ers t+e e3i/en(e an/ /e(i/es '+et+er t+at e3i/en(e 2ro3es a 2arti(-lar fa(t or not. !+en it is +el/ t+at a (ertain fa(t is 2ro3e/) t+e @-estion arises '+et+er t+at fa(t lea/s to t+e inferen(e of 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ 2erson or not) an/ in /ealin1 'it+ t+is as2e(t of t+e 2ro4le0) t+e /o(trine of 4enefit of /o-4t 'o-l/ a22l, an/ an inferen(e of 1-ilt (an 4e /ra'n onl, if t+e 2ro3e/ fa(t is '+oll, in(onsistent 'it+ t+e inno(en(e of t+e a((-se/ an/ is (onsistent onl, 'it+ +is 1-ilt.K T+e follo'in1 o4ser3ations 0a/e in 'i3achal )radesh Ad3inistration *s. @3 )ra4ash AI+ 1872 SC 87< are also 3er, 2ertinent. ANNNT+e 4enefit of /o-4t to '+i(+ t+e a((-se/ is entitle/ is reasona4le /o-4t- t+e /o-4t '+i(+ rational t+in7in1 0an 'ill reasona4l,) +onestl, an/ (ons(ientio-sl, entertain an/ not t+e /o-4t of a ti0i/ 0in/ '+i(+ fi1+ts s+,- t+o-1+ -n'ittin1l, it 0a, 4e- or is afrai/ of t+e lo1i(al
Pa1e ;0
(onse@-en(es) if t+at 4enefit 'as not 1i3en or as one 1reat .-/1e sai/ Ait is not t+e /o-4t of t+e 3a(illatin1 0in/ t+at +as not t+e 0oral (o-ra1e to /e(i/e 4, s+elters itself in a 3ain an/ i/le s(e2ti(is0.K It /oes not 0ean t+at t+e e3i/en(e 0-st 4e so stron1 as to e>(l-/e e3en a re0ote 2ossi4ilit, t+at t+e a((-se/ (o-l/ not +a3e (o00itte/ t+e offen(e. If t+at 'ere so) t+e la' 'o-l/ fail to 2rote(t so(iet, as in no (ase (an s-(+ a 2ossi4ilit, 4e e>(l-/e/. It 'ill 1i3e roo0 for fan(if-l (on.e(t-res or -ntena4le /o-4ts an/ 'ill res-lt in /efle(tin1 t+e (o-rse of .-sti(e if not t+'artin1 it all to1et+er. It for t+is reason t+at t+e 2+rase +as 4een (riti(iFe/NN.. T+e 0ere fa(t t+at t+ere is a re0ote 2ossi4ilit, in fa3o-r of a((-se/ is itself s-ffi(ient to esta4lis+ t+e (ase 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4ts. T+is t+en is t+e a22roa(+.K In Jennison *s. "a4er 1872 516 A&& 1+ 887E518726 2 F" <2) it 'as 2it+il, state/: A#a' s+o-l/ not 4e seen to sit 4, li02l,) '+ile t+ose '+o /ef, it 1o free) an/ t+ose '+o see7 its 2rote(tion lose +o2e.K In(reasin1l, 2eo2le are 4elie3in1 as o4ser3e/ 4, Sal0on/ @-ote/ 4, "io1enes #aerti-s in A#ines of t+e 2+iloso2+ersK la's are li7e s2i/ersE 'e4s) if so0e li1+t or 2o'erless t+in1 falls into t+e0) it is (a-1+t) 4-t 4i11er one (an 4rea7 t+ro-1+ an/ 1et a'a,. 9onat+an S'ift in +is A ssa, on t+e 8a(-lties of t+e 5in/K sai/ in si0ilar lines: Ala's are li7e of (o4 'e4s) '+i(+ 0a, (at(+ s0all flies) 4-t let 'as2s an/ +ornets 4rea7 t+ro-1+.K In Shi=a,i Saha%rao "o%ade and another *s. State of 0aharashtra 518796 2 SC 789) it 'as o4ser3e/ 4, a t+ree 9-/1e Ben(+ of t+e $onB4le
Pa1e ;1
S-2re0e Co-rt- A 3en at t+is sta1e 'e 0a, re0in/ o-rsel3es of a ne(essar, so(ial 2ers2e(ti3e in (ri0inal (ases '+i(+ s-ffers fro0 ins-ffi(ient forensi( a22re(iation. T+e /an1ers of e>a11erate/ /e3otion to t+e r-le of 4enefit of /o-4t at t+e e>2ense of so(ial /efen(e an/ to t+e soot+in1 senti0ent t+at all a(@-ittals are al'a,s 1oo/ re1ar/less of .-sti(e to t+e 3i(ti0 an/ t+e (o00-nit,) /e0an/ es2e(ial e02+asis in t+e (onte02orar, (onte>t of es(alatin1 (ri0e an/ es(a2e. T+e .-/i(ial instr-0ent +as a 2-4li( a((o-nta4ilit,. T+e (+eris+e/ 2rin(i2les or 1ol/en t+rea/ of 2roof 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t '+i(+ r-ns t+ro-1+ t+e 'e4 of o-r la' s+o-l/ not 4e stret(+e/ 0or4i/l, to e04ra(e e3er, +-n(+) +esitan(, an/ /e1ree of /o-4t. T+e e>(essi3e soli(it-/e refle(te/ in t+e attit-/e t+at a t+o-san/ 1-ilt, 0en 0a, 1o 4-t one inno(ent 0art,r s+all not s-ffer is a false /ile00a. <nl, reasona4le /o-4ts 4elon1 to t+e a((-se/. <t+er'ise an, 2ra(ti(al s,ste0 of .-sti(e 'ill t+en 4rea7 /o'n an/ lose (re/i4ilit, 'it+ t+e (o00-nit,. T+e e3il of a(@-ittin1 a 1-ilt, 2erson li1+t +earte/l, as a learne/ a-t+or (Clan3ille !illia0s in IProof of C-iltB) +as sa2ientl, o4ser3e/) 1oes 0-(+ 4e,on/ t+e si02le fa(t t+at .-st one 1-ilt, 2erson +as 1one -n2-nis+e/. If -n0erite/ a(@-ittals 4e(o0e 1eneral) t+e, ten/ to lea/ to a (,ni(al /isre1ar/ of t+e la') an/ t+is in t-rn lea/s to a 2-4li( /e0an/ for +ars+er le1al 2res-02tions a1ainst in/i(ate/ I2ersonsB an/ 0ore se3ere 2-nis+0ent of t+ose '+o are fo-n/ 1-ilt,. T+-s) too fre@-ent a(@-ittals of t+e 1-ilt, 0a, lea/ to a fero(io-s 2enal la') e3ent-all, ero/in1 t+e .-/i(ial
Pa1e ;2
2rote(tion of t+e 1-iltless. 8or all t+ese reasons it is tr-e to sa,) 'it+ :is(o-nt Si0on) t+at Aa 0is(arria1e of .-sti(e 0a, arise fro0 t+e a(@-ittal of t+e 1-ilt, no less t+an fro0 t+e (on3i(tion of t+e inno(entN.. In s+ort) o-r .-ris2r-/ential ent+-sias0 for 2res-0e/ inno(en(e 0-st 4e 0o/erate/ 4, t+e 2ra10ati( nee/ to 0a7e (ri0inal .-sti(e 2otent an/ realisti(. 6 4alan(e +as to 4e str-(7 4et'een (+asin1 (+an(e 2ossi4ilities as 1oo/ eno-1+ to set t+e /elin@-ent free an/ (+o22in1 t+e lo1i( of 2re2on/erant inno(entsK. In State of )un,a% *s. Jagir Singh "al,it Singh AI+ 1879 SC 2407) it 'as a1ain o4ser3e/ t+at A6 (ri0inal trial is not li7e a fair, tale '+erein one is free to 1i3e fli1+t to oneBs i0a1ination an/ fantas,. It (on(erns itself 'it+ t+e @-estion as to '+et+er t+e a((-se/ arrai1ne/ at t+e trial is 1-ilt, of t+e (ri0e 'it+ '+i(+ +e is (+ar1e/. Cri0e is an e3ent in real life an/ is t+e 2ro/-(t of an inter2la, of /ifferent +-0an e0otions. In arri3in1 at t+e (on(l-sion of a (ri0e) t+e (o-rt +as to .-/1e t+e e3i/en(e 4, ,ar/sti(7 of 2ro4a4ilities) its intrinsi( 'ort+ an/ t+e ani0-s of t+e 'itnesses. 3er, (ase in t+e final anal,sis 'o-l/ +a3e to /e2en/ -2on its o'n fa(ts. 6lt+o-1+ t+e 4enefit of e3er, reasona4le /o-4t s+o-l/ 4e 1i3en to t+e a((-se/) t+e (o-rt s+o-l/ not at t+e sa0e ti0e re.e(t e3i/en(e '+i(+ is e" !acie tr-st'ort+, on 1ro-n/s '+i(+ are fan(if-l or in t+e nat-re of (on.e(t-res.K In /hara3 /as :adh-ani *s. State of (.). 518746 4 SCC 2;7) it +as 4een o4ser3e/ t+at t+e r-le of 4enefit of reasona4le /o-4t /oes not i02l, a
Pa1e ;&
2ro4a4ilit,
to
2-nis+
0ar1inal
frail 'illo' 4en/in1 to e3er, '+iff of +esitan(,. 9-/1es are 0a/e of sterner st-ff an/ 0-st ta7e a 2ra(ti(al 3ie' of le1iti0ate inferen(es flo'in1 fro0 e3i/en(e) (ir(-0stantial or /ire(t. 6t t+e sa0e ti0e) it 0a, 4e affir0e/) as 2ointe/ o-t in 2ali +a3 *s. State of '.). 518796 2 SCC >0> t+at if reasona4le /o-4t arises re1ar/in1 t+e 1-ilt of a((-se/) t+e 4enefit of t+at (annot 4e 'it++el/ fro0 +i0. If (ri0e is to 4e 2-nis+e/ 1ossa0er 'e4 ni(eties 0-st ,iel/ to realisti( a22raisals. T+e test t+at t+e a((-se/ 0-st 4e 1-ilt, an/ not 0a, 4e 1-ilt, s+o-l/ not 4e (onf-se/ 'it+ e>(l-sion of e3er, (ontrar, 2ossi4ilit,. T+is (o-rt is (ons(io-s) to @-ote 1reat 60eri(an 9-/1e 9-sti(e $ol0es) of t+e Afelt ne(essities of ti0eK. In Narotta3 Singh *s. State of )un,a% and others 18>0 SCC 5Crl.6 119) it +as 4een +el/ t+at t+e Asa(re/ (o'sK of s+a/o', /o-4ts an/ 0ar1inal 0ista7es) 2ro(ess-al or ot+er) (an not /eter t+e (o-rt fro0 2-nis+in1 (ri0e '+ere it +as 4een sensi4l, an/ s-4stantiall, 4ro-1+t +o0e. In State of 'ar7ana *s. "hagirath 518886 < SCC 8; it 'as o4ser3e/: ANN B-t t+e 2rin(i2le of 4enefit of /o-4t 4elon1s e>(l-si3el, to (ri0inal 9-ris2r-/en(e. T+e 2ristine /o(trine of 4enefit of /o-4t (an 4e in3o7e/ '+en t+ere is a reasona4le /o-4t re1ar/in1 t+e 1-ilt of a((-se/. It is t+e reasona4le /o-4t '+i(+ a (ons(ientio-s .-/i(ial 0in/ entertains on a (ons2e(t-s of t+e entire e3i/en(e t+at t+e a((-se/ 0i1+t not +a3e (o00itte/ t+e offen(e) '+i(+ affor/s t+e 4enefit to a((-se/ at t+e en/ of t+e (ri0inal trial. Benefit of /o-4t is not a le1al /osa1e
Pa1e ;4
to 4e a/0inistere/ at e3er, se10ent of t+e e3i/en(e) 4-t an, a/3anta1e to 4e affor/e/ to t+e a((-se/ at t+e final en/ after (onsi/eration of t+e entire e3i/en(e) if t+e .-/1e (ons(ientio-sl, an/ reasona4l, entertains /o-4t re1ar/in1 t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/. It is nearl, i02ossi4le in an, (ri0inal trial to 2ro3e all t+e ele0ents 'it+ a s(ientifi( 2re(ision. 6 (ri0inal (o-rt (o-l/ 4e (on3in(e/ of t+e 1-ilt onl, 4e,on/ t+e ran1e of a reasona4le /o-4t. <f (o-rse) t+e e>2ression Areasona4le /o-4tK is in(a2a4le of /efinition. 5o/ern t+in7in1 is in fa3o-r of t+e 3ie' t+at 2roof 4e,on/ a reasona4le /o-4t is t+e sa0e as 2roof '+i(+ affor/s 0oral (ertaint, to t+e .-/1e. 8ran(is !+arton) a (ele4rate/ 'riter on (ri0inal la' in t+e %nite/ States +as @-ote/ fro0 .-/i(ial 2rono-n(e0ents in +is 4oo7 !+artonBs Cri0inal 3i/en(e (at 2. &1) :ol. 1 of t+e 12t+ follo's:AIt is /iffi(-lt to /efine t+e 2+rase Ireasona4le /o-4tB. $o'e3er) in all (ri0inal (ases a (aref-l e>2lanation of t+e ter0 o-1+t to 4e 1i3en. 6 /efinition often @-ote/ or follo'e/ is t+at 1i3en 4, C+ief 9-sti(e S+a' in t+e !e4ster (ase. $e sa,s: IIt is not 0ere 2ossi4le /o-4t) 4e(a-se e3er,t+in1 relatin1 to +-0an affairs an/ /e2en/in1 -2on 0oral e3i/en(e is o2en to so0e 2ossi4le or i0a1inar, /o-4t. It is t+at state of t+e (ase '+i(+) after t+e entire (o02arison an/ (onsi/eration of all t+e e3i/en(e) lea3es t+e 0in/s of t+e .-rors in t+at (onsi/eration t+at t+e, (annot sa, t+e, feel an /n.) as
Pa1e ;;
a4i/in1 (on3i(tion to a 0oral (ertaint, of t+e tr-t+ of t+e (+ar1e.B K In t+e treatise The &a- of Cri3inal 1=idence a-t+ore/ 4, '.C. (nderhill it is state/ (at 2. &4) :ol. 1 of t+e ;t+ /n.) t+-s: AT+e /o-4t to 4e reasona4le 0-st 4e s-(+ a one as an +onest) sensi4le an/ fair-0in/e/ 0an 0i1+t) 'it+ reason) entertain (onsistent 'it+ a (ons(ientio-s /esire to as(ertain t+e tr-t+. 6n +onestl, entertaine/ /o-4t of 1-ilt is a reasona4le /o-4t. 6 3a1-e (on.e(t-re or an inferen(e of t+e 2ossi4ilit, of t+e inno(en(e of t+e a((-se/ is not a reasona4le /o-4t. 6 reasona4le /o-4t is one '+i(+ arises fro0 a (onsi/eration of all t+e e3i/en(e in fair an/ reasona4le 'a,. T+ere 0-st 4e a (an/i/ (onsi/eration of all t+e e3i/en(e an/ if) after t+is (an/i/ (onsi/eration is +a/ 4, t+e .-rors) t+ere re0ains in t+e 0in/s a (on3i(tion of t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/) t+en t+ere is no roo0 for a reasona4le /o-4t.K In 0unicipal Corporation of /elhi *s. +a3 2ishan +ohtagi 518>96 1 SCC!1 Ta4ha,i 'ira,i *s. Tha4ur 2u%er Singh Cha3an Singh . others 520016 ; SCC 14< 59 JJ6 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at 4enefit of /o-4t 0-st al'a,s 4e reasona4le an/ not fan(if-l. In 2rishna . others *s. State 520096 7 SCC <; "atcu *ain4atesh-arlu and others *s. )u%lic )rosecutor 'igh Court of A.). 2008 516 CCSC 1 59JJ6 0uruga3 *s. State 2008 516 () Cr.+. 74 5SC6 State through C"I *s. 0ahendra Singh /ahi7a AI+ 2011 SC 1017 IG%al 0oosa )atel *s. State of #u,arat 2011
Pa1e ;=
Cr.&.J. 1142 5SC6
Chhotanne7 . others *s.
State of (.). . others AI+ 2008 SC 2019 *alson and others *s. State of 2erala 520086 2 SCC 5Crl.6 20> and "has4ar +a3appa 0adar . others *s. State of 2arnata4a 2008 Cr.&.J. 2422 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at to (onstit-te a reasona4le /o-4t) it 0-st 4e free fro0 a o3er e0otional res2onse an/ Fest for a4stra(t s2e(-lation. "o-4ts 0-st 4e a(t-al an/ s-4stantial /o-4ts as to t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ 2ersons. 6 reasona4le /o-4t is not an i0a1inar,) tri3ial or a 0erel, 2ossi4le /o-4t) 4-t a fair /o-4t 4ase/ -2on reason an/ (o00on sense. In /e=endra )al Singh *s. State of N.C.T. of /elhi 520026 < SCC 294 and Sucha Singh . others *s. State of )un,a% 520096 7 SCC ;49 it +as 4een +el/ t+at 2roof 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t is a 1-i/eline) not a fetis+. In +a3esh 'ari,an *s. State of (.). 520126 < SCC 777 Nagesh *s. State of 2arnata4a 2012 5776 ACC 800 and Su,it "is-as *s. State of Assa3 2019 5>26 ACC 4;7) it 'as a1ain o4ser3e/ t+at 2roof 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t is not i0a1inar,) tri3ial or 0erel, 2ossi4le /o-4t. It is a fair /o-4t 4ase/ -2on reason or (o00on sense. r1o) t+is (o-rt (annot 4e o4li3io-s t+at in a (ri0inal trial s-s2i(ion no 0atter +o' stron1 (annot an/ 0-st not 4e 2er0itte/ to ta7e 2la(e of 2roof. T+is is for t+e reason t+at t+e 0ental /istan(e 4et'een I0a, 4eB an/ I0-st 4eB is @-ite lar1e an/ /i3i/es 3a1-e (on.e(t-res fro0 s-re (on(l-sions. 5ere (on.e(t-res or s-s2i(ion /o not ta7e t+e 2la(e of le1al 2roof. T+e lar1e /istan(e 4et'een I0a, 4e tr-eB an/ I0-st 4e tr-eB) 0-st 4e (o3ere/ 4, 'a, of
Pa1e ;7
(lear) (o1ent an/ -ni02ea(+a4le e3i/en(e 2ro/-(e/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion 4efore an a((-se/ is (on/e0ne/ as a (on3i(t an/ t+e 4asi( 1ol/en r-le 0-st 4e a22lie/. It is also to 4e re0e04ere/ t+at in t+e (ase of Narendra 2u3ar *s. State 5N.C.T. of /elhi6 520126 7 SCC 171) it +as 4een +el/ t+at t+e 2rose(-tion +as to 2ro3e its o'n (ase 4e,on/ t+e reasona4le /o-4ts an/ (annot ta7e s-22ort fro0 t+e 'ea7ness of t+e (ase of /efen(e an/ +en(e t+ere 0-st 4e 2ro2er an/ le1al e3i/en(e to re(or/ t+e (on3i(tion of t+e a((-se/. Re(entl,) in 0ohd. Hai$an Ah3ad *s. State of "ihar 520196 2 SCC 191) t+e $onB4le 62e> Co-rt +as a1ain (a-tione/ 4, 0a7in1 o4ser3ation t+at s-s2i(ion +o'e3er 1ra3e (annot ta7e t+e 2la(e of 2roof. Cra3e 3iolen(e to 4asi( tenets of (ri0inal .-ris2r-/en(e 'o-l/ o((-r if in a4sen(e of an, (re/i4le e3i/en(e) (ri0inal (o-rts are s'a,e/ 4, 1ra3it, of offen(e an/ 2ro(ee/ to +an/ o-t 2-nis+0ent on t+at 4asis. T+e o4ser3ations 0a/e 4, t+e $onB4le S-2re0e Co-rt in @3a *s. State of T.N. 520196 9 SCC 440 t+at a .-/1e tr,in1 a (ri0inal (ase +as a sa(re/ /-t, to a22re(iate t+e e3i/en(e in a see0l, 0anner an/ is not to 4e 1o3erne/ 4, an, 7in/ of in/i3i/-al 2+iloso2+,) a4stra(t (on(e2ts) (on.e(t-res an/ s-r0ises an/ s+o-l/ ne3er 4e infl-en(e/ 4, so0e o4ser3ations or s2ee(+es 0a/e in (ertain @-arter of t+e so(iet, 4-t not in 4in/in1 .-/i(ial 2re(e/ents +a3e also to 4e 7e2t in 0in/. It also a22ears a22osite to 7ee2 in 0in/ t+e follo'in1 o4ser3ations) alt+o-1+ in /ifferent (onte>t) of t+e $onB4le S-2re0e Co-rt in National TeItile
Pa1e ;8
:or4ersJ (nion = ).+. +a3 2rishna 518>961 SCC 22>! A!e (annot allo' t+e /ea/ +an/ of t+e 2ast to stifle t+e 1ro't+ of t+e li3in1 2resent. #a' (annot stan/ stillM it 0-st (+an1e 'it+ t+e (+an1in1 so(ial (on(e2ts an/ 3al-es. If t+e 4ar7 t+at 2rote(ts t+e tree fails to 1ro' an/ e>2an/ alon1 'it+ t+e tree) it 'ill eit+er (+o2 t+e tree or if it is a li3in1 tree it 'ill s+e/ t+at 4ar7 an/ 1ro' a ne' li3in1 4ar7 for itself. Si0ilarl,) if t+e la' fails to res2on/ to t+e nee/s of (+an1in1 so(iet,) t+en eit+er it 'ill stifle t+e 1ro't+ of t+e so(iet, an/ (+o7e its 2ro1ress or if t+e so(iet, is 3i1oro-s eno-1+ it 'ill (ast a'a, t+e la' '+i(+ stan/s in t+e 2at+'a, of its 1ro't+. #a' 0-st t+erefore (onstantl, 4e on t+e 0o3e a/a2tin1 itself to t+e fast (+an1in1 so(iet, an/ not la1 4e+in/.K T+e la' on (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e is not tene4ro-s. 9o+nson -n/er:AIn 0atters of /ire(t testi0on,) if (re/en(e 4e 1i3en to t+e relators) t+e a(t of +earin1 an/ t+e a(t of 4elief) t+o-1+ reall, not so) see0 to 4e (onte02oraneo-s. B-t t+e (ase is 3er, /ifferent '+en 'e +a3e to /eter0ine -2on (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e) t+e .-/10ent in res2e(t of '+i(+ is essential inferential. T+ere is no a22arent ne(essar, (onne(tion 4et'een t+e fa(ts an/ t+e inferen(eM t+e fa(ts 0a, 4e tr-e an/ t+e inferen(e erroneo-s) an/ it is onl, 4, (o02arison 'it+ t+e res-lts of
Pa1e ;?
In
an
ssa,
on
t+e t+e
Prin(i2les (on(e2t
of of
Cir(-0stantial 3i/en(e 4, !illia0 !ills 4, T. * 9.!. * Co02an, 1872) (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e +as 4een e>2laine/ as
o4ser3ation in si0ilar or analo1o-s (ir(-0stan(es) t+at 'e a(@-ire (onfi/en(e in t+e a((-ra(, of (on(l-sions. T+e ter0 I2res-02ti3eB is fre@-entl, -se/ as s,non,0o-s 'it+ (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(eM 4-t it is not so -se/ 'it+ stri(t a((-ra(,. T+e 'or/ I2res-02tionB) e" #i termini) i02orts an inferen(e fro0 fa(ts) an/ t+e a/.-n(t I2res-02ti3eB) as a22lie/ to e3i/entiar, fa(ts) i02lies t+e (ertaint, of so0e relation 4et'een t+e fa(ts an/ t+e inferen(e. Cir(-0stan(es 1enerall,) 4-t not ne(essaril,) lea/ to 2arti(-lar inferen(esM for t+e fa(ts 0a, 4e in/is2-ta4le) an/ ,et t+eir relation to t+e 2rin(i2al fa(t 0a, 4e onl, a22arent) an/ not realM e3en '+en t+e (onne(tion is real) t+e /e/-(tion 0a, 4e erroneo-s. Cir(-0stantial an/ 2res-02ti3e e3i/en(e /iffer) t+erefore) as 1en-s an/ s2e(ies. T+e for(e an/ effe(t of (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e /e2en/ -2on on its in(o02ati4ilit, 'it+ an/ in(a2a4ilit, of) e>2lanation or sol-tion -2on an, ot+er s-22osition t+an t+at of t+e tr-t+ of t+e fa(t '+i(+ it is a//-(e/ to 2ro3eM t+e 0o/e of ar1-0ents rese04lin1 t+e 0et+o/ of /e0onstration 4, t+e reductio ad absurdum.K In 'anu3ant #o=ind Nargund4ar *s. State of 0.). AI+ 18<2 SC 949 "hagat +a3 *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 18<4 SC ;21 1radu *s. State of '7dera%ad AI+ 18<; SC 91; 'u4u3 Singh *s. State of +a,asthan AI+ 1877 SC 10;9 #a3%hir *s. State of 0aharashtra 518>26 2 SCC 9<1 1ara "hadrappa *s. State of 2arnata4a AI+ 18>9 SC 44; Sharad "irdhi Chand Sarda *s.
Pa1e =0
State of 0aharashtra 518>46 4 SCC 11; State of (.). *s. Su4h%asi AI+ 18>< SC 1224 "al-inder Singh *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 18>7 SC 9<0 Asho4 2u3ar Chatter,ee *s. State of 0.). AI+ 18>8 SC 1>80 )adala *eera +edd7 *s. State of A.). 18>8 Supple3entar7 526 SCC 70; Tan=i%eI )an4a, 2u3ar /i=etia *s. State of #u,arat 518876 7 SCC 1<; Anthon7 /Jsou$a and others *s. State of 2arnata4a 2009 54;6 ACC 91> 5SC! 9JJ6 State of +a,asthan *s. 2hera, +a3 520096 > SCC 224 State of (.). *s. Satish AI+ 200< SC 1000 "irendra )oddar *s. State of "ihar 520116 ; SCC 9<0 C. Changa +edd7 *s. State of A.). 1887 JIC 2<> 5SC6 State of (.). *s. +a3 "ala4 5200>6 1< SCC <<1 Inspector of )olice T.N. *s. John /a=id 2011 526 JIC <28 5SC6 172 +a3 +edd7 +a,esh 2hanna +edd7 *s. State of A.). 5200;6 10 SCC Anil 2u3ar Singh *s. State of "ihar 520096 8 SCC ;7 +edd7 Sa3path 2u3ar *s. State of A.). 5200<6 7 SCC ;09 Sattati7a *s. State of 0aharashtra 5200>6 9 SCC 210 "harat *s. State of 0.). 520096 9 SCC 10; State of #oa *s. )andurang 0ohite 5200>6 1; SCC 714 *i,a7 2u3ar Arora *s. State 5N.C.T.6 @f /elhi 520106 2 SCC 9<9 Sidharth *ashistha A 0anu Shar3a *s. State 5N.C.T. of /elhi6 2010 5;86 ACC >99 5SC6D 520106 ; SCC 1 #. )ars-anath *s. State of 2arnata4a 520106 < SCC <89 "hag-an /ass *s. State 5N.C.T.6 of /elhi AI+ 2011 SC 1>;9 +u4ia "egu3 *s. State of 2arnata4a 520116 4 SCC 778 2ul=inder Singh *s. State of 'ar7ana 520116 < SCC 2<>
Pa1e =1
0oha33ad 0annan A A%dul 0annan *s. State of "ihar 520116 < SCC 917 0usta4ee3 A Sira,uddin *s. State of +a,asthan 2011 Cr.&.J. 4820 5SC6 "ra,endra Singh *s. State of 0.). 520126 4 SCC 2>8 /hanan,o7 Chatter,ee *s. State of :est "engal 518846 2 SCC 220 Shi=u *s. State of 2arnata4a 520076 4 SCC 719 Shi=a,i *s. State of 0aharashtra 5200>6 1< SCC 2;8 A%u "uc4er SiddiGue *s. State AI+ 2011 SC 81 Jagroop Singh *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 2012 SC 2;00 Tulsi +a3 Sahadu Sur7a=anshi *s. State of 0aharashtra 520126 10 SCC 979 0adhu *s. State of 2erala 2012 516 JIC ;08 5SC6 )udhu +a,a *s. State 2012 5786 ACC ;42 5SC6 an/ +a, 2u3ar Singh A +a,a *s. State of +a,asthan 520196 < SCC 722) it +as (onsistentl, 4een +el/ t+at in t+e (ase 4ase/ on (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e t+e (ir(-0stan(es 0-st -nerrin1l, lea/ to one (on(l-sion (onsistent onl, 'it+ t+e +,2ot+esis of t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ an/ in (ase of (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e e3er, in(ri0inatin1 (ir(-0stan(e 0-st 4e (learl, esta4lis+e/ 4, relia4le an/ (lin(+in1 e3i/en(e. Cir(-0stan(es so 2ro3e/ 0-st for0 a (+ain of e3ents fro0 '+i(+ t+e onl, irresisti4le (on(l-sion t+at (o-l/ 4e /ra'n is t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ an/ t+at no ot+er +,2ot+esis a1ainst t+e 1-ilt is 2ossi4le. Constit-tion Ben(+ of t+e $onE4le S-2re0e Co-rt in #o=inda +edd7 *s. State of 07sore AI+ 18;0 SC 28) after follo'in1 t+e 2rin(i2le lai/ in 'anu3ant #o=ind Nargun4ar *s. State of 0.). AI+ 18<2 SC 949 +as +el/ t+at t+ere 0-st 4e a (+ain of e3i/en(e so (o02lete as not to lea3e an,
Pa1e =2
reasona4le /o-4t for a (on(l-sion (onsistent 'it+ t+at inno(en(e of t+e a((-se/ an/ it 0-st 4e s+o'n t+at 'it+in all +-0an 2ro4a4ilit, t+e a(t 0-st +a3e 4een (o00itte/ 4, t+e a((-se/. In /hara3 /as :adh-ani *s. State of (.). 518746 4 SCC 2;7) it +as l-(-lentl, 4een +el/ t+at Ae3er, e3i/entiar, (ir(-0stan(e is a 2ro4ati3e lin7) stron1) or 'ea7) an/ 0-st 4e 0a/e o-t 'it+ (ertaint,. #in7 after lin7) for1e/ fir0l, 4, (re/i4le testi0on, 0a, for0 a stron1 (+ain of s-re 1-ilt 4in/in1 t+e a((-se/. a(+ lin7 ta7in1 se2aratel, 0a, .-st s-11est 4-t '+en +oo7e/ on to t+e ne>t an/ on a1ain 0a, 0ana(le t+e a((-se/ ines(a2a4l,. <nl, t+en (an a (on(atenation of in(ri0inatin1 fa(ts s-ffi(e to (on3i(t a 0anK. C+ief 9-sti(e 8let(+er 5o-lton on(e o4ser3e/ t+at Bproof does not 3ean rigid 3athe3atical for3ulae since Bthat is i3possi%leC. $o'e3er 2roof 0-st 0ean s-(+ e3i/en(e as 'o-l/ in/-(e a reasona4le 0an to (o0e to a /efinite (on(l-sion. Cir(-0stan(e e3i/en(e on t+e ot+er +an/) +as 4een (o02are/ 4, #or/ Coleri/1e Bli4e a gossa3er thread light and as unsu%stantial as the air itself and 3a7 =anish -ith the 3erest of touches.C !+ile a22re(iatin1 (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e) 'e 0-st re0e04er t+e la' as lai/ /o'n in Ashraf Ali *s. 13peror 549 Indian Cases 241 at para 146 t+at '+en in a (ri0inal (ase t+ere is (onfli(t 4et'een 2res-02tion of inno(en(e an/ an, ot+er 2res-02tion) t+e for0er 0-st 2re3ail. In #agan 2ano,ia *s. State of )un,a% 2007 516 Allaha%ad
Pa1e =&
Cri3inal +ulings 291 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at t+e 2rose(-tion 0-st 2ro3e t+at 'it+in all +-0an 2ro4a4ilities t+e a(t 0-st +a3e 4een /one 4, t+e a((-se/. T+e 2rose(-tion (ase) t+-s) 0-st 4e .-/1e/ in its entiret, +a3in1 re1ar/ to t+e totalit, of t+e (ir(-0stan(es. T+e a22roa(+ of t+e (o-rt s+o-l/ 4e an inte1rate/ one an/ not tr-n(ate/ or isolate/. T+e (o-rt s+o-l/ -se t+e ,ar/-sti(7 of 2ro4a4ilit, an/ a22re(iate t+e intrinsi( 3al-e of t+e e3i/en(e 4ro-1+t on re(or/s an/ anal,Fe an/ assess t+e sa0e o4.e(ti3el,. In /r. Sunil Clifford /aniel *s. State of )un,a% 2012 Cr.&.J. 4;<7 5SC6 State of +a,asthan 520196 4 )ra4ash *s. SCC ;;>
*adla4onda &enin = State of (.). 20195>16 ACC 91 5SC6 and 0a,enderan &anges-aran *s. State 5N.C.T. of /elhi6 . others 520196 7 SCC 182) it +as 4een reiterate/ t+at in a (ase of (ir(-0stantial esta4lis+ e3i/en(e t+e 2rose(-tion of 0-st ea(+ instan(e in(ri0inatin1
(ir(-0stan(e) 4, 'a, of relia4le an/ (lin(+in1 e3i/en(e an/ t+e (ir(-0stan(es so 2ro3e/ 0-st for0 a (o02lete (+ain of e3i/en(e) on t+e 4asis of '+i(+) no (on(l-sion ot+er t+an one of 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ (an 4e rea(+e/. In Sath7a Nara7an *s. State 2019 5>06 ACC 19> 5SC6 it +as re(entl, 4een +el/ t+at e3en in a4sen(e of e,e-'itness (o-rt (an a'ar/ (on3i(tion if 3ario-s (ir(-0stan(es relie/ -2on 4, t+e 2rose(-tion are f-ll, esta4lis+e/ 4e,on/ /o-4t. C+ain of e3ents +as to 4e (o02lete/ on t+e 4asis of 2ro3e/ (ir(-0stan(es.
Pa1e =4
T+-s) '+ere a (ase rests on (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e) fi3e 1ol/en 2rin(i2les of stan/ar/ of 2roof re@-ire/ are /e(o(te/:1) T+e (ir(-0stan(es fro0 '+i(+ t+e (on(l-sion of
1-ilt is to 4e /ra'n s+o-l/ 4e f-ll, esta4lis+e/. T+e (ir(-0stan(es 0-st 4e or s+o-l/ an/ not 0a, 4e esta4lis+e/M
2) T+e fa(ts so esta4lis+e/ s+o-l/ 4e (onsistent onl,
'it+ t+e +,2ot+esis of t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/) t+at is to sa,) t+e, s+o-l/ not 4e e>2laine/ on an, ot+er +,2ot+esis e>(e2t t+at t+e a((-se/ is 1-ilt,M
&) T+e (ir(-0stan(es s+o-l/ 4e of a (on(l-si3e
nat-re an/ ten/en(,M

4) T+e, s+o-l/ e>(l-/e e3er, 2ossi4le +,2ot+esis
e>(e2t t+e one to 4e 2ro3e/M

;) T+ere 0-st 4e a (+ain of e3i/en(e so (o02lete as
not to lea3e an, reasona4le 1ro-n/ for t+e (on(l-sion (onsistent 'it+ t+e inno(en(e of t+e a((-se/ an/ 0-st s+o' t+at in all +-0an 2ro4a4ilit, t+e a(t 0-st +a3e 4een /one 4, t+e a((-se/. T+ese fi3e 1ol/en 2rin(i2les (onstit-te t+e K)anch SheelJ of t+e 2roof of a (ase 4ase/ on (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e. T+-s) t+e e3i/en(e on re(or/ +a3e to an/ 4e
(ir(-0stan(es
o4tainin1
+erein
a22re(iate/ an/ 7e2t in 0in/ in t+e li1+t of t+e la' as en-n(iate/ in t+e afore-state/ (ases. 6/0itte/l,) 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 2ersons 'ere seen to1et+er 'it+ 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ on t+e inter3enin1 ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 at a4o-t ?.&0 P.5. 4, 5r. %0es+
Pa1e =;
S+ar0a) t+e /ri3er of t+e a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar) '+o +as /e2ose/ t+at '+en on 1;.0;.2008 at a4o-t ?.&0 P.5. +e +a/ /ro22e/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar at #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar) N.<.I.".6.) t+en at t+at ti0e +e +a/ 1i3en t+e 7e,s of t+e (ar to t+e ser3ant $e0ra. at t+e 1ate of t+e +o-se an/ at t+at ti0e "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar) "r. N-2-r Tal'ar an/ 4a4, 6ar-s+i 'ere 2resent in t+e +o-se. T+is 2art of e3i/en(e +as 4een a/0itte/ 4, 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 2ersons in t+eir e>a0inations -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. In State of 0aharashtra *s. Su4hdeo Singh AI+ 1882 SC 2100 it +as 4een +el/ t+at in 3ie' of se(tion &1& (4) Cr.P.C. t+ere is no i02e/i0ent in ta7in1 t+e (onfessional state0ent or a/0ission of t+e a((-se/ into (onsi/eration 1i3en in +is state0ent -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. for re(or/in1 +is (on3i(tion an/ it (an e3en for0 t+e sole 4asis for (on3i(tion. In /harni /har *s. State of (.). 520106 7 SCC 7<8 it +as 4een +el/ t+at a/0ission or t+e (onfession of t+e a((-se/ -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. re(or/e/ in (o-rse of trial (an 4e a(te/ -2on an/ t+e (o-rt (an rel, on t+ese (onfessions to (on3i(t. In 2heruddin *s. State of :est "engal 520196 < SCC 7<9) it +as 4een +el/ t+at state0ent -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. (an 4e ta7en into (onsi/eration) not onl, 4e(a-se of '+at se(tion &1& (4) Cr.P.C. 2ro3i/es 4-t also 4e(a-se of la' lai/ /o'n in se3eral 2rono-n(e0ents s-(+ as in Sanatan Nas4ar *s. State of :est "engal 520106 > SCC 248 Asho4 2u3ar *s. State of 'ar7ana 520106 12 SCC 9<0 "ra,endra Singh *s. State of 0.). 520126 4 SCC 2>8 an/ +a3 Naresh *s. State of Chhatisgarh AI+ 2012 SC 19<7. T+-s) t+is fa(t
Pa1e ==
stan/s (on(l-si3el, 2ro3e/ t+at 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 'ere seen ali3e 'it+ t+e a((-se/ 2ersons at a4o-t ?.&0 P.5. on 1;.0;.2008 at #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar) N.<.I.".6. P.!.-; "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re +as state/ on oat+ t+at t+e /eat+ of 5s. 6ar-s+i too7 2la(e 12 to 18 +o-rs 4efore 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination of +er /ea/ 4o/,. P.!.-&= "r. Nares+ Ra. +as also /e2ose/ t+at t+e /e(ease/ $e0ra. +a/ /ie/ 4efore 11/2 to 2 /a,s 4efore 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination of +is /ea/ 4o/, an/ as s-(+ t+is fa(t also stan/s 2ro3e/ t+at 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 'ere 0-r/ere/ in t+e 0i/ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008. T+e a((-se/ 2ersons +a3e not ta7en 2lea of a$ibi. T+eir 2resen(e in t+e flat (annot 4e /o-4te/ 4, an, stret(+ of i0a1ination. 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as seen l,in1 /ea/ in +er 4e/ on 1=.0;.2008 at a4o-t =.00 6.5. 4, t+e 0ai/ ser3ant 5rs. B+arti 5an/al. T+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ on 17.0;.2008 in t+e terra(e of flat after 4rea7in1 o2en t+e lo(7 of /oor of t+e terra(e. It is to 4e note/ t+at 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 'ere fo-n/ 2resent in t+eir flat in t+e 0ornin1 of 1=.0;.2008 '+en t+e 0ai/ 5rs. B+arti 5an/al +a/ rea(+e/ t+ere. T+e 4e/-roo0 of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as a/.a(ent to t+e 4e/-roo0 of t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/ 4ot+ t+e 4e/-roo0s 'ere /i3i/e/ 4, 'oo/en 2artition 'all. T+e ser3ant $e0ra. 'as also li3in1 in a roo0 of t+is flat. T+e a((-se/ 2ersons +a3e no'+ere ta7en a 2lea t+at so0eone +a/ (o0e to 0eet t+e0 or t+eir ser3ant $e0ra. after ?.&0 P.5. on 1;.0;.2008. 3en no s-11estion +as 4een t+ro'n 4efore an, 'itness t+at so0e o-tsi/er(s) +a/ (o0e to 0eet an, of t+e in0ates of t+e flat in t+at ni1+t. P.!.-2 5r. Ra.es+ D-0ar) >e(-ti3e n1ineer) %r4an le(tri(it,
Pa1e =7
"istri4-tion "i3ision-:I) C+aFia4a/ +as /e2ose/ t+at in flat no. #-&2) Se(tor-2;) N.<.I.".6. t+e ele(tri(it, 'as s-22lie/ fro0 fee/er no. 01 an/ t+ere 'as no /isr-2tion in t+e s-22l, of ele(tri(it, '.e.f. =.00 P.5. on 1;.0;.2008 to 7.00 6.5. on 1=.0;.2008 an/ e3en no s+-t-/o'n 'as ta7en. $e +as f-rt+er state/ t+at +e +as 'ritten a letter >+i4it-7a-1 to S.P. (C.B.I.) on t+e 4asis of t+e lo1-4oo7 0aintaine/ at S-4-Station &&/11 D.:.) Se(tor-21-6) le(tri(it, N.<.I.".6.
infor0in1 t+erein a4o-t t+e stat-s of t+e s-22l, of ele(tri(it,. It +as no '+ere 4een s-11este/ 4efore t+is 'itness t+at t+ere 'as /isr-2tion of s-22l, of ele(tri(it, in t+at ni1+t. P.!.-? :iren/ra Sin1+ +as state/ 4efore t+is (o-rt t+at +e is e02lo,e/ as se(-rit, 1-ar/ of 9al3a,:i+ar) Se(tor-2;) N.<.I.".6.) '+i(+ is sentinelle/ 4, se(-rit, 2ersonnel an/ t+ere are se3en 1ates in 9al3a,- :i+ar an/ o-t of t+e0 t'o 1ates re0ain o2ene/ /-rin1 t+e /a, +o-rs an/ in t+e ni1+t +o-rs o-t of t+ese t'o 1ates one 1ate is (lose/ at 10.&0 P.5. 4-t anot+er 1ate re0ains o2ene/ 4-t t+e s0all 1ates of all t+e se3en 1ates are (lose/ after 10.&0 P.5. an/ in ea(+ 1ate one 1-ar/ is /e2lo,e/ in t+e ni1+t 4-t t'o 1-ar/s are /e2lo,e/ in t+e 1ate '+i(+ re0ains o2ene/ in t+e ni1+t. $e +as f-rt+er state/ t+at in t+e ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 +e 'as /e2lo,e/ at 1ate no. 1 an/ in t+e sai/ ni1+t +e +a/ not seen an, 2erson loiterin1 in s-s2i(io-s (ir(-0stan(es nor an, ot+er 1-ar/ +a/ tol/ +i0 t+at an, 2erson 'as seen loiterin1. T+e a((-se/ 2ersons +a3e not ta7en t+e 2lea t+at 4efore t+e, retire/ to 4e/ alle1e/l, at a4o-t 11.&0 P.5. in t+e ni1+t t+e 0ain /oor 'as not 4olte/ or lo(7e/ fro0 insi/e an/ it re0aine/ o2ene/ .-st to fa(ilitate
Pa1e =8
so0e intr-/er(s) to (o0e insi/e t+e flat. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e a/0itte/ t+at t+e /oor of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 4e/-roo0 'as +a3in1 (li(7 s+-t a-to0ati( lo(7 li7e t+at of a +otel '+i(+ if lo(7e/ fro0 t+e o-tsi/e) (o-l/ 4e o2ene/ fro0 insi/e 'it+o-t 7e, 4-t (o-l/ not 4e o2ene/ fro0 o-tsi/e 'it+o-t 7e,. It is 4-t nat-ral t+at t+e /oor of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 4e/roo0 0-st +a3e 4een lo(7e/ 4, t+e 2arents an/ 7e, re0aine/ 'it+ t+e0 an/ not 'it+ t+e ser3ant an/ t+erefore) no o-tsi/er(s) (o-l/ +a3e o2ene/ t+e /oor fro0 o-tsi/e 'it+o-t t+e 7e, of t+e lo(7. It is not 2ossi4le t+at t+e ser3ant $e0ra. 0i1+t 4e 7ee2in1 t+e 7e, of t+e /oor of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 4e/roo0 as no 2arents 'o-l/ 2er0it t+e ser3ant to 7ee2 t+e 7e, 'it+ +i0 2arti(-larl, in t+e ni1+t +o-rs '+en ,o-n1 1irl is insi/e +er 4e/-roo0. T+ere is no e3i/en(e of e1ress an/ in1ressM t+ere is no e3i/en(e of an, lar(eno-s a(tM t+ere is no e3i/en(e of an, for(i4le entr, insi/e t+e flatM t+ere is no e3i/en(e at all to s-11est t+at frien/s of $e0ra. (a0e insi/e t+e flat after ?.&0 P.5. an/ s+are/ /rin7s of li@-or 'it+ $e0ra. in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of $e0ra. no fin/in1 +as 4een 1i3en t+at li@-or (ontents 'ere fo-n/ in +is sto0a(+ an/ no s-11estion +as 4een 1i3en 4efore an, 'itness t+at $e0ra. +a/ ta7en al(o+ol 'it+ +is frien/s in t+at ni1+t. It is 'ell-ni1+ i02ossi4le t+at $e0ra. 'ill /are to 4ooFe 'it+ +is frien/s in +is ser3ant roo0 2arti(-larl, '+en t+e a((-se/ 2ersons 'ere 3er, 0-(+ 2resent in t+e near4, roo0. It is esta4lis+e/ fro0 t+e e3i/en(e of 5rs. B+arti 5an/al t+at 0es+ /oor 'as lat(+e/ fro0 insi/e an/ s+e 'as 0isle/ to 1o to t+e 1ro-n/ le3el an/ in t+e 0ean'+ile '+en
Pa1e =?
s+e 'ent /o'n t+e stairs at t+e 1ro-n/ le3el t+e lat(+ 'as o2ene/ 4, "r. N-2-r Tal'ar. It is not 2ossi4le t+at an o-tsi/er(s) after (o00ittin1 t+e t'in 0-r/ers 'ill (lean t+e 2ri3ate 2arts of 5s. 6ar-s+i) /ress--2 t+e 4e/-s+eet) (o3er t+e /ea/ 4o/, 'it+ t+e flannel 4lan7et) 2la(e to,s in 2ro2er or/er) /are to /rin7 s(ot(+ an/ S-la 'ine) 'ill ta7e a'a, t+e 4o/, of $e0ra. to terra(e) 2la(e a 2anel of (ooler o3er +is 4o/,) 2la(e a 4e/-s+eet o3er t+e iron 1rill /i3i/in1 t+e roofs to sa3e fro0 1aFe 'ell 7no'in1 t+at 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ are in t+eir 4e/-roo0 an/ t+e, (an a'a7e at an, ti0e. T+is is not t+e (ase of /efen(e t+at t+eir 4e/-roo0 'as 4olte/ fro0 o-tsi/e 4, an, 2erson(s) an/ t+e, 'ere E(a4ine/) (ri44e/ an/ (onfine/E in t+eir 4e/-roo0. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e state/ in t+eir state0ents -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at a4o-t 8-10 /a,s 2rior to t+e o((-rren(e 2aintin1 of (l-ster +a/ starte/ an/ t+e la4o-rers -se/ to ta7e 'ater fro0 t+e 'ater tan7 2la(e/ in t+eir roof an/ t+erefore) $e0ra. +a/ lo(7e/ t+e /oor of terra(e an/ t+e 7e, of t+e /oor re0aine/ 'it+ +i0. If it 'as so) t+en it 'as not 2ossi4le for an o-tsi/er(s) to r-00a1e o-t t+e 7e, an/ t+ereafter) lo(7 t+e /oor of t+e terra(e fro0 insi/e '+en t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. 'as l,in1 in t+e terra(e. !+en t+e in3esti1ators as7e/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar to 2ro3i/e t+e 7e, of t+e /oor of t+e terra(e) +e 1a3e in(o+erent ans'ers an/ a /e3i(e 'as resorte/ to 4, "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar to t+ro' en@-irers off t+e s(ent. 8ro0 t+e e3i/en(e it is also esta4lis+e/ t+at 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ (+an1e/ t+eir 3est-res. It is a1ainst t+e or/er of +-0an nat-re t+at on seein1 t+eir /earest /a-1+ter l,in1 in a 2ool
Pa1e 70
of 4loo/ t+e a((-se/ 4ein1 t+e nat-ral fat+er an/ 0ot+er 'ill not +-1 +er. In t+e 2ro(ess of +-11in1) t+eir (lot+es 'ill 4e /ee2l, staine/ 'it+ t+e 4loo/ 4-t not fo-n/ so. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e also a/0itte/ in t+eir state0ents -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at t+e area of t+e flat is 1&00 s@. feet an/ it +as onl, one 1ate. If so0e o-tsi/er(s) 0i1+t +a3e (o00itte/ t+e offen(e t+en after 0a7in1 +is e>it fro0 t+e flat) eit+er +e 'ill 4olt t+e o-ter or 0i//le 0es+ /oor fro0 o-tsi/e or 'ill 7ee2 t+e0 o2en 4-t t+is 'as not /one an/ rat+er t+e o-ter 0es+ /oor 'as lat(+e/ fro0 insi/e 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/ t+atEs '+, '+en t+e 0ai/ (a0e an/ 2la(e/ +er +an/ on t+e 0es+ /oor) it /i/ not o2en an/ s+e 'as 2-r2osel, tol/ to 1o to t+e 1ro-n/ le3el an/ t+ereafter) lat(+ 'as o2ene/. In t+is 3ie' of t+e 0atter it (an safel, 4e (on(l-/e/ t+at no o-tsi/er (a0e insi/e t+e +o-se in t+e fatef-l ni1+t an/ t+erefore) '+en t+e 2rose(-tion +as 4een s-((essf-l in 2ro3in1 t+at 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 'ere last seen ali3e in t+e (o02an, of 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ at flat no. #-&2 at a4o-t ?.&0 P.5. on 1;.0;.2008 an/ 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 'ere 0-r/ere/ in t+e inter3enin1 ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 t+en fro0 t+is fa(t) as +el/ in Tu4ara3 #anpat )andare *s. State of 0aharashtra AI+ 1874 SC <14 t+is (o-rt 0a, +a3e re1ar/ to t+e (o00on (o-rse of nat-ral e3ents) +-0an (on/-(t) 2-4li( or 2ri3ate 4-siness) in t+eir relation to t+e fa(ts of t+e 2arti(-lar (ase as en3isa1e/ in se(tion 114 of 3i/en(e 6(t an/ (an reasona4l, 4e 2res-0e/ t+at it is t+e a((-se/ an/ a((-se/ onl, '+o +a3e 0-r/ere/ t+e /e(ease/ an/ none else for 'ant of 1i3in1 e3i/en(e in re4-ttal
Pa1e 71
-n/er se(tion 10= of t+e
3i/en(e 6(t '+i(+
2ro3i/es t+at '+en an, fa(t is es2e(iall, 'it+in t+e 7no'le/1e of an, 2erson) t+e 4-r/en of 2ro3in1 t+at fa(t is -2on +i0. In Cr7stal /e=elopers *s. Asha &ata #hosh 5200<6 < SCC 97< it +as 4een +el/ t+at it is 'ell settle/ t+at inferen(es +a3e to 4e /ra'n fro0 a 1i3en set of fa(ts an/ (ir(-0stan(es 'it+ realisti( /i3ersit, an/ not 'it+ /ea/ -nifor0it,. T+is 'as t+e 4o-n/en /-t, of 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 2ersonall, 7no'in1 t+e '+ole (ir(-0stan(es of t+e (ase to 1i3e e3i/en(e on t+eir 4e+alf an/ to s-40it to (ross-e>a0ination) '+i(+ t+e, +a3e faile/ to /o so. In #urcharan Singh *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 18<; SC 4;0 it +as 4een +el/ t+at t+e 4-r/en of 2ro3in1 a 2lea es2e(iall, set -2 4, an a((-se/ '+i(+ 0a, a4sol3e +i0 fro0 (ri0inal lia4ilit,) (ertainl, lies -2on +i0. In +a$i4 +a3 *s. J.S. Chouhan AI+ 187< SC ;;7 it 'as o4ser3e/ At+e 2rin(i2le -n/er l,in1 se(tion 10= '+i(+ is an e>(e2tion to t+e 1eneral r-le 1o3ernin1 4-r/en of 2roof a22lies onl, to s-(+ 0atters of /efen(e '+i(+ 'ere s-22ose/ to 4e s2e(iall, 'it+in t+e 7no'le/1e of t+e 2art, (on(erne/. It (annot a22l, '+en t+e fa(t is s-(+ as to 4e (a2a4le of 4ein1 7no'n also 4, 2ersons ot+er t+an t+e 2art,.K T+e (ase la'sSha3%hu Nath 0ehra *s. State of A,3er AI+ 18<; SC 404 2ali +a3 *s. State of 'i3achal )radesh 518796 2 SCC >0> 59JJ6 59JJ6 Shan4arlal #7arasilal *s. ?ogendra State of 0orar,i *s. State of #u,arat 518>06 2 SCC 21> 0aharashtra 518>16 2 SCC 9< 59JJ6 Sharad
"irdhichand Sarda *s. State of 0aharashtra 518>46 4 SCC 11; 59JJ6 )adala *eera +edd7 *s.
Pa1e 72
State of A.). 18>8 Supp 526 SCC 70; 59JJ6 Sha3nsahe% 0. 0ulttani *s. State of 2arnata4a 520016 2 SCC <77 59JJ6 2a,al Sen *s. State of Assa3 520026 2 SCC <<1 0ousa3 Singha +o7 *s. State of :" 520096 12 SCC 977 #affar "adshaha )athan *s. State of 0aharashtra 520046 10 SCC <>8 ).0ani *s.
State of T.N. 5200;6 9 SCC 1;1 *i4ra3 Jeet Singh =s. State of )un,a% 5200;6 12 SCC 90; Su%ra3ania3 *s. State of T.N. 520086 14 SCC 41< 2al7an 2u3ar #ogoi *s. Ashutosh "a%u *s. Agnihotri 520116 2 SCC <92 #o=ind +a,u A
#o=ind *s. State 520126 4 SCC 722
State of 2erala 520106 8 SCC 1>8 +ishipal *s. State of (ttara4hand 2019 Cr.&.J. 1<94 and Jo7de% )atra *s. State of :est "engal 2019 Cr.&.J. 2728 as relie/ -2on 4, t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ are of no +el2 to t+e a((-se/ 2ersons as /istin1-is+a4le on fa(ts an/ (ir(-0stan(es of t+e instant (ase. In Sha3%hu Nath 0ehra *s. State of A,3er AI+ 18<; SC 404 it +as 4een +el/ t+at se(tion 10= la,s /o'n t+e 1eneral r-le t+at in a (ri0inal (ase t+e 4-r/en of 2roof is on t+e 2rose(-tion an/ se(tion 10= is (ertainl, not inten/e/ to relie3e it of t+at /-t,. <n t+e (ontrar,) it is /esi1ne/ to 0eet (ertain e>(e2tional (ases in '+i(+ it 'o-l/ 4e i02ossi4le) or at an, rate it is 2ro2ortionatel, /iffi(-lt) for t+e 2rose(-tion to esta4lis+ fa(ts '+i(+ are Aes2e(iall,K 'it+in t+e 7no'le/1e of t+e a((-se/ an/ '+i(+ +e (o-l/ 2ro3e 'it+o-t /iffi(-lt, an/ in(on3enien(e. T+e 'or/ Aes2e(iall,K stresses t+at. It 0eans fa(ts t+at are 2re-e0inentl, or e>(e2tionall, 'it+in +is
Pa1e 7&
7no'le/1e. It 'as f-rt+er +el/ t+at t+is se(tion (annot 4e -se/ to -n/er0ine t+e 'ell-esta4lis+e/ r-le of la' t+at) sa3e in a 3er, e>(e2tional (lass of a (ase) t+e 4-r/en is on t+e 2rose(-tion an/ ne3er s+ifts. In 2ali +a3 *s. State of 'i3achal )radesh 518796 2 SCC >0> 59JJ6 it +as also 4een +el/ t+at t+e 4-r/en of 2ro3in1 t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ is -2on t+e 2rose(-tion an/ -nless it relie3es itself of t+at 4-r/en) t+e (o-rts (annot re(or/ a fin/in1 of t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/. T+ere are (ertain (ases in '+i(+ stat-tor, 2res-02tion arises re1ar/in1 t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/) 4-t t+e 4-r/en e3en in t+ose (ases is -2on t+e 2rose(-tion to 2ro3e t+e e>isten(e of fa(ts '+i(+ +a3e to 4e 2resent 4efore t+e 2res-02tion (an 4e /ra'n. <n(e t+ose fa(ts are s+o'n 4, t+e 2rose(-tion to e>ist) t+e (o-rt (an raise t+e stat-tor, 2res-02tion an/ it 'o-l/) in s-(+ an e3ent) 4e for t+e a((-se/ to re4-t t+e 2res-02tion. T+e on-s e3en in s-(+ (ases -2on t+e a((-se/ is not as +ea3, as is nor0all, -2on t+e 2rose(-tion to 2ro3e t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/. In ?ogendra 0orar,i *s. State of #u,arat 518>06 2 SCC 21> 59JJ6 t+e $onE4le Co-rt 'as /ealin1 'it+ t+e ri1+t of 2ri3ate /efen(e an/ t+e 4-r/en of t+e a((-se/ -n/er se(tion 10; of 3i/en(e 6(t. In Shan4arlal #7arasilal *s. State of 0aharashtra 518>16 2 SCC 9< 59JJ6 it 'as +el/ t+at falsit, of 2lea ta7en 4, t+e a((-se/ (annot 2ro3e +is 1-ilt) t+o-1+ it 0a, 4e an a//itional (ir(-0stan(e a1ainst +i0. In Sharad "irdhichand Sarda *s. State of 0aharashtra 518>46 4 SCC 11; 59JJ6 and )adala *eera +edd7 *s. State of A.). 18>8 Supp 526 SCC 70; 59JJ6 t+e (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e 'as
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fo-n/ not s-ffi(ient (on(l-si3el, to esta4lis+ t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ an/ t+erefore) t+e a((-se/ 'ere a(@-itte/ on t+e 1ro-n/ t+at s-s2i(ion (annot ta7e t+e 2la(e of le1al 2roof. In Sha3nsahe% 0. 0ulttani *s. State of 2arnata4a 520016 2 SCC <77 59JJ6 t+e 2rose(-tion faile/ to 2ro3e t+e (+ar1e -n/er se(tion &02 I.P.C. an/ no (+ar1e -n/er se(tion &04-B I.P.C. 'as fra0e/ an/ +en(e it 'as +el/ t+at (on3i(tion -n/er se(tion &04-B 'it+o-t affor/in1 o22ort-nit, to t+e a((-se/ to enter on +is /efen(e an/ /is2ro3e t+e 2res-02tion -n/er se(tion 11&-B 3i/en(e 6(t 'o-l/ res-lt in fail-re of .-sti(e. In 2a,al Sen *s. State of Assa3 520026 2 SCC <<1 t+e 2rose(-tion stor, 'it+ re1ar/ to t+e in3ol3e0ent of t+e a((-se/ 'as fo-n/ /o-4tf-l an/ +en(e a22eal 'as allo'e/. In 0ousa3 Singha +o7 *s. State of :" 520096 12 SCC 977 t+e a22eal 'as allo'e/ inter a$ia on t+e 1ro-n/ t+at P.!.-2 * & 'ere (+an(e 'itnesses an/ t+eir 2resen(e at s'eet0eat stall (o-l/ not 4e 2ro3e/. In #affar "adshaha )athan *s. State of 0aharashtra 520046 10 SCC <>8 it 'as +el/ t+at t+e 4-r/en on a((-se/ is 0-(+ li1+ter an/ +e +as onl, to 2ro3e reasona4le 2ro4a4ilit,. In ).0ani *s. State of T.N. 5200;6 9 SCC 1;1 t+e fa(ts of t+e (ase 'ere /ifferent. It 'as not a (ase '+ere 4ot+ +-s4an/ an/ 'ife 'ere last seen to1et+er insi/e a roo0 an/ as 2er 2rose(-tion (ase t+e (+il/ren '+o +a3e 4een 'at(+in1 T.:. 'ere as7e/ to 1o o-t 4, t+e /e(ease/ an/ t+en s+e 4olte/ t+e roo0 fro0 insi/e an/ t+en on seein1 s0o7e (o0in1 fro0 t+e roo0 t+e, r-s+e/ to'ar/s t+e sa0e an/ 4ro7e o2en t+e /oor. In t+at (onte>t it 'as +el/ t+at se(tion 10= of 3i/en(e 6(t (annot 4e
Pa1e 7;
sai/ to +a3e an, a22li(ation. In *i4ra3 Jeet Singh =s. State of )un,a% 5200;6 12 SCC 90; it +as 4een +el/ t+at '+en t+e 2rose(-tion (ase +as 4een 2ro3e/ t+e 4-r/en in re1ar/ to s-(+ fa(ts '+i(+ 'as 'it+in t+e s2e(ial 7no'le/1e of t+e a((-se/ 0a, 4e s+ifte/ to t+e a((-se/ for e>2lainin1 t+e sa0e. It 'as f-rt+er +el/ t+at s-s2i(ion) +o'e3er) 1ra3e 0a, 4e) 41< (annot t+e 4e a s-4stit-te for 2roof. In t+e Su%ra3ania3 *s. State of T.N. 520086 14 SCC a((-se/ 'as a(@-itte/ 4e(a-se 2rose(-tion +a/ s-22resse/ (ertain fa(ts an/ t+e a((-se/ 'as a(@-itte/ 4, t+e trial (o-rt a1ainst '+i(+ a22eal 'as file/ an/ t+en +e 'as (on3i(te/ -n/er se(tion &02 I.P.C. 4-t a(@-ittal -n/er se(tion 4?86 I.P.C. an/ se(tion 4 "o'r, Pro+i4ition 6(t 'as affir0e/ 4, t+e $onE4le $i1+ Co-rt an/ in t+at (onte>t t+e $onE4le S-2re0e Co-rt allo'e/ t+e a22eal an/ a((-se/ 'as a(@-itte/. In "a%u *s. State of 2erala 520106 8 SCC 1>8 t+e a((-se/ 'as a(@-itte/ 4, t+e trial (o-rt 4-t (on3i(te/ 4, t+e $onE4le $i1+ Co-rt an/ t+en t+e $onE4le S-2re0e Co-rt +el/ t+at t+e trial (o-rtEs .-/10ent 'as 'ell reasone/ as t+e (+ain of (ir(-0stan(es 'ere fo-n/ not (o02lete. In 2al7an 2u3ar #ogoi *s. Ashutosh Agnihotri 520116 2 SCC <92 t+e fa(ts 'ere entirel, /ifferent. T+at 'as t+e (ase -n/er Re2resentation of Peo2le 6(t an/ +en(e la' lai/ /o'n in /ifferent 4ran(+ of la' is not a22li(a4le. T+e fa(ts of #o=ind +a,u A #o=ind *s. State 520126 4 SCC 722 are also entirel, /ifferent. In t+at (ase) t+e a22ellant +a/ a22roa(+e/ t+e 2oli(e an/ t+en it 'as +el/ t+at it is @-ite -n4elie3a4le t+at +e 'o-l/ in/-l1e in (o00ittin1 s-(+ a +eino-s (ri0e an/ t+e
Pa1e 7=
state0ent of P.!.-1 i02li(atin1 t+e a((-se/ /i/ not ins2ire (onfi/en(e an/ s-ffere/ fro0 i02ro4a4ilities an/ 'as not fo-n/ free fro0 s-s2i(ion an/ +is state0ent 'as also not (orro4orati3e 4, ot+er 'itnesses. In +ishipal *s. State of (ttara4hand 2019 Cr.&.J. 1<94 it 'as fo-n/ t+at t+e 2rose(-tion (o-l/ not 2ro3e 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t t+at t+e /e(ease/ /ie/ /-e to 2oisonin1 alt+o-1+ it 'as also lai/ /o'n t+at 4-r/en to 2ro3e t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t is on t+e 2rose(-tion an/ it is onl, '+en t+is 4-r/en is /is(+ar1e/ t+en t+e a((-se/ (o-l/ 2ro3e an, fa(t 'it+in +is s2e(ial 7no'le/1e -n/er se(tion 10= of 3i/en(e 6(t. In Jo7de% )atra *s. State of :est "engal 2019 Cr.&.J. 2728 it 'as +el/ t+at '+en t+e 2rose(-tion +as not 4een a4le to 2ro3e its (ase 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t t+at t+e /e(ease/ /ie/ /-e to 2oisonin1) t+e (o-rts 4elo' (o-l/ not +a3e +el/ t+e a22ellant 1-ilt, onl, 4e(a-se t+e, +a3e not 4een a4le to e>2lain -n/er '+at (ir(-0stan(es t+e /e(ease/ /ie/. In 0ani Su%rat Jain *s. +a,a +a3 *ohra 518>06 1 SCC 1 it 'as +el/ t+at 2re(e/ents are la'Es /e3i(e to +ol/ t+e 2resent 2risoner of t+e 2ast an/ 0-st 4in/ onl, if s@-arel, (o3ere/. In A%ha7 Singh Chautala *s. C"I 520116 7 SCC 141) it +as 4een +el/ t+at lon1 stan/in1 2re(e/ent s+o-l/ not 4e /ist-r4e/. LStare decisis et non quieta movere' % it 'o-l/ 4e 4etter to stan/ 4, t+at /e(ision an/ not to /ist-r4 it. It 'ill 4e see0l, to refer to so0e i02ortant /e(isions in res2e(t of t+e la' relatin1 to e3i/en(e to 4e a//-(e/ -n/er se(tion 10= of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t. In +adhe7 &al and others *s. 13peror AI+
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189> All. 2<2 it 'as +el/ 4, t+e $onB4le 9-sti(e 6llso2 t+at an a((-se/ 2erson is re@-ire/ to e>2lain t+e (ir(-0stan(es '+i(+ a22ear a1ainst +i0 in t+e e3i/en(e an/ if +e (annot or 'ill not /o so) +e 0-st ta7e t+e (onse@-en(es. If +e (+ooses to ta7e -2 t+e 2osition t+at +e relies -2on t+e te(+ni(alit, t+at t+e '+ole 4-r/en of 2roof 'as -2on t+e 2rose(-tion an/ ref-ses to sa, an,t+in1 a4o-t t+e 0atter) +e (an +ar/l, 4e s-r2rise/ if +e is (on3i(te/ -2on t+e e3i/en(e 2ro/-(e/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion) if t+at 2ro3es (ir(-0stan(es fro0 '+i(+ +is 1-ilt (an 4e inferre/. In 2rishan 2u3ar *s. (nion of India 518;06 1 SC+ 4<2 it 'as +el/ t+at it is not t+e la' of t+is (o-ntr, t+at t+e 2rose(-tion +as to eli0inate all 2ossi4le /efen(es or (ir(-0stan(es '+i(+ 0a, e>onerate +i0. If t+ese fa(ts are 'it+in t+e 7no'le/1e of a((-se/ t+en +e +as to 2ro3e t+e0. <f (o-rse) t+e 2rose(-tion +as to esta4lis+ a prima !acie (ase in t+e first instan(e. It is not eno-1+ to esta4lis+ fa(ts '+i(+ 1i3e rise to a s-s2i(ion an/ t+en 4, reason of se(tion 10= of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t to t+ro' t+e on-s on +i0 to 2ro3e +is inno(en(e. In Collector of Custo3s = /. "hoor3all 5187262 SCC <44 it 'as +el/ AProse(-tion/or t+e "e2art0ent is not re@-ire/ to 2ro3e its (ase 'it+ 0at+e0ati(al 2re(ision to a /e0onstra4le /e1reeM for) in all +-0an affairs a4sol-te (ertaint, is a 0,t+ an/ as Professor Brett feli(ito-sl, 2-ts it- Aall e>a(tness is a fa7eK. l "ora/o of a4sol-te 2roof 4ein1 -nattaina4le t+e la' a((e2ts for it) 2ro4a4ilit, as a 'or7in1 s-4stit-te in t+is 'or7-a-/a, 'orl/. T+e la' /oes not re@-ire t+e 2rose(-tion to 2ro3e t+e i02ossi4le. 6ll t+at it re@-ires is t+e esta4lis+0ent
Pa1e 78
of s-(+ a /e1ree of 2ro4a4ilit, t+at a 2r-/ent 0an 0a,) on its 4asis) 4elie3e in t+e e>isten(e of a fa(t in iss-e. T+-s) le1al 2roof is not ne(essaril, 2erfe(t 2roofM often it is not+in1 0ore t+an a 2r-/ent 0anBs esti0ate as to t+e 2ro4a4ilities of t+e (ase. T+e ot+er) (ar/inal 2rin(i2le +a3in1 an i02ortant 4earin1 on t+e in(i/en(e of 4-r/en of 2roof is t+at s-ffi(ien(, an/ t+e 'ei1+t of t+e e3i/en(e is to 4e (onsi/ere/- to -se t+e 'or/s of #or/ 5ansfiel/- in "atch *s. Archer 517746 1) (o'2-=& at 2a1e =; Baccording to the proof -hich it -as in the po-er of one side to pro=e and in the po-er of the other to ha=e contradicted.C Sin(e it is e>(ee/in1l, /iffi(-lt) if not a4sol-tel, i02ossi4le) for t+e 2rose(-tion to 2ro3e fa(ts '+i(+ are es2e(iall, 'it+in t+e 7no'le/1e of t+e o22onent or t+e a((-se/) it is not o4li1e/ to 2ro3e t+e0 as 2art of +is 2ri0ar, 4-r/en......K. T+e sa0e 3ie' +as 4een reiterate/ in 0oh33ad A3ir 2asa% A A%u 0u,ahid *s. State of 0aharashtra 520126 8 SCC!1. $ol0es 9. in #reer *s. (.S. 24< (S+ <<8 re0ar7e/ Aa 2res-02tion -2on a 0atter of fa(t) '+en it is not 0erel, a /is1-ise for so0e ot+er 2rin(i2le) 0eans t+at (o00on e>2erien(e s+o's t+e fa(t to 4e so 1enerall, tr-e t+at (o-rts 0a, noti(e t+e tr-t+.K In State of :est "engal *s. 0ir
0oha33ad (3ar 520006 > SCC 9>2) it 'as o4ser3e/- AT+e 2ristine r-le t+at t+e 4-r/en of 2roof is on t+e 2rose(-tion to 2ro3e t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ s+o-l/ not 4e ta7en as a fossiliFe/ /o(trine alt+o-1+ it a/0its no 2ro(ess of intelli1ent
Pa1e 7?
reasonin1. T+e /o(trine of 2res-02tion is not alien to t+e a4o3e r-le) nor 'o-l/ it i02air t+e te02er of t+e r-le. <n t+e ot+er +an/) if t+e tra/itional r-le relatin1 to 4-r/en of 2roof of t+e 2rose(-tion is allo'e/ to 4e 'ra22e/ in 2e/anti( (o3era1e) t+e offen/ers in serio-s offen(es 'o-l/ 4e t+e 0a.or 4enefi(iaries an/ so(iet, 'o-l/ 4e (as-alt,.K T+e o4ser3ations 0a/e in T. Shan4ar )rasad *s. State of A.). 2004 Cr.&.J. >>4 are 3er, rele3ant) '+i(+ are e>(er2te/ +erein 4elo'AProof of fa(t /e2en/s -2on t+e /e1ree of 2ro4a4ilit, of its +a3in1 e>iste/. T+e stan/ar/ re@-ire/ for sear(+in1 t+e s-22osition is t+at if a 2r-/ent 0an a(tin1 in an, i02ortant 0atter (on(ernin1 +i0. 8let(+er 5o-lton #.9. in 'a-4ins *s. )o-ells Tiller7 Steel Coal Co. &td. 1811516 2" 8>> o4ser3e/ as follo'sAProof 0at+e0ati(al /oes not 0ean 2roof 4e(a-se to ri1i/ is
/e0onstration)
t+at
i02ossi4leM it 0-st 0ean s-(+ e3i/en(e as 'o-l/ in/-(e a reasona4le 0an to (o0e to a 2arti(-lar (on(l-sion.K T+e sai/ o4ser3ation +as stoo/ t+e test of ti0e an/ (an no' 4e follo'e/ as t+e stan/ar/ of 2roof. In rea(+in1 t+e (on(l-sion t+e (o-rt (an -se t+e 2ro(ess of inferen(es to 4e /ra'n fro0 fa(ts 2ro/-(e/ or 2ro3e/. S-(+ inferen(es are a7in to 2res-02tion in la'. #a' 1i3es a4sol-te /is(retion to t+e (o-rt to 2res-0e t+e e>isten(e of an, fa(t '+i(+ it t+in7s li7el, to +a3e +a22ene/. In t+at 2ro(ess t+e (o-rt 0a, +a3e re1ar/ to t+e (o00on (o-rse of nat-ral e3ents) +-0an (on/-(t) 2-4li( or 2ri3ate
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4-siness 3is-a-3is t+e fa(ts of t+e 2arti(-lar (ase. T+e /is(retion is (learl, en3isa1e/ in se(tion 114 of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t. Pres-02tion is an inferen(e of a (ertain fa(t /ra'n fro0 ot+er 2ro3e/ fa(ts. !+ile inferrin1 t+e e>isten(e of a fa(t fro0 anot+er) t+e (o-rt is onl, a22l,in1 a 2ro(ess of intelli1ent reasonin1 '+i(+ t+e 0in/ of a 2r-/ent 0in/ 'o-l/ /o -n/er si0ilar (ir(-0stan(es. Pres-02tion is not t+e final (on(l-sion to 4e /ra'n fro0 ot+er fa(ts. B-t it (o-l/ as 'ell 4e final if it re0ains -n/ist-r4e/ later. Pres-02tion in la' of e3i/en(e is a r-le in/i(atin1 t+e sta1e of s+iftin1 t+e 4-r/en of 2roof. 8ro0 a (ertain fa(t or fa(ts t+e (o-rt (an /ra' an inferen(e an/ t+at 'o-l/ re0ain -ntil s-(+ inferen(e is eit+er /is2ro3e/ or /is2elle/. 8or t+e 2-r2ose of rea(+in1 one (on(l-sion t+e (o-rt (an rel, on a fa(t-al 2res-02tion. %nless t+e 2res-02tion is /is2ro3e/ or /is2elle/ or re4-tte/ t+e (o-rt (an treat t+e 2res-02tion as tanta0o-ntin1 to 2roof. $o'e3er) as a (a-tion of 2r-/en(e 'e +a3e to o4ser3e t+at it 0a, 4e -nsafe to -se t+at 2res-02tion to /ra' ,et anot+er /is(retionar, 2res-02tion -nless t+ere is a stat-tor, (o02-lsion. T+is Co-rt +as in/i(ate/ so in Suresh "udhar3al 2alani = State of 0aharashtra 5188>576 SCC 9976 A6 2res-02tion (an 4e /ra'n onl, fro0 fa(ts an/ not fro0 ot+er 2res-02tions 4, a 2ro(ess of 2ro4a4le an/ lo1i(al reasonin1K. In Achara )ara3%ath )radeepan and others *s. State of 2erala 2007 516 Cri3es <4 5SC6 it 'as +el/ t+at if a 2erson is last seen 'it+ t+e /e(ease/) +e 0-st offer an e>2lanation as to +o' an/ '+en +e
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2arte/ (o02an,. Se(tion 10= la,s /o'n t+e r-le t+at '+en t+e a((-se/ /oes not t+ro' an, li1+t -2on fa(ts '+i(+ are s2e(iall, 'it+in +is 7no'le/1e an/ '+i(+ (o-l/ not s-22ort an, t+eor, or +,2ot+esis (o02ati4le 'it+ +is inno(en(e t+e (o-rt (an (onsi/er +is fail-re to a//-(e an, e>2lanation as an a//itional lin7 '+i(+ (o02letes t+e (+ain. T+e 2rin(i2le +as 4een s-((in(tl, state/ in +e Naina 0oha33ad AI+ 18;0 0adras 21>. In 0urli /har *s. State of +a,asthan AI+ 200< SC 294< )rithi )al Singh and others *s. State of )un,a% 520126 1 SCC 10 after rel,in1 on t+e la' as 2ro2o-n/e/ in State of :est "engal *s. 0ir 0oha33ad (3ar 520006 > SCC 9>2 Sha3%hu Nath 0ehra *s. State of A,3er AI+ 18<; SC 404 Sucha Singh *s. State of )un,a% 520016 4 SCC 97< and Sahade=an *s. State 520096 1 SCC <94) it +as 4een +el/ t+at se(tion 10= 3i/en(e 6(t /oes not relie3e t+e 2rose(-tion of its 4-r/en to 2ro3e t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t. Se(tion 10= a22lies to (ases '+ere 2rose(-tion +as s-((ee/e/ in 2ro3in1 fa(ts fro0 '+i(+ a reasona4le inferen(e (an 4e /ra'n re1ar/in1 t+e e>isten(e of (ertain ot+er fa(ts) -nless t+e a((-se/ 4, 3irt-e of s2e(ial 7no'le/1e re1ar/in1 s-(+ fa(ts) faile/ to offer an, e>2lanation '+i(+ 0i1+t /ri3e t+e (o-rt to /ra' a /ifferent inferen(e. Se(tion 10= of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t is /esi1ne/ to 0eet (ertain e>(e2tional (ases in '+i(+ it 'o-l/ 4e i02ossi4le for t+e 2rose(-tion to esta4lis+ (ertain fa(ts '+i(+ are 2arti(-larl, 'it+in t+e 7no'le/1e of t+e a((-se/. In Sandeep *s. State of (.). 520126 ; SCC 107) it +as 4een +el/
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t+at 4-r/en of 2roof re1ar/in1 fa(ts s2e(iall, 'it+in a((-se/Bs 7no'le/1e lies on +i0. In "a%u *s. "a%u 2009 SCC 5Crl.6 1<;8 and in A3ar Singh 0an Singh Sur7a=anshi *s. State of 0aharashtra 520076 1< SCC 4<< it 'as +el/ t+at '+ere +-s4an/ an/ 'ife 'ere li3in1 to1et+er an/ at t+e ti0e of /eat+ t+e, 'ere alone in t+e roo0) it 'as for t+e +-s4an/ to e>2lain as to +o' t+e /e(ease/ 0et +er /eat+. In Tulsi +a3 Sahadu Sur7a=anshi *s. State of 0aharashtra 520126 10 SCC 979) it +as 4een +el/ t+at a fa(t ot+er'ise /o-4tf-l 0a, 4e inferre/ fro0 (ertain ot+er 2ro3e/ fa(ts. !+en inferrin1 t+e e>isten(e of a fa(t fro0 ot+er set of 2ro3e/ fa(ts) t+e (o-rt e>er(ises a 2ro(ess of reasonin1 an/ rea(+es a lo1i(al (on(l-sion as to t+e 0ost 2ro4a4le 2osition. T+e a4o3e 2osition is stren1t+ene/ in 3ie' of se(tion 114 of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t '+i(+ e02o'ers t+e (o-rt to 2res-0e t+e e>isten(e of an, fa(t '+i(+ it t+in7s is li7el, to +a3e +a22ene/. In t+at 2ro(ess) t+e (o-rts s+all +a3e re1ar/ to t+e (o00on (o-rse of nat-ral e3ents) +-0an (on/-(t et(. in a//ition to t+e fa(ts of t+e (ase. In t+ese (ir(-0stan(es) t+e 2rin(i2les e04o/ie/ in se(tion 10= of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t (an
also 4e -tiliFe/. Se(tion 10= +o'e3er) is not inten/e/ to relie3e t+e 2rose(-tion of its 4-r/en to 2ro3e t+e 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4ts) 4-t it 'o-l/ a22l, to (ases '+ere t+e 2rose(-tion +as s-((ee/e/ in 2ro3in1 fa(ts fro0 '+i(+ a reasona4le inferen(e (an 4e /ra'n re1ar/in1 t+e e>isten(e of (ertain ot+er fa(ts) -nless t+e a((-se/ 4, 3irt-e of +is s2e(ial 7no'le/1e re1ar/in1 s-(+ fa(ts) +as offere/ an e>2lanation
Pa1e 8&
'+i(+ 0i1+t /ri3e t+e (o-rt to /ra' a /ifferent inferen(e. In "a%u A "ala Su%ra3ania3 . others *s. State of T.N. 520196 > SCC ;0 it 'as o4ser3e/ as -n/er:ABesi/es it is not (onten/e/ 4, 6-1 Ba4- t+at +e 'as not 2resent in t+e +o-se '+en t+e in(i/ent o((-rre/. To t+is fa(t sit-ation) se(tion 10= of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t is attra(te/. 6s to +o' t+e /e(ease/ re(ei3e/ in.-ries to +er +ea/ an/ +o' s+e /ie/ 0-st 4e 'it+in t+e e>(l-si3e 2ersonal 7no'le/1e of 6-1 Ba4-. It 'as for +i0 to e>2lain +o' t+e /eat+ o((-rre/. $e +as not 1i3en an, 2la-si4le e>2lanation for t+e /eat+ of t+e /e(ease/ in s-(+ s-s2i(io-s (ir(-0stan(es in t+e +o-se in '+i(+ +e resi/e/ 'it+ +er an/ '+en +e 'as a/0itte/l, 2resent in t+e +o-se at t+e 0aterial ti0e. T+is (ir(-0stan(e 0-st 4e 7e2t in 0in/ '+ile /ealin1 'it+ t+is (ase. !e are not -n0in/f-l of t+e fa(t t+at t+is 'o-l/ not relie3e t+e 2rose(-tion of its 4-r/en of 2ro3in1 its (ase. B-t) it 'o-l/ a22l, to t+e (ase '+ere t+e 2rose(-tion +as s-((ee/e/ in 2ro3in1 fa(ts fro0 '+i(+ a reasona4le inferen(e (an 4e /ra'n re1ar/in1 t+e e>isten(e of (ertain ot+er fa(ts) -nless) t+e a((-se/ 4, 3irt-e of s2e(ial 7no'le/1e re1ar/in1 s-(+ fa(ts) +as offere/ an e>2lanation '+i(+ 0i1+t /ri3e t+e (o-rt to /ra' a /ifferent inferen(e. In t+is (ase) t+e la' as en-n(iate/ in T-lsi Ra0Bs (ase as referre/ to supra +as 4een relie/ -2on. In Tri3u4h 0aroti 2ir4an *s. State of 0aharashtra 2007 SC Cri3inal +ulings 9>4) it 'as +el/ 4, t+eir #or/s+i2s of t+e $onB4le S-2re0e Co-rt t+at if an offen(e ta7es 2la(e insi/e t+e
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2ri3a(, of t+e +o-se an/ in s-(+ (ir(-0stan(es '+ere t+e assailants +a3e all t+e o22ort-nities to 2lan an/ (o00it t+e offen(e at t+e ti0e an/ in (ir(-0stan(es of t+eir (+oi(e) it 'ill 4e e>tre0el, /iffi(-lt for t+e 2rose(-tion to lea/ e3i/en(e to esta4lis+ t+e 1-ilt of a((-se/ if stri(t 2rin(i2le of (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(es is insiste/ -2on 4, t+e (o-rts. It 'as f-rt+er +el/ t+at '+en /eat+ +a/ o((-rre/ in t+e (-sto/, of t+e a((-se/) +e is -n/er an o4li1ation to 1i3e a 2la-si4le e>2lanation for t+e (a-se of /eat+ of t+e /e(ease/ in +is state0ent -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. an/ 0ere /enial of t+e 2rose(-tion (ase (o-2le/ 'it+ a4sen(e of an, e>2lanation 'ill 4e in(onsistent 'it+ t+e inno(en(e of t+e a((-se/ 4-t (onsistent 'it+ t+e +,2ot+esis t+at t+e a((-se/ is a 2ri0e a((-se/ in t+e (o00ission of 0-r/er. T+e sa0e 3ie' 'as ta7en in 0ohi%ur +eh3an *s. State of Assa3 520026 ; SCC 71< A3it A A33u > SCC *s. 89 State State of of 0aharashtra 520096
+a,asthan *s 2ashi +a3 AI+ 2007 SC 144 and Santosh 2u3ar Singh *s. State through C.".I. 520106 8 SCC 747 5)ri7adarshini 0attooJs Case6. In +a,endra )rahlad +ao :asni4 *s. State of 0aharashtra 2012 5776 ACC 1<9 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at on(e t+e 2rose(-tion 2ro3e/ t+at a((-se/ an/ 3i(ti0 'ere seen to1et+er) it 'as for t+e a((-se/ to e>2lain t+e (ir(-0stan(es. In its latest .-/10ent in +a=irala &aI3aiah *s. State of Andhra )radesh 520196 8 SCC 2>9) it +as re(entl, 4een r-le/ t+at '+ere t+e a((-se/ +as 4een seen 'it+ t+e /e(ease/ 3i(ti0 (last seen t+eor,)) it 4e(o0es t+e /-t, of t+e a((-se/ to
Pa1e 8;
e>2lain t+e (ir(-0stan(es -n/er '+i(+ t+e /eat+ of t+e 3i(ti0 +as o((-rre/. (&ide Ni4a +a3 *s. State of '.). 518726 2 SCC >0 #anesh &al *s. State of 0aharashtra 518826 9 SCC 10; and )onnusa37 *s. State of T.N. 5200>6 < SCC <>76. T+-s t+e @-intessen(e of (ase la's in a t+-04-nail-s7et(+ is t+at t+e la' /oes not en.oin a /-t, on t+e 2rose(-tion to lea/ e3i/en(e of s-(+ (+ara(ter '+i(+ is al0ost i02ossi4le to 4e le/ or at an, rate e>tre0el, /iffi(-lt to 4e le/. T+e /-t, of t+e 2rose(-tion is to lea/ s-(+ e3i/en(e '+i(+ it is (a2a4le of lea/in1) +a3in1 re1ar/ to t+e fa(ts an/ (ir(-0stan(es of t+e (ase. !+ere an offen(e li7e 0-r/er is (o00itte/ in se(re(, insi/e a +o-se) t+e initial 4-r/en to esta4lis+ t+e (ase 'o-l/) -n/o-4te/l,) 4e -2on t+e 2rose(-tion) 4-t t+e nat-re an/ a0o-nt of e3i/en(e to 4e le/ 4, it to esta4lis+ t+e (+ar1e (annot 4e of t+e sa0e /e1ree as is re@-ire/ in ot+er (ases of (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e. T+e 4-r/en 'o-l/ 4e of a (o02arati3el, li1+ter (+ara(ter. In 3ie' of se(tion 10= of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t) t+ere 'ill 4e a (orres2on/in1 4-r/en on t+e in0ates of t+e +o-se to 1i3e a (o1ent e>2lanation as to +o' t+e (ri0e 'as (o00itte/. T+e in0ates of t+e +o-se (annot 1et a'a, 4, si02l, 7ee2in1 @-iet an/ offerin1 no e>2lanation on t+e s-22ose/ 2re0ise t+at t+e 4-r/en to esta4lis+ its (ase lies entirel, -2on t+e 2rose(-tion an/ t+ere is no /-t, at all on an a((-se/ to offer an, e>2lanation. P.!.-10 B+arti 5an/al +as re(o-nte/ t+at on 1=.0;.2008 at a4o-t 0=:00 6.5. s+e rea(+e/ as -s-al at 8lat No. #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar an/ ran1 t+e
Pa1e 8=
(all-4ell of t+e +o-se 4-t no res2onse (a0e fro0 insi/e. 6fter 2ressin1 t+e (all-4ell se(on/ ti0e) s+e 'ent -2-stairs to ta7e 0o22in1 4-(7et. T+ereafter) s+e 2-t +er +an/ on t+e o-ter 1rill/0es+ /oor 4-t it /i/ not o2en. S-4se@-entl,) s+e a1ain 2resse/ t+e (all-4ell an/ t+en "r. N-2-r Tal'ar after o2enin1 t+e 'oo/en /oor (a0e near t+e 1rill /oor/0es+ /oor sit-ate/ in t+e 2assa1e an/ en@-ire/ a4o-t t+e '+erea4o-ts of $e0ra. to '+i(+ s+e re2lie/ t+at s+e +a/ no i/ea of +i0 an/ t+en "r. N-2-r Tal'ar tol/ +er t+at $e0ra. 0i1+t +a3e 1one to fet(+ 0il7 fro0 5ot+er-"air, after lo(7in1 t+e 0i//le 1rill/0es+ /oor fro0 o-tsi/e an/ s+e (o-l/ 'ait -ntil +e ret-rne/. T+ere-2on) s+e as7e/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar to 1i3e +er 7e,s so t+at s+e 0a, (o0e insi/e t+e +o-se after -nlo(7in1 t+e sa0e an/ t+en "r. N-2-r Tal'ar tol/ +er to 1o to t+e 1ro-n/ le3el an/ s+e 'o-l/ 4e t+ro'in1 7e,s to +er fro0 4al(on,. 6((or/in1l,) '+en s+e (a0e /o'n t+e stairs an/ rea(+e/ t+e 1ro-n/ le3el) "r. N-2-r Tal'ar t+re' 7e,s fro0 4al(on, an/ tol/ +er t+at t+e /oor is not lo(7e/ an/ onl, lat(+e/ fro0 o-tsi/e an/ t+en s+e (a0e 4a(7 an/ o2ene/ t+e lat(+ of t+e 0es+ /oor of t+e 2assa1e an/ (a0e insi/e t+e +o-se. T+ereafter) "r. N-2-r Tal'ar tol/ +er ADekho Hemraj Kya karke gaya hai (Look here, what has been done by Hemraj). !+en 0ai/ S0t. B+arti 'ent in 6ar-s+iBs roo0 s+e sa' t+at /ea/ 4o/, of 6ar-s+i 'as l,in1 on t+e 4e/ an/ (o3ere/ 'it+ a '+ite 4e/ s+eet an/ +er t+roat 'as slit. 5r. 5ir +as (riti(iFe/ t+e e3i/en(e of 5rs. B+arti 5an/al on t+e f-l(r-0 t+at s+e 'as t+oro-1+l, t-tore/ 4efore ste22in1 into t+e 'itness 4o> an/ s+e +as a/0itte/ t+is fa(t in +er
Pa1e 87
(ross-e>a0ination an/ t+erefore) no relian(e (an 4e 2la(e/ -2on +er testi0on,. $er testi0on, +as also 4een ani0a/3erte/ on t+e 2re0ise t+at s+e +as a/0itte/ in +er (ross-e>a0ination t+at for t+e first ti0e in t+e (o-rt s+e +as /e2ose/ t+at t+ereafter s+e (a0e at t+e 1ate an/ 2la(e/ +er +an/ on t+e o-ter 0es+ /oor an/ t+en it o2ene/ an/ s+e +as not 1i3en s-(+ state0ent to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er an/ t+-s s+e +as 0a/e i02ro3e0ents '+ile 1i3in1 state0ent in t+e (o-rt '+i(+ is not+in1 4-t an aftert+o-1+t as a res-lt of t-torin1. 5r. 5ir +as (o-nte/ -2on Anil )ra4ash Shu4la *s. Ar=ind Shu4la 520076 8 SCC <19 in s-22ort of +is ar1-0ents 4-t I fin/ 0,self -na4le to (o-ntenan(e 'it+ t+e s-40ission of t+e learne/ (o-nsel. In t+e sai/ (ase t+e or/er of a(@-ittal 'as re(or/e/ 4, t+e $onE4le $i1+ Co-rt of 6lla+a4a/ a1ainst '+i(+ a22eals 'ere file/ 4, t+e (o02lainant an/ t+e State Co3ern0ent. T+e $onE4le S-2re0e Co-rt 'as 2lease/ to +ol/ t+at P.!.-1 6nil Pra7as+ 'as not a nat-ral 'itness) +e +a/ ani0osit, a1ainst t+e a((-se/ 6r3in/ S+-7la) +is 2resen(e at t+e s(ene of o((-rren(e 'as 4, a s+eer (+an(e an/ t+e /e(ease/ 6t-l Pra7as+ +a/ state/ 4efore t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er 20 /a,s after t+e in(i/ent t+at +e +a/ 4een t-tore/ to 1i3e an in(orre(t state0ent 4efore t+e 5a1istrate an/ t+e 5a1istrate 'as neit+er (ite/ as 'itness in t+e (+ar1e-s+eet nor 2ro/-(e/ in t+e (o-rt an/ +en(e /,in1 /e(laration 'as ri1+tl, /is4elie3e/ 4, t+e $onE4le $i1+ Co-rt. It is 'ell settle/ la' t+at in an a22eal a1ainst t+e or/er of a(@-ittal) t+e a22ellate (o-rt nor0all, /oes not /ist-r4 t+e fin/in1s of a(@-ittal -nless t+e
Pa1e 88
.-/10ent of a(@-ittal is 2er3erse as t+e a(@-ittal stren1t+ens t+e 2res-02tion of inno(en(e of t+e a((-se/ (&ide Narendra Singh *s. State of 0.). 520046 10 SCC ;886. In State of #oa *s. San,a7 Tha4ran and other 520076 2 SCC 5Crl.6 1;2 it +as 4een +el/ t+at a22ellate (o-rt (an re3ie' t+e e3i/en(e an/ interfere 'it+ t+e or/er of a(@-ittal onl, if t+e a22roa(+ of t+e lo'er (o-rt is 3itiate/ 4, so0e 0anifest ille1alit, or t+e /e(ision is 2er3erse an/ t+e (o-rt +as (o00itte/ 0anifest error of la' an/ i1nore/ t+e 0aterial e3i/en(e on re(or/. In t+at (ase) t+e la' as lai/ /o'n in Chandrappa and others *s. State of 2arnata4a 2007 5<>6 ACC 402 5SC6 'as relie/ on. T+e sa0e 3ie' +as 4een reiterate/ in "a%u *s. State of 2erala 520106 8 SCC 1>8. In t+e (ase in +an/ 5rs. B+arti 5an/al +as no'+ere state/ t+at 4efore 1i3in1 state0ent to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er) s+e 'as t-tore/ 4, an,one. AT+e fa(ts an/ (ir(-0stan(es often 3ar, fro0 (ase to (ase) t+e (ri0e sit-ation an/ t+e 0,ria/ 2s,(+i( fa(tors) so(ial (on/itions an/ 2eo2leEs life-st,les 0a, fl-(t-ate) an/ so) r-les of 2r-/en(e rele3ant in one fa(t-sit-ation 0a, 4e ine2t in anot+er. !e (annot a((e2t t+e ar1-0ent t+at re1ar/less of t+e s2e(ifi( (ir(-0stan(es of a (ri0e an/ (ri0inal 0ilie-) so0e stran/s of 2ro4ati3e reasonin1 '+i(+ a22eale/ to a Ben(+ in one re2orte/ /e(ision 0-st 0e(+ani(all, 4e e>ten/e/ to ot+er (asesK (#ide +afiG *s. State of (.). AI+ 18>1 SC <<86. In 'ar7ana Hinancial Corporation *s. 0/s Jagda3%a @il 0ills AI+ 2002 SC >94 Isla3ic Acade37 of 1ducation . another *s. State of
Pa1e 8?
2arnata4a . others 520096 ; SCC ;87
).S.
Sathappan *s. Andhra "an4 &td. 520046 11 SCC ;72 0/s Mee Telefil3s &td. . another *s. (nion of India . others 200< 526 SCJ!121 +a3esh Chand /aga *s. +a3esh-ari "ai 200< 596 SCJ!1 it +as 4een +el/ t+at o4ser3ations of t+e (o-rts (o-l/ not 4e rea/ as 2ro3isions of stat-te. T+e o4ser3ations of t+e (o-rt are to 4e rea/ in t+e (onte>t in '+i(+ t+e, a22ear. 9-/1es inter2ret stat-tes an/ /o not inter2ret .-/10ents. In ". Sh7a3a +ao *s. (.T. of )ondicherr7 AI+ 18;7 SC 14>0 5Constitution "ench6 +.&. Jain 5/ead6 %7 &+s *s. /elhi /e=elop3ent Authorit7 520046 9 AC1 29< and State of +a,asthan *s. #anesh &al AI+ 200> SC ;80 it 'as +el/ t+at relian(e on a /e(ision 'it+o-t loo7in1 into t+e fa(t-al 4a(71ro-n/ of t+e (ase 4efore it) is (learl, i02er0issi4le. 6 /e(ision 'o-l/ 4e a 2re(e/ent on its o'n fa(ts. a(+ (ase 2resents its o'n feat-res. 6 /e(ision is an a-t+orit, for '+at it a(t-all, /e(i/es. !+at is of t+e essen(e in a /e(ision is ratio an/ not e3er, o4ser3ation fo-n/ t+erein nor '+at lo1i(all, follo's fro0 3ario-s o4ser3ations 0a/e in t+e .-/10ent. In 0/s A3ar Nath @3 )ra4ash *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 18>< SC 21> and (nion of India . others *s. Arul 0o$hi Iniarasu AI+ 2011 SC 2791 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at o4ser3ations of (o-rt are not to 4e rea/ as -(li/Bs T+eore0 or 2ro3isions of stat-te. <4ser3ations 0-st 4e rea/ in (onte>t t+e, are 0a/e. Blin/ relian(e on /e(ision 4, (o-rt is i02ro2er.
Pa1e ?0
In Nar3ada "achao Aandolan *s. State of 0.). AI+ 2011 SC 18>8 59JJ6 and +a,esh-ar *s. State of 0aharashtra 2008 Cr.&.J. 9>1; 5"o3%a7!H"6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at /is2osal of
(ases 4, 4lin/l, 2la(in1 relian(e -2on a /e(ision is not 2ro2er. 6 little /ifferen(e in fa(ts or a//itional fa(ts 0a, 0a7e a lot of /ifferen(e to t+e 2re(e/ential 3al-e of a /e(ision. T+-s) t+e a4o3e (ase la' (ite/ 4, learne/ (o-nsel is of no +el2 to t+e a((-se/ 2ersons as 4ein1 4ase/ on /ifferent (onte>t-al fa(ts an/ (ir(-0stan(es an/ t+erefore) t+at (itation is an a(t of s-2erero1ation. <ne 0-st not for1et t+at P.!.-10 B+arti 5an/al is totall, illiterate an/ 4-(oli( la/, fro0 a lo'er-strata of t+e so(iet, an/ +ails fro0 5al/a "istri(t of !est Ben1al '+o (a0e to N.<.I.".6. to 2erfor0 0enial .o4 to s-stain +erself an/ fa0il, an/ t+erefore) if s+e +as state/ t+at s+e +as 1i3en +er state0ent on t+e 4asis of t-torin1) +er e3i/en(e (annot 4e /is(ar/e/ or re.e(te/. T+e a((-se/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar +as a/0itte/ in +er ans'ers to @-estion nos. 18) 1?) 22 an/ 2& -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at t+e e3i/en(e 1i3en 4, 5rs. B+arti 5an/al is (orre(t. $o'e3er) s+e +as ta7en 2lea t+at t+e e3i/en(e of 5rs. B+arti 5an/al to t+e effe(t t+at s+e +a/ 2-t +er +an/ on t+e o-ter 0es+ /oor is in(orre(t as s+e +as not state/ t+is fa(t to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er. In 0ohan &al and another *s. A,it Singh and another AI+ 187> SC 11>9 it +as 4een +el/ t+at -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. it is 2er0issi4le to a((e2t t+at 2art of t+e state0ent '+i(+ a((or/s 'it+ t+e e3i/en(e on re(or/ an/ to a(t -2on it. It 'as f-rt+er +el/ t+at '+ile (onsi/erin1
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t+e state0ent of t+e a((-se/ -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. it is 2er0issi4le to re.e(t t+e e>(-l2ator, 2art of t+e state0ent if it is /is2ro3e/ 4, t+e e3i/en(e on re(or/ an/ to a(t -2on it. In :a3an *s. State of 0aharashtra 2011 Cr.&.J. 4>27 5SC6 it 'as +el/ t+at t+e testi0on, of a 'itness (annot 4e /is4elie3e/ 0erel, 4e(a-se of so0e o0ission in state0ent -n/er se(tion 1=1 Cr.P.C. an/ t+e e3i/en(e 4efore t+e (o-rt. In Ala3 #ir *s. State 5N.C.T.6 of /elhi AI+ 2009 SC 2>2 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at e3i/en(e of) ot+er'ise (re/it-'ort+, 'itness (annot 4e /is(ar/e/ 0erel, 4e(a-se it 'as not a3aila4le in state0ent -n/er se(tion 1=1 Cr.P.C. In Achara )ara3%ath )radeepan and others *s. State of 2erala 2007 516 Cri3es <4 5SC6 it 'as +el/ t+at it 'o-l/ 4e too 0-(+ to e>2e(t of an, 2erson to sa, e3er,t+in1 in +is state0ent 4efore t+e 2oli(e. To see a 2erson 4, fa(e is one t+in1 4-t to 7no' +i0 4, na0e is /ifferent. So0e i02ro3e0ents in t+e testi0on, of t+e 'itness (o-l/ not lea/ to re.e(tion t+ereof in its entiret,. In #o=ind and others *s. State of 0.). AI+ 1884 SC >2; it 'as +el/ t+at if t+e 'itness +a/ not 1i3en /etails of o((-rren(e in +er state0ent -n/er se(tions 1=1) 1=4 Cr.PC t+en it 'ill not 4e a 1ro-n/ to re.e(t +er e3i/en(e. In Jagdish Nara7an *s. State of (.). 188; JIC 9>> 5SC6 and &al Jit Singh *s. State of (.). 2001 S.C.Cr.+ 287 59JJ6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at o0issions in t+e state0ents 1i3en to 2oli(e if not 0aterial 'ill not a0o-nt to (ontra/i(tion to i02ea(+ t+e 3ersion. In State of (.). *s. +a3 S-arup 1887 JIC 1192 5/"6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at 0inor (ontra/i(tions are not to 4e 1i3en 0-(+ i02ortan(e.
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In Sh7a3 Sunder *s. State of Chhattisgarh 520026 > SCC 98 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at '+ere an in(i/ent is narrate/ 4, t+e sa0e 2erson to t+e /ifferent 2ersons on /ifferent o((asions so0e /ifferen(e in t+e 0o/e of narratin1 t+e in(i/ent is 4o-n/ to arise. B-t s-(+ /ifferen(es /o not 0ilitate a1ainst t+e tr-st'ort+iness of t+e narration -nless t+e 3ariations (an 4e +el/ to 4e so a4nor0al or -nnat-ral as 'o-l/ not o((-r if t+e 'itness +as reall, 'itnesse/ '+at +e 'as narratin1. In &eela +a3 *s. State of 'ar7ana 2000 5406 ACC 94 5SC6 it 'as +el/ t+at A'+en an e,e-'itness is e>a0ine/ at len1t+) it is @-ite 2ossi4le for +i0 to 0a7e so0e /is(re2an(ies. No tr-e 'itness (an 2ossi4l, es(a2e fro0 0a7in1 so0e /is(re2ant /etail. Per+a2s an -ntr-e 'itness '+o is 'ell t-tore/ (an s-((essf-ll, 0a7e +is testi0on, totall, non/is(re2ant. B-t (o-rt s+o-l/ 4ear in 0in/ t+at it is onl, '+en t+e /is(re2an(ies in t+e e3i/en(e of a 'itness are so in(o02ati4le 'it+ t+e (re/i4ilit, of +is 3ersion t+at t+e (o-rt is .-stifie/ in .ettisonin1 +is e3i/en(eNN.K AIt is (o00on 2ra(ti(e in trial (o-rts to 0a7e o-t (ontra/i(tions fro0 t+e 2re3io-s state0ent of a 'itness for (onfrontin1 +i0 /-rin1 (ross-e>a0ination. 5erel, 4e(a-se t+ere is in(onsisten(, in e3i/en(e) it is not s-ffi(ient to i02air t+e (re/it of t+e 'itness. No /o-4t se(tion 1;; of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t 2ro3i/es s(o2e for i02ea(+in1 t+e (re/it of a 'itness 4, 2roof of an in(onsistent for0er state0ent) 4-t a rea/in1 of t+e se(tion 'o-l/ in/i(ate t+at all in(onsistent state0ents are not s-ffi(ient to i02ea(+ t+e (re/it of t+e 'itness.K In Su4h /e= ?ada= . others *s.
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State of "ihar 2001 SCC 5Crl.6 141;
it 'as
o4ser3e/ t+at t+ere 'o-l/ +ar/l, 4e a 'itness '+ose e3i/en(e /oes not (ontain so0e a0o-nt of e>a11erations or e04ellis+0ents. So0eti0es t+ere is a /eli4erate atte02t to offer t+e e>a11erate/ e3i/en(e an/ so0eti0es t+e 'itnesses in t+eir o3er an>iet, to /o 4etter fro0 t+e 'itness 4o> /etail o-t an e>a11erate/ a((o-nt. 5inor 3ariations in 2rose(-tion e3i/en(e are of no 3al-e if t+e e3i/en(e in its entiret, a22ears to 4e tr-st'ort+,. In Sunil 2u3ar *s. State #o=ern3ent of N.C.T. of /elhi 2004 54>6 ACC 27 5SC6 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at sli1+t insi1nifi(ant o0issions (o-l/ neit+er 4e ter0e/ as i02ro3e0ent in state0ent or (ontra/i(tions. Testi0on, re(or/e/ in (o-rt after la2se of (onsi/era4le 2erio/ (annot 4e e>2e(te/ to 4e e>a(t an/ 2re(ise 0at+e0ati(al re2ro/-(tion of fa(ts. In (3ar /ara$ . others *s. Nihal Singh . others 18;< A:+ 4>8 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at t+e art of A>-4a04ooFlin1K a 'itness +as attaine/ t+e +i1+ /e1ree of 2erfe(tion. 8or t+ese reasons no i02ortan(e s+o-l/ 4e 1i3en to t+e so (alle/ a/0ission. In Jai Shree ?ada= *s. State of (.). 2004 A&J 9292 5SC6, it +as 4een +el/ '+en 'itness is s-4.e(te/ to len1t+, ar/-o-s (ross-e>a0ination o3er a len1t+, 2erio/ of ti0e) t+ere is al'a,s a 2ossi4ilit, of t+e 'itness (o00ittin1 0ista7es) '+i(+ (an 4e ter0e/ as o0issions) i02ro3e0ents an/ (ontra/i(tions an/ t+erefore) t+ose infir0ities 'ill +a3e to 4e a22re(iate/ in t+e 4a(71ro-n/ of 1ro-n/ realities '+i(+ 0a7es t+e 'itness (onf-se/ 4e(a-se of t+e fili4-sterin1 ta(ti(s of t+e (rossPa1e ?4
e>a0inin1 (o-nsel. In 0ata /een *s. State of (.). 1878 Allaha%ad Cri3inal +ulings 2 S@C 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at state0ents 1i3en to I.<. are s-22ose/ to 4e 4rief an/ t+e /etaile/ state0ents are 1i3en in t+e (o-rt. In M-inglee Ariel *s. State of 0.). AI+ 18<4 SC 1< 18;< SC 277 Nisar Ali *s. State of (.). AI+ Sohra% *s. State of 0.). AI+ 18<7 SC 9;; (gar Ahir *s. State of "ihar AI+ 1872 SC 2020 "hag-an Tana )atil *s. State of 0aharashtra 518746 9 SCC <9; "ala4a Singh *s. State of )un,a% 5187<6 4 SCC <11 S.#.). Co33ittee *s. 0.). /as Chela 5188>6 < SCC 1<7 2rishna 0ochi *s. State of "ihar 520026 ; SCC >1 Nathu Singh ?ada= *s. State of 0.). 520026 10 SCC 9;; Sucha Singh and others *s. State of )un,a% 520096 7 SCC ;49 Israr *s. State of (.). 2004 AI+ SC: ;81; Ja44i *s. State 520076 8 SCC <>8 2ul=inder Singh *s. State of )un,a% 520076 10 SCC 4<< #anesh *s. State of 2arnata4a 5200>6 17 SCC 1<2 /inesh Singh *s. State of (.). 200> SCCr+ 1201 /al%ir Singh *s. State of 'ar7ana AI+ 200> SC 29>8 Ja7a Seelan *s. State of T.N. 520086 12 SCC 27< )re3 Singh *s. State of 'ar7ana 520086 14 SCC 484 0ani *s. State 520086 12 SCC 2>> Ani3i +edd7 *en4ata +a3ana and others *s. ).). 'igh Court of A.). 200> 5;16 ACC 709 5SC6 and "alra,e *s. State of 0aharashtra 520106 ; SCC ;79) it +as 4een +el/ t+at t+e 0a>i0 '(a$sus in uno, !a$sus in omnibus is not a22li(a4le in In/ia.
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In State of Andhra )radesh *s. 2anda #opaludu 200< 5<96 ACC 772 5SC6 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at e3er, /is(re2an(, in state0ent of 'itness (annot 4e treate/ as fatal. In ".2. Channappa *s. State of 2arnata4a 2007 526 Cri3es 1715SC6 sear(+in1 it +as 4een +el/ t+at in a (ross-e>a0ination) so0e len1t+,
i02ro3e0ents) (ontra/i(tions an/ o0issions are 4o-n/ to o((-r '+i(+ if not serio-s an/ 3ital 'o-l/ not 2er0it to /is(ar/ t+e s-4strat-0 of t+e 2rose(-tion (ase. In Indra )al Singh *s. State of (.). 2008 Cr.&.J. 842 5SC6 t+at 1i3in1 -n/-e i02ortan(e it +as 4een +el/ an/ a(@-ittin1
t+e a((-se/ on insi1nifi(ant (ontra/i(tions is not 2ro2er. In State of (.). *s. 2rishna 0aster 2010 Cr.&.J. 9>>8 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at /is(re2an(ies nor0all, e>ists. T+e, are /-e to errors of o4ser3ations) 0ental /is2osition) s+o(7 an/ +orror at t+e ti0e of in(i/ent. %nless t+e, 1o to t+e root of 0atter) s-(+ /is(re2an(ies /o not 0a7e e3i/en(e -nrelia4le. 8ollo'in1 t+e la' as e>2resse/ in State *s. Sar=anana 5200>6 17 SCC <>7 an/ Sunil 2u3ar Sa3%hu /a7al #upta *s. State of 0aharashtra 520106 19 SCC ;<7) it +as 4een +el/ in +a=i 2apur *s. State of +a,asthan AI+ 2012 SC 28>; t+at if 3ariation in state0ents of 'itnesses is not 0aterial to affe(t t+e 2rose(-tion (ase t+en it +as to 4e i1nore/. In Saha%uddin *s. State of Assa3 2019 5>06 ACC 1002 5SC6, it +as 4een r-le/ t+at e3er, 3ariation or i00aterial (ontra/i(tion (annot 2ro3i/e a/3anta1e to t+e a((-se/. It is a settle/ 2rin(i2le of
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la' t+at '+ile a22re(iatin1 t+e e3i/en(e) t+e (o-rt 0-st e>a0ine t+e e3i/en(e in its entiret, -2on rea/in1 t+e state0ent of a 'itness as a '+ole an/ if t+e (o-rt fin/s t+e state0ent to 4e tr-t+f-l an/ 'ort+, of (re/en(e) t+en e3er, 3ariation or /is(re2an(, 2arti(-larl, '+i(+ is i00aterial an/ /oes not affe(t t+e root of t+e (ase of t+e 2rose(-tion 'o-l/ 4e of no (onse@-en(es. In t+at (ase also) t+e la' as lai/ /o'n in State *s. Sar=anan 5200>6 17 SCC <>7 +as 4een follo'e/. In Sa3path 2u3ar *s. Inspector of )olice 2rishnagiri 520126 4 SCC 124 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at 0inor (ontra/i(tions are 4o-n/ to a22ear in state0ents of tr-t+f-l 'itnesses as 0e0or, so0eti0es 2la,s false an/ sense of o4ser3ation /iffers fro0 2erson to 2erson. "is(re2an(ies in testi0on, of 'itness (a-se/ 4, 0e0or, la2ses are a((e2ta4le. In t+at (ase) t+e la' as lai/ /o'n in Nara7an Chetra3 Chaudhar7 *s. State of 0aharashtra 520006 > SCC 4<7 an/ State of '.). *s. &e4hra, 520006 1 SCC 247 'as relie/ on. In #e7+ra.Es (ase) it 'as o4ser3e/ AT+e (ri0inal trial (annot 4e e@-ate/ 'it+ a 0o(7 s(ene fro0 a st-nt fil0 N.... T+e realities of life +a3e to 4e 7e2t in 0in/ '+ile a22re(iatin1 t+e e3i/en(e for arri3in1 at t+e tr-t+. T+e tra/itional /o10ati( +,2er-te(+ni(al a22roa(+ +as to 4e re2la(e/ 4, rational) realisti( an/ 1en-ine a22roa(+ for a/0inisterin1 .-sti(e in a (ri0inal trial. T+e Cri0inal 9-ris2r-/en(e (annot 4e (onsi/ere/ to 4e a %to2ian t+o-1+t 4-t +a3e to 4e (onsi/ere/ as 2art an/ 2ar(el of t+e +-0an (i3iliFation an/ realities of life. T+e (o-rts (annot i1nore t+e erosion in 3al-es of life '+i(+ are a
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(o00on feat-re of t+e 2resent s,ste0. S-(+ erosions (annot 4e 1i3en a 4on-s in fa3o-r of t+ose '+o are 1-ilt, of 2oll-tin1 so(iet, an/ t+e 0an7in/.K In +a3esh 'ari,an *s. State of (.). 520126 < SCC 777 and 2uria *s. State of +a,asthan 520126 10 SCC 499) it +as also 4een +el/ t+at it is /-t, of t+e (o-rt to -nra3el t+e tr-t+ -n/er all (ir(-0stan(es. %n/-e i02ortan(e s+o-l/ not 4e 1i3en to 0inor /is(re2an(ies '+i(+ /o not s+a7e t+e 4asi( 3ersion of t+e (ase. In Jagroop Singh *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 2012 SC 2;00 it +as 4een +el/ t+at o0issions an/ (ontra/i(tions in e3i/en(e of 'itness affe(t (re/i4ilit, of 'itness onl, if o0ission an/ (ontra/i(tion affe(t (ore of t+e 2rose(-tion (ase. In &al "ahadur *s. State 5N.C.T. of /elhi6 520196 4 SCC <<7 it +as 4een +el/ t+at 0ar1inal 3ariations in t+e state0ents of a 'itness (annot 4e /-44e/ as i02ro3e0ent as t+e sa0e 0a, 4e ela4oration of t+e state0ent 0a/e 4, t+e 'itness earlier. In 3ie' of t+e a4o3e le1al 2ro2ositions) t+e e3i/en(e of P.!.-10 '+o is (o02letel, /isintereste/ 'itness +a3in1 no ani0osit, or ran(o-r a1ainst t+e a((-se/) (annot 4e 4r-s+e/ asi/e as -n'ort+, of 4elief. %ne@-i3o(all,) '+ite /is(+ar1e 'as fo-n/ in t+e 3a1inal (a3it, of 5s. 6ar-s+i at t+e ti0e of 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination of +er /ea/ 4o/, 4, "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re an/ t+is fa(t +as not 4een 1ainsai/ 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons in t+eir state0ents -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. Presen(e of '+ite
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/is(+ar1e in t+e 3a1inal (a3it, of 5s. 6ar-s+i /enotes t+at s+e 'as en1a1e/ in se>-al inter(o-rse) al4eit) no s2er0atoFoa 'as fo-n/ in t+e 3a1inal s'a4. T+is fa(t 1ets stren1t+ene/ fro0 anot+er fa(t t+at t+e 2ri3ate 2arts of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'ere (leane/ 'it+ 'ater an/ t+erefore) t+e 4e/-s+eet 4elo' t+e 2el3i( re1ion 'as fo-n/ 'et an/ no 4iolo1i(al fl-i/ or se0en (o-l/ 4e /ete(te/ '+ile e>a0inin1 t+e 4e/-s+eet 0aterial >+i4it-;; 4, P.!.-= "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra) t+e Senior S(ientifi( <ffi(er Cra/e-I of C.8.S.#.) Ne' "el+i. "r. 5o+a2atra +as (learl, /e2ose/ t+at in t+e sai/ 0aterial e>a0ination an/ "N6 2rofilin1 >+i4it no -rine re2ort /ate/ (o-l/ 4e /ete(te/. $e +as 2ro3e/ +is 4iolo1i(al 1;.07.2010 as 4e/-s+eet >+i4it-7a-14 in '+i(+ it +as 4een >+i4it-;;) /i/ not
also 0entione/ t+at t+e /esi1nate/ (ir(-lar area of >+i4it-1(0aterial ,iel/ "N6 for anal,sis. If 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ (o-l/ not +a3e 4een fo-n/ en1a1e/ in se>-al inter(o-rse t+ere 'as no reason to 0a7e en/ea3o-r t+at fa(t-0 of se>-al inter(o-rse 4e not 0entione/ in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of 5s. 6ar-s+i. P.!.-7 D.D. Ca-ta0 +as /e2ose/ t+at +e is a(@-ainte/ 'it+ "r. S-s+il C+a-/+ar, of ,e Care
$os2ital) Se(tor-2=) N.<.I.".6. '+o on 1=.0;.2008 0a/e a tele2+one (all to +i0 an/ infor0e/ t+at t+e /a-1+ter of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar '+o +a22ens to 4e t+e 4rot+er of +is frien/ "r. "ines+ Tal'ar +as 4een 0-r/ere/ an/ t+e /ea/ 4o/, +as 4een sent for 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination an/ t+erefore) +e s+o-l/ +el2 +i0. $e +as also state/ t+at "r. S-s+il C+a-/+ar, +as also /esire/ t+at t+e fa(t of ra2e s+o-l/ not 4e 0entione/ in t+e 2ost0orte0
Pa1e ??
e>a0ination re2ort 4-t +e e>2resse/ +is ina4ilit, on t+is 2oint. P.!.- 17 "ee2a7 Dan/a) No/al <ffi(er) 6irtel) Ne' "el+i +as /e2ose/ t+at %ser I" "S# 0120;&1=&88 is in t+e na0e of 5rs. N-2-r Tal'ar) R/o #-&2) Se(tor-2;) N.<.I.".6. an/ its lan/ line tele2+one n-04er is 01204&1=&88. P.!.-1? "ee2a7) No/al <ffi(er) :o/afone 5o4ile Ser3i(es #t/.) Ne' "el+i +as /e2ose/ t+at 0o4ile no. ?8??;;;??? is in t+e na0e of D.D. Ca-ta0 of In3ertis Instit-te of St-/ies an/ 0o4ile no. ????1010?4 is in t+e na0e of "r. S-s+il C+a-/+ar,. P.!.-21 R.D. Sin1+) No/al <ffi(er) B+arti 6irtel #t/.) Ne' "el+i +as 2ro3e/ t+at 0o4ile nos. ??10;20=&0) ?871;;72&;) ?871=2;74=) ?8100&7?2= are in t+e na0e of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar. $e +as also 2ro3e/ t+at 0o4ile no. ?810&022?8 is in t+e na0e of "r. "ines+ Tal'ar. P.!.-22 5.N. :i.a,an) No/al <ffi(er) Tata Tele Ser3i(es #t/.) Ne' "el+i +as 2ro3e/ t+at 0o4ile no. ?21&;1;48; is re1istere/ in t+e na0e of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar. P.!.-1? +as /e2ose/ t+at as 2er >+i4it-7a-2; on 1=.0;.2008 a (all 'as 0a/e at 11:1;:0= +o-rs fro0 0o4ile no. ?810&022?8 to 0o4ile no. ????1010?4. "-ration of t+is (all 'as 10; se(on/s. $e +as also state/ t+at on 1=.0;.2008 a (all 'as 0a/e fro0 ????1010?4 to 0o4ile no. ?8??;;;??? at 11:;7:&= +o-rs an/ its /-ration 'as 144 se(on/s. <n t+e sa0e /ate a (all 'as 0a/e fro0 ????1010?4 to 0o4ile no. ?810&022?8 at 12:07:;= +o-rs an/ it laste/ for 18 se(on/s. <n t+e sa0e /ate a (all 'as 0a/e fro0 ????1010?4 to 0o4ile no. ?8??;;;??? at 12:08:44 +o-rs for 128 se(on/s. <n t+e sa0e /ate a (all 'as 0a/e fro0 ?810&022?8 to 0o4ile no. ????1010?4 at 1;:02:08
Pa1e 100
+o-rs an/ its /-ration 'as &4 se(on/s. <n t+e sa0e /ate a (all 'as 0a/e fro0 ?810&022?8 to 0o4ile no. ????1010?4 at 1;:0=:00 +o-rs an/ its /-ration 'as 14 se(on/s. <n t+e sa0e /ate a (all 'as 0a/e fro0 0o4ile no. ?8??;;;??? to 0o4ile no. ????1010?4 at 18:;7:11 +o-rs an/ its /-ration 'as == se(on/s an/ at 18:;7:1; +o-rs an/ its /-ration 'as also == se(on/s. <n t+e sa0e /ate a (all 'as 0a/e fro0 0o4ile no. ????1010?4 to 0o4ile no. ?810&022?8 at 1?:2=:17 +o-rs an/ its /-ration 'as 40 se(on/s. T+-s) it 4e(o0es e3i/ent t+at "r. S-s+il C+a-/+ar,) "r. "ines+ Tal'ar an/ D.D. Ca-ta0 'ere in to-(+ 'it+ ea(+ ot+er on tele2+ones o3er t+is iss-e. Call-/etail re(or/s +a3e 4een /-l, 2ro3e/. Certifi(ate -n/er se(tion =;-B of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t +as also 4een 2ro3e/ 4, P.!.-1?. Re(entl,) in )rashant "harti *s. State 5N.C.T. @f /elhi6 520196 8 SCC 289 it +as 4een +el/ t+at e3i/en(e of 0o4ile 2+one (all-/etails is (on(l-si3e in nat-re for all intents an/ 2-r2oses. In t+at /e(ision t+e la' as lai/ /o'n in #a,ra, *s. State 5N.C.T. @f /elhi6 520126 1 SCC 5Cri.6 79 E 520116 10 SCC ;7< 'as relie/ on in '+i(+ it +as 4een +el/ t+at e>isten(e of e3en serio-s /is(re2an(, in oral e3i/en(e +as to ,iel/ to (on(l-si3e s(ientifi( e3i/en(e (Call "etail Re(or/s). In 200< 596 Cri3es >7 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at 2rint-o-ts ta7en fro0 (o02-ter/ser3er are a/0issi4le an/ t+e, are to 4e treate/ as a-t+enti(. It is 2ertinent to 0ention +ere t+at 4efore 1=.0;.2008 t+e, +a3e +ar/l, 0a/e tele2+one (alls to ea(+ ot+er an/ t+-s it is f-ll, esta4lis+e/ t+at t+e, 'ere in (onta(t 'it+ ea(+ ot+er re1ar/in1 non/is(los-re of fa(t-0 of se>-al inter(o-rse in t+e
Pa1e 101
2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of 5s. 6ar-s+i. "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re +as also state/ t+at '+en +e 'as on 'a, to 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination roo0 t+en "r. "ines+ Tal'ar 1a3e +i0 a (ell-2+one an/ tol/ +i0 to tal7 'it+ "r. T.". "o1ra of 6.I.I.5.S. 6lt+o-1+) "r. "o+re +a/ onl, state/ t+at "r. T.". "o1ra +a/ tol/ +i0 t+at 4loo/ sa02les of t+e /e(ease/ 6ar-s+i 4e ta7en 4-t it a22ears t+at "r. "o1ra +a/ as7e/ +i0 not to 0ention in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort a4o-t t+e e3i/en(e of se>-al inter(o-rse an/ t+is fa(t +as 4een /eli4eratel, s-22resse/ 4, "r. "o+re. If "r. "o+re +as not 0entione/ in t+e
2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort t+at o2enin1 of 3a1inal (a3it, 'as 2ro0inent an/ t+e 3a1inal (anal 'as 3isi4leM t+at t+e 3a1inal orifi(e of 6ar-s+i 'as 'i/e an/ o2en an/ t+at 3a1inal (anal (o-l/ 4e seenM t+at t+e +,0en of t+e /e(ease/ 'as ol/) torn an/ +eale/ an/ t+ese fa(ts 'ere not state/ to t+e earlier in3esti1atin1 offi(ers on 18.0;.2008) 18.07.2008 an/ 0&.10.2008 t+en it (annot 4e sai/ t+at +is state0ent (annot 4e relie/ -2on. Sin(e @-estions re1ar/in1 s2e(ifi(all, t+e (on/ition 4, of 3a1ina earlier 'ere not as7e/ t+e in3esti1atin1
offi(ers an/ t+erefore) t+ere 'as no o((asion to tell a4o-t t+ese fa(ts to t+e0. In Jas-ant Singh *s. State of 'ar7ana 520006 4 SCC 4>4 it +as 4een +el/ t+at an o0ission in or/er to 4e si1nifi(ant 0-st /e2en/ -2on '+et+er t+e s2e(ifi( @-estion) t+e ans'er to '+i(+ 'as o0itte/) 'as 2-t to t+e 'itness. If t+e (on/ition of 3a1ina) 3a1inal orifi(e 'as not 0entione/ in 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort an/ it 'as also not 0entione/ t+at +,0en
Pa1e 102
'as ol/) torn an/ +eale/ t+en it s+o's ne1li1en(e or /eli4erate a(t on t+e 2art of "r. "o+re '+o a22ears to +a3e s-22resse/ t+ese 0aterial fa(ts in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort onl, 4e(a-se +e 'as a22roa(+e/ 4, "r. T.". "o1ra an/ "r. "ines+ Tal'ar of +is 2rofessional fraternit, '+o re0aine/ in to-(+ 'it+ +i0 4efore 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination. 6 0an 0a, tell a lie 4-t t+e (ir(-0stan(es (an ne3er. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e a/0itte/ in t+eir 'ritten state0ents -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at on so0e o((asions "r. N-2-r Tal'ar re0o3e/ t+e 7e, fro0 5s. 6ar-s+iEs lo(7 an/ 7e2t t+e sa0e 'it+ +er. It is an a/0itte/ fa(t t+at t+e /oor of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 4e/-roo0 'as +a3in1 (li(7 s+-t a-to0ati( lo(7 an/ as s-(+ it (o-l/ +a3e 4een o2ene/ eit+er 4, t+e 2arents 'it+ t+e 7e, fro0 o-tsi/e or 4, 5s. 6ar-s+i fro0 insi/e. P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra +as /e2ose/ t+at '+en +e +a/ tal7e/ to "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar t+en +e +a/ tol/ +i0 t+at in t+e 2re(e/in1 ni1+t at a4o-t 11.&0 P.5. roo0 of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs /oor 'as lo(7e/ fro0 o-tsi/e an/ after ta7in1 t+e 7e, +e +a/ 1one to slee2. It is not t+e (ase of t+e a((-se/ t+at on t+at fatef-l ni1+t t+e 7e, of 4e/-roo0 'as 'it+ $e0ra. or t+at t+e, +a/ o2ene/ t+e /oor 'it+ t+e 7e, an/ t+erefore) it 4e(o0es (lear t+at t+e roo0 'as o2ene/ 4, 5s. 6ar-s+i +erself. It 'as not 2ossi4le eit+er for $e0ra. or an o-tsi/er to -nlo(7 t+e /oor 'it+o-t t+e 7e,. 5ere a4sen(e of s2er0atoFoa in t+e 3a1inal s'a4 (annot r-le o-t 2ossi4ilit, of se>-al inter(o-rse as +as 4een +el/ in )rithi Chand *s. State of 'i3achal )radesh 18>8 SCC 5Cri.6 20;. It is esta4lis+e/ t+at 2ri3ate 2arts of /e(ease/ 5s. 6ar-s+i 'ere (leane/ an/
Pa1e 10&
4e(a-se of t+at 4e/-s+eet 4elo' t+e 2el3i( re1ion 'as fo-n/ 'et an/ +en(e 2resen(e of s2er0atoFoa (an +ar/l, 4e seen or fo-n/. In /udh Nath )ande7 *s. State of (.). AI+ 18>1 SC 811 State of (.). *s. "a%u +a3 State of 520006 4 SCC <1< 0unshi )rasad *s. State of "ihar 2001 5496 ACC 1001 5SC6 'ar7ana *s. +a3 Singh AI+ 2002 SC ;20 it +as 4een +el/ t+at t+e (re/i4ilit, of /efen(e 'itnesses stan/s on t+e sa0e footin1 on '+i(+ 2rose(-tion 'itnesses stan/ an/ t+ere is no /istin(tion 4et'een t+e t'o. T+e /efen(e 'itnesses are entitle/ to e@-al treat0ent 'it+ t+e 'itnesses of 2rose(-tion. $o'e3er) t+e e3i/en(e of ".!.-& "r. %r0il S+ar0a an/ ".!.-4 R.D. S+ar0a /oes not ins2ire (onfi/en(e on t+is as2e(t. ".!.-& +as state/ in +er (rosse>a0ination t+at if 0ale +as -n/er1one o2eration of 3ase(to0, or/inaril, no s2er0atoFoa s+all 4e fo-n/ in +is /is(+ar1e. S+e +as also state/ t+at if t+ere is no s2er0atoFoa in a 0ale-/is(+ar1e t+en s2er0atoFoa 'ill not 4e seen. It is not to 4e
for1otten t+at 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ are /o(tors 4, 2rofession an/ t+erefore) t+e, 'ere in 2osition to /estro, t+e e3i/en(e of 2erfor0an(e of se>-al inter(o-rse. ".!.-& "r. %r0il S+ar0a is (o02letel, an intereste/ an/ 2artisan 'itness '+o +as a22eare/ in t+e (o-rt to /e2ose in fa3o-r of t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/ t+erefore) +er e3i/en(e (annot 4e relie/ -2on. S+e +as a/0itte/ in +er (rosse>a0ination t+at s+e +a/ 0et t+e a((-se/ 2ersons 8-10 ,ears 4a(7. S+e also 7no's "r. "ines+ Tal'ar 4e(a-se t+e, 4ot+ 'or7 in 62ollo $os2ital. S+e +as also a/0itte/ in +er (ross-e>a0ination t+at s+e +as
Pa1e 104
not e>a0ine/ t+e '+ite /is(+ar1e of t+is (ase an/ 'it+o-t 0i(ros(o2i( e>a0ination it 'ill 4e /iffi(-lt to sa, as to '+et+er t+e '+ite /is(+ar1e in t+e 3a1ina is fro0 o-tso-r(e or not an/ if t+e /o(tor (on/-(tin1 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination +as 0entione/ a4o-t t+e 2resen(e of '+ite /is(+ar1e in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort t+en @-estion of e>a0ination 4, 0i(ros(o2e 'ill not arise an/ t+-s t+e e3i/en(e of ".!.-& (annot 4e 4elie3e/. ".!.-4 "r. R.D. S+ar0a +as also a/0itte/ t+at '+ite /is(+ar1e +as 4een s+o'n in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of 5s. 6ar-s+i. $is state0ent to t+e effe(t t+at if /-rin1 t+e 2ro(ess of settin1 in of ri1or 0ortis 3a1ina is (leane/ 'it+ (otton or soft (lot+ t+en in.-ries on e>ternal an/ internal 2art of 3a1ina 0a, (o0e (annot 4e 4elie3e/ at all. P.!.-&= "r. Nares+ Ra. +as 0entione/ in +is 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort t+at t+e 2enis of $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ s'ollen 4-t if +e +as state/ 4efore t+e (o-rt t+at t+e s'ellin1 'as 4e(a-se eit+er +e +a/ 4een 0-r/ere/ in t+e 0i/st of se>-al inter(o-rse or .-st 4efore +e 'as a4o-t to +a3e se>-al inter(o-rse is not+in1 4-t @-ite 2re2ostero-s an/ reall, a 0e/i(al 4las2+e0, as t+e reasons as(ri4e/ 4, +i0 are l-/i(ro-s. ".!.-4 "r. R.D. S+ar0a +as ri1+tl, 2ointe/ o-t in +is state0ent t+at in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of $e0ra.) "r. Nares+ Ra. +as 'ritten t+at e,es 'ere 2rotr-/in1 o-t) 4loo/ ooFin1 o-t of 0o-t+ an/ nostrils) sto0a(+ 'as /isten/e/ an/ t+ere 'as s'ellin1 in t+e 2enis '+i(+ are all si1ns of 2-trifi(ation an/ t+erefore) s'ellin1 in t+e 2enis an/ s(rot-0 'as an a((o-nt of 2-trifi(ation of t+e /ea/ 4o/, an/ not 4e(a-se of
Pa1e 10;
se>-al inter(o-rse. Be t+at as it 0a,) t+e fa(t re0ains t+at t+e 2enis of $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ s'ollen at t+e ti0e of 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination of +is /ea/ 4o/,. "eat+ of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ +as ta7en 2la(e insi/e t+e flat of t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/ t+erefore) 0o/e an/ 0anner of (o00ittin1 t+e 0-r/er of t+e /e(ease/ are 'it+in t+e es2e(ial 7no'le/1e of t+e a((-se/ '+i(+ t+e, (o-l/ not e>2lain. T+e 2rose(-tion (annot 4e s-22ose/ to 1i3e e3i/en(e of t+at fa(t '+i(+ is i02ossi4le for it to 4e 1i3en 4e(a-se no e,e 'itness e>(e2t t+e a((-se/ 2ersons 'as 2resent at t+e ti0e of t+e 0-r/er of t+e /e(ease/ 2ersons. To re2eat at t+e (ost of re2etition) in all +-0an affairs a4sol-te (ertaint, is a 0,t+ an/ as )rofessor "rett feli(ito-sl, 2-ts itAall e>a(tness is a fa7eK. If 5r. 6.C.#. Da-l +as 0entione/ in +is (los-re re2ort t+at no 4loo/ of $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ on t+e 4e/-s+eet an/ 2illo' of 6ar-s+i) t+ere is no e3i/en(e to 2ro3e t+at $e0ra. 'as 0-r/ere/ in t+e roo0 of 6ar-s+i) s(ientifi( tests on "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar +a3e not (on(l-si3el, in/i(ate/ t+eir in3ol3e0ent in t+e (ri0e) t+e e>a(t se@-en(e of e3ents in t+e inter3enin1 ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 to =.00 6.5. in t+e 0ornin1 is not (lear) t+e offen(e +as ta7en 2la(e in an en(lose/ flat) +en(e) no e,e-'itnesses are a3aila4le an/ t+e (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e (olle(te/ /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of in3esti1ation +a3e (riti(al an/ s-4stantial 1a2s an/ t+ere is a4sen(e of (lear-(-t 0oti3e an/ non re(o3er, of an, 'ea2on of offen(e an/ t+eir lin7 eit+er to t+e ser3ants or to t+e 2arents) t+en on t+at 1ro-n/ no /ent is (reate/ on t+e (ase of
Pa1e 10=
2rose(-tion. T+e (o-rt is not 4o-n/ 4, t+e sai/ o4ser3ations/fin/in1s of t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er 5r. Da-l. T+e learne/ S2e(ial 9-/i(ial 5a1istrate (C.B.I.)) C+aFia4a/ after /isa1reein1 'it+ t+e reasons for s-40ittin1 (los-re re2ort) s-00one/ t+e a((-se/ 2ersons to stan/ trial. T+at or/er +as finall, 4een affir0e/ 4, t+e $onE4le S-2re0e Co-rt an/ t+erefore) fro0 t+e sai/ fin/in1s of t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er no 4enefit (an 4e /eri3e/ 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons. P.!.-= "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra +as 0entione/ in +is re2ort >+i4it-7a-= t+at >+i4it-21 'as one 2illo' >+i4it-7+a-4; at 2a1e && it 'it+ 2rinte/ 0-lti (olo-re/ 2illo'-(o3er +a3in1 fe' faint 4ro'n stains. In +as 4een 'ritten t+at one 4loo/ staine/ 2illo' 'it+ 2illo'-(o3er 'as re(o3ere/ fro0 t+e roo0 of 5s. 6ar-s+i. "r. 5o+a2atra +as 0entione/ in +is re2ort >+i4it-7a-= at 2ara no. 8.12 I: t+at 2artial "N6 2rofiles 1enerate/ fro0 t+e so-r(e of >+i4its-4(4loo/ s(ra22in1s)) =-4 (1lass 4ottle)) ? (4loo/ s(ra22in1s) an/ 21 (2illo') are (onsistent 'it+ t+e "N6 2rofiles 1enerate/ fro0 t+e so-r(e of >+i4it-11 (4loo/ staine/ t+rea/s) an/ a02lifie/ lo(i. In >+i4it-24 (2ie(e of 'all +a3in1 i02ression of 2al0 2rint) at t+e >+i4it-7+a-17 on '+i(+ relian(e +as 4een 2la(e/ 4, t+e a((-se/) it +as 4een 0entione/ at 2a1e no. 11 (2a2er no. 1;4-6a/12) in ans'er to @-estion no. 2 t+at 2artial "N6 2rofiles 1enerate/ fro0 >+i4its-4 (4loo/ s(ra22in1s)) =-4 (1lass 4ottle)) ? (4loo/ s(ra22in1s) an/ 21 (2illo') are (onsistent 'it+ t+e "N6 2rofiles 1enerate/ fro0 t+e so-r(e of >+i4it-11 (4loo/ staine/ t+rea/s) an/ >+i4it-24 (2ie(e of 'all +a3in1 i02ression of 2al0
Pa1e 107
2rint) at t+e a02lifie/ lo(i an/ t+-s it 4e(o0es a4-n/antl, (lear t+at $e0ra.Es "N6 +as 4een fo-n/ on t+e 2illo' 'it+ (o3er '+i(+ 'as re(o3ere/ fro0 t+e roo0 of 5s. 6ar-s+i as 2er letter /ate/ 04.0=.2008 >+i4it-7+a-4; of S.P. (C.B.I.). "r. 5.S. "a+i,a) alt+o-1+) +as not 0entione/ in +is re2ort >+i4it-7a-?& t+at +e ins2e(te/ t+e s(ene of (ri0e 4-t P.!.-&? 5r. 6.C.#. Da-l +as /e2ose/ t+at in t+e (ase /iar, /ate/ 0?.10.200? +e +as 0entione/ t+at s(ene of (ri0e 'as ins2e(te/ alon1 'it+ "r. 5.S. "a+i,a. If ins2e(tor 6r3in/ 9aitle, '+o a((o02anie/ "r "a+i,a +as not 4een 2ro/-(e/ t+en no a/3erse inferen(e (an 4e /ra'n. T+ere is no re@-ire0ent of la' to asso(iate 2-4li( 'itness at t+e ti0e of ins2e(tion of t+e (ri0e s(ene. I.<. 5r. Da-l also a((o02anie/ "r. "a+i,a at t+e ti0e of ins2e(tion of s(ene of (ri0e an/ t+erefore) 2l-ralit, of e3i/en(e 'as not re@-ire/. S-4ornation of 'itnesses +as 4een fro'ne/ -2on 4, t+e $onE4le S-2re0e Co-rt. "r. "a+i,a is a re2-te/ e>2ert of forensi( s(ien(e. $e is (re/ite/ to +a3e 1i3en re2orts in 3er, i02ortant (ases '+i(+ +e +as /etaile/ in +is e3i/en(e. $e is also t+e a-t+or of a 4oo7 ACri0e S(ene 5ana1e0entK. $e +as state/ on oat+ t+at on 0?.10.200? +e +a/ 3isite/ t+e s(ene of (ri0e alon1 'it+ t+e in3esti1atin1 tea0 an/ t+en +e +a/ 2re2are/ +is re2ort after +a3in1 /is(-ssion 'it+ t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er. T+ere is not+in1 to s-11est t+at s-(+ a 'itness +ol/in1 +i1+ 2ost an/ an e0inent e>2ert 'ill s-((-04 to t+e 2ress-re of C.B.I. to 1i3e +is re2ort >+i4it-7a-?& a1ainst t+e '+o0 no ani0osit, or a((-se/ 2ersons 'it+
2re.-/i(e +as 4een s+o'n. In 3ie' of t+e fin/in1s

Pa1e 108
ret-rne/ in t+e 2re(e/in1 2ara1ra2+s t+e re2ort >+i4it-7a-?& of P.!.-&8 "r. 5.S. "a+i,a (annot 4e (asti1ate/ as 4ereft of lo1i( an/ rat+er t+e re2ort is (o02ati4le 'it+ t+e (ir(-0stan(es /elineate/ +erein a4o3e. T+-s) t+e 0oti3e of t+e (ri0e also stan/s 2ro3e/. 5in/ is) in/ee/) a 2e(-liar 2la(e an/ t+e 'or7in1 of +-0an 0in/ is often ins(r-ta4le. 5oti3e is t+e 0o3in1 2o'er '+i(+ i02els a(tion or a /efinite res-lt or to 2-t it /ifferentl, 0oti3e is t+at '+i(+ in(ites or sti0-lates a 2erson to /o an a(t (#ide C+an/ra )ra4ash Shahi *s. State of (.). 520006 < SCC 1<26. In State of 2arnata4a *s. /a=id +a$ario and others 520026 7 SCC 72> it +as 4een +el/ t+at '+ere a (re/i4le e3i/en(e e>ists on re(or/ to esta4lis+ 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/) it is not ne(essar, to fin/ o-t t+e 0oti3e of t+e (ri0e. In State of 0.). *s. /ig=i,a7 Singh AI+ 18>1 SC 1740 *inod 2u3ar *s. State of 0.). 2002 5446 ACC 884 5SC6 Tha33an 2u3ar *s. (.T. of Chandigarh 520096 ; SCC 9>0 State of '.). *s. Jeet Singh 518886 4 SCC 970 and Suresh Chand "ahri *s. State of "ihar AI+ 1884 SC 2420 it +as 4een +el/ t+at a4sen(e of 0oti3e 'o-l/ not in an, 0anner /esta4iliFe t+e 2rose(-tion (ase. In 0ani 2u3ar Thapa *s. State of Si44i3 520026 7 SCC 1<7 Sahade=an A Sagade=an *s. State 2009 SCC 5Crl.6 9>2) it +as 4een +el/ t+at if t+e (ir(-0stan(es are 2ro3e/ 4e,on/ /o-4t) t+en t+e a4sen(e of 0oti3e 'o-l/ not +a02er a (on3i(tion. In (,agar Singh *s. State of )un,a% 520076 19 SCC 80 it 'as +el/ Ait is tr-e t+at in a (ase relatin1 to (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e 0oti3e /oes ass-0e 1reat i02ortan(e 4-t to sa, t+at t+e a4sen(e of
Pa1e 10?
0oti3e 'o-l/ /islo/1e t+e entire 2rose(-tion stor, is 2er+a2s 1i3in1 t+is one fa(tor an i02ortan(e '+i(+ is not /-e an/ (to -se t+e (li(+O) t+e 0oti3e is in t+e 0in/ of t+e a((-se/ an/ (an sel/o0 4e fat+o0e/ 'it+ an, /e1ree of a((-ra(,.K In 0oh33ad Adil *s. State 2008 Cr&J N@C 424 it 'as +el/ t+at 0oti3e if 2ro3e/ 0a7es t+e (ase stron1er 4-t its a4sen(e /oes not ren/er e3i/en(e -n'ort+, of a((e2tan(e. Proof of 0oti3e in a (ase 4ase/ on (ir(-0stantial '+en e3i/en(e is is of no an/ (onse@-en(e e3i/en(e stron1
(ir(-0stan(es s2ea7 lo-/l,) 4ol/l, an/ (learl,. T+ere 'o-l/ 4e a sin1le (ir(-0stan(e so stron1) 'ei1+t, an/ (on(l-si3e t+at -nless satisfa(toril, e>2laine/) 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/ (o-l/ 4e /ra'n fro0 it. In Jagdish *s. State of 0.). 2010 516 (.). Cri3inal +ulings 981 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at in a (ase of (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e 0oti3e /oes not +a3e e>tre0e si1nifi(an(e. In a4sen(e of 0oti3e) t+e (on3i(tion 4ase/ on (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e (an in 2rin(i2le 4e 0a/e. In )radeep *s. State 5N.C.T. of /elhi6 2011 Cr.&.J. 411< 5/"!/elhi6 it 'as +el/ t+at a4sen(e of 0oti3e in a (ase 4ase/ on (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e is of no (onse@-en(e) if (ir(-0stan(es relie/ -2on 4, t+e 2rose(-tion are 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t. In A,it Singh 'arna3 Singh #u,ral *s. State of 0aharashtra 2012 516 AC+ 84 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at 0oti3e is i02ortant in (ase of (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e 4-t it /oes not 0ean t+at if 2rose(-tion is -na4le to satisfa(toril, 2ro3e 0oti3e) its (ase 0-st fail. Co-rt (annot enter into t+e 0in/ of +-0an 4ein1. T+e sa0e 3ie' +as 4een ta7en in A3ita=a "anar,ee A
Pa1e 110
"appa "anar,ee *s. State of :est "engal 2012 516 AC+ 90; 5SC6. In 0unish 0u%ar *s. State of 'ar7ana 520126 10 SCC 4;4 it 'as +el/ t+at e3i/en(e re1ar/in1 e>isten(e of 0oti3e '+i(+ o2erates in 0in/ of an assassin is 3er, often not 'it+in t+e rea(+ of ot+ers. 5oti3e 0a, not e3en 4e 7no'n to 3i(ti0. 5oti3e 0a, 4e 7no'n to assassin an/ none else 0a, 7no' '+at 1a3e 4irt+ to s-(+ e3il t+o-1+t in +is 0in/. Re(entl,) in Sanaullah 2han *s. State of "ihar 520196 9 SCC <2 it +as 4een +el/ t+at '+ere ot+er (ir(-0stan(es lea/ to t+e onl, +,2ot+esis t+at a((-se/ +as (o00itte/ t+e offen(e) (o-rt (annot a(@-it t+e a((-se/ of offen(e 0erel, 4e(a-se 0oti3e for (o00ittin1 offen(e +as not 4een esta4lis+e/. It is a 0atter of (o00on 7no'le/1e t+at 0an, a 0-r/ers +a3e 4een (o00itte/ 'it+o-t an, 7no'n or 2ro0inent 0oti3e. 5ere fa(t t+at 2rose(-tion +as faile/ to translate t+at 0ental /is2osition of t+e a((-se/ into e3i/en(e /oes not 0ean t+at no s-(+ 0ental (on/ition e>iste/ in t+e 0in/ of t+e assailant. Re(entl,) in *i=e4 2alra *s. State of +a,asthan 2019 5>26 ACC ;< it +as 4een o4ser3e/ t+at '+ere (+ain of ot+er (ir(-0stan(es is esta4lis+e/ 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t t+at it is t+e a((-se/ an/ a((-se/ alone '+o (o00itte/ t+e offen(e it (annot 4e +el/ in a4sen(e of 0oti3e t+at a((-se/ +as not (o00itte/ t+e offen(e. Pa2er no. 182-6a/2 to 182-6a/1& 'as /-l, 2re2are/ 4, "r. "a+i,a -n/er +is o'n si1nat-res an/ it +as 4een 2ro3e/ in a((or/an(e 'it+ t+e 2ro3isions of 3i/en(e 6(t an/ t+erefore) ri1+tl, it
Pa1e 111
'as 0ar7e/ as >+i4it-7a-?&. 6((or/in1l, o4.e(tions
re1ar/in1 0ar7in1 of o3err-le/.
>+i4it are not s-staine/ an/
It +as ne>t 4een (onten/e/ 4, 5r. 5ir t+at fi3e /ifferent 0-r/er 'ea2ons 3iF +a00er) s+ar2-e/1e/ 'ea2on) 7-7ri) 1olf (l-4 no. ; an/ s-r1i(al s(al2el s-rfa(e/ /-rin1 t+e in3esti1ationM fro0 1=.0;.2008 to <(to4er 200? t+e 1olf (l-4 'as ne3er in t+e s2e(tr-0 of t+e in3esti1atin1 a1en(iesM on t+e 4asis of t+e in(orre(t infor0ation s-22lie/ 4, 5r. 6.C.#. Da-l) "r. "a+i,a for t+e first ti0e intro/-(e/ 1olf (l-4 as one of t+e 0-r/er 'ea2onsM "r. "a+i,a 0entione/ in +is re2ort >+i4it-7a-?& t+at trian1-lar s+a2e/ +ea/ in.-r, s-11est t+at 'ea2on of assa-lt 0-st +a3e 4een a 1olf (l-4 4-t in +is e3i/en(e +e +as a/0itte/ t+at I.<. +a/ ne3er s+o'e/ +i0 an, 1olf (l-4M t+ere is also so0e 2ossi4ilit, of +o(7e, sti(7 to +a3e 4een -se/M t+e 1olf (l-4s 'ere ta7en in 2ossession 4, C.B.I. on &0.10.200? 4-t t+eir test i/entifi(ation 2ara/e is not a((or/an(e 'it+ la' an/ +en(e ina/0issi4leM in t+e e>a0ination re2ort it 'as fo-n/ t+at 4loo/ or ot+er 4iolo1i(al fl-i/s (o-l/ not 4e /ete(te/ on >+i4its-1 to 12 (12 1olf sti(7s)M ne1li1i4le a0o-nt of soil 'as fo-n/ sti(7in1 in t+e (a3it, of t+e n-04ers en1ra3e/ on 4otto0 2ortion of t+e +ea/ of t+e 1olf sti(7s (1olf (l-4s) 0ar7e/ >+i4it & * ; in (o02arison to t+e soil sti(7in1 in t+e (a3it, of t+e n-04ers en1ra3e/ on 4otto0 2ortion of t+e +ea/s of 1olf sti(7s (1olf (l-4s * iron 2-tter) 0ar7e/ >+i4its 1) 2) 4) =) 7) 8) ?) 10) 11 * 12M P.!.-1; 5r. %0es+ S+ar0a +as 4een /e(lare/ +ostile an/ +as state/ t+at in t+e C.B.I. <ffi(e on seein1 1olf (l-4s 4earin1 nos. 4 * ; +e +as not state/ t+at t+ese 3er, 1olf (l-4s +a/ 4een ta7en o-t
Pa1e 112
4, +i0 fro0 t+e (ar an/ 7e2t in t+e ser3ant @-arter of #-&2M t+at '+en 1olf (l-4 4earin1 nos. 4 * ; 'ere s+o'n to +i0 +e +as state/ t+at +e (annot sa, '+et+er t+ese 'ere t+e 1olf sti(7s 4earin1 nos. 4 * ;M t+e test i/entifi(ation 0e0o 'as not e>2laine/ to +i0 in $in/i an/ sin(e 5r. Da-l +as 4eaten +i0 -2 an/ t+erefore) +e +a/ si1ne/ t+e 0e0o o-t of fearM t+at P.!.-1= 5r. #a>0an Sin1+ +as /e2ose/ t+at 5r. %0es+ S+ar0a too7 o-t t'o 1olf sti(7s fro0 4a1 an/ state/ to 5r. Da-l t+at t+ese 3er, t'o 1olf sti(7s 'ere 7e2t 4, +i0 in t+e ser3ant @-arterM t+at "r. "o+re for t+e first ti0e on 28.0;.2010 1a3e state0ent to t+e I.<. t+at 4l-nt in.-ries 'ere (a-se/ 4, a 1olf (l-4 an/ +e +as not state/ in +is 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort t+at in.-r, nos. 1 * & (an 4e (a-se/ 4, 1olf (l-4 an/ onl, 7-7ri 'as s+o'n to +i0 4, C.B.I.M "r. Nares+ Ra. ne3er o2ine/ t+at 4l-nt in.-ries (o-l/ 4e (a-se/ 4, 1olf (l-4 an/ for t+e first ti0e in t+e (o-rt +e state/ t+at in.-ries nos. = * 7 of $e0ra. (an 4e (a-se/ 4, a +ar/ o4.e(t li7e a 1olf sti(7M t+at +e +a/ not 1i3en state0ent to 5r. $.S. Sa(+an t+at in.-ries nos. &) = an/ 7 (an 4e (a-se/ 4, a s-r1i(al s(al2el or a 1olf (l-4 res2e(ti3el,M t+at 4ot+ "r. "o+re an/ "r. Nares+ Ra. +a/ o2ine/ as 0e04ers of t+e e>2ert (o00ittee t+at 4l-nt in.-ries (o-l/ 4e (a-se/ 4, 7-7riM "r. 5o+a2atra +as 0entione/ in +is re2ort >+i4it7+a-&7 t+e 1olf (l-4s e>a0ine/ 4, +i0 res-lte/ in no i/entifi(ation of 4loo/) no "N6) no 4iolo1i(al 0aterial on an, of t+e 1olf (l-4sM t+at a((or/in1 to re2ort >+i4it-7a-;& of 5r. ".D. Tan'ar >+i4it-& is t+e 'oo/en 1olf (l-4) t+e en1ra3in1 no. 4) >+i4it-; is t+e 1olf (l-4 'it+ >+i4it-= is t+e 1olf (l-4 'it+
Pa1e 11&
t+e en1ra3in1 no. ; an/ t+-s 1olf (l-4 4earin1 en1ra3in1 no. ; ( >+i4it-=) 'as +a3in1 /irt '+ile it +as 4een t+e (ase of C.B.I. t+at 1olf (l-4 4earin1 en1ra3in1 no. ; ( >+i4it-=) 'as -se/ as a 0-r/er 'ea2onM t+at t+e state0ent of 5r. Da-l t+at in t+e inter3enin1 ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +ear/ so0e noise an/ t+en +e 'ent to t+e roo0 of $e0ra. an/ 2i(7e/ -2 one 1olf sti(7 an/ t+ereafter +e a1ain +ear/ noise (o0in1 fro0 +is /a-1+terEs roo0) '+ere-2on +e 2-s+e/ t+e /oor '+i(+ 'as a.ar an/ fo-n/ 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ in (o02ro0isin1 2osition an/ t+en +e 4l-/1eone/ 4ot+ of t+e0 to /eat+ 'it+ t+e 1olf (l-4 4-t is self(ontra/i(tor, as in +is (los-re re2ort 5r. Da-l +as +i0self .otte/ /o'n t+at t+e e>a(t se@-en(e of e3ents (in t+e inter3enin1 ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 00.08 0i/ ni1+t to =:00 6.5. in t+e 0ornin1) is not (learM no e3i/en(e +as e0er1e/ to s+o' t+e (lear role of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ "r. N-2-r tal'ar) in/i3i/-all, in t+e (o00ission of (ri0eM a 4oar/ of e>2erts (onstit-te/ /-rin1 earlier in3esti1ation tea0 +as 1i3en an o2inion t+at t+e 2ossi4ilit, of t+e ne(7s 4ein1 (-t 4, 7-7ri (annot 4e r-le/ o-t) alt+o-1+ /o(tors '+o +a3e (on/-(te/ 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination +a3e sai/ t+at (-t 'as /one 4, s-r1i(all, traine/ 2erson 'it+ a s0all s-r1i(al instr-0entM ".!.-4 "r. R.D. S+ar0a +as /e2ose/ t+at if an in.-r, is (a-se/ 4, t+e 1olf sti(7 t+en a /e2resse/ fra(t-re 'ill 4e (a-se/ an/ t+e 4one 'ill +a3e a /e2ressionM t+is (on(e2t is 4ase/ on #o(ar/Es Prin(i2le of >(+an1eM in 5s. 6ar-s+iEs or $e0ra.Es 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort) it is no'+ere 0entione/ t+at an, of t+e in.-ries (a-se/ /e2resse/
Pa1e 114
fra(t-resM in $e0ra.Es 2ost0orte0 re2ort t+e in.-r, no. 7 +as 4een 0entione/ as +a3in1 /i0ension of 8 P 2 (0. '+i(+ (annot 4e (a-se/ 4, a 1olf sti(7 4e(a-se t+e 4one on t+e 4a(7 of t+e +ea/ is ro-n/ s+a2e/ an/ t+e s-rfa(e of t+e 1olf sti(7 is flat) t+erefore) if t+e 1olf sti(7 is -se/ in an, 0anner to (a-se in.-r, t+en area of t+e i02a(t s+all ne3er 4e 8 P 2 (0.M in 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort t+e in.-r, nos. 1 * & +a3e 4een 0entione/ onl, as fra(t-re 4-t /e2resse/ fra(t-re +as not 4een 0entione/M t+erefore) in.-r, no. 1 * & on t+e +ea/ of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as not (a-se/ 4, t+e 1olf (l-4M in 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of 5s. 6ar-s+i in.-r, nos. 1 * & +as 4een /es(ri4e/ 4, "r. "o+re as a line fra(t-re an/ t+erefore) t+e sai/ in.-r, nos. 1 * & (o-l/ not +a3e 4een (a-se/ 4, t+e 1olf (l-4 an/ t+-s t+eor, of 1olf (l-4 'as intro/-(e/ for t+e first ti0e in <(to4er 200?) alt+o-1+) set of 1olf (l-4s 'as a3aila4le 4-t no noti(e -n/er se(tion ?1 Cr.P.C. 'as e3er 1i3en to 2ro/-(e t+e sa0e nor "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as @-estione/ a4o-t t+e 1olf (l-4. It 'as f-rt+er s-40itte/ t+at T.I.P. of 1olf (l-4s 'as ne3er (on/-(te/ in t+e 2resen(e of 9-/i(ial 5a1istrateM t+at 1olf (l-4s 'ere 'ra22e/ 'it+ a (lot+ on t+e 0i//le 2ortion an/ +ea/s an/ +an/les of (l-4s 'ere e>2ose/ an/ not seale/ at all an/ t+erefore) 2ossi4ilit, of ta02erin1 or (leanin1 at t+e en/ of C.B.I. (annot 4e r-le/ o-t an/ e3en 5al7+ana Re1ister +as not 4een 2ro/-(e/ nor in(+ar1e 5al7+ana 'as 2ro/-(e/ to s+o' t+e 2ro2er (-sto/, of 1olf (l-4s an/ t+e entire (+ain of (-sto/, is fra-1+t 'it+ s-s2i(ion as it +as not 4een 2ro3e/ as to '+en 1olf (l-4s 'ere sent 4a(7 to C.8.S.#. or to
Pa1e 11;
5r. ".D. Tan'ar an/ t+-s t+e stor, as /e2i(te/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion is a4sol-tel, a2o(r,2+al. It +as also 4een ar1-e/ 4, 5r. 5ir t+at t+e t+eor, 2ro2o-n/e/ 4, "r. "a+i,a t+at ne(7s of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 'ere slit 4, s-r1i(al s(al2el is also not 'ort+ relia4le in 3ie' of t+e fa(t t+at e>2ert (o00ittee in its re2ort >+i4it-7+a-17 /ate/ 0=.0?.2008 o2ine/ t+at 4ot+ t+e +ea/ an/ ne(7 in.-ries are 2ossi4le to +a3e 4een (a-se/ 4, 7-7riM "r. "o+re +as no '+ere state/ on 18.0;.2008) 18.07.2008 an/ 0&.10.2008 t+at in.-r, nos. 2 an/ 4 0a, 4e (a-se/ 4, s-r1i(all, s+ar2-e/1e/ 'ea2on an/ for t+e first ti0e +e +as state/ 4efore t+e in3esti1ation offi(er on &0.0?.200? an/ 28.0;.2010 t+at in.-r, nos. 2 an/ 4 'ere (a-se/ 4, s+ar2-e/1e/ s-r1i(al instr-0entM t+e e3i/en(e of "r. Nares+ Ra. t+at in.-r, no. & of $e0ra. 0a, 4e (a-se/ 4, s(al2el (annot 4e a((e2te/ as +e +as also not state/ to 5r. $.S. Sa(+an t+at t+e in.-ries no. &) = an/ 7 (an res2e(ti3el, 4e (a-se/ 4, s-r1i(al s(al2el an/ 1olf sti(7 an/ P.!.-&0 "r. "ines+ +as state/ in +is (rosse>a0ination t+at +e /oes not 7no' '+at 'as t+e s,lla4-s of B.".S. in t+e ,ear 1?8&M t+at state0ent of "r. C+an/ra B+-s+an Sin1+ 'as neit+er re(or/e/ nor +e 'as 2ro/-(e/ in t+e (o-rt an/ ".!.-2 "r. 60-l,a C+a//+a +as state/ in +is e3i/en(e t+at /entist /o not re(ei3e an, e0er1en(, 2atients '+o 'o-l/ re@-ire treat0ent 'it+ s(al2els an/ 0ostl, /entists 7ee2 s(al2els in t+eir (lini( an/ not at +o0e an/ a 2rost+o/ontist +ar/l, -ses a s(al2el an/ 0ost (o00onl, no. 1; 4la/e is -se/ in t+e s(al2elM t+e .o4 of ort+o/ontist (annot 4e 2erfor0e/ 4, a 2rost+o/ontist -nless +e +as 1ot t+e s2e(ialiFationM
Pa1e 11=
t+e (-ttin1 e/1e of 4la/e no. 1; is 7.8 00.) nor0all, in in.-ries (a-se/ 4, s(al2els one is 4o-n/ to see slas+es an/ in.-ries on t+e ne(7s of t+e /e(ease/ /o not +a3e t+e 2attern of slas+es an/ rat+er t+e, are /ee2 '+i(+ (an 4e (a-se/ 4, +ea3, s+ar2-e/1e/ an/ (-r3e/ s+a2e/ 'ea2onM if s(al2el is -se/ in (-ttin1 t+e tra(+ea t+en t+e s(al2el (an 4rea7 4e(a-se it +as (artila1e) (-ttin1 of '+i(+ is not eas,M (aroti/ arter, of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as fo-n/ (-t an/ it 'as fo-n/ 3er, /ee2 an/ as s-(+ (-ttin1 'it+ s(al2el is 3er, /iffi(-ltM s-r1i(all, traine/ 2erson (annot (-t t+e ne(7 in one stro7e 'it+ a s0all instr-0ent an/ 4ot+ "r. "o+re an/ "r. Ra. +a3e no '+ere state/ in t+e (o-rt t+at (-ts on t+e ne(7s of t+e /e(ease/ 'ere s-r1i(al (-ts an/ as s-(+ -se of s-r1i(al s(al2el in (a-sin1 t+e ne(7 in.-ries of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ is not 2ro3e/. In s-22ort of +is ar1-0ents t+e learne/ (o-nsel +as 2la(e/ relian(e on State of '.). *s. Jai &al and others 518886 7 SCC 2>0 +a3esh Chandra Aggar-al *s. +egenc7 'ospital &i3ited and others 2010 516 A&J 740 5SC6 0adan #opal 2a44ad *s. Na=al /u%e7 and another 518826 9 SCC 204 0ohd. Mahid *s. State of T.N. 518886 ; SCC 120 0ani4 #a-ali *s. State of 0aharashtra Crl. Appeal No. 282 of 200; decided %7 'onL%le 'igh Court of "o3%a7 on 21.12.2012 +a34ishan 0ithan &al Shar3a *s. State of "o3%a7 AI+ 18<< SC 104 "udhsen *s. State of (.). 1870 526 SCC 12> 2anan *s. State of 2erala 518786 9 SCC 918 )anna ?ar *s. State of T.N. 520086 8 SCC 1<2 )ra%ir 0ondal *s. State of :est "engal 520106 1 SCC 9>;. T+ese
Pa1e 117
ar1-0ents are 0ore (a2tio-s t+an s-4stantial an/ t+erefore) +a3e to 4e a((e2te/ to 4e re.e(te/ onl,. In t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of 5s. 6ar-s+i >+i4it-7a-& it +as 4een (learl, 0entione/ t+at in.-r, nos. 1 an/ & are la(erate/ 'o-n/s '+ile in.-r, nos. 2 an/ 4 are in(ise/ 'o-n/s. #i7e'ise) in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of $e0ra. >+i4it-7a-88 in.-r, no. 1 +as 4een s+o'n as a4rasion) in.-r, nos. 2) 4) ; as a4ra/e/ (ont-sions) in.-r, no. & +as 4een s+o'n as in(ise/ 'o-n/ an/ in.-r, nos. = an/ 7 +a3e 4een s+o'n as la(erate/ 'o-n/s. T+-s) in.-r, nos. 1 an/ & of 5s. 6ar-s+i are 2ossi4le to +a3e 4een (a-se/ 4, so0e 4l-nt o4.e(t an/ in.-r, nos. 2 an/ 4 are 2ossi4le to 4e (a-se/ 4, an, s+ar2-e/1e/ 'ea2on. #i7e'ise) in.-r, nos. 1) 2) 4 an/ ; of $e0ra. are 2ossi4le to 4e (a-se/ 4, /ra11in1) in.-r, nos. = an/ 7 are 2ossi4le to 4e (a-se/ 4, a 4l-nt o4.e(t li7e 1olf sti(7 an/ in.-r, no. & is 2ossi4le to +a3e 4een infli(te/ 4, a s+ar2-e/1e/ 'ea2on. It is re1rette/ t+at 4ot+ "r. "o+re an/ "r. Ra. 4, +a3e '+i(+ not 0entione/ T+is in 'as in t+e 2ost0orte0 to 4e e>a0ination re2orts as to '+i(+ in.-r, 'as (a-se/ 'ea2on. re@-ire/ t+e s2e(ifi(all, 0entione/ 2ost0orte0
e>a0ination re2orts 4-t alas t+e, +a3e not /one so for t+e reasons 4est 7no'n to t+e0. "r. "o+re +as state/ at 2a1e no. & of +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at sin(e on 18.07.2008 t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er +a/ not as7e/ a4o-t t+e 'ea2ons for (a-sin1 in.-ries of 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ t+erefore) +e +a/ not tol/ +i0. $e +as f-rt+er /e2ose/ t+at in.-r, no. 1 an/ & 0a, 4e (a-se/ 4, 4l-nt o4.e(t an/ in.-ries no. 2 an/ 4 0a, 4e (a-se/ 4, s+ar2-e/1e/ 'ea2on an/ on
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28.0;.2010 +e +a/ 1i3en state0ent to I.<. t+at in.-r, no. 1 an/ & 0a, 4e (a-se/ 4, 1olf sti(7 an/ in.-r, no. 2 an/ 4 0a, 4e (a-se/ 4, s0all s-r1i(all, s+ar2 'ea2on. Sin(e t+e earlier in3esti1atin1 offi(ers +a/ not es2e(iall, as7e/ +i0 a4o-t t+e 'ea2ons '+i(+ 'ere 2ossi4l, -se/ an/ t+erefore) +e (o-l/ not tell a4o-t t+e0 to 2re3io-s in3esti1atin1 offi(ers. P.!.-&= "r. Nares+ Ra. +as also /e2ose/ t+at in.-r, nos. 1) 2) 4 an/ ; are 2ossi4le to +a3e 4een (a-se/ 4, /ra11in1 on +ar/ s-rfa(e) in.-r, no. & 0a, 4e (a-se/ 4, s+ar2-e/1e/ 'ea2on li7e s(al2el an/ in.-r, nos. = an/ 7 0a, 4e (a-se/ 4, 4l-nt o4.e(t li7e 1olf sti(7. If "r. Ra. +as not state/ on 2;.07.2008 to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er 5r. Sa(+an t+at in.-r, nos. &) = an/ 7 +a3e 4een (a-se/ 4, s-r1i(al s(al2el an/ 1olf sti(7 res2e(ti3el, t+en on t+at 1ro-n/ +is testi0on, (annot 4e /is4elie3e/. In State of '.). *s. 0anohar Tha4ur 188> 5976 ACC 428 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at e3en if so0e /etails are 0issin1 in state0ent to I.<. t+en it (annot 4e 1ro-n/ to re.e(t t+e testi0on, of t+e 'itness. If 1olf sti(7 an/ s-r1i(al s(al2el 'ere not sent to "r. "o+re an/ "r. Ra. t+en on a((o-nt of t+is fail-re or o0ission it (annot 4e sai/ t+at a4o3e in.-ries of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 'ere not (a-se/ 4, 1olf sti(7 an/ s(al2el. In State of (.). *s. Asho4 2u3ar Sri=asta=a AI+ 1882 SC >40 it 'as +el/ t+at 2rose(-tion is not re@-ire/ to 0eet an, an/ e3er, +,2ot+esis 2-t for'ar/ 4, t+e a((-se/. It is i02ortant to 0ention t+at 0-r/ers of 4ot+ t+e /e(eases 'ere (o00itte/ 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/ at t+at ti0e no t+ir/ 2erson 'as 2resent t+ere an/ t+erefore) it is 'it+in t+eir es2e(ial 7no'le/1e
Pa1e 11?
as to 'it+ '+i(+ 'ea2ons t+e in.-ries 'ere infli(te/ -2on t+e /e(ease/ 2ersons. T+e (o-rt is not 4o-n/ 4, t+e o2inions of t+e /o(tors) 4e(a-se after all 0e/i(al e3i/en(e is 4asi(all, o2inionati3e an/ is of a/3isor, (+ara(ter. T+e o2inion of a /o(tor (annot 4e treate/ as 1os2el tr-t+ an/ last 'or/. ".!.-4 "r. R.D. S+ar0a +as a/0itte/ in +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at if t+e ne(7 of an, 2erson is slit 'it+ intent to 7ill +i0 it 'ill not 4e ne(essar, to (-t t+e ne(7 la,er 4, la,er. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at if t+e siFe of in.-r, on t+e +ea/ is si0ilar to t+e /i0ensions of t+e 1olf sti(7 t+en t+is in.-r, +as 4een (a-se/ 4, 1olf sti(7 or not /e2en/s on /e2resse/ fra(t-res 4-t +e +a/ not seen t+e in.-ries of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/. $e +as f-rt+er state/ t+at t+e in.-r, as s+o'n in 2+oto 0aterial >+i4it-& a4o3e t+e e,e-4ro' is in <:<I" for0 an/ t+e ot+er in.-r, 4elo' e,e-4ro' is trian1-lar an/ ooFin1 of 4loo/ is not seen. 6 s2e(ifi( s-11estion +as 4een 1i3en 4efore t+is 'itness t+at s0all (-t is not 2ossi4le 4, 7-7ri an/ onl, (+o22e/ 'o-n/ 'ill 4e infli(te/ 4, 7-7ri. T+e e3i/en(e of "r. S+ar0a is not relia4le 4e(a-se +e +as /is2la,e/ in +is 'e4site t+at Ala',ers (an +a3e o-r ser3i(es for t+eir (lients for 4etter inter2retation of s(ientifi( e3i/en(e a1ainst or for t+eir (lients........K T+-s it 4e(o0es (lear t+at +e 1i3es re2ort in fa3o-r of t+e 2erson fro0 '+o0 +e (+ar1es fees irres2e(ti3e of t+e 0erit of t+e (ase. $o'e3er) loo7in1 to t+e nat-re an/ /i0ension of in.-r, nos. 1 an/ & of 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ in.-r, nos. = an/ 7 of $e0ra. it is 2ossi4le t+at t+ese in.-ries 0a, +a3e 4een (a-se/ 4, so0e 4l-nt o4.e(t li7e 1olf sti(7 an/ in.-r, nos. 2 * 4 of 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ in.-r, no. & of $e0ra. are
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2ossi4le to 4e (a-se/ 4, an, s+ar2-e/1e/ 'ea2on li7e s(al2el an/ in.-r, nos. 1) 2) 4 an/ ; of $e0ra. are 2ossi4le to 4e (a-se/ 4, /ra11in1. "ra11in1 0ar7s /e2en/ on t+e 0anner in '+i(+ t+e /e(ease/ 'as (arrie/. T+ere (an 4e no (-t an/ /rie/ for0-la t+at /ra11in1 0ar7s 'ill (o0e on a 2arti(-lar 2art of t+e 4o/,. P.!.-2= "ee2a7 D-0ar Tan'ar) Senior
S(ientifi( <ffi(er) Cra/e-1) C.8.S.#.) Ne' "el+i +as /e2ose/ t+at on 10.11.200? one 2ar(el 'as sent 4, 4iolo1, /i3ision to +is /i3ision an/ its seal 'as inta(t. T+is 2ar(el 'as o2ene/ on 1;.04.2010 an/ 12 1olf sti(7s 'ere fo-n/ '+i(+ 'ere 0ar7e/ as >+i4it-1 to 12. $e +as f-rt+er state/ t+at +e +as e>a0ine/ t+e 1olf sti(7s in ter0s of letter /ate/ &0.10.200? an/ 22.0=.2010 of S.P.) C.B.I.) "e+ra/-n) Ca02 <ffi(e) Ne' "el+i an/ 2re2are/ re2ort /ate/ 1&.07.2010 0ar7e/ as >+i4it-7a-;& an/ /ia1ra0s (olle(ti3el, >+i4it-7a-;4. $e +as f-rt+er /e2ose/ >+i4it- ; is ?= (0.) len1t+ of
t+at len1t+ of sti(7
+ea/ on frontal si/e is 8 (0.) ;.2 (0.) 7.; (0. an/ 2.; (0. an/ on 4a(7 si/e it is 7.; (0. an/ &.00 (0. T+ere is a 0ar1in on 4a(7 si/e '+ose 4rea/t+ is 0.;0 (0. Tra(in1 0eas-re0ent of +ea/ of >+i4it-; on frontal si/e is ;.2 (0. an/ 8.00 (0. an/ on 4a(7 si/e 7.; (0. an/ &.4 (0. $e +as also state/ t+at t+ere is a 0ar1in on 4a(7 si/e '+ose 4rea/t+ is 0.;0 (0. #i7e'ise) len1t+ of sti(7 >+i4it-& is 104 (0. len1t+ of +ea/ on frontal si/e is 8 (0.) 2.; (0.) ;.; (0. an/ 2.; (0. Tra(in1 0eas-re0ent of +ea/ of a >+i4it-& 'as 8 (0. an/ &.4 (0. In t+e re2ort 1olf sti(7 '+i(+ 4ears t+e en1ra3e/
Pa1e 121
>+i4it-7a-;& it +as 4een 0entione/ t+at >+i4it-; is
'ritin1s/0ar7in1s A4CP <: RSIL C<#8 P6D P# 02K an/ t+e sti(7 4ears t+e 2rinte/ 'ritin1s ACP 6CTI<N P#%S PR CISI<N CR6P$IT BG C<#8 P6D 5I" 8# PK. It +as also 4een 'ritten in t+e sai/ re2ort t+at 1olf sti(7s (1olf (l-4 an/ iron 2-tter) 0ar7e/ >+i4its- 1 to 12 re3eal t+at ne1li1i4le a0o-nt of soil 'as fo-n/ sti(7in1 in t+e (a3it, of t+e n-04ers en1ra3e/ on 4otto0 2ortion of t+e +ea/ of t+e 1olf sti(7s (1olf (l-4s) 0ar7e/ >+i4it & * ; in (o02arison to t+e soil sti(7in1 in t+e (a3it, of t+e nos. en1ra3e/ on 4otto0 2ortion of t+e +ea/s of 1olf sti(7s (1olf (l-4s an/ iron 2-tter) 0ar7e/ 5s. 6ar-s+i re1ion 8 >+i4its- 1) 2) 4) =) 7) 8) ?) 10) 11 an/ 12. In t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort of >+i4it-7a-& ante-0orte0 in.-r, no. & (0. P 2 (0. In t+e 2ost0orte0 +as 4een s+o'n as la(erate/ 'o-n/ on left 2arietal e>a0ination re2ort of $e0ra. >+i4it-7a-88 ante-
0orte0 in.-r, no. 7 +as 4een s+o'n as la(erate/ 'o-n/ 8 (0. P 2 (0. into 4one /ee2 on t+e o((i2ital re1ion 1 (0. 4elo' in.-r, no. =. 0eas-re0ent of frontal +ea/ of sti(7 T+-s t+e >+i4it-;
tallies 'it+ t+e 0eas-re0ents of ante-0orte0 in.-r, no. & of 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ in.-r, no. 7 of $e0ra.. In 3ie' of t+is (lin(+in1 s(ientifi( e3i/en(e) it is (on(l-si3el, 2ro3e/ t+at la(erate/ 'o-n/s of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 'ere (a-se/ 4, 1olf sti(7. T+e in(ise/ 'o-n/s of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ are of sa0e 2attern an/ (annot 4e (a-se/ 4, 7-7ri an/ rat+er 2ossi4le to +a3e 4een (a-se/ 4, a s0all s+ar2-e/1e/ instr-0ent li7e s(al2el. In 3ie' of a4o3e fin/in1s it (an safel, 4e (on(l-/e/ t+at in.-ries as 0entione/ a4o3e 'ere (a-se/ 4, 1olf (l-4 an/ s(al2el. ".!.-2 "r. 60-l,a C+a//+a +as also a/0itte/ t+at for oral
Pa1e 122
s-r1er, 1; no. 4la/e is re@-ire/ 4, /entist an/ /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of st-/, -se of t+is 4la/e is ta-1+t. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at if a2art fro0 1-0 t+is 4la/e is -se/ on ot+er 2art of t+e 4o/, t+en t+at 2art 'ill 4e (-t. P.!.-&0 "r. "ines+ D-0ar +as state/ in +is e3i/en(e t+at for /isse(tion s(issors) for(e2s) nee/les an/ s(al2el are -se/ 4, B.".S. st-/ents. It is to 4e note/ t+at 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ are /entists 4, 2rofession an/ t+erefore) 7ee2in1 s(al2el at +o0e an/ -se t+ereof (annot 4e r-le/ o-t. It is also si1nifi(ant to note t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +as a/0itte/ in +is 'ritten state0ent -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at +e 'as t+e 0e04er of Colf Cl-4) N.<.I.".6. 5oreo3er) t+e 1olf sti(7s 'ere 2ro/-(e/ 4, +i0) '+i(+ 'ere in +is 2ossession. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at 4efore +is (ar 'as sent for ser3i(in1 t'o 1olf sti(7s 'ere ta7en o-t fro0 t+e (ar 4, +is /ri3er 5r. %0es+ S+ar0a an/ 'ere 7e2t in t+e roo0 of $e0ra.. <ne s-(+ sti(7 (o-l/ 4e seen in t+e 2+oto1ra2+ no.-21 of "-?8. T+e ot+er sti(7 'as fo-n/ fro0 loft '+ile (leanin1 t+e flat. P.!.-&? 5r. 6.C.#. Da-l +as /e2ose/ t+at 5r. 6.a, C+a//+a +as sent an e-0ail to +i0 inti0atin1 t+erein t+at one 1olf sti(7 'as re(o3ere/ 4, +i0 an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar fro0 t+e atti( o22osite to t+e roo0 of 5s. 6ar-s+i /-rin1 (leanin1 of t+e flat. P.!.-&1 5r. $ari Sin1+ +as state/ t+at on 18.0=.2008 +e +as seiFe/ fi3e arti(les t+ro-1+ seiF-re 0e0o >+i4it-7a-=0 in '+i(+ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar an/ +er relati3e 5r. 6.a, C+a//+a +a/ a22en/e/ t+eir si1nat-res. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e state/ in t+eir e>a0ination -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at 5r. 6.a, C+a//+a +as not sent an, e-0ail on t+eir 4e+alf '+i(+ (annot 4e
Pa1e 12&
4elie3e/ in t+e fa(e of t+e state0ent 1i3en 4, P.!.-&?. P.!.-&1 5r. $ari Sin1+ +as state/ t+at 5r. 6.a, C+a//+a is a relati3e of Tal'ars. 5r. 6.a, C+a//+a +as not 4een 2ro/-(e/ to re4-t t+e e3i/en(e of P.!.-&1 an/ P.!.-&?. 5r. 5ir 'it+ +is s-asi3e reasonin1 +as lai/ (riti(is0 t+at test i/entifi(ation of 1olf (l-4 +as not 4een 0a/e in t+e 2resen(e of a 5a1istrate an/ t+erefore) test i/entifi(ation 2ro(ee/in1s (on/-(te/ 4, 5r. 6.C.#. Da-l (arr, no si1nifi(an(e in t+e e,e of la'. It 'as also s-40itte/ t+at 1olf (l-4s 'ere 'ra22e/ 'it+ a (lot+ on t+e 0i//le 2ortion an/ +ea/s an/ +an/les of (l-4s 'ere e>2ose/ an/ not seale/ at all an/ t+erefore) 2ossi4ilit, of te02erin1 or (leanin1 at t+e en/ of C.B.I. (annot 4e r-le/ o-t. T+ese ar1-0ents are 0ore fa(titio-s t+an 1en-ine an/ +ar/l, (arr, an, (on3i(tion an/ t+erefore) (annot 4e a((e2te/ 7ee2in1 in 3ie' t+e fa(ts an/ (ir(-0stan(es of t+e (ase. P.!.-&2 Ri(++2al Sin1+ +as state/ t+at on t+e /ire(tion of 5r. Da-l +e +a/ ta7en 12 1olf (l-4s an/ t+eir (ase on &0.10.200? fro0 "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ seiF-re 0e0o 6r3in/ 9aitel,. In >+i4it7a-=1 'as 2re2are/ 4, +is (o02anion ins2e(tor >+i4it-7a-=1 it +as s2e(ifi(all, 4een 0entione/ t+at all t+e 1olf (l-4s an/ (ase +a3e 4een seale/ se2aratel, 'it+ a (lot+ an/ sealin1 'a>. P.!.-&2 +as state/ at 2a1e no. & of +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at all t+e 1olf sti(7s 'ere 'ra22e/ 'it+ a (lot+ in t+e 0i//le 2ortion an/ it 'as seale/ an/ t+erefore) t+is ar1-0ent is fo-n/ to 4e (o02letel, falla(io-s t+at 1olf (l-4s 'ere not seale/. If t+e test i/entifi(ation 'as not (on/-(te/ in t+e 2resen(e of a 5a1istrate t+en it 'ill not affe(t
Pa1e 124
t+e 2rose(-tion (ase. In 0aha%ir *s. State of /elhi AI+ 200> SC 2949 after follo'in1 t+e la' as lai/ /o'n in 0atru *s. State of (.). 518716 2 SCC 7< an/ Santo4h Singh *s. I$har 'ussain 518796 2 SCC 40; it 'as +el/ t+at test i/entifi(ation 2ara/e /oes not (onstit-te
s-4stanti3e e3i/en(e. Test i/entifi(ation (an onl, 4e -se/ as (orro4orati3e of state0ent in (o-rt. It 'as f-rt+er +el/ t+at t+e test i/entifi(ation 2ara/e 4elon1s to sta1e of in3esti1ation. T.I. Para/es are essentiall, 1o3erne/ 4, se(tion 1=2 Cr.P.C. 8ail-re to +ol/ sa0e 'o-l/ not 0a7e ina/0issi4le e3i/en(e of i/entifi(ation in (o-rt. In a22ro2riate (ases it 0a, a((e2t t+e e3i/en(e of i/entifi(ation e3en 'it+o-t insistin1 on (orro4oration. T+e sa0e 3ie' 'as earlier ta7en in 2anta )rasad *s. /elhi Ad3inistration AI+ 18<> SC 9<0 *ai4untana Chandrappa and others *s. State of A.). AI+ 18;0 SC 1940 "udh Sen *s. State of (.). AI+ 1870 SC 1921 and +a3esh-ar Singh *s. State of J . 2 AI+ 1872 SC 102. In 188> SCJ 9<4 it 'as +el/ t+at T.I. 2ara/e is onl, (orro4orati3e e3i/en(e an/ s-4stanti3e e3i/en(e is state0ent of 'itness 0a/e in t+e (o-rt. T+e 2-r2ose of T.I. 2ara/e is to test t+e o4ser3ation) 1ras2) 0e0or,) (a2a(it, to re(a2it-late '+at +e +as seen earlier. In Jadunath Singh *s. State of (.). AI+ 1871 SC 9;9 it 'as +el/ t+at a4sen(e of test i/entifi(ation is not al'a,s fatal. It a22ears 2ro2er to 0ention +ere t+at 1olf (l-4s 'ere not t+e stolen 2ro2ert, for '+i(+ test i/entifi(ation 0-st +a3e 4een essential. T+e, 'ere also not re(o3ere/ 4, t+e 2oli(e an/ e3en no 8.I.R. re1ar/in1 t+eir t+eft) +eist an/ /a(oit, 'as lo/1e/.
Pa1e 12;
In State of Assa3 *s. (pendra Nath +a,4hona 187< Cr.&.J. 9<4 it 'as +el/ t+at i/entifi(ation of 'as+er-0anEs 0ar7 on t+e (lot+es fo-n/ on t+e /ea/ 4o/, 4, t+e 'as+er-0an 'as not ne(essar,. In 0ulla and others *s. State of (.). AI+ 2010 SC 842 it +as 4een +el/ t+at fail-re to +ol/ 2ara/e /oes not ren/er e3i/en(e of i/entifi(ation in (o-rt ina/0issi4le. $o'e3er) e3i/en(e relatin1 to i/entifi(ation 0a/e for first ti0e in (o-rt s+o-l/ not for0 4asis of (on3i(tion an/ (an onl, 4e -se/ as (orro4orati3e e3i/en(e. In Sheo Shan4ar Singh *s. State of Jhar4hand 2011 Cr.&.J. 2198 it +as 4een +el/ t+at fail-re to +ol/ test i/entifi(ation 2ara/e /oes not 'ea7en i/entifi(ation in t+e (o-rt. In Sh7a3 #hosh *s. State of :est "engal 2012 AI+ SC: 41;2 it 'as +el/ t+at Cr.P.C. /oes not o4li1e t+e in3esti1atin1 a1en(, to ne(essaril, +ol/ t+e test i/entifi(ation 2ara/e '+i(+ +as 4een follo'e/ in +a=i 2apur *s. State of +a,asthan AI+ 2012 SC 28>;. In 2un,u3an A (nni *s. State of 2erala 2019 526 Allaha%ad Cri3inal +ulings 1924 5SC6 to +ol/ T.I.P. is not it +as 4een +el/ t+at fail-re fatal to t+e 2rose(-tion.
64sen(e of T.I.P. 0a7es no /ifferen(e to t+e 2rose(-tion (ase. T+e sa0e 3ie' 'as iterate/ earlier in *i,a7 A Chinee *s. State of 0.). 520106 > SCC 181. P.!.-1; %0es+ S+ar0a 'as t+e /ri3er of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ still +e is t+e satellite of Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ 4e(a-se of alle1ian(e +e t-rne/ +ostile an/ to resile/ t+e fro0 +is state0ent 1i3en in3esti1atin1 "r. +as offi(er.
Pa1e 12=
2re3io-s
Ne3ert+eless) +e +as a/0itte/ t+at & to 4 0ont+s
2rior to t+is o((-rren(e +e +a/ 7e2t t'o 1olf sti(7s) 0o22in1 (lot+ an/ 4-(7et in t+e ser3ant @-arter of flat no. #-&2 after ta7in1 t+e0 o-t fro0 Santro (ar '+i(+ 'as sent for ser3i(in1. !+en t+is 'itness 'as /e(lare/ +ostile an/ t+e learne/ 2rose(-tor 'as 2er0itte/ to (ross-e>a0ine +i0 an/ /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of (ross-e>a0ination +e 'as s+o'n 1olf (l-4 nos. 4 an/ ; t+en +e a/0itte/ t+at t+ese sti(7s 'ere 7e2t 4, +i0 in t+e roo0 of $e0ra.. In i/entifi(ation 0e0o >+i4it-7a-18 it +as 4een 'ritten t+at t+e (ontents of t+e 0e0o +a3e 4een e>2laine/ in $in/i to 5r. %0es+ S+ar0a in 2resen(e of t+e in/e2en/ent 'itness 4-t +e +as falsel, /e2ose/ t+at it 'as not e>2laine/ to +i0 in $in/i. $e +as 1i3en false state0ent t+at on t+at /a, +e 'as +a3in1 2ains in ear an/ t+erefore) (o-l/ not 2ro2erl, listen. $is state0ent t+at on t+at /a, +e +a/ 3isite/ a /o(tor of .N.T. for treat0ent of +is ear is also fo-n/ to 4e false 4e(a-se t+e 2res(ri2tion of t+e /o(tor '+i(+ +e +a/ s+o'n in t+e (o-rt 'as of 20.10.200? '+ile t+e i/entifi(ation 2ro(ee/in1s 'ere (on/-(te/ on 02.08.2010. $e +as f-rt+er state/ t+at +e /oes not re0e04er as to '+et+er +e +a/ 3isite/ .N.T. S2e(ialist on 02.08.2010. $e +as a/0itte/ t+at at t+e ti0e of 2re2aration of i/entifi(ation 0e0o +e +a/ not tol/ 5r. Da-l t+at +e is s-fferin1 fro0 ear 2ain an/ is +ar/ of +earin1. $e +as fei1ne/ i1noran(e t+at t+e i/entifi(ation 2ro(ee/in1s 'ere (on/-(te/ in t+e 2resen(e of 'itness #a>0an Sin1+. It is 'ell-settle/ la' t+at t+e e3i/en(e of a +ostile 'itness /oes not 1et effa(e/ an/ +is state0ent to t+e e>tent of s-22ortin1 t+e 2rose(-tion (ase (an 4e relie/ -2on. In So3a "hai *s. State of #u,arat
Pa1e 127
AI+ 187< SC 14<9 State of (.). *s. +a3esh )rasad 0isra 5188;6 10 SCC 9;0 Sath7a Nara7an *s. State 2019 5>06 ACC 19> 5SC6 +a3esh 'ari,an *s. State of (.). 520126 < SCC 777 2001 #ura Singh *s. State of +a,asthan AI+ SC 990 ".S. Shinde *s. State of
0aharashtra 520026 7 SCC <49 #agan 2ano,ia *s. State of )un,a% 5200;6 19 SCC <1; Sar=esh Narain Shu4la *s. /aroga Singh 520076 19 SCC 9;0 "hag-an Singh *s. State of 'ar7ana 5187;6 1 SCC 9>8 +a%indra 2u3ar /e7 *s. State of @rissa 5187;6 4 SCC 299 S7ad A4%ar *s. State of 2arnata4a 518>06 1 SCC 90 2hu,,i A Surendra Ti-ari *s. State of 0.). 518816 9 SCC ;27 59JJ6 T. Shan4ar )rasad *s. State of A.). 2004 Crl. J. >>4D 520046 9 SCC 7<9 0uniappan *s. State of T.N. 520106 8 SCC <;7 +a,endra . others *s. State of (.). 2008 526 JIC 9<; 5SC!9JJ6 )ara3 Jeet Singh A )a33a *s. State of (ttra4hand 52010610 SCC 498 'i3anshu A Chintu *s. State 5N.C.T. of /elhi6 520116 2 SCC 9; +a3 2rushna *s. State of 0aharashtra 2007 5<>6 ACC ;04 5SC6 "ha,,u A 2aran Singh *s. State of 0.). 520126 4 SCC 927 #udu +a3 *s. State of '.). 2019 516 SCC+ 4; 0. Sar=ana A 2./. Sar=ana *s. State of 2arnata4a 2012 Cr.&.J. 9>77 #o=ind +a,u A #o=ind *s. State 520126 4 SCC 722 ?o3esh "hai )ran Shan4er "hatt *s. State of #u,arat 520116 ; SCC 919 2oli &a4h3a%hai Chana%hai *s. State of #u,arat Judg3ent Toda7 1888 586 SC 199 )rithi *s. State of 'ar7ana 2011 5726 ACC 99> Sidharth *ashistha A 0anu Shar3a
Pa1e 128
*s. State 5N.C.T. of /elhi6 2010 5;86 ACC >99 5SC6 +adha 0ohan Singh A &al Sahe% . others *s. State of (.). 5200;6 2 SCC 4<0 59JJ6 State of +a,asthan *s. "ha-ani . others AI+ 2009 SC 4290 59JJ6 Su%%a Singh *s. State 520086 ; SCC 4;2 +a3appa 'alappa )u,ar . others *s. State of 2arnata4a 520086 1 SCC 5Crl.6 2<0 State ACC of 894 S-a3i )rasad *s. State of 0.). Jodh +a, Singh *s. 5<>6 ACC *s. ;14 /elhi +a,asthan 5SC6 2007 Sat 520086 2 SCC 5Crl.6 9<4
#urpreet Singh *s. State of 'ar7ana 2002 54<6 )aul Ad3inistration AI+ 187; SC 284 "hag-an
/ass *s. State 5N.C.T.6 of /elhi AI+ 2011 SC 1>;9 'aradhan /as *s. State of :est "engal 2019 516 AC+ 11;2 5SC6 an/ &ahu 2a3la4ar )atil . others *s. State of 0aharashtra 520196 ; SCC 417 it +as 4een +el/ t+at (o-rts are entitle/ to rel, -2on s-(+ 2ortion of e3i/en(e of 2rose(-tion 'itness '+o +as 4een 2er0itte/ to 4e (rosse>a0ine/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion) as s-22orts t+e 2rose(-tion (ase. P.!.-1= #a>0an Sin1+ '+o is @-ite /isintereste/ 'itness +as also state/ t+at %0es+ S+ar0a +a/ ta7en o-t 1olf sti(7s no. 4 an/ ; alt+o-1+ +e +as state/ t+at t+ese sti(7s 'ere ta7en o-t fro0 4a1. T+e fa(t re0ains t+at 1olf sti(7s no. 4 an/ ; 'ere ta7en o-t 4, %0es+ S+ar0a. It is also i02ortant to 0ention +ere t+at t+e a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +as not ta7en 2lea t+at 1olf sti(7s /o not 4elon1 to +i0. It is t+e (ontention of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ t+at 5al7+ana (1o/o'n) Re1ister +as not 4een 2ro/-(e/ nor in(+ar1e 5al7+ana 'as
Pa1e 12?
2ro/-(e/ to s+o' t+e 2ro2er (-sto/, of 1olf (l-4s an/ t+e entire (+ain of (-sto/, is fra-1+t 'it+ s-s2i(ion as it +as not 4een 2ro3e/ as to '+en 1olf (l-4s 'ere sent 4a(7 to C.8.S.#. or to 5r. ".D. Tan'ar. "ilatin1 +is ar1-0ent it 'as s-40itte/ t+at re2ort /ate/ 07.01.2010 >+i4it-7+a-&7 re3eals t+at 1olf (l-4s 'ere re(ei3e/ in t+e 4iolo1, /i3ision of C.8.S.#. #a4 on &0.10.200? an/ t+e, 'ere e>a0ine/ 4, "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra an/ ret-rne/ to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er on 07.01.2010 4-t >+i4it-7a-;& /ate/ 1&.07.2010 of ".D. Tan'ar (2+,si(s /i3ision) it +as 4een s+o'n t+at t+e 1olf-(l-4s 'ere re(ei3e/ fro0 4iolo1, /i3ision on 10.11.200? 4-t t+e, 'ere o2ene/ on 1;.04.2010 an/ ret-rne/ to for'ar/in1 a-t+orit, on 1&.07.2010 an/ t+erefore) if t+e 4iolo1, /i3ision ret-rne/ t+e >+i4its on 07.01.2010 to t+e >+i4its for'ar/in1 a-t+orit, t+en +o' t+e sa0e
'it+o-t an, for'ar/in1 letter 2ro3in1 (+ain of (-sto/, 'ere sent a1ain to t+e 2+,si(s /i3ision an/ no e3i/en(e +as 4een a//-(e/ to s+o' as to '+en t+e for'ar/in1 a-t+orit, after 07.01.2010 re-sent t+e arti(les to t+e 2+,si(s /i3ision of C.8.S.#. an/ in t+e (ir(-0stan(es it 'as i02erati3e to 2ro/-(e 5al7+ana Re1ister an/ also to e>a0ine offi(er-in(+ar1e) 5al7+ana) C.B.I. '+i(+ +as not 4een /one an/ t+erefore (+ain of (-sto/, of 1olf-(l-4s is not 2ro3e/. I a0 -na4le to s-4s(ri4e to t+e (ontention of t+e learne/ (o-nsel. T+e 1olf-(l-4s 'ere seiFe/ t+ro-1+ 2ro/-(tion-(-0-seiF-re 0e0o >+i4it-7a-=1 on &0.10.200? an/ on t+e sa0e /ate t+ese 1olf(l-4s 'ere sent to C.8.S.#. 4, t+e for'ar/in1 a-t+orit, as is e3i/ent fro0 2er-sal of >+i4it7+a-&7. In t+is re2ort it +as also 4een 0entione/ at
Pa1e 1&0
2ara 8.& t+at re1ar/in1 @-er, no. 2 t+e re2ort in ori1inal fro0 2+,si(s /i3ision of t+is la4orator, s+all 4e s-40itte/ after (o02letion of t+e e>a0inations in t+e 2+,si(s /i3ision of t+is la4orator,. T+is s+o's t+at in t+e 0eanti0e "r. 5o+a2arta for'ar/e/ t+e >+i4its to t+e 2+,si(s /i3ision an/ t+at is t+e reason t+at P.!.-2= ".D. Tan'ar +as 0entione/ at 2a1e no. 2 of +is re2ort >+i4it-7a-;& t+at one seale/ 2ar(el 'as re(ei3e/ fro0 4iolo1, /i3ision on 10.11.200? an/ it 'as seale/ 4, t+e seals of 4iolo1, /i3ision an/ t+e seals on 2ar(el 'ere fo-n/ inta(t. P.!.-2= +as also testifie/ t+is fa(t 4, statin1 on oat+ a4o-t t+is fa(t. $e +as also state/ t+at t+is 2ar(el 'as o2ene/ on 1;.04.2010 an/ re2ort of e>a0ination 'as 1i3en on 1&.07.2010. In t+e re2ort /ate/ 07.01.2010 >+i4it-7+a-&7 it +as 4een 0entione/ at t+e 4otto0 t+at t+e re0nants of t+e >+i4its 'it+ ori1inal 2a(7in1 +a3e 4een seale/ in t'o 2ar(els an/ +an/e/ o3er to t+e for'ar/in1 a-t+orit,. P.!.-= "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra +as not 4een (ross-e>a0ine/ as to '+et+er onl, +is re2ort 'as
for'ar/e/ 4, t+e /ire(tor or '+et+er alon1 'it+ t+is re2ort t+e >+i4its 'ere also sent. P.!.-2= ".D. Tan'ar +as state/ t+at one seale/ 2ar(el 'as re(ei3e/ fro0 4iolo1, /i3ision on 10.11.200? an/ it 'as seale/ 4, t+e seals of 4iolo1, /i3ision an/ t+e seals on 2ar(el 'ere fo-n/ inta(t an/ as s-(+ in t+e (ir(-0stan(es t+ere 'as no nee/ to 2ro/-(e t+e 5al7+ana Re1ister or to e>a0ine offi(er-in-(+ar1e 5al7+ana) C.B.I. an/ ta02erin1 of 1olf-(l-4s is not 2ro3e/. T+erefore) t+e
ar1-0ent
of
learne/
(o-nsel
is
fo-n/
i02-issant. T+e a((-se/ (annot ta7e an, 4enefit

Pa1e 1&1
fro0 t+e (ase la's (ite/ 4, t+eir learne/ (o-nsel '+i(+ are 4ase/ on /ifferent (onte>t-al fa(ts) settin1s an/ (ir(-0stan(es. T+e ne>t s-40ission of 5r. 5ir is t+at t+e 2rose(-tion +as 0a/e a f-tile atte02t to 4olster its (ase 4, alle1in1 t+at t+e internet ro-ter installe/ at t+e 2la(e of (ri0e s+o'e/ start an/ sto2 a(ti3it, t+ro-1+o-t t+e '+ole ni1+t s-11estin1 t+at t+e a((-se/ 2ersons 'ere a'a7e 4-t fro0 t+e e3i/en(e on re(or/ t+is fa(t is also not 2ro3e/ an/ e3i/en(e 1i3en in t+is res2e(t 4, P.!.-17 "ee2a7 Dan/a) P.!.-18 B+-2en/er Sin1+ 6'as,a an/ t+e /o(-0ents >+i4it-7a-1?) 7a-20) 7a-21 an/ 7a-22
relie/ -2on 4, t+e 2rose(-tion are not relia4le 4e(a-se P.!.-17 "ee2a7 Dan/a +as state/ in +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at +e /oes not 7no' '+et+er t+ere 'as a 0o/e0 or a 'i-fiM +e 'as ne3er ta7en to t+e 2la(e '+ere t+e 0o/e0 'as installe/M +e /oes not 7no' t+at +is (o02an, +a/ installe/ t+e 0o/e0 alon1 'it+ '+i(+ a 'ireless ro-ter 'as also installe/M +e /oes not 7no' t+at if t+e la2to2 or /es7to2 (o02-ter are s'it(+e/ off t+en also t+ere 'ill 4e /ata transfer 4et'een t+e ro-ter/0o/e0 an/ I.S.P. '+i(+ are s'it(+e/ onM +e (annot sa, '+et+er t+e lo1 2ro3i/e/ to +i0 'as a /etaile/ one or notM +e +as +i0self a/0itte/ t+at t+e 3ie' of te(+ni(al tea0 'as o4taine/ a((or/in1 to '+i(+ t+ere 'ere fo-r 0ain reasons for start an/ sto2 a(ti3it, of internet(i) 2+,si(al (losin1 of /ialer (ii) 2+,si(al (losin1 of 0o/e0/ro-ter (iii) 2o'er re(,(lin1 of 0o/e0 an/ (i3) net'or7 fail-res an/ no 0e04er of te(+ni(al tea0 'as e>a0ine/ an/ t+erefore +is e3i/en(e is not+in1 4-t on dit. 5oreo3er) t+is 'itness +as also
Pa1e 1&2
a/0itte/ t+at e3en fro0 02:04:&; +o-rs till 10:1=:1? +o-rs on 1=.0;.2008 t+e -sa1e 2attern 'as si0ilar an/ start/sto2 a(ti3it, 'as also seen fro0 02:04:&; +o-rs (in t+e ni1+t) to 1&:11:44 +o-rs on 1=.0;.2008 an/ t+-s) 2+,si(al o2eration 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons is not esta4lis+e/M +e +as f-rt+er ar1-e/ t+at P.!.-18 +as also state/ in +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at +e ne3er 'ent to #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar to 0a7e 2+,si(al ins2e(tionM t+e ro-ter) 0o/e0) ro-ter lo1 or 0o/e0 lo1) la2to2 lo1 or t+e /es7to2 lo1 'ere ne3er sent to +i0M +e (annot sa, '+et+er t+e lo1s s-22lie/ to +i0 'ere (o02lete or notM if t+e ro-ter or 0o/e0 is s'it(+e/ on t+en lo1 to t+at e>tent s+all also 4e a3aila4le an/ -2on e>a0ination of ro-ter lo1 it (an 4e sai/ '+en t+e ro-ter 'as s'it(+e/ on an/ s'it(+e/ off an/ +e +a/ 'ritten to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er t+at (o02-ter internet a(ti3it, lo1) 0o/e0 an/ ro-ter lo1 an/ /etaile/ lo1 of I.S.P. 4e 2ro3i/e/ to +i0 4-t not 0a/e a3aila4le '+i(+ 'ere essential for (o02lete anal,sis of t+ese lo1s an/ if t+e in3esti1ator +a/ sent t+e aforesai/ /etails t+en 4etter anal,sis (o-l/ +a3e 4een /one. T+ese ar1-0ents are s2e(io-s an/ +en(e (annot 4e a((e2te/. T+e state0ents of t+e a((-se/ -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at t+e, 'ent to slee2 at a4o-t 11.&0 P.5. on 1;.0;.2008 are fo-n/ to 4e false. P.!.-17 "ee2a7 Dan/a +as (learl, /e2ose/ t+at -ser I" "S#0120;&1=&88 is re1istere/ in t+e na0e of N-2-r Tal'ar R/o #-&2) Se(tor-2; N.<.I.".6. an/ its lan/-line tele2+one no. is 01204&1=&88 an/ +e +a/ s-22lie/ t+e lo1s of a4o3e 0entione/ 4roa/ 4an/ fro0 01.0;.2008 to 1=.0;.2008 t+ro-1+ e-0ail to 5r. Neela4+ Dis+ore S.P.) C.B.I.) "e+ra/-n. $e +as
Pa1e 1&&
f-rt+er state/ t+at as 2er ele(troni( re(or/ internet a(ti3it, starte/ on t+e sai/ "S# I" on 1;.0;.2008 at 2&:00:;0 +o-rs an/ it laste/ -2 to 02:04:&0 +o-rs on 1=.0;.2008 an/ t+ereafter a1ain it starte/ on 1=.0;.2008 at 02:04:&; +o-rs an/ it (ontin-e/ -2 to 0&:02:1= +o-rs an/ a1ain it starte/ at 0&:28:&= +o-rs an/ laste/ 0&:&4:07 +o-rs an/ t+en it a1ain starte/ at 0&:41:01 +o-rs an/ re0aine/ a(ti3e -2 to 0&:4&:&2 +o-rs an/ t+en starte/ at 0=:01:;1 +o-rs an/ sto22e/ at 0=:04:;; +o-rs. $e +as f-rt+er state/ t+at a((or/in1 to ite0iFe/ 4ill internet of 118&; 7ilo-4,tes 'as -se/ on 1;.0;.2008 at 2&:00:;0 +o-rs an/ t+en on 1=.0;.2008 internet 4= 7ilo-4,tes 'as -se/ at 02:04:&; +o-rs an/ t+en a1ain on 1=.0;.2008 at 0=:01:;1 +o-rs & 7ilo-4,tes internet 'as -se/. $e +as f-rt+er state/ t+at +e +as so-1+t o2inion fro0 te(+ni(al tea0 a4o-t t+e start an/ sto2 a(ti3it, of internet an/ t+e te(+ni(al tea0 +as o2ine/ t+at sto2 an/ start a(ti3it, 0a, 4e /-e to (i) 2+,si(al (losin1 of /ialer (ii) 2+,si(al (losin1 of 0o/e0/ro-ter (iii) 2o'er re(,(lin1 of 0o/e0 an/ (i3) net'or7 fail-res. Not+in1 +as 4een s-11este/ 4efore t+is 'itness t+at start an/ sto2 a(ti3it, 'as /-e to net'or7 fail-res in t+at ni1+t. T+is 'itness +as also state/ t+at t+e aforesai/ /ata 'as o4taine/ 4, IT an/ Te(+ni(al Tea0 fro0 ser3er '+i(+ is 4ein1 2reser3e/ for t+ree ,ears. If t+is 'itness +as state/ t+at +e /oes not 7no' '+et+er t+ere 'as a 0o/e0 or a 'i-fiM +e 'as ne3er ta7en to t+e 2la(e '+ere t+e 0o/e0 'as installe/M +e /oes not 7no' t+at +is (o02an, +a/ installe/ t+e 0o/e0 alon1 'it+ '+i(+ a 'ireless ro-ter 'as also installe/M +e /oes not 7no' t+at if t+e la2to2 or /es7to2 (o02-ter are
Pa1e 1&4
s'it(+e/ off t+en also t+ere 'ill 4e /ata transfer 4et'een t+e ro-ter/0o/e0 an/ I.S.P. '+i(+ are s'it(+e/ on an/ +e (annot sa, '+et+er t+e lo1 2ro3i/e/ to +i0 'as a /etaile/ one or not t+en on t+at 1ro-n/ it (annot 4e sai/ t+at in t+e ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 t+e internet 'as not -se/ at t+e ti0es as /is(lose/ 4, t+is 'itness in +is e>a0ination-in-(+ief 4e(a-se start an/ sto2 a(ti3it, is not 2ossi4le 'it+o-t t+e 2+,si(al inter3ention an/ t+e /ata -se/ is not 2ossi4le 'it+o-t s-rfin1 on internet an/ +en(e in t+e (ir(-0stan(es if an, 0e04er of te(+ni(al tea0 +as not 4een e>a0ine/) it 'ill +a3e no i02a(t. P.!.-18 B+-2en/er Sin1+ 6'as,a) S(ientist-C of C. .R.T.-In "e2art0ent of Infor0ation Te(+nolo1,) Co3t. of In/ia +as also /e2ose/ t+at lo1s of "S# 5o/e0 No. 0120;&1=&88 'ere sent for anal,sis 4, S.P.) C.B.I.) "e+ra/-n an/ t+en +e an/ 5r. 6nil Sa1ar) "ire(tor) C RT-In +a3e anal,Fe/ t+e lo1s an/ t+en re2ort/letter >+i4it-7a-2& 'as 2re2are/ an/ si1ne/ 4, 5r. 6nil Sa1ar. In >+i4it-
7a-2& it +as 4een 0entione/ t+at ti0e 1a2s 4et'een t'o sessions /e2i(ts ina(ti3it, or no internet (onne(tion esta4lis+0ent 4et'een t+e CP (C-sto0er Pre0ises (Internet Ser3i(e @-i20ent) /e3i(e an/ t+e ISP Pro3i/er)M #on1er ti0e 1a2s
in/i(ates t+at a) -ser +as (ons(io-sl, /is(onne(te/ t+e (onne(tion) 4) t+ere is net'or7 /isr-2tion s-(+ as -na3aila4ilit, of tele(o0 (arrier an/ -na3aila4ilit, of ser3i(es at ISP en/. T+is is t+e 2erio/ '+en no internet (onne(tion is esta4lis+e/ 4, t+e CP /e3i(eM retrie3al of na0es/i/entities of sites 3isite/ 4, t+e -ser an//or /o'nloa/e/ 2a(7et /etails /-rin1
Pa1e 1&;
a 2arti(-lar session (an 4e esta4lis+e/ 4, t+e res2e(ti3e lo1s an/ 2a(7et (a2t-re 0aintaine/ 4, t+e ISP. Bot+ t+e te(+nolo1ies (o0e -n/er real-ti0e 0onitorin1 (ate1or,. #o1s an//or 2a(7et /etails are onl, a3aila4le '+en it is 4ein1 (a2t-re/ /-rin1 t+e session in real-ti0e. It is neit+er a3aila4le nor (an 4e re1enerate/ as t+e session e>2ires or after t+e session is ter0inate/. If P.!.-18 +as state/ in +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at +e ne3er 'ent to #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar to 0a7e 2+,si(al ins2e(tionM t+e ro-ter) 0o/e0) ro-ter lo1 or 0o/e0 lo1) la2to2 lo1 or t+e /es7to2 lo1 'ere ne3er sent to +i0M +e (annot sa, '+et+er t+e lo1s s-22lie/ to +i0 'ere (o02lete or notM if t+e ro-ter or 0o/e0 is s'it(+e/ on t+en lo1 to t+at e>tent s+all also 4e a3aila4le an/ -2on e>a0ination of ro-ter lo1 it (an 4e sai/ '+en t+e ro-ter 'as s'it(+e/ on an/ s'it(+e/ off an/ +e +a/ 'ritten to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er t+at (o02-ter internet a(ti3it, lo1) 0o/e0 an/ ro-ter lo1 an/ /etaile/ lo1 of ISP 4e 2ro3i/e/ to +i0 4-t not 0a/e a3aila4le '+i(+ 'ere ne(essar, for (o02lete anal,sis/in3esti1ation of t+ese lo1s t+en on t+at 1ro-n/ it (annot 4e +el/ t+at t+e internet 'as not -se/ in t+e ni1+t of 1=.0;.2008 an/ no start an/ sto2 a(ti3it, of ro-ter is 2ossi4le 'it+o-t +-0an inter3ention. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e a/0itte/ in t+eir state0ents -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at at a4o-t 11.00 P.5. in t+e ni1+t "r. N-2-r Tal'ar 'ent in t+e 6ar-s+iEs roo0 to s'it(+ on t+e internet ro-ter an/ t+en "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar starte/ 'or7in1 on internet on +is la2to2 an/ t+e, 'ent to slee2 aro-n/ 11.&0 P.5. It is 3er, i02ortant to 0ention +ere t+at none of t+e a((-se/ +as state/ in t+eir
Pa1e 1&=
/etaile/ 'ritten state0ents -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. as to '+en t+e ro-ter 'ere s'it(+e/ off. 3en in oral e>a0ination -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+e, +a3e not state/ t+at '+en t+e ro-ter 'as s'it(+e/ off. In t+at 3er, ni1+t t+e ro-ter or la2to2 'ere in t+eir 2ossession an/ t+e, +a3e es2e(ial 7no'le/1e a4o-t t+e 0o/e) 0anner an/ f-n(tionin1 of t+e ro-ter an/ t+erefore) it 'as for t+e0 to e>2lain -n/er se(tion 10= of 3i/en(e 6(t to satisf, t+e (o-rt re1ar/in1 t+e start an/ sto2 a(ti3it, of internet ro-ter. In +attan Singh *s. State of '.). 518876 4 SCC 1;1 it 'as +el/ t+at t+e e>a0ination of a((-se/ -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. is not a 0ere for0alit,. 6ns'ers 1i3en 4, t+e a((-se/ to t+e @-estions 2-t to +i0 /-rin1 s-(+ e>a0ination +a3e a 2ra(ti(al -tilit, for (ri0inal (o-rts. 62art fro0 affor/in1 an o22ort-nit, to t+e /elin@-ent to e>2lain in(ri0inatin1 (ir(-0stan(es a1ainst +i0) t+e, 'o-l/ +el2 t+e (o-rt in a22re(iatin1 t+e entire e3i/en(e a//-(e/ in t+e (o-rt /-rin1 trial. In t+is 3ie' of t+e 0atter) it is esta4lis+e/ t+at in t+e ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 internet 'as -se/ t+ro-1+o-t t+e '+ole ni1+t inter0ittentl, an/ t+e a((-se/ 'ere a'a7en. It s+o-l/ 4e 4orne in 0in/ t+at 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ are a(@-ainte/ 'it+ t+e internet f-n(tionin1 an/ t+erefore) t+e, 0a, +a3e (ontin-e/ 'it+ t+e start an/ sto2 a(ti3it, of internet ro-ter till 1&:11:44 +o-rs on 1=.0;.2008 'it+ intent to (onf-se an/ (a0o-fla1e t+e in3esti1atin1 a1en(, as also to (reate e3i/en(e in t+eir fa3o-r. T+e ne>t s-40ission of learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ is t+at t+e 2resen(e of P.!.-4 San.a, C+a-+an at t+e 2la(e of o((-rren(e in t+e 0ornin1
Pa1e 1&7
of 1=.0;.2008 +as not 4een 2ro3e/ an/ t+erefore) +is state0ent t+at +e +a/ seen 4loo/ stains on t+e stairs as 'ell as on t+e railin1 is not (re/i4le an/ +en(e +is e3i/en(e (arries no 'ei1+t. It 'as also s-40itte/ t+at t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er 5r. 5.S. P+art,al +as a/0itte/ in +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at +e +a/ 1aine/ 7no'le/1e fro0 so0e 'itness t+at San.a, C+a-+an 'as also 2resent at t+e (ri0e s(ene an/ t+erefore) +is state0ent 'as re(or/e/ 4-t on t+is as2e(t +e /oes not 'ant to 2er-se t+e (ase /iar,. It 'as f-rt+er a//e/ t+at e3i/en(e of P.!.-1& "r. Ra.i3 D-0ar :ars+ne,) P.!.-14 "r. Ro+it Do(+ar) P.!.-7 D.D. Ca-ta0) P.!.-10 B+arti 5an/al an/ P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra are (ontra/i(tor, as so0e of t+e 'itnesses +a3e state/ t+at t+e, +a/ seen t+e 4loo/ stains on t+e stairs an/ railin1 '+ile ot+ers +a3e /enie/ t+is fa(t an/ t+erefore) in 3ie' of t+e 0a//enin1 (ontra/i(tions) t+e entire 'ar2 an/ 'oof of t+e 2rose(-tion stor, is ren/ere/ 4rittle. I /o not a1ree 'it+ t+e s-40issions of t+e learne/ (o-nsel. P.!.-4 San.a, C+a-+an is an offi(er of Pro3in(ial Ci3il Ser3i(e an/ no ani0-s 'it+ t+is 'itness +as 4een esta4lis+e/ 4, t+e a((-se/. $e is also (o02letel, /isintereste/ 'itness an/ t+erefore) +is e3i/en(e (annot 4e 3ie'e/ 'it+ a lens tin1e/ 'it+ s-s2i(ion. $e 'as 2oste/ as 6//itional >e(-ti3e 5a1istrate as 'ell as a staff offi(er in t+e offi(e of "istri(t 5a1istrate) Ca-ta04-/+ Na1ar on t+e rele3ant /ate. $e +as (ate1ori(all, state/ on oat+ t+at '+en on 1=.0;.2008) '+en +e 'as ret-rnin1 to +is resi/en(e after 0ornin1 'al7s an/ (a0e near t+e (-r3e of se(tor-2; N.<.I.".6. t+en
Pa1e 1&8
sa' t+e 2resen(e of 2oli(e an/ 1o3ern0ent 3e+i(les t+ere an/ t+o-1+t t+at t+ere is so0e 2ro4le0 of la' an/ or/er an/ t+erefore) +e 'ent insi/e se(tor-2; '+ere +e 1aine/ 7no'le/1e t+at a 0-r/er +as 4een (o00itte/ in flat no. #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar an/ t+erefore) +e rea(+e/ t+ere at a4o-t 7.&0-7.40 6.5. an/ 'ent insi/e t+e roo0 of 5s. 6ar-s+i '+ere s+e 'as fo-n/ /ea/ an/ +er /ea/ 4o/, 'as (o3ere/ 'it+ a '+ite s+eet) +er tro-ser 'as .-st 4elo' t+e 'aist. $e +as f-rt+er state/ t+at so0e 2oli(e 2ersonnel 'ere seen on t+e stairs an/ t+erefore) +e also (li04e/ 2-& ste2s an/ +a/ seen 4loo/ stains on t+e stairs as 'ell as t+e railin1 an/ t+en +e (a0e 4a(7 t+in7in1 t+at (ri0e s(ene 0a, 4e /ist-r4e/. $e +as also state/ t+at +e +a/ 2er(ei3e/ t+at in t+e -2stairs t+ere 'ere 4loo/ stains 4-t not in t+e /o'n stairs. $e +as stoo/ t+e test of 1r-elin1 (rosse>a0ination an/ not+in1 (o-l/ 4e eli(ite/ to /o-4t +is 2resen(e at t+e (ri0e s(ene in t+e 0ornin1 of 1=.0;.2008 an/ /is(re/it +is testi0on,. $e +as also state/ t+at +e re0aine/ t+ere at t+e 2la(e of o((-rren(e for a4o-t an +o-r. $is e3i/en(e (annot 4e (asti1ate/ t+at sta/i-0 in se(tor 2; N.<.I.".6. is a4o-t 28 70. a'a, fro0 +is resi/en(e an/ it is not 2ossi4le to (o0e for 0ornin1 'al7s after (o3erin1 s-(+ a lon1 /istan(e. $e +as assi1ne/ reasons for ta7in1 0ornin1 'al7s in t+e N.<.I.".6. Sta/i-0 4, statin1 t+at /-rin1 t+ose /a,s Creater N.<.I.".6. 'as not /e3elo2e/ an/ 7ee2in1 in 3ie' t+e nat-re of +is .o4) it 'as not safe for +i0 to +a3e 0ornin1 'al7s t+ere. P.!.-1& "r. Ra.i3 D-0ar :ars+ne, +as also testifie/ t+at on re(ei3in1 a 0essa1e a4o-t t+e
Pa1e 1&?
0-r/er of 5s. 6ar-s+i +e 'ent t+ere at a4o-t ?.00 6.5. 4-t 4, 0ista7e +e (li04e/ -2 to t+e terra(e /oor '+ere in t+e /oor an/ lo(7 +e fo-n/ 4loo/ stains an/ t+en +e lo(ate/ t+e flat of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ (a0e insi/e '+ere "r. Ro+it Do(+ar an/ +is 'ife 0et +i0 to '+o0 +e tol/ a4o-t t+e 2resen(e of 4loo/ stains on /oor an/ lo(7 of t+e terra(e. T+ere-2on) +e (a0e 'it+ "r. Ro+it Do(+ar near t+e terra(e /oor an/ s+o'e/ +i0 4loo/ stains. $e +as f-rt+er state/ t+at on 0in-te o4ser3ation 4loo/ stains 'ere seen in t+e stairs. 5ean'+ile) a 2oli(e0an also (a0e t+ere an/ +e 'as also s+o'n t+e 4loo/ stains on t+e stairs. T+ereafter) 4ot+ of t+e0 (a0e insi/e t+e flat an/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar (a0e o-t of t+e flat an/ 'ent to'ar/s t+e stairs 4-t i00e/iatel, (a0e 4a(7. It is to 4e note/ t+at +e +as 4een t+e (ollea1-e of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar in ITS "ental Colle1e N.<.I.".6. an/ 4ot+ of t+e0 'ere in t+e sa0e fa(-lt,. T+-s) t+ere is no reason to /o-4t on t+e testi0on, of t+is 'itness) 2arti(-larl, '+en +e 'as t+e (ollea1-e of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar. P.!.-14 "r. Ro+it Do(+ar 'as also t+e
(ollea1-e of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar in ITS "ental Colle1e) N.<.I.".6. an/ sin(e 2007 +e 'as a(@-ainte/ 'it+ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar) +e +as /e2ose/ t+at on 1=.0;.2008 at a4o-t 8.00-8.1; 6.5. +e re(ei3e/ a tele2+one (all fro0 one frien/ '+o infor0e/ +i0 a4o-t t+e 0-r/er of 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ t+en +e alon1 'it+ +is 'ife "r. Preeti Do(+ar 'ent to t+e +o-se of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar '+ere a lar1e n-04er of 2ersons 'ere 2resent t+ere. 6fter a4o-t 4;-=0 0in-tes "r. Ra.i3 D-0ar :ars+ne, (a0e t+ere an/ tol/ +i0 t+at 4, 0ista7e +e +a/ 1one -2 to t+e terra(e /oor an/
Pa1e 140
+a/ 'itnesse/ 4loo/ stains on +an/le of terra(e /oor an/ floor an/ t+en +e 'ent -2 'it+ +i0 an/ fo-n/ foot 2rints of re/ (olo-r '+i(+ a22ear to +a3e 4een (leane/ an/ 4loo/ stains on t+e +an/le of terra(e /oor. $e +as also state/ t+at 4, t+at ti0e so0e 2ersons also (a0e t+ere an/ one of t+e0 'as a 2oli(e0an) '+o 'as also s+o'n t+e 4loo/ stains. "es2ite in(isi3e (ross-e>a0ination not+in1 fa3o-ra4le (o-l/ 4e e>tra(te/ fro0 t+is 'itness an/ t+erefore) t+ere is no reason to /is4elie3e +is testi0on,. If (ertain fa(ts on tri3ial an/ non si1nifi(ant 0atters +a3e not 4een state/ to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er(s) 4, P.!.-1& * 14 in t+eir state0ents -n/er se(tion 1=1 Cr.P.C. t+en 4, /int of t+at t+eir testi0on, (annot 4e /is(ar/e/. It is also i02ortant to 0ention t+at 4ot+ P.!.-1& an/ P.!.-14 +a3e 1i3en t+eir state0ents -n/er se(tion 1=4 Cr.P.C. 4efore t+e learne/ 5etro2olitan 5a1istrate) Ne' "el+i on 1;.12.2010 #ide 7a-17. In Sh7a3 Sunder >+i4it-7a-1= an/ *s. State of
Chhattisgarh 520026 > SCC 98 it +as 4een +el/ t+at '+en an in(i/ent is narrate/ 4, t+e sa0e 2erson to /ifferent 2ersons on /ifferent o((asions so0e /ifferen(e in t+e 0o/e of narratin1 t+e in(i/ent is 4o-n/ to arise 4-t s-(+ /ifferen(es /o not 0ilitate a1ainst t+e tr-st'ort+iness of t+e narration -nless t+e 3ariations (an 4e +el/ to 4e so a4nor0al or -nnat-ral as 'o-l/ not o((-r if t+e 'itness +a/ reall, 'itnesse/ '+at +e 'as narratin1. )"*cathedra, if "r. Ro+it Do(+ar +as state/ 4efore t+is (o-rt t+at +e +a/ seen 4loo/ stains onl, on +an/le of terra(e /oor an/ floor an/ +as state/ 4efore t+e 5etro2olitan 5a1istrate t+at 4loo/ stains
Pa1e 141
on t+e /oor) +an/le an/ floor 'ere seen t+en onl, on t+at 1ro-n/ +is testi0on, (annot 4e +el/ to 4e -nrelia4le. Possi4ilit, of (leanin1 t+e 4loo/ stains on stairs an/ railin1 4, t+e a((-se/ after (o00ission of t+e (ri0e in t+e ni1+t (annot 4e r-le/ o-t as t+e, +a/ eno-1+ ti0e an/ o22ort-nit, to /o so. P.!.-7 D.D. Ca-ta0 +as also state/ t+at on 17.0;.2008 '+en +e 'ent to t+e flat of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar alon1'it+ "r. S-s+il C+a-/+ar, t+en "r. "ines+ Tal'ar 0et t+e0 t+ere an/ t+ereafter too7 t+e0 t+e to t+e roo0s of 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ $e0ra. an/ t+e stairs lea/in1 to terra(e an/ s+o'e/ 4loo/ stains on stairs) railin1) lo(7) lat(+ an/ /oor of terra(e an/ t+en on t+e re@-est of "r. "ines+ Tal'ar +e tele2+one/ S.P. Cit, 5r. 5a+es+ 5is+ra an/ tol/ +i0 a4o-t t+e 4loo/ stains an/ for o2enin1 t+e terra(e lo(7. <n t+is 2art of state0ent) t+is 'itness +as not 4een (ross-e>a0ine/ at all an/ t+erefore) +is testi0on, on t+is as2e(t 1oes -n(+allen1e/. In "al 2rishna *s. State 1877 Crl. J. 410 State of (.). *s. Nahar Singh 188> Cr.&.J. 200; 5SC6 and State of (.). *s. Anil Singh 18>8 SCC 5Crl.6 4> it +as 4een +el/ t+at '+ere a 'itness +a/ not 4een s2e(ifi(all, (ross-e>a0ine/ on a 2arti(-lar @-estion) t+e (o-rt (annot 2res-0e so0et+in1 a/3erse to t+e 'itness in relation to t+at @-estion -nless +is attention is s2e(ifi(all, /ra'n to it. In &aI3i "ai 5deceased6 through &+s and others *s. "hag-ant "u=a 5deceased6 through &+s and others 520196 4 SCC 87 it +as 4een +el/ t+at if a 2art, inten/s to i02ea(+ a 'itness) +e 0-st 2ro3i/e a/e@-ate o22ort-nit, to t+e 'itness in t+e 'itness 4o> to 1i3e a f-ll an/ 2ro2er e>2lanation. In
Pa1e 142
t+at (ase t+e la' as 1i3en in 2he3 Chand *s. State of '.). AI+ 1884 SC 22; State of (.). *s. Nahar Singh 5188>6 9 SCC <;1 +a,ender )ershad *s. /arshana /e=i 520016 7 SCC ;8 and Sunil 2u3ar *s. State of +a,asthan 5200<6 8 SCC 2>9 'as relie/ on. It is t+e (ontention of 5r. 5ir t+at if t+ere (o-l/ +a3e 4een 4loo/ stains on stair an/ railin1 t+en (ertainl, t+e sa0e 0-st +a3e 4een seen 4, P.!.-10 B+arti 5an/al '+en s+e +a/ 1one -2 t+e stairs after 2ressin1 t+e (all-4ell on t+e se(on/ o((asion 4-t s+e +as also no'+ere state/ t+at 4loo/ stains 'ere seen 4, +er an/ as s-(+ t+e e3i/en(e of San.a, C+a-+an) "r. Ra.i3 D-0ar :ars+ne,) "r. Ro+it Do(+ar an/ D.D. Ca-ta0 t+at t+e, +a/ seen t+e 4loo/ stains 2ro3es to 4e false. T+is ar1-0ent +as no le1s to stan/. T+is 'itness +as also not 4een (ross-e>a0ine/ on t+e 2oint as to '+et+er s+e +a/ seen an, 4loo/ stains '+en 1oin1 -2 t+e stairs. T+e in3esti1atin1 offi(ers +a3e also not s2e(ifi(all, @-estione/ t+is 'itness of +a3in1 seen an, 4loo/ stains on stairs or not. $a/ s+e 4een @-estione/ on t+is 2oint an/ s+e 0i1+t +a3e re2lie/ t+at s+e +a/ not seen an, 4loo/ stains on t+e stairs t+en t+e 0atter 'o-l/ +a3e 4een ot+er'ise. 6s s-(+ in t+e (ir(-0stan(es t+e e3i/en(e of P.!.-4) 7) 1& * 14 is not /is(re/ite/. In f-rt+eran(e of +is ar1-0ents it 'as also 2ointe/ o-t 4, t+e learne/ (o-nsel t+at P.!.-&4 "atara0 Na-noria) S.$.<. of Poli(e Station) Se(tor-20 +as also state/ t+at '+en +e 'ent t+ro-1+ t+e stairs to t+e roof-/oor) +e fo-n/ 4loo/ 0ar7s on t+e lo(7 of t+e terra(e /oor 4-t no 4loo/ stains on stairs) railin1 an/ roof near t+e /oor an/
Pa1e 14&
re/ (olo-re/ foot 2rints an/ t+-s +is e3i/en(e (ontra/i(ts t+e (lai0 of P.!.-4) 1& an/ 14. #i7e'ise) P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra t+e t+en S.P.) Cit, +as also state/ 4efore t+is (o-rt t+at lo(7 of t+e terra(e /oor 'as +a3in1 4loo/ 0ar7s 4-t t+e stairs /i/ not 4ear an, 4loo/ 0ar7s. T+-s) +is testi0on, /e0olis+es t+e (lai0 of P.!.-4) 1& an/ 14. It 'as also s-40itte/ 4, t+e learne/ (o-nsel t+at P.!.-1 Consta4le C+-nni #al Ca-ta0 too +as state/ t+at on 1=.0;.2008 +e 'ent -2 t+e stairs to t+e roof /oor) e>a0ine/ t+e /oor) t+e lat(+ an/ t+e lo(7 4-t /i/ not o4ser3e an, 4loo/ stains on stairs or railin1 nor an, 4loo/ staine/ foot 2rints as (lai0e/ 4, P.!.-4) 1& * 14. It 'as also s-40itte/ t+at P.!.-12 P-nis+ Rai Tan/on +as also state/ t+at +e +a/ 1one -2 t+e stairs t'o ti0es on 1=.0;.2008 4-t +e also /i/ not o4ser3e an, 4loo/ stains on stairs an/ railin1 an/ ".!.-; :i7as Set+i +as also state/ t+at '+en +e 'ent to t+e stairs -2 to'ar/s t+e roof +e +a/ not seen 4loo/ stains at an, 2la(e an/ S.I. S-nita Rana 1a3e +er state0ent to t+e assistin1 in3esti1atin1 offi(er Pan7a. Bansal t+at on 1=.0;.2008 t+ere 'as no 4loo/ stains on t+e stairs at all an/ t+-s in 3ie' of t+e in+erent (ontra/i(tions as 2ointe/ o-t a4o3e no relian(e (an 4e 2la(e/ on t+e e3i/en(e of t+ese 'itnesses. I fin/ it /iffi(-lt to a((e/e to t+e ar1-0ents of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/. 6s alrea/, state/ a4o3e P.!.-4 San.a, C+a-+an) P.!.-1& "r. Ra.i3 D-0ar :ars+ne, an/ P.!.-14 "r. Ro+it Do(+ar +a3e (ate1ori(all, state/ t+at t+e, +a/ seen t+e 4loo/ stains on t+e stairs) lo(7) +an/le an/ /oor of t+e terra(e. P.!.-4 +as also state/ t+at +e +a/ seen
Pa1e 144
4loo/ stains on railin1. P.!.-1& * 14 '+o are 0e/i(al 2rofessionals +a3e state/ t+at on 0eti(-lo-s e>a0ination it 'as fo-n/ t+at 4loo/ stains 'ere 3isi4le an/ t+erefore) in 3ie' of t+is e3i/en(e it is 2ro3e/ t+at 4loo/ stains 'ere t+ere on stairs an/ railin1) lo(7) +an/le an/ /oor of terra(e. P.!.-1 Consta4le C+-nni #al re0aine/ 4-s, in ta7in1 fin1er-2rints fro0 3ario-s 2la(es. $e +as no'+ere s2e(ifi(all, state/ t+at +e +a/ not seen t+e 4loo/ stains. $e +as si02l, state/ at 2a1e no. 8 of +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at +e /oes not re0e04er t+at '+en +e (li04e/ t+e stairs an/ +a/ 1one to t+e roof t+ere 'ere t'o /oors or not a(ross t+e stairs. P.!.-12 P-nit Rai Tan/on 'as +as state/ t+at '+en +e 'ent insi/e flat no. #-&2 an/ (a0e to 7no' a4o-t t+e o((-rren(e t+en +e (a0e 4a(7 fro0 t+ere an/ infor0e/ t+e se(-rit, 2ersonnel a4o-t t+e in(i/ent an/ '+en at a4o-t 4.00 P.5. %0es+ S+ar0a t+e /ri3er of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar as7e/ +i0 to 2ro3i/e t+e 7e, of +is terra(e /oor t+en +e +a/ 1one -2 t+e stairs to o2en t+e lo(7 of +is terra(e /oor an/ a1ain at a4o-t 4.&0 P.5. +e a1ain 'ent -2 t+e stairs to o2en t+e lo(7 of t+e terra(e /oor. $e +as not 4een (ross-e>a0ine/ s2e(ifi(all, as to '+en +e +a/ 1one -2 t+e stairs t'o ti0es on 1=.0;.2008 '+et+er +e +a/ seen an, 4loo/ stains on stairs) railin1) lo(7) +an/le an/ terra(e /oor of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar. P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra an/ P.!.- &4 S.I. "atara0 Na-noria +a3e also state/ t+at t+e, +a/ seen 4loo/ stains on t+e lo(7 of t+e terra(e /oor of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar. If P.!.-2? +as state/ t+at t+ere 'ere no 4loo/ stains on t+e terra(e t+en it (annot 4e sai/ t+at t+ere 'ere no 4loo/ stains on t+e stairs.
Pa1e 14;
P.!.-&4 +as state/ at 2a1e no. ? of +is (rosse>a0ination t+at +e /oes not re0e04er '+et+er S.P. Cit, +a/ tol/ Consta4le C+-nni #al to ta7e t+e 2+oto1ra2+s of 4loo/ stains on t+e -2stairs. Sin(e 4loo/ stains a22eare/ to +a3e 4een (leane/ an/ t+erefore) t+is 'itness 0a, not +a3e noti(e/ 0in-tel, t+e faint 4loo/stains on t+e stairs an/ as s-(+ no i02ortan(e (an 4e atta(+e/ to t+e o0ission on t+is as2e(t on 2art of P.!.-2?. P.!.-&4 +as also not 4een s2e(ifi(all, as7e/ '+et+er +e +a/ seen 4loo/ stains on t+e -2stairs or not an/ +e +as no'+ere state/ t+at +e +a/ not seen 4loo/stains on t+e stairs. T+e ne>t s-40ission of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ is t+at t+eor, of t+e 2rose(-tion t+at $e0ra. 'as ta7en in a 4e/-s+eet to t+e terra(e t+ro-1+ t+e stairs an/ +is 4o/, 'as /ra11e/ on t+e roof is not 2ro3e/ an/ t+e /-00, test (arrie/ is not a/0issi4le -n/er se(tion 4; of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t an/ t+e e3i/en(e 1i3en 4, P.!.-2= "ee2a7 D-0ar Tan'ar) P.!.-27 "r. Ra.en/ra Sin1+) P.!.-&8 "r. 5.S. "a+i,a an/ P.!.-&? 6.C.#. Da-l in t+is res2e(t is of no si1nifi(an(e. I a1ree 'it+ t+e (ontention of t+e learne/ (o-nsel to t+e e>tent t+at /-00, test is not a/0issi4le -n/er se(tion 4; of t+e 3i/en(e 6(t 4e(a-se P.!.-27 "r. Ra.en/ra Sin1+ +as a/0itte/ at 2a1e no. 4 of +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at +e (annot tell '+et+er t+e /-00, test is (on(l-si3e or not. $o'e3er) t+e fa(t re0ains t+at (ri0e s(ene 'as reena(te/ an/ /-00, test 'as (on/-(te/. It is also 2ossi4le t+at after 4l-/1eonin1 $e0ra. 'it+ 1olf sti(7 +e 'as (arrie/ in a 4e/ s+eet 4, 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ to t+e terra(e '+en +e 'as in a state of
Pa1e 14=
(on(-ssion an/ t+ereafter on t+e terra(e +is t+roat 'as slit an/ 4o/, 'as /ra11e/. T+e /ra11in1 0ar7s (o-l/ 4e easil, seen in t+e 2+oto1ra2+s 0aterial >+i4it-14) 17 an/ 18. P.!.-&= "r. Nares+ Ra. +as /e2ose/ t+at ante-0orte0 in.-r, nos. 1 2) 4 an/ ; of $e0ra. 0a, o((-r /-e to /ra11in1 on a +ar/ s-rfa(e. It is 'ell settle/ la' t+at t+ere is no set 2attern of in.-ries (a-se/ 4, /ra11in1. It /e2en/s +o' t+e 4o/, 'as l-11e/ a4o-t. %n/er Se(tion 10= 3i/en(e 6(t it 'as in(-04ent -2on t+e a((-se/ to esta4lis+ as to +o' t+e 4o/, of $e0ra. 'as ta7en to t+e roof 4, '+o0 an/ '+o +a/ lo(7e/ t+e terra(e /oor fro0 insi/e 4-t t+e, +a3e 0isera4l, faile/ to esta4lis+ t+e sa0e. It is not e>2e(te/ of t+e 2rose(-tion to lea/ e3i/en(e on t+e 2oint '+i(+ is e>(l-si3el, 'it+in t+e 7no'le/1e an/ /o0ain of t+e a((-se/. T+-s) t+e ar1-0ent of t+e learne/ (o-nsel is /e3oi/ of an, 0erit. It +as ne>t 4een ar1-e/ 'it+ 2ers2i(a(it, 4, t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ t+at fro0 t+e e3i/en(e of P.!.-1; %0es+ S+ar0a it is 2ro3e/ t+at one /oor of $e0ra.Es roo0 o2enin1 to'ar/s t+e 2assa1e re0aine/ (lose/ as in front of t+is /oor refri1erator 'as 7e2t to 4lo(7 t+e o2enin1 of t+e /oor an/ P.!.-&? 6.C.#. Da-l +as a/0itte/ t+at t+e 'oo/en /oor 'as +a3in1 an a-to0ati( (li(7 s+-t lo(7 an/ t+erefore) t+e state0ent of B+arti 5an/al t+at flat 'as lo(7e/ fro0 insi/e (annot 4e 4elie3e/. It 'as also ar1-e/ t+at 5rs. S+as+i "e3i +as 1i3en +er state0ent to I.<. $ari Sin1+ t+at '+ene3er s+e 'ent to /eli3er irone/ (lot+es o-ter0ost iron 0es+ /oor 'as fo-n/ .a00e/. I /o not a1ree 'it+ t+is s-40ission 4e(a-se P.!.-10 B+arti 5an/al +as
Pa1e 147
asse3erate/ t+at '+en s+e +a/ 2la(e/ +er +an/ on o-ter 0es+ /oor it /i/ not o2en an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar +a/ tol/ +er t+at 2er+a2s $e0ra. 0i1+t +a3e 1one to fet(+ 0il7 after lo(7in1 t+e 0i//le 1rill/0es+ /oor fro0 o-tsi/e an/ '+en s+e (a0e a1ain fro0 1ro-n/ le3el an/ 2la(e/ +er +an/ on t+e 0es+ /oor it 1ot o2ene/. T+ere is no 3ali/ reason to /is4elie3e t+e state0ent of B+arti 5an/al an/ it is 2ro3e/ t+at '+en B+arti 5an/al +a/ rea(+e/ at flat no. #-&2 it 'as lat(+e/ fro0 insi/e an/ 2-r2osel, s+e 'as tol/ to 1o to t+e 1ro-n/ le3el so t+at in t+e 0eanti0e "r. N-2-r Tal'ar 0a, o2en t+e lat(+ of t+e /oor fro0 insi/e '+i(+ -lti0atel, s+e /i/ so. P.!.-1; is a traitor '+o after ta7in1 oat+ +as /eli4eratel, 4a(7 tra(7e/. $e +as in3ente/ a ne' stor, t+at o-ter 0es+ /oor o2ene/ 'it+ so-n/ /-e to 4ein1 .a00e/. 5rs. S+as+i "e3i +as neit+er 4een 2ro/-(e/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion nor 4, t+e /efen(e an/ t+erefore) +er state0ent -n/er se(tion 1=1 Cr.P.C. (annot 4e loo7e/ into as +el/ in 5o+/. 6n7oos :s. P.P. $i1+ Co-rt of 6.P. 200? 6IR SC! 71&2. Be t+at as it 0a,) it is a02l, 2ro3e/ t+at '+en B+arti 5an/al +a/ 2la(e/ +er +an/ on t+e o-ter 0es+ /oor) it /i/ not o2en an/ '+en s+e (a0e 4a(7 fro0 1ro-n/ le3el it 1ot o2ene/ '+en s+e 2la(e/ +er +an/ on it '+i(+ (learl, s-11ests t+at o-ter 0es+/oor 'as lat(+e/ fro0 insi/e at t+e ti0e of arri3al of 5rs. B+arti 5an/al. T+e terra(e /oor 'as also lo(7e/ fro0 insi/e an/ t+erefore entr, of t+ir/ 2erson is (o02letel, r-le/ o-t. It +as ne>t 4een ar1-e/ 4, t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ t+at t+e e3i/en(e 2roffere/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar after (o00ittin1
Pa1e 148
t+e 0-r/er (ons-0e/ neat '+is7e, 'it+o-t 2o-rin1 it into a t-04ler (an +ar/l, 4e 4elie3e/ an/ t+e e3i/en(e 1i3en in t+is res2e(t 4, fin1er-2rints lifter (onsta4le C+-nni #al Ca-ta0) P.!.-& 60ar "e3 Sa+) P.!.-= B.D. 5o+a2atra) P.!.-24 S-res+ D-0ar Sin1la an/ P.!.-2; S.P.R. Prasa/ is not (re/i4le. In f-rt+eran(e of +is ar1-0ents it 'as s-40itte/ con brio t+at P.!.-1 +as state/ t+at +e +a/ ta7en fin1er2rints fro0 t+e '+is7, 4ottle an/ t+e 2late an/ +e +a/ a22lie/ 4la(7 2o'/er an/ '+en t+e fin1er-2rints /e3elo2e/ ta2e 'as a22lie/ on t+atM a4o-t 1;-20 10s. of 2o'/er 'as -se/ an/ +e /oes not re0e04er '+et+er +e +a/ 1i3en t+e state0ent to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er t+at '+is7, 4ottle fro0 '+i(+ +e +a/ ta7en t+e fin1er-2rints +a/ a re/ (olo-r 0ar7 an/ t+e 4ottle 'as al0ost of re/ (olo-rM +e /oes not re0e04er t+at on 2?.0&.2010 +e +a/ 1i3en state0ent to t+e ins2e(tor 6r3in/ 9aitle, t+at +e +a/ -se/ t+e 2o'/er to ta7e (+an(e-2rints fro0 t+e 4ottle an/ +a/ seen an, 4loo/ on t+e sa0eM t+at in t+e re2ort >+i4it-7+a-1 of P.!.-& 60ar "e3 Sa+ it +as 4een 0entione/ t+at t+e lifte/ (+an(e-2rints 0ar7e/ as S-7 '+ile in Q-1 an/ Q-10 are /ifferent fro0 s2e(i0en 10 /i1it fin1er-2rint sli2s 0ar7e/ as S-1 to >+i4it-7+a-& it +as 4een state/ t+at (+an(e-2rints /ete(te/ fro0 t+e 'ine 4ottle 0ar7e/ as Q-&) Q-; an/ Q-= are /ifferent fro0 s2e(i0en 10 /i1it fin1er-2rints 0ar7e/ as S-1 to S-7 (S-1 * S-2 are of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar * "r. N-2-r Tal'ar res2e(ti3el,)M /ete(te/ on P.!.-= "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra +as 0entione/ in +is re2ort >+i4it-7a-= t+at 4loo/ 'as
>+i4it-= / (Ballantine s(ot(+ 4ottle)
an/ 0i>e/ 2artial "N6 2rofile 'as 1enerate/ fro0 it

Pa1e 14?
'+i(+ is (onsistent 'it+ 4ot+ t+e sets of "N6 2rofile 1enerate/ fro0 t+e so-r(e of >+i4its of 2ar(el-1 an/ 2ar(el-24 at t+e a02lifie/ lo(i an/ +e +as also /e2ose/ t+at fro0 >+i4it-= / 2artial 2rofile of 0ale an/ 2artial 2rofile of fe0ale "N6 'as 1enerate/ 4-t in (ross-e>a0ination +e +as state/ t+at st-/, of 1= 0ar7ers is -n/erta7en an/ +e +as ta7en onl, t+ose 2ea7s '+i(+ +e +a/ (onsi/ere/ as (orre(tM 1enot,2e 2lots +a3e not 4een 2la(e/ on re(or/ in t+e (o-rtM in t+e 1enot,2e ta4le +e +as onl, s+o'n t+e (orre(t 2ea7s '+i(+ 'ere sele(te/ 4, +i0M if 0-lti2le 2ea7s are seen in t+e 1enot,2e t+en no o2inion (an 4e 1i3enM for one 0an) in one lo(i) 0a>i0-0 t'o 2ea7s 'ill a22earM if in one lo(i 0ore t+an t'o 2ea7s a22ear) t+en t+e sa0e is (alle/ as 0-lti2le 2ea7sM '+en a 0i>e/ 2rofile is o4taine/ no o2inion is 1i3en a4o-t t+e sa0eM if -2on o4ser3in1 ? lo(i sa0e tan/e0 re2eats are seen t+en in t+at (ase it (annot 4e (on(l-/e/ t+at 4ot+ are fro0 t+e sa0e so-r(e an/ if t+e so-r(e is not 7no'n an/ -2on (o02arison/o4ser3ation of ? lo(i) sa0e tan/e0 re2eats are seen) t+en t+e i/entit, (annot 4e esta4lis+e/) +o'e3er) at si0ilar o4ser3ation of 1; lo(i i/entit, is esta4lis+e/ an/ t+-s it is not 2ro3e/ t+at Ballantine s(ot(+ 4ottle +a/ "N6 of 6ar-s+i * $e0ra.. It 'as f-rt+er s-40itte/ t+at P.!.-2; S.P.R. Prasa/ in +is re2ort >+i4it-7a-;1 /ate/ 0=.11.2008 +as 0entione/ t+at alias >+i4it-8 (Ballantine s(ot(+ 4ottle) /i/ not ,iel/ an, "N6 for anal,sis) alias >+i4it-P ("N6 Sa02le sai/ to 4e e>tra(te/ fro0 >+i4it-= /) ,iel/e/ 0ale "N6 2rofileM t+e "N6 2rofiles fro0 t+e so-r(es of >+i4it-! ("N6 sa02le sai/ to 4e e>tra(te/ fro0 t+e 4loo/staine/ 2al0
Pa1e 1;0
2rint fo-n/ on t+e 'all of t+e roof/terra(e) 0ar7e/ as 24)) fro0 t+e 2illo' >+i4it-P ("N6 sa02le sai/ to 4e e>tra(te/ >+i4it-= / 4ottle) an/ >+i4it-L20 (one (o3er) 2-r2le (olo-re/ (lot+) are a 0ale
ori1in an/ i/enti(alM t+e "N6 2rofile of t+e so-r(es of >+i4it-% (4ro7en +air (o04) arti(le sai/ to 4e of $e0ra.)) (olo-re/ >+i4it-R (t'o raFors) arti(les sai/ to 4e of >+i4it-L&0 (one 4e/ (o3er 0-lti s-s2e(te/ s2ots of 4loo/) are 'it+ $e0ra.) an/
0at(+in1 'it+ t+e "N6 2rofiles of t+e so-r(es of >+i4it-! ("N6 sa02le sai/ to 4e e>tra(te/ fro0 t+e 4loo/staine/ 2al0 2rint fo-n/ on t+e 'all of t+e roof/terra(e) 0ar7e/ as 24) an/ >+i4it-P ("N6 >+i4it-= / sa02le sai/ to 4e e>tra(te/ fro0 t+e
4ottle)) as s+o'n in t+e en(lose/ ta4le 7 4-t in +is e3i/en(e +e +as state/ t+at t+e sa02les fro0 >+i4it-8 (Ballantine s(ot(+ 4ottle) 'ere ta7en fro0 its 0o-t+M P.!.-24 S-res+ D-0ar Sin1la +as 0entione/ in +is re2ort /ate/ 17.0=.2008 7+a-&= t+at 4loo/ on 4-t >+i4it-
>+i4it-=/ is of +-0an ori1in
>+i4it-=/ 1a3e no rea(tion for 4loo/ 1ro-2s 6)
B) 6B * < an/ as s-(+ in 3ie' of t+is e3i/en(e it is not esta4lis+e/ t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar (ons-0e/ t+e neat li@-or an/ t+e 4loo/ of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ an/ "N6 1ot e04osse/ on t+e sai/ 4ottle an/ P.!.-& 60ar "e3 S+a+ +as state/ t+at o-t of fi3e (+an(e2rints Q-& to Q-7 fo-n/ on t+e 4ottle t+ree 2rints i.e. Q-&) Q-; an/ Q-= 'ere fit for (o02arison an/ '+en t+e, 'ere (o02are/ 'it+ t+e fin1er 2rints of t+e a((-se/ no 0at(+ res-lte/M '+ile "r. 5o+a2atra +as state/ t+at "N6 2rofile fo-n/ fro0 t+e 4ottle 'as a 0i>e/ 2artial 2rofile of 0ale an/ fe0ale ori1in '+i(+ 'ere (onsistent 'it+ t+e 2rofile 1enerate/ fro0 t+e
Pa1e 1;1
4loo/ staine/ 2al0 2rints an/
>+i4its li7e 4e/-
s+eet) 0attress an/ 2illo'-(o3er (olle(te/ fro0 5s. 6ar-s+iEs roo0 4-t P.!.-2; S.P.R. Prasa/ on anal,sis of e>tra(ts 1enerate/ 4, "r. 5o+a2atra fro0 t+e sai/ 4ottle fo-n/ "N6 2rofile of onl, 0ale '+i(+ 0at(+e/ 'it+ t+e 2rofile of t+e 4loo/ staine/ 2al02rint an/ ot+er 2rofiles 4elon1in1 to /e(ease/ $e0ra.. If "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ (ons-0e/ neat li@-or fro0 its 0o-t+ t+en in t+at e3ent-alit, t+e sali3a an/ "N6 of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 0-st +a3e (o0e in (onta(t 'it+ t+e 0o-t+ of t+e 4ottle 4-t no "N6 (o-l/ 4e fo-n/ on it an/ t+erefore) t+is (ir(-0stan(e as relie/ -2on 4, t+e 2rose(-tion is lia4le to 4e /is4elie3e/. T+e aforesai/ ar1-0ents /o not a22eal to t+e reason an/ t+erefore) lia4le to 4e re.e(te/. In T+o1orani H D. "a0,anti :s. State of <rissa an/ ot+ers 2004 Cr.#.9. 400& an/ +aghu%ir /esai *s. State 2007 Cr.&.J. >28 it 'as +el/ t+at "N6 test is (lin(+in1 2ie(e of e3i/en(e. "N6 testin1 (an 0a7e a 3irt-all, 2ositi3e i/entifi(ation '+en t'o sa02les are 0at(+e/. It e>onerates inno(ent an/ +el2s to (on3i(t t+e 1-ilt,. In S3t. 2a3ti /e=i *s. )oshi +a3 AI+ 2001 SC 222; it +as 4een +el/ t+at t+e res-lt of 1en-ine "N6 test is sai/ to 4e s(ientifi(all, a((-rate. In San,a7 A 2a4a *s. NCT of /elhi 2001 Cr&J 1290 5SC6 it 'as +el/ t+at fail-re of 2rose(-tion to 2ro3e t+e ori1in of 4loo/ on (lot+es 'o-l/ not e>ten/ an, 4enefit to t+e a((-se/. In Sunil Clifford /aniel *s. State of )un,a% 2019 5>06 ACC 1888 5SC6 it 'as +el/ t+at if (lassifi(ation of 4loo/ +as not 4een /eter0ine/ 4e(a-se of la2se of ti0e) no a/3anta1e (an 4e (onferre/ on t+e a((-se/ to ena4le +i0 to (lai0 an,
Pa1e 1;2
4enefit an/ t+e re2ort of /isinte1ration of 4loo/ (annot 4e ter0e/ as 0issin1 lin7. Rel,in1 on )ra%hu "a%a,i Na=ie *s. State of "o3%a7 AI+ 18<; SC <1 +agha= )rapanna Tripathi *s. State of (.). AI+ 18;9 SC 74 an/ t+e State of +a,asthan *s. Te, +a, AI+ 1888 SC 177; it 'as +el/ in #ura Singh *s. State of +a,asthan AI+ 2001 SC 990 t+at a fail-re 4, t+e serolo1ist to /ete(t t+e ori1in of t+e 4loo/ /-e to /isinte1ration of t+e ser-0 /oes not 0ean t+at t+e 4loo/ st-(7 on t+e a>e 'o-l/ not +a3e 4een +-0an 4loo/ at all. So0eti0es) it is 2ossi4le eit+er 4e(a-se t+e stain is too ins-ffi(ient or /-e to +ae0atolo1i(al (+an1es an/ 2las0ati( (o1-lation) t+at a serolo1ist 0a, fail to /ete(t t+e ori1in of t+e 4loo/. In 2esha= &al *s. State of 0.). 520026 9 SCC 2<4 it +as 4een +el/ t+at non-as(ertaina4ilit, of t+e 4loo/ 1ro-2 (annot 4e 0a/e a 4asis to /is(ar/ t+e e3i/en(e of t+e 'itnesses '+o ot+er'ise ins2ire/ t+e (onfi/en(e of t+e (o-rt. In 'ira &al )ande7 *s. State of (.). 520126 < SCC 21; it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at fa(t t+at Serolo1i(al re2ort 'as not 2ro/-(e/ alt+o-1+ 4loo/ staine/ eart+ 'as (olle(te/ an/ t+at in3esti1ation (o00en(e/ onl, on ne>t /a, of in(i/ent) are /efe(ts in in3esti1ation '+i(+ are not of a s-(+ nat-re as to (ast /o-4t on t+e 2rose(-tion stor,. In +a3a Nathan *s. State of T.N. AI+ 187> SC 1204 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at t+e 0ere fa(t t+at t+e i/entit, of t+e a((-se/ (o-l/ not 4e esta4lis+e/ on t+e 4asis of n-04er of fin1er 2rints o4taine/ /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of in3esti1ation (annot 4e sai/ to 4e eno-1+ to .-stif, +is a(@-ittal '+en t+ere 'as o3er'+el0in1 e3i/en(e a1ainst +i0 to esta4lis+ +is
Pa1e 1;&
1-ilt. In State of 2arnata4a *s. 0.N. +a3 /as 520026 7 SCC ;98 it 'as +el/ t+at fail-re to sen/ 0-r/er 'ea2on for fin1er 2rints 0a, not 4e fatal 7ee2in1 in 3ie' t+e fa(t t+at it 'as soa7e/ in t+e 4loo/ or t+at t+ere 'as ot+er e3i/en(e (onne(tin1 t+e a((-se/. It is /o-4tf-l '+et+er 4loo/ soa7e/ (+o22er) if anal,se/ 4, a fin1er-2rint e>2ert (o-l/ +a3e an, (l-es as to fin1er-2rints. Be t+at as it 0a,) e3en t+e if it is (onsi/ere/ (ase. In as a la2se in t+e A in3esti1ation) t+at 'ill not (ast a (lo-/ of /o-4t on 2rose(-tion 0usheer 2han "adshah 2han . others *s. State of 0.). AI+ 2010 SC 7;2 it +as 4een +el/ t+at e3i/en(e of fin1er 2rint e>2ert is not s-4stanti3e e3i/en(e. S-(+ e3i/en(e (an onl, 4e -se/ to (orro4orate so0e ite0s of s-4stanti3e e3i/en(e '+i(+ are ot+er'ise on re(or/. In State of 0aharashtra *s. Anil 200; Cr.&.J. 5N@C6 2>> 5"o36 an/ "aso )rasad *s. State of "ihar 5200;6 19 SCC ;< it +as 4een +el/ t+at -nless it is esta4lis+e/ in t+e (ross-e>a0ination t+at t+e o2inion 1i3en 4, t+e e>2ert is in(orre(t) t+e sai/ e3i/en(e (annot 4e /is(ar/e/ on s+o'in1 0inor /is(re2an(ies s-(+ as non-2ro/-(tion of t+e ori1inal 'or7-4oo7. ".!.-7 "r. 6n/rei Se0i7+o/s7ii +as state/ at 2a1e no. & of +is e>a0ination-in-(+ief t+at Cenot,2e 2lots in 2a2er no. 4=4-7+a/2 to 4=47+a/8 are 3ersion of final (on(l-sion /o(-0ents. T+is 2a2er (o-l/ not 2er0it +i0 to /eter0ine t+e +ei1+t of 0an, 2ea7s) t+e 0or2+olo1, of 0an, 2ea7s an/ 4e(a-se of t+is +e (annot tell '+et+er so0e 2ea7s (o-l/ 4e PCR artifa(t or real 2ea7s an/ t+is +as a 2rofo-n/ i02li(ation to /eter0ine t+e 2ossi4le n-04er of (ontri4-tors to t+e 4iolo1i(al
Pa1e 1;4
sa02le. $e +as f-rt+er state/ t+at sin(e t+e (o02lete ra' /atas +a3e not 4een s-22lie/ to +i0 an/ t+erefore) +e is not in 2osition eit+er to (on(-r 'it+ or /isa1ree 'it+ t+e re2ort 1i3en 4, "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra. $o'e3er) e3en 'it+o-t ra' /ata +e /isa1rees 'it+ t+e re2ort of "r. 5o+a2atra on t'o 2oints- (I) "r. 5o+a2atra +as not (al(-late/ t+e R5P (Ran/o0 5at(+ Pro4a4ilit,)) '+i(+ /oes not allo' t+e (o-rt to for0 an o2inion as to t+e stren1t+ of "N6 e3i/en(e an/ (ii) "r. 5o+a2atra +as /e2ose/ t+at +e /oes not inter2ret a 0i>e/ 2rofile an/ t+erefore) +is (a2a4ilit, is @-estione/ an/ +is state0ent 0a, lea/ to 0is(arria1e of .-sti(e. In (ross-e>a0ination +e +as a/0itte/ t+at t+e (o2, of t+e re2ort >+i4it-7a-= 'as sent to +i0 an/ in >+i4it-7a-= ta4les of 1enot,2e 2lots +a3e 4een 1i3en. $e +as state/ t+at sa02les of 1enot,2e 2lots '+i(+ +a3e 4een atta(+e/ 'it+ +is re2ort are +a3in1 11 0ar7ers an/ t+e sa02les of 1enot,2e 2lots '+i(+ +a3e 4een 2ro/-(e/ 4, "r. 5o+a2atra are +a3in1 1= 0ar7ers an/ +e 7no's t+at in In/ia t+e e>2erts -se 65P 8# STR 1= #o(i 4ase an/ Cene 5a22er I" Soft'are. It is (orre(t to sa, t+at t+e +ei1+t of t+e in/i3i/-al 2ea7 of t+e 1enerate/ 1enot,2e 2lot (an 4e seen 4, t+e e>a0iner fro0 t+e s,ste0 itself an/ (an 4e /o(-0ente/ 4, t+e e>2ert if it is 'it+in a((e2ta4le li0it. It is also (orre(t to sa, t+at t+e in/i3i/-al allels (an 4e anal,se/ in t+e s,ste0 'it+ res2e(t to its +ei1+t) siFe) an/ all ot+er 2ara0eters. It is also (orre(t to sa, t+at t+e +ei1+t of t+e 2ea7s) 0or2+olo1, of 2ea7s (an 4e 3ie'e/ in a 4etter 0anner fro0 t+e s,ste0 itself 4, /oin1 Foo0. $o'e3er) t+e +ei1+t of t+e 2ea7s (an 4e 4est
Pa1e 1;;
.-/1e/ or esti0ate/ 4, t+e ta4-lar (+art '+i(+ 1i3es t+e e>a(t 3al-e. It is (orre(t t+at "r. 5o+a2atra +as re(or/e/ t+e allels '+i(+ +e +as i/entifie/ in t+e ta4-lar (+art 1i3en in >+i4it-7a-=. $e /oes not 7no' as to '+et+er t+ere are an, 1-i/elines or r-les t+at t+e 2rinto-ts of 4lan7 1enot,2e 2lots 'it+o-t an, allels 2ea7 are to 4e 7e2t. $e a1rees t+at 1enot,2e 2lots (ontain infor0ation 'it+ referen(e to so0e allels) all /,es) 3er, ro-1+ esti0ate/ 1eneral esti0ate of 2ea7 +ei1+ts) 3er, ro-1+ esti0ate/1eneral esti0ate of 2ea7 +ei1+ts ratio) so0e /ata 2oints an/ so0e file na0es. It is (orre(t to sa, t+at 0an, sa02les (an 4e 0a/e to r-n to1et+er in t+e "N6 7it after one an/ anot+er 4-t t+e inter3al 0-st 4e of at least &0 se(on/s 4et'een t+e sa02les. It is also (orre(t to sa, t+at "r. 5o+a2atra +as 0a/e inter-se (o02arison of t+e "N6 in t+e sa02les re(ei3e/ 4, +i0. It is also (orre(t to sa, t+at "r. 5o+a2atra +as not 1i3en i/entit, of t+e so-r(e of "N6. It is tr-e t+at t+e #CN "N6 res-lts +a3e 4een t+e s-4.e(t of a/3erse o4ser3ations 4, t+e (o-rts /-e to 2ossi4ilit, of (onta0ination. T+-s t+e /efen(e 'itness +as a/0itte/ t+e e3i/en(e an/ re2ort of "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra 'it+ 0inor tit-4its +ere an/ t+ere. "r. 5o+a2atra +as state/ at 2a1e no. 1? of +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at N6B# 1-i/elines are follo'e/ an/ re(or/ of e3er, 2ro(ess is 0aintaine/ an/ ele(tro2+ore1ra0 is in +is re(or/. $e +as also state/ at 2a1e no. 8 of +is (rosse>a0ination t+at "N6 is e>tra(te/ fro0 t+e sa02le an/ t+ereafter 2-rifi(ation is /one an/ t+en a02lifi(ation an/ 1enot,2in1 is /one an/ t+en
Pa1e 1;=
res-lts are o4taine/. $e +as also 0entione/ t+e 0et+o/ of test in +is 'or7 s+eet 'it+ '+i(+ +e +as (o0e to /e2ose in t+e (o-rt. $e +as also state/ at 2a1e no. 2& of +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at 1enot,2e 2lots are 1enerate/ fro0 a-to0ati( 0a(+ine6-to0ati( Ceneti( 6nal,Fer. $e +as also state/ at 2a1e no. 2= of +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at la4 2ro(e/-re +as 4een 0entione/ in +is re2ort >+i4it7a-10 an/ ot+er re2orts an/ e3en if t+ere is a (onta0inate in "N6 res-lt 'ill 4e t+e sa0e an/ onl, (+an1e 'ill 4e in t+e 1ra2+. $e +as also state/ t+at +e +as e>tra(te/ ele(tro2+ore1ra0 of 2ositi3e (ontrol. T+-s) t+ere a22ears no reason to /is(ar/ t+e re2ort an/ e3i/en(e of "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra. P.!.-24 S-res+ D-0ar Sin1la +as e>a0ine/ a 2ortion of (lot+ 2ie(e /es(ri4e/ as 2illo'-(o3er ( >+i4it-2=) an/ a 2ortion of 4loo/ staine/ t+rea/s /es(ri4e/ as 7-7ri 'it+ s+eat+ ( >+i4it-27) an/ >+i4it-2= 'as fo-n/ to 4e of +-0an-in-ori1in 4-t >+i4it-2= 1a3e no rea(tion for 4loo/ 1ro-2s 6) B) 6B * < an/ +-0an 4loo/ (o-l/ not 4e /ete(te/ on >+i4it-27. $e +as 2ro3e/ +is e>a0ination re2ort as >+i4it-7a-4?. In t+e (ross-e>a0ination +e +as state/ t+at in t+e >+i4it-7a-27 +-0an 4loo/ 'as not fo-n/ an/ 4loo/ of (o00on ani0als li7e (o') s+ee2) 1oat) (o(7) /o1 an/ B-ffalo 'as also not fo-n/. T+is e3i/en(e 2ro3es t+at 7-7ri 'as not -se/ for +o0i(i/e. $e +as also state/ t+at +is la4 follo's N6B# 1-i/elines. P.!.-2; S.P.R. Prasa/) Senior Te(+ni(al >a0iner) C.".8.".) $,/era4a/ +as 2ro3e/ e>a0ination re2ort as >+i4it-7a-;1. $e +as also 2ro3e/ (larifi(ator, letter /ate/ 24.0&.2011 as >+i4it-7a-;2 in '+i(+ it +as 4een 0entione/ t+at
Pa1e 1;7
t+ere are t,2o1ra2+i(al errors in t+e /es(ri2tion of t+e >+i4its-L14 an/ L20 an/ t+erefore t+e /es(ri2tion of A >+i4it-L14 s+all 4e rea/ as Aone 2illo'-(o3er (2-r2le (olo-re/ (lot+) G-204) C-110K instea/ of 2illo' 'it+ 2illo'-(o3er (Bl-e an/ !+ite Colo-re/)K an/ t+e /es(ri2tion of A >+i4it-L20K s+all 4e rea/ as A2illo' 'it+ 2illo'-(o3er (Bl-e an/ !+ite Colo-re/) G-204) C-114K instea/ of Aone 2illo'-(o3er (2-r2le (olo-re/ (lot+)K. $e +as 1i3en (o1ent reasons for t+is !au" pas. $e +as state/ on oat+ t+at 4efore 1i3en in2-ts ele(tro2+ore1ra0s of an/ >+i4itG204 C#-14 fro0 '+i(+ "N6 2rofile 'as re(ei3e/ >+i4it-G204 C#10 fro0 '+i(+ "N6 2rofile 'as not re(ei3e/ 'ere (+e(7e/. It is to 4e note/ t+at no "N6 'as fo-n/ in t+e 2illo'-(o3er of Dris+na 4, C.8.S.#.) Ne' "el+i an/ C.".8.".) $,/era4a/ an/ 4ot+ +a3e fo-n/ "N6 of $e0ra. in t+e 2illo'-(o3er of $e0ra.. T+is iss-e 'as raise/ 4efore t+e $onE4le $i1+ Co-rt) 6lla+a4a/ 4, t+e a((-se/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar in Cri0inal Re3ision No. 1127 of 2011 "r. N-2-r Tal'ar :s. C.B.I. * anot+er an/ after +earin1 4ot+ t+e si/es it 'as a/.-/i(ate/ on 18.0&.2011 4, t+e $onE4le $i1+ Co-rt t+at t+e o4.e(tions raise/ 4, t+e a((-se/ are 4aseless an/ it 'as (lear t+at "N6 of $e0ra. 'as not fo-n/ on Dris+naEs 2illo'-(o3er. T+e 0atter 'as a1ain a1itate/ 4efore t+e $onE4le $i1+ Co-rt in Petition No. &;&0& of 2012 an/ it 'as +el/ 4, t+e $onE4le $i1+ Co-rt t+at t+e (larifi(ator, letter of C.".8.".) $,/era4a/ +as 0entione/ as to +o' t+e error +as (re2t in. It is also 2ertinent to 0ention +ere t+at ori1inal /es(ri2tion of t+e >+i4its are +a3in1 2ro2er ta1s of C.8.S.#. an/ C.".8.". an/ f-ll >+i4its +a3e 4een 0entione/ in
Pa1e 1;8
t+e ta1s an/ si1ne/ 4, t+e (on(erne/ e>2erts. 6ll t+e ta1s +a3e 4een e>+i4ite/ 'it+ en3elo2es an/ 0aterial >+i4its i.e. 2illo'-(o3er an/ 2illo' 'it+ (o3er. In 3ie' of t+is (lin(+in1 s(ientifi( e3i/en(e t+e ar1-0ents a/3an(e/ on 4e+alf of t+e a((-se/ +a3e 1ot no for(e. It 'as ne>t (onten/e/ 4, t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ t+at in a (ase 4ase/ on (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e if (+ain of e3ents 2oints o-t to onl, +,2ot+esis t+at t+e a((-se/ are 1-ilt, an/ t+en (on3i(tion (an 4e re(or/e/ ot+er'ise not 4-t in t+e instant (ase alternati3e +,2ot+esis is 2ro3e/ fro0 t+e e3i/en(e on re(or/ in as 0-(+ as '+en "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as arreste/ not+in1 'as /is(o3ere/ on +is 2ointin1 o-t alt+o-1+ +e 'as ta7en in 2oli(e (-sto/, re0an/ for se3eral /a,sM no in(ri0inatin1 e3i/en(e in(l-/in1 0-r/er 'ea2on 'as fo-n/ fro0 +i0M a n-04er of a((-se/ Ra.es+ 'it+ Tal'ar) 2oli(e t+e no >+i4its 'ere (olle(te/ an/ 1ot (ri0eM 2ol,1ra2+ test an/ 'as e>a0ine/ 4-t ,iel/e/ no e3i/en(e to (onne(t t+e 2s,(+olo1i(al assess0ent tests (on/-(te/ -2on "r. in(ri0inatin1 'ere a ne3er frien/ 0aterial fo-n/M of on o4taine/M 'ea2ons of offen(e as intro/-(e/ 4, N.<.I.".6. /-rin1 'as in3esti1atin1 5a1istrate Dris+na (C.B.I.)) $e0ra.
arreste/ an/ or/er 'as 2asse/ 4, S2e(ial 9-/i(ial C+aFia4a/ 11.0=.2008 1rantin1 2er0ission to C.B.I. to (on/-(t #ie "ete(tor Test) Brain 5a22in1 Test an/ Nar(o 6nal,ses Test at 8.S.#. Ban1lore an/ t+e aforesai/ tests in/i(ate/ t+at Dris+na +a/ re3eale/ (r-(ial infor0ation lea/in1 to t+e /o-4le 0-r/ers an/ +is (o02li(it, is fo-n/M as 2er a22li(ation /ate/ 14.0=.2008 of C.B.I.
Pa1e 1;?
not onl, Dris+na 4-t ot+er 2ersons 'ere also in3ol3e/M t+at '+en Dris+na 'as arreste/ an/ ta7en on re0an/ t+en +e 1a3e a 3ol-ntar, /is(los-re state0ent (onfessin1 t+e /o-4le 0-r/ers 4, 7-7riM Dris+na also /is(lose/ t+at 0-r/ers 'ere (o00itte/ 4, +i0 an/ a((o02li(es Ra.7-0ar an/ :i.a, 5an/alM in t+e a22li(ation /ate/ 17.0=.2008 of C.B.I. it 'as a1ain state/ t+at Dris+na +a/ a/0itte/ to +a3e (o00itte/ t+e /o-4le 0-r/ers an/ t+en +is (-sto/, re0an/ 'as 1rante/ till 2&.0=.2008 4, S2e(ial 9-/i(ial 5a1istrate (C.B.I.)) C+aFia4a/ an/ it 'as o4ser3e/ 4, t+e learne/ 5a1istrate t+at on 2er-sal of (ase /iar, an/ /is(los-re 0e0o it is re3eale/ t+at a((-se/ Dris+na +as (onfesse/ +is 1-ilt t+at on 14.0;.2008 $e0ra. +as tol/ +i0 to 1et a 7-7ri an/ a((or/in1l, +e +a/ 1one 'it+ 7-7ri to $e0ra. an/ in t+e ni1+t of 1;.0;.2008 at aro-n/ of 12.00 <EClo(7 +e +a/ 1one to 0eet $e0ra. at #-&2 an/ (an 1et re(o3ere/ t+e 0o4ile 2+one of 5s. 6ar-s+iM on 14.0=.2008 a 7-7ri alon1'it+ s+eat+ an/ 2-r2le (olo-r 2illo'-(o3er 'ere re(o3ere/ fro0 +is roo0M on 18.0=.2008 t+e (lot+es of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar '+i(+ t+e, 'ere 'earin1 in t+e ni1+t inter3enin1 1;/1=.0;.2008 'ere seiFe/ 4-t on s(ientifi( e>a0ination an/ "N6 anal,sis t+e, ,iel/e/ 4loo/ an/ "N6 of 5s. 6ar-s+i aloneM Ra.7-0ar 'as arreste/ on 27.0=.2008 an/ /-rin1 (-sto/, re0an/ +e also 0a/e a /is(los-re state0ent a/0ittin1 +is in3ol3e0ent alon1'it+ Dris+na an/ ot+ers '+i(+ stan/s 2ro3e/ file/ fro0 4, t+e :i.a, a22li(ation D-0ar t+e /ate/ t+en 28.0=.2008
in3esti1atin1 offi(erM :i.a, 5an/al 'as arreste/ on 11.07.2008 an/ +e also /is(lose/ +is (o02li(it,
Pa1e 1=0
alon1'it+ Dris+na an/ Ra.7-0arM t+at on 11.07.2008 an a22li(ation 'as 1i3en 4, C.B.I. 4efore t+e learne/ S2e(ial 9-/i(ial 5a1istrate (C.B.I.)) C+aFia4a/ -n/er se(tion 1=? Cr.P.C. 0entionin1 t+erein t+at e3i/en(e a1ainst "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar is ins-ffi(ient an/ (onse@-entl, +e 'as release/ fro0 .ailM "r. S-nil "o+re an/ "r. Nares+ Ra. o2ine/ t+at ante0orte0 in.-ries on t+e +ea/s of 4ot+ /e(ease/ are 2ossi4le to +a3e 4een (a-se/ 4, 7-7riM P.!.-&7 :i.a, D-0ar +as state/ in +is e3i/en(e t+at in Brain 5a22in1 Test) Nar(o 6nal,sis Test an/ Pol,1ra2+ Test of Dris+na +is (o02li(it, in /o-4le 0-r/ers +as 4een fo-n/M Dris+na) Ra.7-0ar an/ :i.a, 5an/al 'ere in3ol3e/ in t+e (ri0eM :i.a, D-0ar +as also state/ t+at D.D. Ca-ta0 +as state/ 4efore +i0 t+at +e +a/ fo-n/ t+at on t+e 4e/ of $e0ra. at least t+ree 2ersons 0-st +a3e 4een seate/ as t+ere 'ere /e2ressions in t+e 4e/ an/ in t+e t'o 1lasses s-4stan(e li7e al(o+ol 'as seen an/ it see0e/ t+at toilet of $e0ra. +a/ not 4een fl-s+e/ an/ 0ore t+an one 2erson +a/ -rinate/ in t+e toiletM t+at P.!.-&; 5.S. P+art,al +as also a/0itte/ in +is (rosse>a0ination t+at t+e a4o3e t+ree 2ersons +a/ (onfesse/ to +a3e (o00itte/ 0-r/ers) +o'e3er t+e, 'ere not (oo2eratin1 an/ 1i3in1 0islea/in1 infor0ationM t+at so-n/ test 'as (arrie/ on 10.0=.2008 an/ it 'as fo-n/ t+at a((-se/ slee2in1 in t+eir 4e/-roo0 'it+ air-(on/itioner s'it(+e/ on (annot +ear o2enin1 an/ (losin1/4oltin1 of entr,e>it /oorM t+at on 1;.0;.2008 at a4o-t 1=:;8:14 +o-rs a (all 'as 0a/e fro0 tele2+one n-04er 0120=47?8?= to 0o4ile n-04er ?21&;1;48; an/ on t+e sa0e /ate anot+er (all 'as 0a/e fro0 t+e
Pa1e 1=1
sai/ lan/-line n-04er to t+e sai/ 0o4ile n-04er at 17:&7:&& +o-rs 4, Dris+na to $e0ra. fro0 N.<.I.".6. Clini( of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ at t+at ti0e "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as in +is $a-F D+as Clini( an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar 'as in 8ortis $os2ital) Se(tor-=2) N.<.I.".6. '+i(+ is 2ro3e/ fro0 t+e C.".R. of 0o4ile n-04er ?810178071 in t+e na0e of "r. N-2-r Tal'ar an/ as s-(+ as it is 2ro3e/ t+at all t+e erst'+ile a((-se/ 2ersons 'ere in (onta(t 'it+ ea(+ ot+er. #i7e a /ro'nin1 0an (at(+in1 at t+e stra') 'il/ s-11estions +a3e 4een t+ro'n t+at t+ere 'as a 2ossi4ilit, of t+e 0-r/er of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ +a3in1 4een (o00itte/ 4, t+ese t+ree erst'+ile a((-se/ an/ :i.a, an/ t+-s alternati3e stan/s +,2ot+esis an/ of e"* (o00ission of /o-4le 0-r/ers 4, Dris+na) Ra.7-0ar 5an/al 2ro3e/ conse uenti, t+e a((-se/ /eser3e to 4e a(@-itte/. I /o not fin/ an, s-4stan(e in t+e aforesai/ s-40issions. T+e 2-r2ose of in3esti1ation is to fin/ o-t t+e real (-l2rits an/ in t+at 2ro(ess e3en s-s2e(te/ 2ersons are arreste/ 4, t+e in3esti1atin1 a1en(ies for interro1ation 4-t '+en t+eir (-l2a4ilit, an/ (o02li(it, in t+e (o00ission of t+e offen(e is not esta4lis+e/) t+en t+e, are let off an/ t+erefore) if Dris+na) Ra.7-0ar an/ :i.a, 5an/al 'ere arreste/ 4, C.B.I. /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of in3esti1ation 4-t no prima*!acie e3i/en(e s-rfa(e/ a1ainst t+e0 t+en t+e, 'ere ri1+tl, not 2ro(ee/e/ a1ainst. Re(o3er, of 7-7ri 'as not 0a/e on t+e 4asis of 2ointin1 o-t 4, t+e a((-se/ Dris+na. 3en t+is 7-7ri 'as not re(o3ere/ fro0 +is roo0 on t+e 4asis of +is /is(los-re state0ent an/ rat+er fro0 t+e 2er-sal of >+i4it-7a-?2) it 'ill re3eal t+at C.B.I. tea0 alon1
Pa1e 1=2
'it+ forensi( e>2erts fro0 C.8.S.#.) Ne' "el+i ins2e(te/ t+e roo0 of Dris+na T+a/arai in t+e 2resen(e of +is 4rot+er-in-la' B+i0 Ba+a/-r T+a2a an/ t+en 7-7ri alon1 'it+ s+eat+ 'as re(o3ere/. P.!.-&7 :i.a, D-0ar) a @-on/a0 S.S.P. of C.B.I. +as state/ at 2a1e no. 2 of +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at alt+o-1+ Dris+na (onfesse/ 4efore +i0 4-t +e +a/ (+an1e/ +is 3ersion an/ t+erefore) +e (o-l/ not rea(+ at t+e (on(l-sion t+at +e +as 2er2etrate/ t+e (ri0e. T+is 'itness +as 'ron1l, /e2ose/ t+at on t+e 4asis of /is(los-re state0ent 0a/e 4, Dris+na 7-7ri 'as re(o3ere/ fro0 +is roo0 4e(a-se in >+i4it7a-?2 it +as no '+ere 4een 'ritten t+at on t+e 4asis of /is(los-re state0ent re(o3er, of 7-7ri 'as 0a/e on 14.0=.2008. If) '+ile 0o3in1 a22li(ations for 1rantin1 2oli(e (-sto/, re0an/ of t+ese t+ree erst'+ile a((-se/ it 'as 0entione/ t+at t+ese 2ersons are in3ol3e/ in t+e (ri0e t+en it (annot 4e +el/ t+at) in fa(t) t+ese 2ersons 'ere t+e 2er2etrators of t+e (ri0e 4e(a-se) in 2ra(ti(e) t+e in3esti1atin1 a1en(, '+en 0o3es a22li(ation for 2oli(e (-sto/, re0an/ of an a((-se/ t+en all-o-t efforts are 0a/e to (on3in(e t+e (on(erne/ .-/i(ial 0a1istrate re1ar/in1 t+e (o02li(it, of t+e a((-se/ so t+at (-sto/, re0an/ 0a, 4e 1rante/ an/ t+erefore) if t+e learne/ S2e(ial 9-/i(ial 5a1istrate (C.B.I.)) C+aFia4a/ +as 0a/e (ertain o4ser3ations for 1rant of 2oli(e (-sto/, re0an/ on t+e 4asis of a3er0ents 0a/e in t+e a22li(ations) t+en 4, t+at o4ser3ation t+is (o-rt is not 4o-n/ to infer t+at t+e s-s2e(ts 'ere a(t-all, in3ol3e/ in t+e (ri0e. It is also 2ertinent to 0ention +ere t+at in3esti1ation at t+at sta1e 'as at 2reli0inar, sta1e an/ all t+e
Pa1e 1=&
(-0-lati3e e3i/en(e an/ (ir(-0stan(es +a/ not s-rfa(e/ 4, t+en an/ +en(e) for t+ese reasons no i02ortan(e (an 4e atta(+e/ to t+e a22li(ations for 1rant of re0an/ an/ t+e or/ers 2asse/ 4, t+e S2e(ial 9-/i(ial 5a1istrate (C.B.I.)) C+aFia4a/ t+ereon. In S3t. Sel=i and others *s. State of 2arnata4a AI+ 2010 SC 1874 59JJ6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at t+e res-lts of Brain 5a22in1) Nar(o 6nal,sis an/ Pol,1ra2+ Tests (annot 4e a/0itte/ in e3i/en(e an/ t+e res-lts o4taine/ fro0 s-(+ tests (annot 4e (ate1oriFe/ as 0aterial e3i/en(e an/ e3en '+en t+e s-4.e(t +as 1i3en (onsent to -n/er1o an, of t+ese tests) t+e test res-lts 4, t+e0sel3es (annot 4e a/0itte/ as e3i/en(e 4e(a-se t+e s-4.e(t /oes not e>er(ise (ons(io-s (ontrol o3er t+e res2onses /-rin1 t+e a/0inistration of tests an/ t+erefore) in 3ie' of t+e la' settle/ 4, t+e $onE4le S-2re0e Co-rt) if t+e erst'+ile a((-se/ 2ersons +a/ 1i3en an, in(-l2ator, state0ents /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of t+ese tests t+en t+e, are of no le1al si1nifi(an(e. If on 1;.0;.2008 at a4o-t 1=:;8:14 +o-rs an/ 17:&7:&& +o-rs tele2+one (alls 'ere 0a/e 4, Dris+na to $e0ra. fro0 N.<.I.".6. Clini( of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ at t+at ti0e "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as in +is $a-F D+as Clini( an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar 'as in 8ortis $os2ital) Se(tor-=2) N.<.I.".6. t+en it (annot 4e sai/ t+at t+e, 'ere 2lannin1 to (o00it an, (ri0e. <ne s+o-l/ not lose si1+t of t+e fa(t t+at $e0ra. 'as also 0-r/ere/ in t+e inter3enin1 ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 an/ t+erefore) (ons2ira(, 4et'een $e0ra. an/ Dris+na (annot 4e /e/-(e/ 4, an, stret(+ of i0a1ination. T+ere is no e3i/en(e t+at Ra.7-0ar an/ :i.a, 5an/al 'ere in (onta(t eit+er
Pa1e 1=4
'it+ $e0ra. or Dris+na. T+e e3i/en(e of D.D. Ca-ta0 t+at on e>a0ination of t+e roo0 of $e0ra. it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at t+ree 2ersons 0i1+t +a3e 4een sittin1 in t+e 4e/ as t+ere 'ere /e2ressions on t+e 4e/ an/ in t+e t'o 1lasses s-4stan(e li7e al(o+ol 'as seen an/ it see0e/ t+at toilet of $e0ra. +a/ not 4een fl-s+e/ an/ 0ore t+an one 2erson +a/ -rinate/ in t+e toilet +ar/l, ins2ires (onfi/en(e as t+is state0ent is 4ase/ on s-r0ises) (on.e(t-res an/ s2e(-lations. It is not 2ossi4le at all t+at in t+e 0i/ni1+t aro-n/ 12.00 <EClo(7 Dris+na) Ra.7-0ar an/ :i.a, 5an/al 'ill (o0e to t+e roo0 of $e0ra. an/ +a3e li@-or /rin7s. If it 'as so) fo-r 1lasses 0i1+t +a3e 4een fo-n/ t+ere 4-t D.D. Ca-ta0 +as state/ 4efore t+e I.<. t+at in onl, t'o 1lasses s-4stan(e li7e al(o+ol 'as seen '+i(+ +as not 4een (onfir0e/ 4, an, ot+er e3i/en(e. T+e 2rose(-tion stor, an/ its e3i/en(e 'ill not re(ei3e a .er7 an/ .olt 4e(a-se t+e erst'+ile a((-se/ 'ere not (+ar1es+eete/ or 2-t on trial as t+e .er7 an/ .olt is not s-(+ as to -2set an/ tilt t+e 2rose(-tion 3ersion a1ainst t+e a((-se/ an/ (reate an, reasona4le /o-4t in re1ar/ to t+eir (o02li(it, in t+e 1+astl, (ri0e. Sin(e t+e o((-rren(e is no(t-rnal insi/e t+e flat an/ t+e (ri0e (a0e into li1+t in 2-4li( /o0ain in t+e 0ornin1 of 1=.0;.2008 an/ t+erefore) it is 2ossi4le in all +-0an 2ro4a4ilit, t+at 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 0a, +a3e (reate/ e3i/en(e of s-(+ a nat-re '+i(+ 0a, (onf-se t+e in3esti1ators. T+e a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +as a/0itte/ at 2a1e no. 2 of +is 'ritten state0ent -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at +e an/ +is 'ife +a3e 4een 4ro-1+t -2 in a 3er, li4eral at0os2+ere 'it+ 0o/ern o-tloo7 an/ at 2a1e & +e
Pa1e 1=;
+as state/ t+at +e ta7es al(o+ol at 2arties. $o'e3er) at 2a1e no. 4 of +is 'ritten state0ent +e +as state/ t+at '+is7, 4ottle s+o-l/ +a3e 4een or/inaril, in t+e (a4inet. T+is ans'er itself s-11ests t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar is fon/ of li@-or an/ +e -se/ to ta7e li@-or in +is flat as +e +i0self +as a/0itte/ t+at '+is7, 4ottle 0-st +a3e 4een in t+e (a4inet an/ not in t+e /inin1 ta4le an/ t+erefore) t+ere is e3er, 2ossi4ilit, t+at '+is7, 'as ta7en 4, t+e a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar. It is also 2ossi4le t+at '+is7, 4ottle 0i1+t +a3e 4een lifte/ after 'earin1 1lo3es. It is also 2ossi4le t+at S-la 'ine 0a, +a3e also 4een ta7en 4, t+e a((-se/ '+en +e 'as e>tre0el, an/ intensel, in tension after (o00ittin1 t+e (ri0e or it 'as 2artl, 0a/e e02t, to s+o' t+at $e0ra. an/ +is frien/s +a/ (ons-0e/ t+e li@-or. It is not t+e (ase of t+e a((-se/ t+at $e0ra. -se/ to ta7e 'ine or li@-or. If 'ea2ons of offen(e i.e. +a00er) 7nife an/ s(al2el +a3e not 4een re(o3ere/ t+en /-e to t+at) t+e (ase of 2rose(-tion is not affe(te/. In (3ar 0oh33ad *s. State of +a,asthan 200> 5;06 ACC 28< 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at non re(o3er, of in(ri0inatin1 0aterial/'ea2ons of offen(e fro0 t+e a((-se/ '+en (annot 4e a 1ro-n/ to e>onerate t+e0 e,e 'itnesses e>a0ine/ 4, t+e t+e
2rose(-tion are fo-n/ to 4e tr-st'ort+,. In t+is (ase) t+e la' as lai/ /o'n in 2rishna3ochi and others *s. State of "ihar 520026 ; SCC >1 'as follo'e/. In "a%a /een A "a%ai *s. State of (.). 2012 57>6 ACC ;;0 5/" A&&6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at non re(o3er, of 'ea2on of offen(e is not a 1ro-n/ for a(@-ittal of t+e a((-se/ '+en t+ere is a (lin(+in1 an/ relia4le e3i/en(e. In t+at (ase t+e la' as
Pa1e 1==
e>2o-n/e/ in State of +a,asthan *s. Ar,un Singh 2012 5776 ACC 70> 5SC6 +as 4een follo'e/. It is to 4e note/ t+at +ea/ an/ ne(7 in.-ries of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 2ersons /o not a22ear to +a3e 4een (a-se/ 4, +a00er an/ 7nife res2e(ti3el, an/ t+erefore) @-estion of t+eir re(o3er, /oes not arise. Colf sti(7s 'ere 2ro/-(e/ 4, "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +i0self. T+e siFe of S(al2el is .-st li7e a 2en an/ (an easil, 4e (on(eale/ or /estro,e/ at an, ti0e after t+e (o00ission of t+e /o-4le 0-r/ers in t+e ni1+t an/ 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ +a/ s-ffi(ient ti0e an/ o22ort-nit, to /estro, or (on(eal t+e s(al2el an/ ot+er in(ri0inatin1 e3i/en(e '+i(+ 'as a1ainst t+e0. In 3ie' of t+e /is(-ssion 0a/e a4o3e) t+e ar1-0ents a/3an(e/ on 4e+alf of t+e a((-se/ 2ale into insi1nifi(an(e. T+e ne>t (ontention of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ is t+at fro0 t+e e3i/en(e it is not 2ro3e/ t+at t+e (ri0e s(ene 'as /resse/ -2 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/ insin-ation t+at to,s +a3in1 no 4loo/ stains 'ere 7e2t on t+e 4e/ after t+e (o00ission of t+e 0-r/erM t+at t+e 4e/-s+eet 'as not +a3in1 (reasesM t+at /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. 'as (o3ere/ 'it+ a (ooler 2anelM t+at t+e a((-se/ 2ersons (+an1e/ t+eir (lot+es '+i(+ t+e, 'ere 'earin1 in t+e ni1+t of t+e o((-rren(e an/ fres+ (lot+es 'ere 'orn 4efore t+e onset of t+e /a'n are not+in1 4-t a 2a(7 of lies an/ +a3e 4een (on(o(te/ as a (o(7 an/ 4-ll stor, 4-t t+ese alle1ations are not 2ro3e/ 4, t+e e3i/en(e in 3ie' of fa(t t+at on 2er-sal of 2+oto1ra2+s 2a2er no. ;=0-7a-/&1) ;=07a/&7an/ ;=0-7a/&? '+i(+ 'ere ta7en fro0 t+e /i1ital (a0era ('+i(+ 'as 1i3en to 5s. 6ar-s+i as
Pa1e 1=7
4irt+ /a, 1ift) in t+e e3enin1 of 1;.0;.2008 it 'ill re3eal t+at to,s) 2illo' +a3e also 4een s+o'n in t+ose 2+oto1ra2+s '+i(+ 'ere ta7en in t+e e3enin1 an/ an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar 'as also 'earin1 t+e sa0e 1o'n '+i(+ s+e 'as fo-n/ 'earin1 in t+e 0ornin1 an/ t+erefore) t+e alle1ations are 2ro3e/ to 4e -tterl, false an/ t+e 2rose(-tion stor, (olla2ses li7e 2a(7 of (ar/s. I a0 not 1oin1 to 4e l-re/ 4, attra(ti3e in1enio-s an/ /e>tero-s /efen(e ta7en 4, t+e learne/ (o-nsel in as 0-(+ as fro0 t+e 2er-sal of a4o3e 2+oto1ra2+s as 'ell as 2+oto1ra2+s 0aterial >+i4its-7a-1) 7a-2) 7a-&) 7a-4) 7a-; it 'ill re3eal t+at in t+e 2+oto1ra2+s '+i(+ are alle1e/ to +a3e 4een ta7en in t+e e3enin1 of 1;.0;.2008 t+e 4e/-s+eet is of /ifferent (olo-r +a3in1 stri2s of 0-lti2le s+a/es '+ile in 0aterial >+i4its-1 to ;) 0-lti-(olo-re/ 2rinte/ 4e/-s+eet is (learl, seen '+i(+ is all to1et+er /ifferent fro0 t+e 4e/-s+eet seen in 2+oto1ra2+s 2a2er no. ;=0-7a/&1) 7a/&7 an/ ;=0-7a/&?. In a//ition to ;=0in t+at
2+oto1ra2+ 2a2er no. ;=0-7a/&1) ;=0-7a/&7 an/ ;=0-7a/&? one to, +as 4een s+o'n .-st near t+e +ea/ rest '+ile in 0aterial >+i4its-1 an/ 2 t+at to, +as 4een s+o'n near t+e le1s of 5s. 6ar-s+iM li7e'ise in t+e 4e/-s+eet as s+o'n 2+oto1ra2+s 2a2er no. ;=0-7a/&1) ;=0-7a/&7 an/ ;=0-7a/&? (reases are (learl, 3isi4le '+ile in t+e 2+oto1ra2+s 0aterial >+i4its-1 to ; no s-(+ (reases are 3isi4le at all. 5oreo3er) t+e 4e/-s+eet as s+o'n in 2+oto1ra2+s 2a2er no. ;=0-7a/&1) ;=0-7a/&7 an/ ;=0-7a/&? a22ears to 4e (o02arati3el, ne' t+an 0-lti (olo-re/ 2rinte/ 4e/-s+eet as s+o'n in 0aterial >+i4its- 1 to ; '+i(+ a22ears to 4e fa/e/
Pa1e 1=8
as a res-lt of -se sin(e lon1 4a(7. In 2+oto1ra2+s 2a2er no. ;=0-7a/&1) ;=0-7a/&7 an/ ;=0-7a/&? no 2illo' of t+e set of 4e/-s+eet +as 4een s+o'n '+ile in 2+oto1ra2+ 0aterial 4e/-s+eet +as 4een >+i4it-1 one a//itional an/ s+o'n. In t+e 0aterial s0all 2illo' of t+e set of t+e 0-lti-(olo-re/ 2rinte/ >+i4its-1 to ; s(+ool 4a1 +as 4een s+o'n near t+e /ea/ 4o/, of 5s. 6ar-s+i '+ile t+is 4a1 is not 3isi4le in t+e 2+oto1ra2+s 2a2er no. ;=0-7a/&1) ;=0-7a/&7 an/ ;=0-7a/&?. No 4loo/ stains are also 3isi4le in t+is 4a1. %2on t+e (o02arison of 2+oto1ra2+s ta7en 4, t+e /i1ital (a0era in t+e e3enin1 of 1;.0;.2008 'it+ t+e 2+oto1ra2+s 0aterial >+i4it- 1 to ; it (learl, s+o's t+at t+e 4e/-s+eet 'as (+an1e/ an/ t+is in all 2ro4a4ilit, 0-st +a3e 4een /one 4, t+e a((-se/. It is also 2ossi4le t+at 4efore 1oin1 to slee2 "r. N-2-r Tal'ar 0i1+t +a3e (+an1e/ +er 1o'n '+i(+ s+e 'as 'earin1 at t+e ti0e of ta7in1 2i> fro0 /i1ital (a0era. 6s state/ +erein 4efore) 4ein1 0ot+er of t+e (+il/ it is not 2ossi4le t+at on seein1 +er (+il/ /ea/ s+e 'o-l/ not +a3e +-11e/ +er. "-rin1 +-11in1 (ertainl,) t+e 1o'n of "r. N-2-r Tal'ar 0-st +a3e also 4een 4loo/ staine/ 4-t no 4loo/ 'as fo-n/) '+i(+ (learl, s+o's t+at s+e +a/ (+an1e/ +er 1o'n or ot+er ni1+t-1ar0ent) '+i(+ s+e 'as 'earin1 in t+e ni1+t. So is t+e (ase 'it+ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar. P.!.-14 "r. Ro+it Do(+ar +as state/ t+at '+en on 1=.0;.2008 +e +a/ 1one in flat no. #-&2 t+en +e +a/ seen t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as in re/ (olo-re/ T-S+irt an/ +alf 2ant an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar 'as in '+ite s-it or 1o'n 4-t t+e (lot+es of 4ot+ 'ere not staine/ 'it+ 4loo/. P.!.-= "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra +as state/ t+at in t+e +alf 2ant) T-s+irt
Pa1e 1=?
an/ 1o'n 4loo/ stains 'ere faint '+i(+ 0a, 4e eit+er t+at t+ere 'ere li1+t 4loo/ satins or 4loo/ 'as (leane/. !+en t+e 4loo/ s2latters (an 1o -2to t+e 'all 4e+in/ t+e +ea/-rest of t+e 4e/ t+en it is not 2ossi4le t+at t+ere 'ill 4e no 4loo/ s2latters on t+e to,s) s(+ool 4a1 an/ t+e 4oo7 AT+e t+ree 0ista7es of 0, lifeK '+i(+ 'ere 7e2t on t+e 4e/ itself. 3en if t+e 4e/ is -se/ for a 0o0ent t+e t+e (reases a22ear in 4e/-s+eet. It a 0atter of (o00on 7no'le/1e t+at if one is atta(7e/ '+ile l,in1 on t+e 4e/ +e/s+e 'ill not re0ain stati( an/ resist t+e atta(7 an/ in t+at 2ro(ess (reases are 4o-n/ to o((-r in t+e 4e/-s+eet. 6n o-tsi/er 7iller after (o00ittin1 t+e (ri0e 'ill not 'aste +is ti0e in /ressin1--2 t+e 4e/-s+eet) arran1in1 to,s an/ 2illo' in 2ro2er or/er in t+e 4e/-s+eet) (o3erin1 t+e /ea/ 4o/, of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'it+ a flannel 4lan7et an/ (leanin1 2ri3ate 2arts of 5s. 6ar-s+i as +is to2 2riorit, 'ill 4e to es(a2e a'a, i00e/iatel, after (o00ission of t+e 0-r/er an/ t+-s /ressin1--2 of t+e 4e/-s+eet an/ 2la(in1 to,s an/ 2illo' is 2ossi4le to 4e /one 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons onl,. Si0ilarl,) no o-tsi/er assassin 'ill 4ot+er to ta7e a'a, t+e 4o/, of $e0ra. to t+e terra(e an/ later on /ra1 it to t+e (orner of t+e terra(e an/ 2la(e (ooler 2anel o3er t+e /ea/ 4o/, an/ also a 4e/-s+eet on t+e 0es+ 1rill '+i(+ 'as 4et'een t+e roofs in s-(+ a 'a, t+at no4o/, (o-l/ 4e a4le to see t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. an/ t+ereafter 'ill (o0e insi/e t+e flat an/ lo(7 t+e terra(e /oor fro0 insi/e an/ t+en 'ill lea3e t+e flat. In all +-0an 2ro4a4ilit, t+ese a(ti3ities are 2ossi4le to 4e /one 4, t+e a((-se/ an/ no4o/, else. It is also not 2ossi4le t+at '+en t+e 3i(ti0s 'ere
Pa1e 170
atta(7e/ t+e, 'o-l/ not +a3e s(ree(+e/ or ,el2e/. $a/ 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ 4een 0-r/ere/ 4, an o-tsi/er t+en +earin1 of t+e s(ree(+es of 3i(ti0s 0a, +a3e (ertainl, a'a7ene/ t+e a((-se/ 2ersons e3en if t+e, (o-l/ 4e in /ee2 sl-04er in t+e a/.oinin1 roo0 an/ t+e air-(on/itioner of t+eir roo0 'as on as so-n/ tra3els 'it+ 0ore intensit, in t+e ni1+t. If t+e (ooler 2anel +as not 4een ta7en into 2ossession 4, S.I. "ata Ra0 Na-naria an/ +e +as not /ire(te/ (onsta4le C+-nni #al Ca-ta0 to ta7e 2+oto1ra2+s an/ fin1er-2rints of 2anel t+en it is 0erel, a ne1li1en(e on t+e 2art of 5r. Na-naria 4-t it is 'ell settle/ la' t+at on a((o-nt of ne1li1en(e or /efe(ti3e in3esti1ation of I.<. t+e 2rose(-tion (ase (annot 4e t+ro'n a'a, or /-44e/ as -ntr-e an/ t+e a((-se/ (annot ta7e a/3anta1e of t+e sa0e as +as 4een +el/ in '.N. +ish%ud *s. State of /elhi AI+ 18<< SC 18; 59JJ6 2arnel Singh *s. State of 0.). 5188<6 < SCC <1> +a3 "ihari ?ada= *s. State of "ihar 5188>6 4 SCC <17 )aras ?ada= *s. State of "ihar AI+ 1888 SC ;44 A3ar Singh *s. "al-inder Singh AI+ 2009 SC 11;4 /hana, Singh A Shera and others *s. State of )un,a% 520046 9 SCC ;<4 Surendra )as-an *s. State of Jhar4hand AI+ 2004 SC 742 +a3 "ali *s. State of (.). 520046 10 SCC <8> Mahira 'a%i%ullah '. She4h *s. State of #u,arat 5200;6 9 SCC 974 +a4esh 2u3ar *s. State of 'ar7ana 520086 9 SCC 5Cr.6 1249 Sheo Shan4ar Singh *s. State of Jhar4hand 2011 Cr.&.J. 2198 5SC6 2ashi Nath 0andal *s. State of :est "engal AI+ 2012 SC 9194 #anga Singh *s. State of 0.). 520196 7 SCC 27>
Pa1e 171
'e3a *s. State 2019 516 AC+ ;70 5SC6 Saha%uddin *s. State of Assa3 2019 5>06 ACC 1002 5SC6. T+-s) t+e ar1-0ents of t+e learne/ (o-nsel /o not +ol/ an, 'ater. T+e ne>t (ontention of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ is t+at t+e alle1ations t+at 2ri3ate 2arts of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'ere (leane/ after +er 0-r/er are 2re2ostero-s an/ t+is t+eor, +as 4een in1enio-sl, in3ente/ 4, P.!.-; "r. S-nil D-0ar "o+re '+ile 1i3in1 state0ent in t+e (o-rt t+at 3a1inal orifi(e of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as 2ro0inent) 3a1inal (anal 'as 3isi4le '+i(+ 0eans t+at so0e4o/, +a/ interfere/ 2+,si(all, 'it+ +er 2ri3ate 2arts eit+er .-st 4efore t+e settin1 in of ri1or 0ortis or /-rin1 t+e 2+ase of ri1or 0ortis 4-t t+is 2ie(e of e3i/en(e (annot 4e a((e2te/ 4e(a-se "r. "o+re +as no '+ere 0entione/ t+ese fa(ts in t+e 2ost0orte0 re2ort an/ rat+er it 'as 'ritten in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort t+at on e>a0ination of 2ri3ate 2arts- Eno a4nor0alit, /ete(te/E an/ +e +as also not 1i3en state0ent re1ar/in1 t+e 3a1inal stat-s to Poli(e Ins2e(tor 6nil Sa0ania nor to 5r. :i.a, D-0ar t+e t+en S.P.) C.B.I.) nor to Ins2e(tor 5.S. P+art,al) nor to an, 0e04er of t+e 6.I.I.5.S (o00ittee an/ 0a/e i02ro3e0ents onl, on &0.0?.200? '+en +is =t+ state0ent 'as re(or/e/ 4, 6.C.#. Da-l an/ if 2ri3ate 2arts 0a, +a3e 4een (leane/ t+en (ertainl, S.I. Ba(++- Sin1+) '+o +el/ in@-est on t+e /ea/ 4o/, of 5s. 6ar-s+i 0-st +a3e 0entione/ t+is fa(t t+at 4e/s+eet 'as fo-n/ 'et an/ e3en S.I. "atara0 Na-neria) S.P. Cit, 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra an/ Consta4le Pa'an D-0ar +a3e not state/ in t+eir testi0on, t+at t+e 4e/-s+eet of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as
Pa1e 172
+a3in1 an, e3i/en(e of 'as+in1 an/ it 'as 'et an/ t+-s t+e e3i/en(e of "r. "o+re stan/s 4elie/. T+is ar1-0ent +as also no s-4stan(e. In t+e 2+oto1ra2+ 0aterial >+i4it-1 so0e stain is 3isi4le on ri1+t-si/e .-st 4esi/e t+e 2el3i( 2ortion of 5s. 6ar-s+i in t+e 4e/-s+eet. T+e 4e/-s+eet 'as seiFe/ an/ seale/ 4, S.I. "atara0 Na-naria. It 'as e>a0ine/ 4, P.!.-= "r. B.D. 5o+a2atra in t+e li1+t of t+e @-estionnaire anne>e/ 'it+ t+e letter /ate/ 0?.04.2010 of S.P.) C.B.I.) "e+ra/-n. In t+e e>a0ination re2ort-Da-14 it +as 4een 0entione/ t+at in 0-lti-(olo-re/ 4e/-s+eet >+i4it-1 i.e. 2rinte/ +a3in1 re//is+ 4ro'n >+i4it-1
stains at 0an, 2la(es -rine) se0en (o-l/ not 4e /ete(te/ an/ /esi1nate/ (ir(-lar area of /i/ not ,iel/ "N6 for anal,sis. In t+e fa(e of t+is (lin(+in1 an/ relia4le s(ientifi( e3i/en(e it is 2ro3e/ to t+e +ilt t+at t+e 2ri3ate 2arts of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'ere (leane/ 'it+ 'ater an/ t+atEs '+, in t+e /esi1nate/ (ir(-lar area of t+e 4e/-s+eet neit+er -rine nor se0en 'as fo-n/. If (onsta4le Pa'an D-0ar) S.I. Ba(++- Sin1+) S.I. "atara0 Na-neria an/ S.P. (Cit,) 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra +a3e not state/ t+at t+e 4e/s+eet 'as fo-n/ 'et an/ in t+e in@-est re2ort S.I. Ba(++- Sin1+ +as not 0entione/ t+at t+e 4e/-s+eet of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as fo-n/ 'et t+an no i02ortan(e (an 4e attri4-te/ to t+is o0ission. Sin(e Ins2e(tor 6nil Sa0ania) S.P.) C.B.I.) 5r. :i.a, D-0ar) Ins2e(tor 5.S. P+art,al +a3e not s2e(ifi(all, @-estione/ "r. "o+re a4o3e t+e 3a1inal stat-s of t+e /e(ease/ 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ t+erefore) +e (o-l/ not tell t+e0 a4o-t t+e sa0e an/ '+en 5r. Da-l re(or/e/ +is state0ent on &0.0?.200? an/ +e 'as as7e/ s2e(ifi(all, to tell a4o-t t+e 3a1inal stat-s an/ t+en +e 1a3e
Pa1e 17&
state0ent re1ar/in1 t+e 3a1inal stat-s of 5s. 6ar-s+i. It 'as not e>2e(te/ of "r. "o+re to tell t+e ot+er 0e04ers of t+e e>2ert (o00ittee a4o-t t+e 3a1inal stat-s of 5s. 6ar-s+i. In 3ie' of t+e /is(-ssion t+e ar1-0ents of t+e learne/ (o-nsel (annot 4e a((e2te/. T+e ne>t (ontention of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ is t+at) in fa(t) 8.I.R. 'as /i(tate/ to "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar at +is flat 4, 2oli(e 2ersonnel an/ +e +a/ ne3er 1one to t+e 2oli(e station Se(tor-20 to lo/1e t+e 8.I.R. an/ it +as falsel, 4een /e2ose/ 4, P.!.-&4 "atara0 Na-neria t+at 8.I.R. 'as lo/1e/ 4, "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar at 2oli(e station itself 4-t '+en +e 'as (ross-e>a0ine/ on t+is as2e(t it 'as state/ 4, +i0 t+at +is state0ents 'ere re(or/e/ 4, C.B.I. offi(ers 2-& ti0es an/ +e +a/ 1one t+ro-1+ t+e sa0e an/ a/0itte/ t+e0 to 4e (orre(t 4-t in +is state0ents it +as not 4een 'ritten t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ lo/1e/ t+e (o02laint at t+e 2oli(e station itself an/ +e (annot f-rnis+ an, reason for t+e sa0e. It 'as f-rt+er s-40itte/ t+at t+is 'itness +as a/0itte/ t+at +e +as not re(or/e/ t+e state0ent of C.". 'riter (onsta4le Ra.2al Sin1+ an/ +e +a/ not seen "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar in t+e 2oli(e station on 1=.0;.2008 an/ +e +a/ 1i3en state0ent on 24.10.2008 to t+e C.B.I. Ins2e(tor 5.S. P+art,al t+at on 1=.0;.2008 at aro-n/ 7.00 6.5. +e +a/ re(ei3e/ a tele2+one (all 2ro4a4l, fro0 2oli(e (ontrol-roo0 or fro0 t+e resi/en(e of S.S.P. an/ i00e/iatel, t+ereafter re(ei3e/ a (all fro0 5.D. 5is+ra) S.P. (Cit,) '+o infor0e/ +i0 t+at in 8lat No. #-&2) Se(tor-2;) a la/, +a/ 4een 0-r/ere/ an/ +e 'as /ire(te/ to rea(+ t+ere i00e/iatel, an/ +e +as
Pa1e 174
f-rt+er state/ t+at +e +a/ tol/ t+e C.B.I. offi(ers t+at -2on re(ei3in1 infor0ation fro0 t+e 2oli(e station +e +a/ i00e/iatel, r-s+e/ to 8lat No. #-&2 4-t +e /oes not 7no' '+, t+e C.B.I. offi(ers +a/ not re(or/e/ t+is state0ent an/ +e +a/ not as7e/ t+e0 to re(or/ +is state0ent to t+e effe(t t+at +e +a/ 1one to 8lat No. #-&2 after re(ei3in1 infor0ation fro0 t+e 2oli(e stationM it +as not (o0e in +is 7no'le/1e t+at on 1=.0;.2008 at 0=.;; 6.5. "r. "ines+ Tal'ar +a/ 0a/e a tele2+one (all to 2oli(e (ontrol-roo0 re1ar/in1 t+e 0-r/er of 5s. 6ar-s+iM P.!.-&; 5.S. P+art,al +as a/0itte/ in +is (rosse>a0ination t+at S.I. "atara0 Na-neria +a/ not 1i3en a state0ent to +i0 t+at on 1=.0;.2008 at aro-n/ 07.10 6.5. "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ lo/1e/ t+e (o02laint at t+e 2oli(e station itselfM P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra +a/ also a/0itte/ in +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at +e +a/ re(ei3e/ an infor0ation fro0 (it, (ontrol-roo0 at a4o-t 07.00 6.5. t+at at #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar one 1irl +a/ 4een 0-r/ere/ an/ t+is infor0ation 'as 1i3en to t+e 2oli(e (ontrol-roo0 4, t+e -n(le of t+e 1irlM +e +a/ rea(+e/ at #-&2 at a4o-t 07.&0 6.5. an/ till t+e ti0e +e re0aine/ t+ere at t+e (ri0e s(ene 8.I.R. 'as not lo/1e/ an/ +e +a/ as7e/ t+e a((-se/ 2ersons to 1et t+e 8.I.R. lo/1e/ an/ +a/ instr-(te/ S.I. "atara0 Na-neria t+at '+ate3er t+e a((-se/ 'rite +e 0-st lo/1e t+e 8.I.R. on t+at 4asis an/ '+en +e +a/ rea(+e/ at #-&2 "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as 'ritin1 t+e (o02laint an/ t+-s it is a02l, 2ro3e/ t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ not 1one to t+e 2oli(e station to lo/1e t+e 8.I.R. an/ rat+er 8.I.R. 'as /i(tate/ to +i0 at t+e flat itself an/ a((or/in1l, in t+e C.". >+i4itPa1e 17;
7a-77 arri3al of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar in t+e 2oli(e station +as 'ron1l, 4een 0entione/ 4, (onsta4le Ra.2al Sin1+ an/ as s-(+ t+e alle1ation of lo/1in1 false 8.I.R. an/ 0is/ire(tin1 N.<.I.".6. 2oli(e is not 2ro3e/. T+is ar1-0ent is too ten-o-s. P.!.-&4 S.I. "atara0 Na-neria +as state/ at 2a1e no. = of +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at in t+e 0ornin1 of 1=.0;.2008 +e 'as at +is resi/en(e '+i(+ is in t+e 2re0ises of t+e 2oli(e station an/ +e 'as infor0e/ 4, Consta4le Ra.2al Sin1+ re1ar/in1 t+e o((-rren(e an/ t+en after 1;-20 0in-tes +e +a/ rea(+e/ at t+e (ri0e s(ene. 6lt+o-1+ +e +as a/0itte/ t+at on t+at /ate +e +a/ not seen "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar in t+e 2oli(e station 4-t it s+o-l/ 4e 4orne in 0in/ t+at re2ort 'as lo/1e/ at 07.10 6.5. an/ at t+at ti0e +e 'as not in t+e offi(e of t+e 2oli(e station an/ rat+er +e 'as at +is resi/en(e an/ t+erefore in t+e fa(tsit-ation it is (onsta4le Ra.2al Sin1+ '+o 'o-l/ +a3e 4een t+e 4est 'itness to tell '+et+er "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ (o0e to t+e 2oli(e station to lo/1e t+e 8.I.R. T+e 1en-ineness of (o02laint >+i4it-7a-?; +as 4een a/0itte/ 4, 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ an/ t+erefore itEs for0al 2roof is not re@-ire/ an/ (an 4e rea/ into e3i/en(e as +el/ in SadiG *s. State 18>1 Cr.&.J. Cr.&.J. 978 4>7 5Allaha%ad 5"o3%a7 State H"6 Shai4h Harid A 'ussain Sa% *s. State of 0aharashtra 18>4 H"6 and "oraiah She4har *s. 2009 Cr.&.J. 1091
52arnata4a H"6. P.!.-&4 +as 2ro3e/ t+e 2+oto(o2, of C.". No. 12 /ate/ 1=.0;.2008 as >+i4it-7a-77 in '+i(+ it +as 4een s+o'n t+at at 07.10 6.5. "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar (a0e to t+e 2oli(e station an/ +an/e/ o3er a (o02laint on t+e 4asis of '+i(+ (ase
Pa1e 17=
(ri0e n-04er =?; of 2008 -n/er se(tion &02 I.P.C. 'as re1istere/ a1ainst $e0ra.. T+e s(ri4e of C.". Consta4le Ra.2al Sin1+ +as not 4een e>a0ine/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion. No 2ra,er 'as e3er 0a/e 4, t+e a((-se/ to s-00on (onsta4le Ra.2al in /efen(e to e>a0ine +i0 to 2ro3e a4o-t t+e (orre(tness of t+e entr, 0a/e in t+e sai/ C.". In Jafar Ali *s. State of (.). 2004 54>6 ACC ><4 it +as 4een +el/ 4, t+e "i3ision Ben(+ of t+e $onE4le $i1+ Co-rt of 6lla+a4a/ t+at entr, in C.". is 0a/e 4, 2oli(e offi(ial in /is(+ar1e of offi(ial /-ties an/ t+erefore) t+ere is no reason to /is4elie3e t+e entr, so 0a/e. T+e (o-rt 0a, 2res-0e -n/er se(tion 114-(e) of 3i/en(e 6(t t+at .-/i(ial an/ offi(ial a(ts +a3e 4een re1-larl, 2erfor0e/. T+e le1al 0a>i0 omnia praesumuntur rite it dowee probetur in contrarium so$enniter esse acta i.e.) all t+e a(ts are 2res-0e/ to +a3e 4een /one ri1+tl, an/ re1-larl,) a22lies. It is trite in la' t+at '+en t+ere is a fi1+t 4et'een o(-lar an/ /o(-0entar, e3i/en(e) it is t+e /o(-0entar, e3i/en(e '+i(+ 'ill 2re3ail an/ t+erefore) t+e e3i/en(e of P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra t+at '+en at a4o-t 7.&0 6.5. +e rea(+e/ at 8lat No. #-&2) "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as 'ritin1 t+e (o02laint an/ +e +a/ instr-(te/ S.I. "atara0 Na-neria to lo/1e t+e 8.I.R. on t+at 4asis an/ till t+e ti0e +e re0aine/ t+ere 8.I.R. +a/ not 4een lo/1e/ is 2ro3e/ to 4e false an/ t+is state0ent a22ears to +a3e 4een 1i3en -n/er so0e 0is(on(e2tion or loss of 0e0or, /-e to 2assa1e of ti0e. <s(ar !il/e +as a2tl, re0ar7e/ t+at 0e0or, is t+e 'ea7est (o02anion of a +-0an 4ein1. If S.I. "atara0 Na-neria +a/ not state/ 4efore t+e C.B.I. <ffi(ers
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t+at on 1=.0;.2008 at a4o-t 07.10 6.5. "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ (o0e to t+e 2oli(e station to lo/1e t+e 8.I.R. t+en /-e to t+at it (annot 4e sai/ t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ not 1one to t+e 2oli(e station to lo/1e t+e 8.I.R. It +as no '+ere 4een s-11este/ 4efore P.!.-&4 t+at false entr, in C.". 0a, +a3e 4een re(or/e/ 4, Consta4le Ra.2al Sin1+. 6ss-0in1 arguendo t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ not 1one to t+e 2oli(e station to lo/1e t+e 8.I.R. e3en t+en it is 2ro3e/ t+at +e 1a3e false infor0ation to t+e 2oli(e t+at 0-r/er of 6ar-s+i +as 4een (o00itte/ 4, $e0ra. 7no'in1 t+at 0-r/ers of 5s. 6ar-s+i as 'ell as $e0ra. 'ere (o00itte/ 4, +i0 an/ +is 'ife "r. N-2-r Tal'ar. T+-s t+e ar1-0ents on t+is (o-nt also fail. T+e ne>t (ontention of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ is t+at P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra +as /e2ose/ t+at '+en on 17.0;.2008 +e +a/ seen t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. t+en at t+at ti0e 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 'ere not 2resent in t+e flat an/ onl, "r. "ines+ Tal'ar) "r. "-rrani an/ so0e ot+er 2ersons 'ere 2resentM "r. "ines+ Tal'ar an/ "r. "-rrani i/entifie/ t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. an/ after so0e ti0e "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar also arri3e/ t+ere 4-t +e a22eare/ 1r-/1in1 to i/entif, t+e /ea/ 4o/, an/ '+en 2eo2le '+o +a/ asse04le/ t+ere i/entifie/ t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. t+en "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar also i/entifie/ t+e /ea/ 4o/, 4-t t+is fa(t 'as not state/ 4efore I.<. 5r. :i.a, D-0ar. #i7e'ise P.!.-&& S.I. Ba(++- Sin1+ +as /e2ose/ t+at /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. 'as not i/entifie/ 4, "r. "ines+ Tal'ar an/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar '+o +a/ rea(+e/ t+ere laterM P.!.-&4 S.I. "atara0 Na-neria +as /e2ose/ t+at on
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0=.0=.2008 +e +a/ state/ to I.<. 5r. R.S. D-ril t+at on 17.0;.2008 '+en "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ rea(+e/ +e +a/ e>2resse/ +is ina4ilit, to re(o1niFe t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. 4-t +e (annot sa, +o' 5r. D-ril +as 0entione/ in +is state0ent t+at on t+at /a, +e +a/ not 0et "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar at all an/ I.<. 5r. Da-l +as a/0itte/ t+at S.I. "atara0 Na-neria +a/ state/ 4efore 5r. D-ril t+at on 17.0;.2008 t+at +e +a/ not 0et "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar at all an/ t+-s it is 2ro3e/ fro0 t+e a4o3e e3i/en(e t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ not ref-se/ to i/entif, t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra.. I /onEt fin/ an, for(e in t+is ar1-0ent. It is 2ro3e/ fro0 e3i/en(e on re(or/ t+at terra(e /oor 'as lo(7e/ fro0 insi/e 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons after ta7in1 a'a, t+e 4o/, of $e0ra. in t+e terra(e an/ as s-(+ t+e, 'ere 7no'in1 'ell t+at /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. is l,in1 in t+e terra(e. P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra +as state/ at 2a1e no.2 of +is e>a0ination-in-(+ief t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as as7e/ 4, +i0 to 2ro3i/e t+e 7e, of terra(e /oor 4-t +e +a/ state/ t+at it is not tra(ea4le. $e +as also state/ t+at '+en +e 'ent to t+e terra(e +e +a/ fo-n/ "r. "ines+ Tal'ar) "r. "-rrani an/ so0e ot+er 2ersons t+ere an/ t+e, +a/ tol/ +i0 t+at t+e /ea/ 4o/, 'as of $e0ra. an/ after so0e ti0e "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar also rea(+e/ t+ere an/ '+en +e en@-ire/ fro0 +i0 a4o-t t+e /ea/ 4o/, t+en +e see0e/ rel-(tant to i/entif, t+e /ea/ 4o/, an/ '+en ot+er 2ersons 2resent t+ere state/ t+at t+e /ea/ 4o/, 'as of $e0ra. t+en "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar also i/entifie/ t+e /ea/ 4o/,. P.!.-&& S.I. Ba(++- Sin1+ +as also state/ t+at "r. "ines+ Tal'ar +a/ /e(line/ to i/entif, t+e /ea/ 4o/, an/ after so0e ti0e "r.
Pa1e 17?
Ra.es+ Tal'ar +as also (a0e t+ere an/ +e too /i/ not i/entif, t+e /ea/ 4o/, 4-t t+ereafter "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar state/ t+at t+e /ea/ 4o/, 0a, 4e of $e0ra.. P.!.-&4 S.I. "atara0 Na-neria +as also state/ t+at '+en +e en@-ire/ fro0 "r. "ines+ Tal'ar a4o-t t+e /ea/ 4o/, t+en +e fei1ne/ +is i1noran(e an/ 0ean'+ile "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar also (a0e t+ere an/ +e 'as as7e/ to i/entif, t+e /ea/ 4o/, 4-t +e also /e(line/ to i/entif, it. $e +as also state/ t+at Ra0 Prasa/) R-/ra #al +a/ also (o0e t+ere an/ t+e, i/entifie/ t+e /ea/ 4o/, to 4e of $e0ra.) t+e ser3ant of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar. $e +as also state/ t+at a 0e0o >+i4it-7a-82 re1ar/in1 4rea7in1 o2en of t+e lo(7 'as 2re2are/ 4-t "r. "ines+ Tal'ar +a/ ref-se/ to si1n in t+is 0e0o. 8ro0 t+e 2er-sal of >+i4it-7a-82 it 'ill trans2ire t+at a note 'as a22en/e/ to t+at effe(t 4elo' t+e 0e0o t+at "r. "ines+ Tal'ar ref-se/ to 2-t +is si1nat-res. If all t+e a4o3e 'itnesses +a/ not state/ 4efore t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ /e(line/ to i/entif, t+e /ea/ 4o/, of $e0ra. t+en t+e o0ission a4o-t 0in-te /etails 'ill not (reate an, /ent in t+e (ase of t+e 2rose(-tion. In a 2let+ora of (ases '+i(+ +a3e 4een all-/e/ to supra in t+e 2re(e/in1 2ara1ra2+s an/ in State of )un,a% *s. :assan Singh AI+ 18>1 SC ;87 an/ State of Andhra )radesh *s. 2anda #opaludu 200< 5<96 ACC 772 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at +-0an 0e0or, is a2t to 4l-r 'it+ t+e 2assa1e of ti0e an/ +en(e 0inor o0issions re1ar/in1 (ollateral an/ s-4si/iar, fa(ts '+i(+ /o not affe(t t+e s-4strat-0 of t+e (ase 'ill not affe(t t+e (re/i4ilit, of t+e 'itnesses. 6s alrea/, state/ it /e2en/s
Pa1e 180
'+et+er t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er +a/ s2e(ifi(all, as7e/ a 2arti(-lar @-estion fro0 t+e 'itness an/ if not as7e/ t+en it is not ne(essar, t+at t+e 'itness 'ill tell t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er on +is o'n. T+e state0ents 1i3en to t+e in3esti1atin1 offi(er are s-22ose/ to 4rief an/ /etaile/ state0ents are al'a,s 1i3en in t+e (o-rt. P.!.-7 D.D. Ca-ta0 +as also /e2ose/ t+at t+e '+en t+e 2oli(e +a/ en@-ire/ fro0 "r. "ines+ Tal'ar a4o-t t+e i/entit, of t+e /ea/ 4o/, t+en +e +a/ also fei1ne/ +is i1noran(e. T+-s) t+e ar1-0ents of t+e learne/ (o-nsel are 4ereft of reasons. T+e ne>t s-40ission of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ is t+at fro0 t+e e3i/en(e a//-(e/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion it is not 2ro3e/ t+at t+e a((-se/ 2ersons (a-se/ /estr-(tion of e3i/en(e of t+e (o00ission of t+e t'in 0-r/ers in as 0-(+ as t+e floor of 6ar-s+i 'as (leane/ on 1=.0;.2008 'it+ t+e 2er0ission of t+e 2oli(e 2ersonnel 2resent t+ereM t+e o-ter-0ost 1rill /oor 'as -na-t+oriFe/ an/ t+erefore 1ot re0o3e/ after 0an, 0ont+s of t+e o((-rren(e an/ t+ere 'as no 2ro+i4itor, or/ers restrainin1 t+e a((-se/ fro0 re0o3in1 t+e 1rill /oor an/ t+e a2art0ent 'as 1ot 2ainte/ a ,ear an/ +alf after t+e o((-rren(e. It 'as f-rt+er s-40itte/ t+at P.!.-1; %0es+ S+ar0a +as /e2ose/ t+at +e +a/ (leane/ t+e floor of 6ar-s+iEs roo0 after see7in1 2er0ission fro0 t+e 2oli(e offi(ers an/ at t+at ti0e 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 'ere a'a, at (re0atori-0 to 2erfor0 t+e last rites of 6ar-s+iM ".!.-; :i7as Set+i +as also /e2ose/ t+at +e +a/ so-1+t 2er0ission fro0 t+e 2oli(e offi(ers an/ one la/, 2oli(e offi(ial for (leanin1 '+i(+ t+e, +a/ a((or/e/M P.!.-12
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P-nis+ Rai Tan/on +as state/ t+at t+e o-ter-0ost 1rill /oor 'as not a 2art of t+e +o-se ori1inall, an/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ 1ot it se2aratel, installe/ later an/ on 1=.0;.2008 (leanin1 'as /one in t+e 2resen(e of 2oli(e offi(ialsM P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra +as state/ t+at on t+e 2illo' t+ere 'as a lot of 4loo/ '+i(+ +a/ see2e/ /o'n onto t+e floor an/ 4esi/es t+at area 4loo/ 'as not fo-n/ an,'+ere in t+e roo0 of 6ar-s+i in(l-/in1 +er looM P.!.-&? 6.C.#. Da-l +as a/0itte/ t+at state0ent of S.I. S-nita Rana 'as re(or/e/ 4, assistin1 in3esti1atin1 offi(er 5-7es+ S+ar0a an/ s+e +as state/ to +i0 t+at 2-& la/ies alon1 'it+ one 0ale 2erson 'ere (leanin1 t+e /ra'in1 roo0 an/ t+-s /estr-(tion of e3i/en(e of t+e (o00ission of t+e 0-r/ers is not 2ro3e/ at all. T+ese ar1-0ents are also lia4le to 4e tras+e/. No 2er0ission 'as so-1+t 4, t+e a((-se/ fro0 t+e C.B.I. 4efore re0o3in1 t+e o-ter-0ost 1rill /oor an/ 2aintin1 of 2artition 'all 7no'in1 it 'ell t+at in3esti1ation is 1oin1 on an/ t+-s 3ital 2ie(e of e3i/en(e 'as /estro,e/. P.!.-1; an/ ".!.-; 4ot+ are +i1+l, intereste/ an/ 2artisan 'itnesses 4ein1 2ai/ e02lo,ees of t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/ t+erefore t+eir e3i/en(e 1i3en on t+e as2e(t of (leanin1 of t+e floor 'it+ t+e 2er0ission of t+e 2oli(e (annot 4e 4elie3e/. ".!.-; +as 4een (on3i(te/ -n/er se(tions =& an/ =8 of Co2, Ri1+t 6(t 4, 6.C.5.5.) Ro+ini Co-rts) Ne' "el+i. S.I. S-nita Rana +as not 4een 2ro/-(e/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion an/ t+erefore s+e s+o-l/ +a3e 4een 1ot e>a0ine/ as /efen(e 'itness 4-t t+at 'as not /one /es2ite o22ort-nit, 1i3en to t+e a((-se/ to file list of 'itnesses (ontainin1 t+e na0es of t+e 'itnesses
Pa1e 182
'+i(+ are 2ro2ose/ to 4e e>a0ine/ in /efen(e 4-t +er na0e 'as not in(l-/e/ in t+e list of 'itnesses an/ t+erefore) t+e state0ent 1i3en 4, S-nita Rana -n/er se(tion 1=1 Cr.P.C. to assistin1 in3esti1atin1 offi(er 5-7es+ S+ar0a) 4ein1 not s-4stanti3e 2ie(e of e3i/en(e (annot 4e loo7e/ into as t+e state0ent -n/er se(tion 1=1 Cr.P.C. (an 4e -se/ for t+e 2-r2ose of (ontra/i(tions onl,. 8ro0 t+e oral an/ /o(-0entar, e3i/en(e it is 2ro3e/ t+at 4loo/ s2latters 'ere fo-n/ on t+e 'all 4e+in/ t+e +ea/rest of t+e 4e/ as 'ell as on t+e frontal si/e of t+e /oor of 6ar-s+iEs roo0. T+e 4loo/ s2latters are (learl, 3isi4le in t+e 2+oto1ra2+ 0aterial >+i4it-4 an/ 2+oto1ra2+ nos. 2?) &1) &2) &&) &4) &; an/ &= of "-?8. P.!.-1 (onsta4le C+-nni #al Ca-ta0 +as state/ on oat+ t+at +e +a/ seen 4loo/ s2latters on t+e 'all 4e+in/ t+e 4a(7 of t+e 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 4e/. P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra +as also state/ in +is e>a0ination-in-(+ief t+at t+ere 'ere so0e to,s 7e2t on t+e 4e/ 4-t 'it+o-t 4loo/ stains an/ 4loo/ s2latters 'ere in t+e 'all 4e+in/ t+e +ea/-rest of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 4e/ as 'ell as on t+e frontal si/e of t+e /oor of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs roo0. S.I. Ba(++- Sin1+ an/ S.I. "atara0 Na-neria +a3e also state/ t+at t+ere 'ere 4loo/ s2latters 4e+in/ t+e 'all of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 4e/. T+ose la/ies '+o +a/ instr-(te/ %0es+ S+ar0a an/ :i7as Set+i to (lean t+e floor +a3e neit+er 4een na0e/ 4, %nes+ S+ar0a an/ :i7as Set+i nor +a3e t+e, 4een 2ro/-(e/ in t+e (o-rt. #i7e'ise) P.!.-1; an/ ".!.-; +a3e not /is(lose/ t+e na0es of t+e 2oli(e offi(ers '+o +a/ 2er0itte/ to (lean t+e floor. <43io-sl,) t+ese t'o 'itnesses (o-l/ not (lean t+e floor 'it+o-t t+e ta(it
Pa1e 18&
a22ro3al of t+e a((-se/ 2ersons. P.!.-2& D-s-0 +as /e2ose/ on 12.11.2012 t+at a4o-t fo-r ,ears a1o '+en in t+e s-00er season s+e 'as 1oin1 to +er resi/en(e sit-ate/ in Sa/ar2-r :illa1e t+en s+e +a/ fo-n/ a 0o4ile set in a 2ar7 an/ after =-7 /a,s of t+is re(o3er,)+er 4rot+er Ra04+ool (a0e to +er resi/en(e an/ t+en +er son +a/ 1i3en t+is 0o4ile set to Ra04+ool an/ after a4o-4t one an/ +alf ,ear "el+i Poli(e (a0e in "as+a+ara :illa1e an/ arreste/
+er 4rot+er Ra04+ool. S+e an/ +er +-s4an/ 'ere also arreste/ 4, t+e 2oli(e an/ 0o4ile set 'as
seiFe/ an/ after interro1ation t+e, 'ere release/. P.!.-&2 an/ C.". Ri(++2al Sin1+ +a/ state/ t+at on 1&.0?.200? +e +as ta7en one (ell-2+one 'it+ SI5 No. 7 /ate/ 1&.0?.200? fro0 5r. C+an/ra0 $ea/ Consta4le) Cri0e Bran(+) "el+i Poli(e) S-n #i1+t Colon,) Ne' "el+i an/ seiF-re 0e0o >+i4it-7a-=& 'as 2re2are/ 4, +is (o02anion S.I. Gatis+ C+an/ra. $e +as f-rt+er state/ t+at n-04er of SI5 'as ?=&?02?&0= an/ I.5. .I. no. of t+is 0o4ile set 'as &;4;=8012881114. P.!.-&? +as state/ t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar +a/ tol/ +i0 t+at t+e 4oo7 ET+ree 0ista7es of 0, lifeE 'as in t+e 4e/ of 5s. 6ar-s+i at t+e ti0e of +er 0-r/er an/ (ar/4oar/ 4o> of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 0o4ile 'as 'it+ +i0 an/ t+is 4oo7 an/ (ar/-4oar/ 4o> 'ere +an/e/ o3er to ins2e(tor 6r3in/ 9aitle, '+o +as 2re2are/ In 2ro/-(tion-(-0-seiF-re 0e0o >+i4it-7a-?7.
>+i4it-7a-?7 it +as 4een 'ritten t+at in t+e (ar/4oar/ 4o> I.5. .I. No. &;4;=8012881114 of No7ia N-72 0o4ile 'as fo-n/ 2rinte/ an/ it 'as state/ 4, "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar t+at t+is 'as t+e 2a(7a1in1 of 0o4ile 2+one of +ere /a-1+ter an/ t+e sa0e
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0o4ile-set 'as fo-n/ 4, D-s-0. P.!.-&? +as /e2ose/ t+at t+e (ell-2+one '+ose I.5. .I. no. 'as 2rinte/ in t+e (ar/-4oar/ 4o> 'as -se/ 4, 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ a((or/in1l, it is 2ro3e/ t+at 0o4ile-set of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as t+ro'n in t+e 2ar7 to (on(eal an/ /estro, t+e e3i/en(e. $e +as also state/ at 2a1e no. ? of +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at 0o4ile-set of $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ a(ti3e in P-n.a4 (ir(le as 'as infor0e/ to +i0 4, T6T6 Tele(o0. ".!.-4 +as a/0itte/ in +is (ross-e>a0ination t+at in t+e s+o2 of +is fat+er 0o4ile-sets are 4ein1 sol/ an/ 0o4ile-set of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as 2re-2ai/ an/ -se/ to 1et it re(+ar1e/ at t+e instan(e of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar. $e +as also a/0itte/ t+at +is fat+erEs sister li3es in P-n.a4. 6 s2e(ifi( s-11estion +as 4een t+ro'n 4efore t+is 'itness t+at /ata of 0o4iles of 5s. 6ar-s+i an/ $e0ra. 'ere /elete/ 4, +i0 an/ 0o4ile-set of $e0ra. 0-st +a3e 4een 1ot sent to 2-n.a4. In Do/ali P-ran C+an/ra Rao :s. P.P. 6n/+ra Pra/es+ 6IR 1?7; SC 1?2; (&99)) it 'as +el/ t+at t+e follo'in1 in1re/ients are to 4e 2ro3e/ 4, 2rose(-tion:-T+at an offen(e +as 4een (o00itte/M 1) T+at t+e a((-se/ 7ne' or +a/ reason to 4elie3e t+e (o00ission of s-(+ offen(eM 2) T+at 'it+ s-(+ 7no'le/1e or 4elief +e a) Ca-se/ an, e3i/en(e of t+e (o00ission of t+at offen(e to /isa22ear) or 4) Ca3e an, infor0ation res2e(tin1 t+at offen(e '+i(+ +e t+en 7ne' or 4elie3e/ to 4e falseM &) T+at +e /i/ so as aforesai/) 'it+ t+e intention of s(reenin1 t+e offen/er fro0 le1al 2-nis+0ent.
Pa1e 18;
T+e sa0e 3ie' +as 4een ta7en in )al=inder 2aur *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 18<2 SC 9<4 :attan Singh *s. State of )un,a% 2004 54>6 ACC ;77 an/ "udhan Singh *s. State of "ihar 200; 5<<6 ACC <<0. 8ro0 t+e e3i/en(e it is 2ro3e/ t+at t+e a((-se/ 2ersons /is2ose/ off//estro,e/ t+e s(al2el) 4loo/ staine/ (lot+es 'orn 4, t+e0 /-rin1 t+e (o00ission of t+e offen(e) /resse/--2 t+e s(ene of (ri0e) (leane/ 2ri3ate 2arts of 5s. 6ar-s+i) (o3ere/ t+e /ea/ 4o/, of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'it+ a flannel 4lan7et an/ t+at of $e0ra. 'it+ a (ooler 2anel) 2la(e/ a 4e/-s+eet on 1rill /i3i/in1 t'o roofs) lo(7e/ t+e /oor of terra(e) (on(eale/ or /estro,e/ t+e 7e, of t+e terra(e /oor '+i(+ +as not 4een fo-n/ till ,et) 'i2e/ t+e 4loo/ stains on stairs) se(retl, +i/ t+e 0-r/er 'ea2on- one 1olf sti(7 in t+e loft) (leane/ t+e t'o 1olf sti(7s) (on(eale/ an/ t+re' a'a, t+e 0o4ile sets of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/) 7no'in1 'ell t+at 0-r/ers of 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ +a3e 4een (o00itte/. 6ll t+ese t+in1s 'ere /one 4, t+e a((-se/ 'it+ t+e intention to s(reen t+e0sel3es fro0 le1al 2-nis+0ent. 6s s-(+ (+ar1e -n/er se(tion 201 I.P.C. is f-ll, 2ro3e/ a1ainst t+e a((-se/ 2ersons. T+e ne>t (ontention of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ is t+at t+e alle1ation t+at 7e, to t+e lo(7 of terra(e /oor 'as not 0a/e a3aila4le on 1=.0;.2008 an/ it 'as (on(eale/ 4, t+e a((-se/ is not 4orne o-t fro0 t+e e3i/en(e on re(or/ 4e(a-se t+e 7e, alon1 'it+ 4-n(+ of 7e,s al'a,s -se/ to 4e in t+e 2ossession of $e0ra. an/ t+erefore @-estion of 2ro/-(in1 t+e 7e, 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons to t+e
Pa1e 18=
2oli(e /oes not arise an/ as s-(+ t+eir (on/-(t (annot 4e /-44e/ as e3asi3e. T+is ar1-0ent also +as no le1s to stan/. P.!.-1& "r. Ra.i3 D-0ar :ars+ne, +as state/ at 2a1e no. & of +is (rosse>a0ination t+at in +is 2resen(e t+e 7e, of terra(e /oor 'as as7e/ for 4-t it 'as not tra(ea4le. P.!.-14 "r. Ro+it Do(+ar +as also /e2ose/ t+at a 2oli(e0an +a/ as7e/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar to 0a7e a3aila4le t+e 7e, of terra(e /oor 4-t "r. Tal'ar 'ent insi/e t+e flat an/ /i/ not (o0e o-t for (onsi/era4le ti0e. P.!.-2? +as also state/ at 2a1e no. 2 of +is e>a0ination-in-(+ief t+at terra(e /oor 'as fo-n/ lo(7e/ an/ +e +a/ as7e/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar to 2ro3i/e t+e 7e, an/ t+en "r. Tal'ar +a/ tol/ +i0 t+at t+e 7e, is not tra(ea4le an/ t+en +e +a/ /ire(te/ 6.S.P./C.<. 5r. 67+iles+ an/ S.$.<. t+at t+e lo(7 'ill not 4e 4ro7en an/ in (ase t+e 7e, is not a3aila4le t+en it 'ill 4e 4etter to ta7e o-t t+e lo(7 alon1 'it+ t+e lat(+. P.!.-&& S.I. Ba(++- Sin1+ +as also state/ t+at on 17.0;.2008 S.$.<. 5r. Na-neria +a/ as7e/ "r. "ines+ Tal'ar to o2en t+e lo(7 of t+e terra(e /oor 4-t +e +a/ state/ t+at t+e 7e, is not tra(ea4le an/ t+ereafter lo(7 'as 1ot 4ro7en 4, "r. "ines+ Tal'ar. P.!.-&4 S.I. "atara0 Na-neria +as also state/ t+at +e trie/ to 1o to t+e roof t+ro-1+ t+e stairs 4-t t+e terra(e /oor 'as fo-n/ lo(7e/ an/ +e as7e/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar to 0a7e a3aila4le t+e 7e, of t+e lo(7 4-t "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar res2on/e/ t+at t+e 7e, is not a3aila4le an/ +e s+o-l/ not 'aste +is ti0e in 4rea7in1 o2en t+e lo(7 ot+er'ise $e0ra. 'ill flee a'a, an/ t+-s in 3ie' of t+is e3i/en(e t+e ar1-0ent of t+e learne/ (o-nsel is fo-n/ to 4e /a02 s@-i4.
Pa1e 187
T+e 2en-lti0ate s-40ission of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ is t+at "r. "o+re +as 0entione/ in +is re2ort t+at t+e ti0e of t+e /eat+ of 5s. 6ar-s+i is 1 to 11/2 /a,s fro0 t+e ti0e of (on/-(tin1 t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination 4-t in t+e (o-rt +e +as state/ t+at ti0e of /eat+ 'as 12-18 +o-rs fro0 t+e ti0e of (on/-(tin1 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination an/ one /a, is of onl, 12 +o-rs fro0 '+i(+ it is 2ro3e/ t+at "r. "o+re la(7s e>2ertise an/ +is e3i/en(e (annot 4e a((e2te/. It 'as f-rt+er s-40itte/ t+at ".!.-4 "r. R.D. S+ar0a +as (learl, state/ t+at t+e /eat+ of 5s. 6ar-s+i (o-l/ +a3e 4een (a-se/ a4o-t 8-10 +o-rs fro0 t+e ti0e of (on/-(tin1 t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination 4e(a-se in s-00er 0ont+s t+e ri1or 0ortis starts 3er, @-i(7l, an/ after a 2erio/ of fo-r +o-rs fro0 (ons-02tion of foo/) se0i-/i1este/ foo/ (an 4e seen an/ in ne>t t'o +o-rs it (o02letel, 1ets /i1este/ an/ sin(e in t+e sto0a(+ of 5s. 6ar-s+i se0i-/i1est foo/ 'as fo-n/ an/ as s-(+ +er /eat+ +a/ ta7en 2la(e 4-= +o-rs after +a3in1 (ons-0e t+e /inner an/ t+erefore t+e entire e3i/en(e of "r. "o+re is fo-n/ to 4e -n4elie3a4le an/ fra-1+t 'it+ s-s2i(ion. I a1ree 'it+ t+is (ontention to t+e e>tent t+at "r. "o+re +as in(orre(tl, 0entione/ in +is re2ort t+at t+e ti0e of /eat+ of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as 1 to 11/2 /a,s fro0 t+e ti0e of (on/-(tin1 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination an/ one /a, is of onl, 12 +o-rs. T+is (o-rt fails to -n/erstan/ as to '+, t+is 1entle0an +as state/ t+at on /a, is of onl, 12 +o-rs. $o'e3er) t+e re0ainin1 2art of +is e3i/en(e (annot 4e 4r-s+e/ asi/e on t+at 1ro-n/. In Sha4ila A%dul #affar 2han 5S3t.6 *s. *asant +aghunath
Pa1e 188
/ho%le and others 520096 7 SCC 748
it +as
4een +el/ t+at falsit, of a 2arti(-lar 0aterial 'o-l/ not 4e 3itiate t+e entire testi0on, of t+e 'itness (on(erne/. In s-(+ a (ase it is t+e /-t, of t+e (o-rt to se2arate 1rain fro0 (+aff an/ onl, '+en t+at is not feasi4le) t+e (o-rt (an /is(ar/ t+e e3i/en(e in toto. P.!.-; "r. "o+re +as e>2laine/ t+e reasons as to +o' +e +a/ 'ritten in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort t+at /eat+ of 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as 1 to 11/2 /a,s fro0 t+e ti0e of (on/-(tin1 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination. !+en +e 'as @-estione/ 4, t+e (o-rt itself as to +o' t+is ti0e 'as 'ritten 4, +i0 t+en +e state/ t+at t+e /e(ease/ +a/ /ie/ a4o-t 12 <EClo(7 in t+e ni1+t an/ +e +a/ (on/-(te/ 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination at a4o-t 12 oE(lo(7 in t+e noon an/ '+en +e 'as 1oin1 to (o02lete t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort t+en 0e/ia 2ersons (a0e t+ere an/ t+erefore t+e ti0e of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs /eat+ as 1 to 11/2 /a,s 'as 'ritten /o'n in +aste. It is 'ort+'+ile to 0ention +ere t+at 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e not ta7en t+e 2lea t+at /eat+ of 5s. 6ar-s+i /i/ not ta7e 2la(e in t+e 0i/-ni1+t an/ t+erefore if an, 4l-n/er +as 4een (o00itte/ 4, "r. "o+re '+ile re(or/in1 t+e ti0e of /eat+ of 5s. 6ar-s+i in t+e 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination re2ort t+en no 4enefit (an 4e /eri3e/ 4, t+e a((-se/. It is also i02ortant to 0ention +ere t+at e>a(t ti0e of /eat+ (annot 4e state/ 'it+ 0at+e0ati(al a((-ra(, 4, an, /o(tor (on/-(tin1 2ost0orte0 e>a0ination an/ t+ere (an 4e 3ariation of & to 4 +o-rs on eit+er si/e of /eat+. In Jag3ohan and others *s. State of (.). 200< 5<96 ACC 907 5/"6 it 'as +el/ t+at sto0a(+ (ontents of t+e /e(ease/ not 0a7es t+e 2rose(-tion (ase /o-4tf-l.
Pa1e 18?
State of (.). *s. Sar=a Jeet . others 200< 526 Allaha%ad Cri3inal +ulings 14>0 5/"6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at sto0a(+ (ontents (annot 4e /eter0inati3e of ti0e of /eat+. In t+at (ase t+e la' as e>2osite/ in +a3 "ali *s. State of (.). 2004 5486 ACC 4<9 5SC6 Anil Shar3a *s. State of Jhar4hand AI+ 2004 SC 2284 ).). *en4aih *s. State of A.). AI+ 18>< SC 171< and Nihal Singh . others *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 18;< SC 2; +as 4een follo'e/. In Ra0 BaliEs (ase) it 'as +el/ t+at t+e 0e/i(al e3i/en(e is not ,et so 2erfe(t as to 4e a4le to tell t+e 2re(ise ti0e of /eat+ of t+e /e(ease/ in a (o02-terise/ 0at+e0ati(al 0anner on t+e 4asis of sto0a(+ (ontents. T+e ti0e ta7en nor0all, for /i1estin1 foo/) 'o-l/ also /e2en/ -2on t+e @-alit, an/ @-antit, of foo/ as 'ell) 4esi/es ot+ers. T+e ti0e also 3aries a((or/in1 to /i1esti3e (a2a(it,. T+e 2ro(ess of /i1estion is not -nifor0 an/ 3aries fro0 in/i3i/-al to in/i3i/-al an/ t+e +ealt+ of a 2erson at a 2arti(-lar ti0e an/ so 0an, ot+er 3ar,in1 fa(tors. T+e terminus ad uem of t+e learne/ (o-nsel
for t+e a((-se/ is t+at on (-0-lati3e a22re(iation of t+e e3i/en(e as 4ro-1+t on re(or/ t+e 2rose(-tion +as 0isera4l, faile/ to 2ro3e t+e (+ar1es a1ainst t+e a((-se/ 2ersons an/ rat+er fro0 t+e e3i/en(e it is 2ro3e/ t+at t+e 0-r/ers 'ere (o00itte/ 4, so0e ot+er 2erson(s) '+o +a/ 3isite/ $e0ra. in t+e inter3enin1 ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 '+i(+ is (learl, in/i(ate/ 4, t+e 4loo/ fo-n/ on S-la 'ine 4ottle) Din1fis+er 4eer 4ottle an/ S2rite 2lasti( 4ottle seiFe/ fro0 t+e roo0 of $e0ra. an/ t+e (+ain of (ir(-0stan(es +as not 4een (on(atenate/ an/
Pa1e 1?0
+en(e a((-se/ /eser3e to 4e a(@-itte/ of t+e tr-02e/ -2 (+ar1es. I fin/ 0,self (o02letel, in /isa1ree0ent 'it+ t+e sai/ (ontention of t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/. <f (o-rse) t+ere is no /ire(t e3i/en(e in t+is (ase 4-t as /is(-sse/ a4o3e it is (lear t+at t+e 2rose(-tion +as 2la(e/ a (lin(+in1 'ealt+ of (ir(-0stan(es fro0 '+i(+ t+e 1-ilt of 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ +as 4een 0a/e o-t to t+e e>tent +-0an instr-0ents (an a22re+en/. Re(on/ite 2ossi4ilit, of alternati3e +,2ot+esis as 2-t for'ar/ 4, t+e a((-se/ (annot 4e a((e2te/. In 2he3 2aran *s. State of (.). AI+ 1874 SC 1<;7 59JJ6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at neit+er 0ere 2ossi4ilities nor re0ote 2ossi4ilities reasona4le nor (an) 0ere /o-4ts '+i(+ are to not t+e 'it+o-t /an1er
a/0inistration of .-sti(e) 4e t+e fo-n/ation of t+e a(@-ittal of an a((-se/ 2erson) if t+ere is ot+er'ise fairl, (re/i4le testi0on,. 8ro0 t+e e3i/en(e as ten/ere/ 4, t+e 2rose(-tion in for0 of oral an/ /o(-0entar, e3i/en(e t+is (o-rt rea(+es to t+e irresisti4le an/ i02e((a4le (on(l-sion t+at onl, t+e a((-se/ 2ersons are res2onsi4le for (o00ittin1 t+is 1+astl, (ri0e as t+e follo'in1 (ir(-0stan(es -nerrin1l, 2oint to'ar/s t+e +,2ot+esis of 1-ilt of t+e a((-se/1)T+at irrefra1a4l, in t+e fatef-l ni1+t of
1;/1=.0;.2008 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 'ere last seen 'it+ 4ot+ t+e /e(ease/ in 8lat No. #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar at a4o-t ?.&0 P.5. 4, %0es+ S+ar0a) t+e /ri3er of "r. Ra.es+ Tal'arM
Pa1e 1?1
2)-
T+at in t+e 0ornin1 of 1=.0;.2008 at a4o-t =.00 6.5. 5s. 6ar-s+i 'as fo-n/ 0-r/ere/ in +er 4e/-roo0 '+i(+ 'as a/.a(ent to t+e 4e/roo0 of t+e a((-se/ an/ t+ere 'as onl, 2artition 'all 4et'een t'o 4e/-roo0sM
&)-
T+at t+e /ea/ 4o/, of t+e ser3ant $e0ra. 'as fo-n/ l,in1 in t+e 2ool of 4loo/ on t+e terra(e of flat no. #-&2) 9al3a,- :i+ar on 17.0;.2008 an/ t+e /oor of terra(e 'as fo-n/ lo(7e/ fro0 insi/eM
4)-
T+at t+ere is a (lose 2ro>i0it, 4et'een t+e 2oint of ti0e '+en 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ an/ t+e /e(ease/ 2ersons 'ere last seen to1et+er ali3e an/ t+e /e(ease/ 'ere 0-r/ere/ in t+e inter3enin1 ni1+t of 1;/1=.0;.2008 an/ as s-(+ t+e ti0e is so s0all t+at 2ossi4ilit, of an, ot+er 2erson(s) ot+er t+an t+e a((-se/ 4ein1 t+e a-t+ors of t+e (ri0e 4e(o0es i02ossi4leM
;)-
T+at t+e /oor of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 4e/-roo0 'as fitte/ 'it+ a-to0ati( (li(7-s+-t lo(7. P.!.-2? 5a+es+ D-0ar 5is+ra t+e t+en S.P. (Cit,)) N.<.I.".6. +as /e2ose/ t+at '+en +e tal7e/ to "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar on 1=.0;.2008 in t+e 0ornin1) +e +a/ tol/ +i0 t+at in t+e 2re(e/in1 ni1+t at a4o-t 11.&0 P.5. +e +a/ 1one to slee2 'it+ t+e 7e, after lo(7in1 t+e /oor of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 4e/-roo0 fro0 o-tsi/e. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e a/0itte/ t+at /oor of 5s. 6ar-s+iEs 4e/-roo0 'as +a3in1 a-to0ati(-(li(7s+-t lo(7 li7e t+at of a +otel) '+i(+ (o-l/ not 4e o2ene/ fro0 o-tsi/e 'it+o-t 7e, 4-t (o-l/ 4e o2ene/ fro0 insi/e 'it+o-t 7e,. No e>2lanation +as 4een offere/ 4, t+e a((-se/ as to +o' t+e
Pa1e 1?2
lo(7 of 5s. 6ar-s+iBs roo0 'as o2ene/ an/ 4, '+o0M
=)-
T+at t+e internet re0aine/ a(ti3e in t+e ni1+t of t+e 1or, in(i/ent s-11estin1 t+at at least one of t+e a((-se/ re0aine/ a'a7eM
7)-
T+at
t+ere
is
not+in1
to
s+o'
t+at
an
o-tsi/er(s) (a0e insi/e t+e +o-se in t+e sai/ ni1+t after ?.&0 P.5.M 8)T+at t+ere 'as no /isr-2tion in t+e s-22l, of ele(tri(it, in t+at ni1+tM ?)T+at no 2erson 'as seen loiterin1 near t+e flats in s-s2i(io-s (ir(-0stan(es in t+at ni1+tM 10)- T+at t+ere is no e3i/en(e of for(i4le entr, of an, o-tsi/er(s) in t+e flat in t+e ni1+t of o((-rren(eM 11)- T+at t+ere is no e3i/en(e of an, lar(eno-s a(t in t+e flatM 12)T+at in t+e 0ornin1 of 1=t+ 0a, 2008 '+en t+e 0ai/ (a0e to flat for t+e 2-r2ose of (leanin1 an/ 0o2in1 a false 2rete>t 'as 0a/e 4, "r. N-2-r Tal'ar t+at /oor 0i1+t +a3e 4een lo(7e/ fro0 o-tsi/e 4, t+e ser3ant $e0ra. alt+o-1+ it 'as not lo(7e/ or lat(+e/ fro0 o-tsi/eM 1&)- T+at t+e +o-se 0ai/ B+arti 5an/al +as no '+ere state/ t+at '+en s+e (a0e insi/e t+e flat 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 'ere fo-n/ 'ee2in1M 14)- T+at fro0 t+e testi0on, of B+arti 5an/al it is 0anifestl, (lear t+at '+en s+e rea(+e/ t+e flat an/ tal7e/ to "r. N-2-r Tal'ar t+en at t+at
Pa1e 1?&
ti0e s+e +a/ not (o02laine/ a4o-t t+e 0-r/er of +er /a-1+ter an/ rat+er s+e tol/ t+e 0ai/ /eli4eratel, t+at $e0ra. 0i1+t +a3e 1one to fet(+ 0il7 fro0 5ot+er /air, after lo(7in1 t+e 'oo/en /oor fro0 o-tsi/e. T+is la(7 of s2ontaneit, is rele3ant -n/er se(tion 8 of t+e 3i/en(e 6(tM 1;)- T+at t+e (lot+es of 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 'ere not fo-n/ soa7e/ 'it+ t+e 4loo/. It is +i1+l, -nnat-ral t+at 2arents of /e(ease/ 5s. 6ar-s+i 'ill not (lin1 to an/ +-1 +er on seein1 +er 0-r/ere/M 1=)- T+at no o-tsi/er(s) 'ill /are to ta7e $e0ra. to t+e terra(e in se3erel, in.-re/ (on/ition an/ t+ereafter sear(+ o-t a lo(7 to 4e 2la(e/ in t+e /oor of t+e terra(eM 17)- T+at it is not 2ossi4le t+at an o-tsi/er(s) after (o00ittin1 t+e 0-r/ers 'ill 0-ster (o-ra1e to ta7e S(ot(+ '+is7, 7no'in1 t+at t+e 2arents of t+e /e(ease/ 5s. 6ar-s+i are in t+e near4, roo0 an/ +is to2 2riorit, 'ill 4e to r-n a'a, fro0 t+e (ri0e s(ene i00e/iatel,M 18)- T+at no o-tsi/er(s) 'ill 4ot+er to ta7e t+e 4o/, of $e0ra. to t+e terra(e. 5oreo3er) a sin1le 2erson (annot ta7e t+e 4o/, to t+e terra(eM 1?)- T+at t+e /oor of t+e terra(e 'as ne3er lo(7e/ 2rior to t+e o((-rren(e 4-t it 'as fo-n/ lo(7e/ in t+e 0ornin1 of 1=.0;.2008 an/ t+e a((-se/ /i/ not 1i3e t+e 7e, of t+e lo(7 to t+e 2oli(e /es2ite 4ein1 as7e/ to 1i3e t+e sa0eM
Pa1e 1?4
20)- T+at t+e a((-se/ +a3e ta7en 2lea in t+e state0ents -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. t+at a4o-t 8-10 /a,s 4efore t+e o((-rren(e 2aintin1 of (l-ster +a/ starte/ an/ t+e na33ies -se/ to ta7e 'ater fro0 'ater tan7 2la(e/ on t+e terra(e of t+e flat an/ t+en $e0ra. +a/ starte/ lo(7in1 t+e /oor of t+e terra(e an/ t+e 7e, of t+at lo(7 re0aine/ 'it+ +i0. If it 'as so t+en it 'as not easil, 2ossi4le for an o-tsi/er to fin/ o-t t+e 7e, of t+e lo(7 of terra(e /oorM 21)- T+at if an o-tsi/er(s) 0a, +a3e (o00itte/ t+e (ri0e in @-estion after lo(7in1 t+e /oor of terra(e an/ +a/ 1one o-t of t+e flat t+en t+e o-ter 0ost 0es+ /oor or 0i//le 0es+ /oor 0-st +a3e 4een fo-n/ lat(+e/ fro0 o-tsi/eM 22)- T+at t+e 0oti3e of (o00ission of t+e (ri0e +as 4een esta4lis+e/M 2&)- T+at it is not 2ossi4le t+at after (o00ission of t+e (ri0e an o-tsi/er(s) 'ill /ress--2 t+e (ri0e s(eneM 24)- T+at 1olf-(l-4 no. ; 'as t+ro'n in t+e loft after (o00ission of t+e (ri0e an/ t+e sa0e 'as 2ro/-(e/ after 0an, 0ont+s 4, t+e a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'arM 2;)- T+at 2attern of +ea/ an/ ne(7 in.-ries of 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 2ersons are al0ost si0ilar in nat-re an/ (an 4e (a-se/ 4, 1olf-(l-4 an/ s(al2el res2e(ti3el,M 2=)- T+at t+e a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar 'as a 0e04er of t+e Colf-Cl-4) N.<.I.".6. an/ 1olf(l-4s 'ere 2ro/-(e/ 4, +i0 4efore t+e C.B.I.
Pa1e 1?;
an/ s(al2el is -se/ 4, t+e /entists an/ 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ are /entists 4, 2rofessionM T+e 0anner in '+i(+ t+e 0-r/ers 'ere (o00itte/ is not t+e +an/i'or7 of sin1le a((-se/ an/ rat+er t+e 0-r/ers 'ere (o00itte/ an/ e3i/en(e /estro,e/ 4, 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ in f-rt+eran(e of t+eir (o00on intention '+i(+ is a22arent fro0 t+e fa(ts an/ (ir(-0stan(es as /is(-sse/ a4o3e. In "arendra 2u3ar #hosh *s. 2ing 13peror AI+ 182< )C 1 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at in (ri0e as 'ell as in life) +e also ser3es '+o 0erel, stan/s an/ 'aits. In +ishi /e= )ande7 *s. State of (.). AI+ 18<< SC 991 59JJ6 it 'as +el/ t+at it is not ne(essar, to a//-(e /ire(t e3i/en(e of t+e (o00on intention. In/ee/) in 0an, (ases it 0a, 4e i02ossi4le to /o so. T+e (o00on intention 0a, 4e inferre/ fro0 s-rro-n/in1 (ir(-0stan(es an/ (on/-(t of t+e 2arties. In &aI3an *s. State of 0aharashtra AI+ 1874 SC 1>09 59JJ6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at intention to 7ill (an 4e inferre/ fro0 t+e n-04er an/ nat-re of t+e in.-ries (a-se/ to t+e /e(ease/. In 'arshad Singh )ahel-an Singh Tha4ore *s. State of #u,arat 5187;6 4 SCC ;40 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at (on.oint (o02li(it, is t+e ine3ita4le inferen(e '+en a 1or, 1ro-2 ani0ate/ 4, let+al intent a((o02lis+ t+eir 2-r2ose (-0-lati3el,. Se(tion &4 I.P.C. silen(es fi>in1 s-(+ (onstr-(ti3e a refine/ lia4ilit, 2lea of (on(l-si3el,
e>tri(ation. #or/ S-0nerBs Classi( #e1al S+ort $an/ for (onstr-(ti3e (ri0inal lia4ilit,) e>2resse/ in t+e 5iltoni( :erse Bthe7 also ser=e -ho onl7 stand and -aitC a !ortiori e04ra(es (ases of (o00on intent instantl, for0e/) tri11erin1 a 2l-ralit, of
Pa1e 1?=
2ersons into an a/3ent-re in (ri0inalit,) so0e +ittin1) so0e 0issin1) so0e s2littin1 +ostile +ea/s) so0e s2ittin1 /ro2s of 4loo/. C-ilt 1oes 'it+ (o00-nit, of intent (o-2le/ 'it+ 2arti(i2ator, 2resen(e or o2eration. No finer .-risti( ni(eties (an 4e 2resse/ into ser3i(e to n-llif, or .ettison t+e 2lain 2-niti3e 2-r2ose of t+e 2enal (o/e. In 2rishna . others *s. State 520096 7 SCC <; it +as 4een +el/ t+at a(ts of all a((-se/ nee/ not 4e t+e sa0e or i/enti(all, si0ilar. T+e, 0-st 4e a(t-ate/ 4, one an/ t+e sa0e (o00on intention. T+e reason '+, all are /ee0e/ 1-ilt, in s-(+ (ases is t+at t+e 2resen(e of a((o02li(e 1i3es en(o-ra1e0ent) s-22ort an/ 2rote(tion to t+e 2erson a(t-all, (o00ittin1 t+e a(t. T+e 2ro3ision e04o/ies t+e (o00on sense 2rin(i2le t+at if t'o or 0ore 2ersons intentionall, /o a t+in1 .ointl,) it is .-st t+e sa0e as if ea(+ of t+e0 +a/ /one it in/i3i/-all,. In Surendra Chauhan *s. State of 0.). 520006 4 SCC 110 it +as 4een +el/ t+at to a22l, se(tion &4) a2art fro0 t+e fa(t t+at t+ere s+o-l/ 4e t'o or 0ore a((-se/) t'o fa(tors 0-st 4e esta4lis+e/J(i)(o00on intention an/ (ii) 2arti(i2ation of t+e a((-se/ in t+e (o00ission of an offen(e. If a (o00on intention is 2ro3e/ 4-t no o3ert a(t is attri4-te/ to t+e in/i3i/-al a((-se/ se(tion &4 'ill 4e attra(te/ as essentiall, it in3ol3es a 3i(ario-s lia4ilit, 4-t if t+e 2arti(i2ation of t+e a((-se/ in t+e (ri0e is 2ro3e/ an/ a (o00on intention is a4sent) se(tion &4 (annot 4e in3o7e/. %n/er se(tion &4 a 2erson 0-st 4e 2+,si(all, 2resent at t+e a(t-al (o00ission of t+e (ri0e for t+e 2-r2ose of fa(ilitatin1 or 2ro0otin1 an offen(e. S-(+ 2resen(e of t+ose '+o in one 'a, or t+e ot+er
Pa1e 1?7
fa(ilitate t+e e>e(-tion of (o00on /esi1n is itself tanta0o-nt to a(t-al 2arti(i2ation in t+e (ri0inal a(t. No /ire(t e3i/en(e of (o00on intention is ne(essar,. 8or t+e 2-r2ose of (o00on intention e3en t+e 2arti(i2ation in (o00ission of offen(e nee/ not 4e 2ro3e/ in all (ases. T+e (o00on intention (an /e3elo2 e3en /-rin1 t+e (o-rse of an o((-rren(e. In Jana4 Singh *s. State of (.). 2004 Cr.&.J. 2<99 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at se(tion &4 I.P.C. is a22li(a4le e3en if no in.-r, is (a-se/ 4, a 2arti(-lar a((-se/. In &allan +ai *s. State of "ihar 520096 1 SCC 2;> rel,in1 -2on t+e /i(t-0 lai/ /o'n in "arendra 2u3ar #hosh *s. 2ing 13peror AI+ 182< )C 1 and 0ohan Singh *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 18;9 SC 174 it 'as +el/ t+at essen(e of se(tion &4 is si0-ltaneo-s (onsens-s of t+e 0in/ of 2ersons 2arti(i2atin1 in t+e (ri0inal a(tion to 4rin1 a4o-t a 2arti(-lar res-lt. It +as 4een state/ t+at s-(+ (onsens-s (an 4e /e3elo2e/ on t+e s2ot 4-t in an, (ase) s-(+ a (onsens-s 0-st 4e 2resent in t+e (o00ission of t+e (ri0e itself. In t+at (ase t+e la' as lai/ /o'n in Asho4 2u3ar *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 1877 SC 108 an/ 0ah%oo% Shah *s. 13peror AI+ 184< )C 11> 'as follo'e/. In 'ar%ans 2aur . others *s. State of 'ar7ana 200< 526 SCJ!<42D 5200<6 8 SCC 18< it +as 4een +el/ t+at if t'o or 0ore 2ersons intentionall, /o an a(t .ointl, 2osition of la' is .-st t+e sa0e as if ea(+ of t+e0 +as /one it in/i3i/-all, 4, +i0self. In Shree 2antiah +a3a77a 0unipalli *s. State of "o3%a7 AI+ 18<< SC 2>7 Tu4ara3 #anpat )andare *s. State of AI+ 1874 SC <14 Surendra
Pa1e 1?8
0aharashtra
Chandran *s. State of 0.). 2000 SCC 5Crl.6 772 Suresh and others *s. State of (.). 2001 SCC 5Crl.6 ;01 +a,u )andurang 0ahale *s. State of 0aharashtra 520046 2 AC1 941 "ishna *s. State of :est "engal 5200<6 12 SCC ;<7 Surinder Singh A Chhinda *s. State of )un,a% 200; 596 AC+ 274< 5SC6 it 'as +el/ t+at for a22li(ation of se(tion &4 (o00on intention no o3ert a(t of t+e a((-se/ is ne(essar,. In "al-ant Singh *s. State of )un,a% 520086 2 SCC 5Crl.6 204) it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at '+en 0an, 2ersons 1o to1et+er ar0e/ 'it+ /ea/l, 'ea2ons an/ fatal in.-ries are (a-se/ to t+e /e(ease/) all of t+e0 are e@-all, lia4le in 3ie' of se(tion &4 I.P.C. In 'ari +a3 *s. State of (.). 2004 596 Allaha%ad Cri3inal +ulings 20;1 5SC6 and Anil Shar3a *s. State of Jhar4hand 2004 596 Allaha%ad Cri3inal +ulings 228< 5SC6 A3it Singh "hi4a3 Singh Tha4ur *s. State of 0aharashtra 520076 2 SCC 910 and Cha3an *s. State of (ttaranchal AI+ 2008 SC 109; it +as 4een +el/ t+at se(tion &4 I.P.C. is a22li(a4le e3en if no in.-r, +as 4een (a-se/ 4, t+e 2arti(-lar a((-se/ +i0self. 8or a22l,in1 se(tion &4 I.P.C. it is not ne(essar, to s+o' so0e o3ert a(t on t+e 2art of t+e a((-se/. In t+ese (ases t+e la' as lai/ /o'n in :illie 5:illia36 Slane7 *s. State of 0.). AI+ 18<; SC 11; /hanna *s. State of 0.). AI+ 188; SC 247> and Ch. )ulla +edd7 *s. State of Andhra )radesh AI+ 1889 SC 1>88 -as relied on. In )ara3 Jit Singh A 0ithu Singh *s. State of )un,a% 200> 516 AC+ 10>2 5SC6 and Se-a +a3 . others *s. State of (.). 200> SCCr+ ;18 it 'as a1ain +el/ t+at '+en
Pa1e 1??
se3eral 'o-n/s 'ere fo-n/ on t+e 4o/, of t+e /e(ease/ an/ t+ere is no e3i/en(e as to '+i(+ in.-r, 'as (a-se/ 4, '+i(+ a((-se/) se(tion &4 I.P.C. is a22li(a4le e3en if no in.-r, +as 4een (a-se/ 4, t+e 2arti(-lar a((-se/. It 'as f-rt+er +el/ t+at for a22l,in1 se(tion &4 I.P.C. it is not ne(essar, to s+o' so0e o3ert a(t 4, t+e a((-se/. 6s it ori1inall, stoo/ se(tion &4 'as in t+e follo'in1 ter0s:A!+en a (ri0inal a(t is /one 4, se3eral 2ersons) ea(+ of s-(+ 2ersons is lia4le for t+at a(t in t+e sa0e 0anner as if t+e a(t 'as /one 4, +i0 alone.K In 1870) it 'as a0en/e/ 4, insertion of t+e 'or/s- Ain f-rt+eran(e of t+e (o00on intention of allK) after t+e 'or/ I2ersonsB an/ 4efore t+e 'or/ Iea(+B) so as to 0a7e t+e o4.e(t of se(tion &4 (learK. T+is 2osition 'as note/ in 0ah%oo% Shah *s. 13peror AI+ 184< )C 11>. In 0ohan Singh *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 18;9 SC 174 an/ +a3 /e= 2ahar *s. State of "ihar 2008 516 JIC 740 5SC6 it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at 2rose(-tion is not re@-ire/ to a//-(e /ire(t e3i/en(e as re1ar/s for0ation of (o00on intention. It 0-st 4e inferre/ fro0 s-rro-n/in1 (ir(-0stan(es. !+en a (o00on intention is 2ro3e/ ea(+ of t+e 2ersons s+o'in1 t+e (o00on intention is (onstr-(ti3el, lia4le for t+e (ri0inal a(t /one 4, one of t+e0. In +ohtas *s. State of +a,asthan 5200;6 12 SCC ;4 it +as 4een +el/ t+at (o00on intention to (o00it a (ri0e (an 4e 1at+ere/ fro0 t+e totalit, of t+e (ir(-0stan(es. In I3tia$ *s. State of (.). 2007 526 Cri3es 1<8 5SC) it +as 4een +el/ t+at (o00on intention 0a, /e3elo2 on t+e s2ot a0on1 t+e a((-se/ an/ a 2re-(on(ert in sense of /istin(t
Pa1e 200
2re3io-s 2lan is not ne(essar, to attra(t se(tion &4 I.P.C. In t+at (ase t+e la' as en-n(iate/ in State of (.). *s. Ifti4har 2han . others 518796 1 SCC <12 'as follo'e/. In +a3 Tahal *s. State of (.). 518726 1 SCC 19; an/ State of +a,asthan *s. Sho%ha +a3 2019 5>16 ACC 4;; 5SC6 it 'as +el/ t+at a state of 0in/ of an a((-se/ (an 4e inferre/ o4.e(ti3el, fro0 +is (on/-(t /is2la,e/ in t+e (o-rse of (o00ission of (ri0e an/ also fro0 2rior an/ s-4se@-ent atten/ant (ir(-0stan(es. T+e sa0e 2rin(i2le of la' +as 4een lai/ /o'n in +a3a S-a37 A77angar and others *s. State of T.N. 5187;6 9 SCC 778 Nadodi Ja7a +a3an . others *s. State of T.N. 518826 9 SCC 1;1 Suresh *s. State of (.). 2001 5426 ACC 770 5SC6 +a3esh Singh *s. State of A.). 520046 11 SCC 90< and Sar=anan and others *s. State of )ondicherr7 520046 19 SCC 29>. In 'ari +a3 *s. State of (.). 520046 > SCC 14; it 'as o4ser3e/ t+at e>isten(e of /ire(t 2roof of (o00on intention is sel/o0 a3aila4le an/ t+erefore) s-(+ intention (an onl, 4e inferre/ fro0 t+e (ir(-0stan(es a22earin1 fro0 t+e 2ro3e/ fa(ts of t+e (ase an/ t+e 2ro3e/ (ir(-0stan(es. In /harni /har *s. State of (.). 520106 7 SCC 7<8 it +as 4een +el/ t+at it is not 0an/ator, for t+e 2rose(-tion to 4rin1 /ire(t e3i/en(e of (o00on intention on re(or/. It is also not ne(essar, for t+e 2rose(-tion to esta4lis+ t+at t+ere 'as 2re-0eetin1 of 0in/s an/ 2lannin1 4efore (ri0e 'as (o00itte/. Se(tion &4 in3ol3es 3i(ario-s lia4ilit, an/ t+erefore) if intention is 2ro3e/ 4-t no o3ert a(t is (o00itte/) t+e se(tion (an still 4e in3o7e/. Re(entl, in #oudappa and others =
Pa1e 201
State of 2arnata4a 520196 9 SCC ;7<) it +as 4een +el/ t+at or/inaril, e3er, 0an is res2onsi4le (ri0inall, onl, for a (ri0inal a(t /one 4, +i0. No 0an (an 4e +el/ res2onsi4le for an in/e2en/ent a(t an/ 'ron1 (o00itte/ 4, ot+er. $o'e3er) Se(tion &4 0a7es an e>(e2tion to t+is 2rin(i2le. It la,s a 2rin(i2le of .oint lia4ilit, in /oin1 of a (ri0inal a(t. ssen(e of t+at lia4ilit, is to 4e fo-n/ in e>isten(e of (o00on intention) ani0atin1 a((-se/ lea/in1 to /oin1 of a (ri0inal a(t in f-rt+eran(e of s-(+ intention. It /eals 'it+ /oin1 of se2arate a(ts) si0ilar or a/3erse 4, se3eral 2ersons) if all are /one in f-rt+eran(e of (o00on intention. In s-(+ sit-ation ea(+ 2erson is lia4le for t+e res-lt of t+at) as if +e +a/ /one t+at a(t +i0self. Co00on intention is to 4e 1at+ere/ fro0 t+e 0anner in '+i(+ t+e (ri0e +as 4een (o00itte/) (on/-(t of a((-se/ soon 4efore an/ after o((-rren(e) t+e /eter0ination an/ (on(ern 'it+ '+i(+ (ri0e 'as (o00itte/) 'ea2on (arrie/ 4, t+e a((-se/ an/ fro0 nat-re of in.-r, (a-se/ 4, one or so0e of t+e0. T+erefore) for arri3in1 at a (on(l-sion '+et+er t+e a((-se/ +a/ t+e (o00on intention to (o00it an offen(e of '+i(+ t+e, (o-l/ 4e (on3i(te/) t+e totalit, of t+e (ir(-0stan(es 0-st 4e ta7en into (onsi/eration. %n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e /enie/ in(ri0inatin1 (ir(-0stan(es a22earin1 a1ainst t+e0. In Joseph *s. State of 2erala AI+ 2000 SC 1;0> 59JJ6 *asa Chandra She4har +ao *s. )onna Sat7anara7ana AI+ 2000 SC 219> #eetha *s. State of 2arnata4a AI+ 2000 SC 947< an/ Afta% Ah3ad Ansari *s. State of (ttaranchal 520106 2 SCC <>9 it +as 4een +el/
Pa1e 202
t+at 4l-nt an/ o-tri1+t /enial of e3er,one an/ all in(ri0inatin1 (ir(-0stan(es 4, t+e a((-se/ 2ro3i/es 0issin1 lin7s to (onne(t +i0 'it+ /eat+ an/ t+e (a-se for /eat+ of t+e 3i(ti0. In Santosh 2u3ar Singh *s. State through C"I 520106 8 SCC 747 5)ri7adarshini 0attooJs case6 it +as a1ain 4een +el/ t+at if in (ase of (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e false 2lea is ta7en 4, t+e a((-se/ t+en it 'ill 4e anot+er lin7 in t+e (+ain of (ir(-0stan(es. In Sahade=an A Sagade=an *s. State 2009 SCC 5Crl.6 9>2 it +as 4een +el/ t+at false state0ents 0a/e 4, t+e a((-se/ to 2rose(-tion 'itness (o-l/ 4e ta7en as a (ir(-0stan(e a1ainst t+e a((-se/. In Anthon7 /Jsou$a and others *s. State of 2arnata4a 2009 54;6 ACC 91> it +as 4een +el/ 4, a Ben(+ of $onB4le t+ree 9-/1es t+at false ans'ers to t+e @-estions in t+e state0ent -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. (o-l/ 4e treate/ as 0issin1 lin7 in t+e (+ain. In t+at (ase) t+e la' as 2ro2o-n/e/ in S-apna )atra *s. State of :est "engal 5188868 SCC 242 State of 0aharashtra *s.
Suresh 2000 5406 ACC 224 5SC6 an/ 2uldeep Singh *s. State of +a,asthan 2000 5416 ACC 4> 5SC!9JJ6 +as 4een follo'e/. In Surendra Chauhan *s. State of 0.). 520006 4 SCC 110 and +a,esh #o=ind Jagesha *s. State of 0aharashtra 518886 > SCC 42> it +as 4een +el/ t+at '+en e>2lanation of t+e a((-se/ -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. is in(onsistent 'it+ t+e (on/-(t an/ a22ears to 4e 2al2a4l, false) it (annot 4e a((e2te/. In )udhu +a,a *s. State 2012 5786 ACC ;42 5SC6 it +as 4een +el/ t+at it is o4li1ator, on 2art of a((-se/ to
Pa1e 20&
f-rnis+ e>2lanation in
+is e>a0ination -n/er
se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. S-(+ e>2lanation to 4e ta7en note of 4, t+e (o-rt to /e(i/e '+et+er (+ain of (ir(-0stan(es is (o02lete or not. In 0unish 0u%ar *s. State of 'ar7ana 520126 10 SCC 4;4 it +as 4een +el/ t+at it is o4li1ator, on t+e 2art of t+e a((-se/ '+ile 4ein1 e>a0ine/ -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. to f-rnis+ so0e e>2lanation 'it+ res2e(t to in(ri0inatin1 (ir(-0stan(es asso(iate/ 'it+ +i0. Co-rt 0-st ta7e note of s-(+ e>2lanation e3en in a (ase of (ir(-0stantial e3i/en(e so as to /e(i/e '+et+er (+ain of (ir(-0stan(es is (o02lete. In /r. Sunil Clifford /aniel *s. State of )un,a% 2012 Cr.&.J. 4;<7 5SC6 an/ Neel 2u3ar A Anil 2u3ar *s. State of 'ar7ana 2012 526 AC+ 1744 5SC6 it +as a1ain 4een +el/ t+at fail-re of a((-se/ to e>2lain in(-l2atin1 (ir(-0stan(es a22earin1 a1ainst +i0 or 1i3in1 false ans'er in e>a0ination -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. 2ro3i/es 0issin1 lin7 in (+ain of (ir(-0stan(es. In 0unna 2u3ar (padh7a7a A 0unna (padha7a7a *s. State of A.). AI+ 2012 SC 2470 Jagroop Singh *s. State of )un,a% AI+ 2012 SC 2;00 An,u Chaudhar7 *s. State of (.). 520196 ; SCC 9>4 an/ in 'ari *adan "a%u "hai )atel *s. State of #u,arat 520196 7 SCC 4< it +as 4een +el/ t+at fail-re to offer a22ro2riate e>2lanation or a false ans'er (an 4e (o-nte/ as 2ro3i/in1 0issin1 lin7 for 4-il/in1 (+ain of (ir(-0stan(es.
Pa1e 204
In *ishnu )rasad Sinha *s. State of Assa3 2007 Cr.&.J. 114< 5SC6 N.*. Su%%arao *s. State 2019 516 SCCr+ 10 it +as 4een +el/ t+at state0ent -n/er se(tion &1& Cr.P.C. (an 4e rele3ant (onsi/eration for t+e (o-rts to e>a0ine 2arti(-larl, '+en t+e 2rose(-tion +as 4een a4le to esta4lis+ t+e (+ain of e3i/en(e. No' is t+e ti0e to sa, o0e1a in t+is (ase. To 2erorate) it is 2ro3e/ 4e,on/ reasona4le /o-4t t+at t+e a((-se/ are t+e 2er2etrators of t+e (ri0e in @-estion. T+e 2arents are t+e 4est 2rote(tors of t+eir o'n (+il/ren- t+at is t+e or/er of +-0an nat-re 4-t t+ere +a3e 4een frea7s in t+e +istor, of 0an7in/ '+en t+e fat+er an/ 0ot+er 4e(a0e t+e 7iller of t+eir o'n 2ro1en,. T+e, +a3e e>tir2ate/ t+eir o'n /a-1+ter '+o +a/ +ar/l, seen 14 s-00ers of +er life an/ t+e ser3ant 'it+o-t (o02-n(tion fro0 terrestrial terrain in 4rea(+ of Co00an/0ent LThou shall not 4illL an/ in.-n(tion of $ol, Q-ran- BTa4e not life -hich #od has 3ade sacredC. T+e, are also fo-n/ 1-ilt, of se(retin1 an/ o4literatin1 t+e e3i/en(e of t+e (o00ission of t+e 0-r/ers to s(reen t+e0sel3es fro0 le1al 2-nis+0ent. In a//ition to t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar is also fo-n/ 1-ilt, of f-rnis+in1 false infor0ation to t+e 2oli(e re1ar/in1 t+e 0-r/er of +is /a-1+ter 4, $e0ra..
^ /keksZ j{k~fr jf{kr% *
i.e. if 'e 2rote(t A"+ar0aK)
"+ar0a 'ill 2rote(t -s. If 'e 2rote(t A#a'K) la' 'ill 2rote(t -s. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e flo-te/ t+e fero(io-s 2enal la' of t+e lan/ an/ t+erefore) lia4le to 4e (on3i(te/ -n/er se(tions &02 r/' &4) 201 r/' &4 I.P.C. In a//ition to t+at "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar is also lia4le to 4e (on3i(te/ -n/er se(tion 20& I.P.C. T+e,
Pa1e 20;
are on 4ail. T+eir 4ail is (an(elle/ an/ s-reties are /is(+ar1e/. #et 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ 4e ta7en into (-sto/, an/ sent to .ail. 8ile 4e 2-t -2on 2=.11.201& for +earin1 on senten(e. T+e a((-se/ s+all 4e 2ro/-(e/ in t+e (o-rt on t+e ne>t /ate. "ate/:
5S.&al6 6//l. Sessions 9-/1e/ S2e(ial 9-/1e 6nti-Corr-2tion) (C.B.I.)) C+aFia4a/.
9-/10ent si1ne/) /ate/ an/ 2rono-n(e/ in t+e o2en (o-rt to/a,. "ate/: 5S.&al6 6//l. Sessions 9-/1e/ S2e(ial 9-/1e 6nti-Corr-2tion) (C.B.I.)) C+aFia4a/.
2;.11.2019 8ile 2-t -2 to/a,. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ +a3e 4een 2ro/-(e/ in (o-rt fro0 .ail. $ear/ t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ an/ t+e learne/ Senior P-4li( Prose(-tor on @-ant-0 of senten(e an/ 2er-se/ t+e re(or/s. It +as 0ost (o00iseratin1l, 4een s-40itte/ 4, t+e learne/ (o-nsel for t+e a((-se/ t+at in 3ie' of t+e fin/in1s 1i3en in res2e(t of 1ra3e an/ s-//en 2ro3o(ation) /estr-(tion of e3i/en(e an/ f-rnis+in1 false infor0ation to t+e 2oli(e t+e (ase /oes not fall -n/er t+e (ate1or, of Irarest of rare (aseB an/ t+erefore) lenit, 0a, 4e s+o'n '+ile a'ar/in1 t+e 2-nis+0ent. Per (ontra it 'as s-40itte/ 4, t+e learne/ Senior P-4li( Prose(-tor t+at t+e 0anner in '+i(+ t+e a((-se/ (o00itte/ t+e 0-r/er (alls for e>tre0e 2enalt,. I +a3e (onsi/ere/ t+e s-40issions of 4ot+ t+e si/es. In State of Darnata7a :s. Dris+na22a (2000) 4 SCC 7; (&99) it 'as +el/ AT+e (o-rts are e>2e(te/ to 2ro2erl, o2erate t+e senten(in1 s,ste0 an/ to i02ose s-(+ senten(es for a 2ro3e/ offen(e) '+i(+
Pa1e 20=
0a, ser3e as a /eterrent for t+e (o00ission of li7e offen(es 4, ot+ers.K T+o0as Ree/ Po'ell on(e sai/) A9-/1es +a3e 2referen(es for so(ial 2oli(ies as ,o- an/ I. T+e, for0 t+eir .-/10ent after t+e 3ar,in1 fas+ions in '+i(+ ,o- an/ I for0 o-rs. T+e, +a3e +an/s) or1ans) /i0ensions) senses) affe(tions) 2assions. T+e, are 'ar0e/ 4, t+e sa0e 'inter an/ s-00er an/ 4, t+e sa0e i/eas as a la,0an is.K 9-sti(e 9o+n Clar7e +as also state/) AI +a3e ne3er 7no'n an, .-/1es N.. '+o /is(+ar1e/ t+eir .-/i(ial /-ties in an at0os2+ere of 2-re) -na/-lterate/ reason. 6lasR !e are all t+e (o00on 1ro't+ of t+e 5ot+er- art+ e3en t+ose of -s '+o 'ear t+e lon1 ro4es.K In S-r.it Sin1+ :s. Na+ara Ra0 an/ ot+ers (2004)= SCC ;1&S6IR 2004 SC 4122 it 'as +el/ AT+e la' re1-lates so(ial interests) ar4itrates (onfli(tin1 (lai0s an/ /e0an/s. Se(-rit, of 2ersons an/ 2ro2ert, of t+e 2eo2le is an essential f-n(tion of t+e State. It (o-l/ 4e a(+ie3e/ t+ro-1+ instr-0entalit, of (ri0inal la'. %n/o-4te/l, t+ere is a (ross-(-lt-ral (onfli(t '+ere li3in1 la' 0-st fin/ ans'er to ne' (+allen1es an/ t+e (o-rts are re@-ire/ to 0o-l/ t+e senten(in1 s,ste0 to 0eet t+e (+allen1es. T+e (onta1ion of la'lessness 'o-l/ -n/er0ine so(ial or/er an/ la, it in r-ins. Prote(tion of so(iet, an/ sta02in1 o-t (ri0inal 2ro(li3it, 0-st 4e t+e o4.e(t of la' '+i(+ 0-st 4e a(+ie3e/ 4, i02osin1 a22ro2riate senten(e. T+erefore) la's as a (orner stone of t+e e/ifi(e of Ior/erB s+o-l/ 0eet t+e (+allen1es (onfrontin1 t+e so(iet,. In o2eratin1 t+e senten(in1 s,ste0) la' s+o-l/ a/o2t t+e (orre(ti3e 0a(+iner, or t+e /eterren(e 4ase/ on fa(t-al 0atri>. T+erefore) -n/-e s,02at+, to i02ose ina/e@-ate senten(e 'o-l/ /o 0ore +ar0 to t+e .-sti(e s,ste0 to -n/er0ine t+e 2-4li( s,ste0 in t+e effi(a(, of la' an/ so(iet, (o-l/ not lon1 en/-re -n/er s-(+ serio-s t+reats. It is) t+erefore) t+e /-t, of e3er, (o-rt to a'ar/ 2ro2er senten(e +a3in1 re1ar/ to t+e nat-re of t+e offen(e an/ t+e 0anner in '+i(+ it 'as e>e(-te/ or (o00itte/) et(.K In State of 5.P. :s. Salee0 H C+a0ar- an/ ot+ers 200; (;) SC9 =&; it 'as +el/ t+at -n/-e
Pa1e 207
s,02at+, to i02ose ina/e@-ate senten(e 'o-l/ /o 0ore +ar0 to t+e .-/i(ial s,ste0 to -n/er0ine 2-4li( (onfi/en(e. It is t+e /-t, of e3er, (o-rt to a'ar/ 2ro2er senten(e. I02osition of senten(e 'it+o-t (onsi/erin1 its effe(t on t+e so(ial or/er 'ill 4e a f-tile e>er(ise. If a/e@-ate senten(e is not a'ar/e/ (o-rt 'ill 4e failin1 in its /-t,. In C. 5-nia22an * ot+ers :s. State of T.N. (2010) ? SCC ;=7 it 'as +el/ t+at /eat+ senten(e (an 4e 1i3en in rarest of rarest (ase if t+e (olle(ti3e (ons(ien(e of a (o00-nit, is so s+o(7e/ t+at /eat+ 2enalt, is t+e onl, alternati3e. T+e rarest of t+e rare (ase (o0es '+en a (on3i(t 'o-l/ 4e a 0ena(e an/ t+reat to t+e +ar0onio-s an/ 2ea(ef-l e>isten(e of t+e so(iet,. In State of Ra.ast+an :s. :ino/ D-0ar (2012) = SCC 770 it +as 4een o4ser3e/ t+at 2-nis+0ent s+o-l/ al'a,s 4e 2ro2ortionate/ (o00ens-rate to t+e 1ra3it, of t+e offen(e. Reli1ion) ra(e) (aste) e(ono0i( or so(ial stat-s of t+e a((-se/ or 3i(ti0 are not t+e rele3ant fa(tors for /eter0inin1 t+e @-ant-0 of 2-nis+0ent. T+e (o-rt +as to /e(i/e t+e 2-nis+0ent after (onsi/erin1 all a11ra3atin1 an/ 0iti1atin1 fa(tors an/ t+e (ir(-0stan(es in '+i(+ t+e (ri0e +as 4een (o00itte/.NNNN T+e (o-rt 0-st e>er(ise its /is(retion in i02osin1 t+e 2-nis+0ent o4.e(ti3el, (onsi/erin1 t+e fa(ts an/ (ir(-0stan(es of t+e (ase. In State of %.P. :s. San.a, D-0ar (2012) 8 SCC ;&7 it 'as +el/ t+at t+e s-r3i3al of an or/erl, so(iet, /e0an/s t+e e>tin(ti3e of t+e life of a 2erson '+o is 2ro3e/ to 4e a 0ena(e to so(ial or/er an/ se(-rit,.NNNNN T+e (o-rts s+o-l/ i02ose a 2-nis+0ent 4efittin1 to t+e (ri0e so t+at t+e (o-rts are a4le to a((-ratel, refle(t 2-4li( a4+orren(e of t+e (ri0e. It is t+e nat-re an/ 1ra3it, of t+e (ri0e an/ not t+e (ri0inal) '+i(+ are 1er0ane for (onsi/eration of a22ro2riate 2-nis+0ent in a (ri0inal trial. I02osition of senten(e 'it+o-t (onsi/erin1 its effe(t on so(ial or/er in 0an, (ases 0a, 4e in realit,) a f-tile e>er(ise. <f late in S+an7er Dis+anrao D+a/e :s. State of 5a+aras+tra (201&) ; SCC ;4= it +as 4een +el/ t+at
Pa1e 208
for i02osin1 /eat+ senten(e- Cri0e Test) Cri0inal Test an/ R-R Test (Rarest of Rare Test) 0-st 4e a22lie/ an/ not t+e 4alan(in1 test i.e. 4alan(in1 of a11ra3atin1 an/ 0iti1atin1 (ir(-0stan(es. R-R test 0-st 4e 4ase/ on 2er(e2tion of so(iet, an/ 0-st not 4e 9-/1e-(entri(. Dee2in1 in 3ie' t+e entire fa(ts an/ (ir(-0stan(es) I a0 of t+e 3ie' t+at 4ot+ t+e a((-se/ are not 0ena(e to t+e or/erl, so(iet, t+is is not a fit (ase for infli(tin1 /eat+ 2enalt, -n/er se(tion &02 rea/ 'it+ se(tion &4 I.P.C. an/) t+erefore) it a22ears .-st an/ 2ro2er to senten(e t+e a((-se/ to ri1o-res i02rison0ent for life -n/er se(tion &02 rea/ 'it+ se(tion &4 I.P.C. 'it+ a fine of Rs.10)000/- ea(+) to ; ,ears ri1o-res i02rison0ent 'it+ a fine of Rs.;)000/-ea(+ -n/er se(tion 201 rea/ 'it+ se(tion &4 I.P.C. It also a22ears e>2e/ient in t+e interest of .-sti(e to senten(e t+e a((-se/ a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar -n/er se(tion 20& I.P.C. to si02le i02rison0ent of one ,ear 'it+ a fine of Rs. 2)000/-. @+/1+ T+e a((-se/ "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar an/ "r. N-2-r Tal'ar are (on3i(te/ -n/er se(tions &02 rea/ 'it+ se(tion &4 an/ se(tion 201 rea/ 'it+ se(tion &4 I.P.C. "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar is also (on3i(te/ -n/er se(tion 20& I.P.C. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ are senten(e/ to ri1o-res i02rison0ent for life -n/er se(tion &02 rea/ 'it+ se(tion &4 IPC 'it+ a fine of Rs.10)000/ea(+ an/ in /efa-lt of 2a,0ent of fine to -n/er1o si> 0ont+s si02le i02rison0ent an/ to fi3e ,ears ri1oro-s i02rison0ent -n/er se(tion 201 rea/ 'it+ se(tion &4 I.P.C. 'it+ a fine of Rs.;)000/-ea(+ an/ in /efa-lt of 2a,0ent of fine to -n/er1o si02le i02rison0ent of t+ree 0ont+s. "r. Ra.es+ Tal'ar is also senten(e/ to one ,ear si02le i02rison0ent -n/er se(tion 20& I.P.C. 'it+ a fine of Rs.2)000/- an/ in /efa-lt of 2a,0ent of fine to -n/er1o si02le i02rison0ent of one 0ont+. 6ll t+e senten(es s+all r-n (on(-rrentl,. <ne (o2, ea(+ of t+e .-/10ent 4e 2ro3i/e/ free of (ost to t+e a((-se/ i00e/iatel,. Bot+ t+e a((-se/ s+all 4e sent to .ail -n/er a
Pa1e 20?
'arrant to ser3e o-t t+e senten(e as i02ose/ -2on t+e0. 5aterial >+i4its s+all 4e /is2ose/ off as 2er r-les) after e>2ir, of t+e 2erio/ of li0itation for filin1 t+e a22eal) if no a22eal is file/. T+e a((-se/ s+all 4e sent to "istri(t 9ail -n/er 'arrant of (on3i(tion. T+e (o2, of t+e .-/1e0ent s+o-l/ 4e sent to t+e "istri(t 5a1istrate) C+aFia4a/ in ter0s of se(tion &=; Cr.P.C. "ate/: 2=.11.201& 5S.&al6 6//l. Sessions 9-/1e/ S2e(ial 9-/1e 6nti-Corr-2tion) (C.B.I.)) C+aFia4a/. 9-/10ent si1ne/) /ate/ an/ 2rono-n(e/ in o2en (o-rt to/a,. "ate/: 2=.11.201& 5S.&al6 6//l. Sessions 9-/1e/ S2e(ial 9-/1e 6nti-Corr-2tion) (C.B.I.)) C+aFia4a/.
Pa1e 210

Aarushi Talwar Murder Trial: Judgment by CBI Court

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Sessions Trial No.

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

frontal re1ion 2 (0 a4o3e t+e left e,e 4ro'

on t+e o((i2ital re1ion

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

P.!.-& +as 2ro3e/ e>a0ination re2ort as re2ort as as

e>a0ination re2ort /ate/ 1?.0=.2008 as Ra, as

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

>+i4itJDa-24) 2rint o-t of (all

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

>+i4it J Da-4;. P.!.-22 +as 2ro3e/ >+i4it J Da-4=) 2rint of (ons-0er

+is letter /ate/ 18.11.2010 as as >+i4itJDa-47 an/

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

>+i4it J Da-72) /ia1ra0/ s7et(+

>+i4itJDa-74) en/orse0ent on 4a(7 of 2oli(e Ca-ta04-/+

seiF-re 0e0o /ate/ 1=.0;.2008 as

>+i4it JDa-80) (ar4on (o2, of letter

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

>+i4its-24 to 48. P.!.-& +as 2ro3e/ (arton as

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

4ottle of s(ot(+ '+is7, as 0aterial 0aterial

>+i4it-=;) 2ar(el as 0aterial >+i4it-=8) e02t, 4ottle

(olle(ti3el, 0ar7e/ as as 0aterial 0aterial

>+i4it-82) e02t, 2ol,t+ene >+i4it-84)en3elo2e as

>+i4it-8&) t+e (lot+ in '+i(+ ear-to2s

'ere 'ra22e/ as 0aterial

>+i4it-8;) anot+er en3elo2e as 0aterial

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

>+i4it-?8) 4loo/ staine/ -n/er-'ear of $e0ra. as

>+i4it-10;) en3elo2e as 0aterial en3elo2e as

>+i4it-107) 2lasti( t-4e as 0aterial 0aterial >+i4it-110) ta1 of >+i4it-112) s0all

anot+er en3elo2e as 0aterial 2ar(el no. 10 as 0aterial 2ar(el no. 10 as 0aterial

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

ta1 of 2ar(el no. 1; as 0aterial

>+i4it-148)en3elo2e as 0aterial as 0aterial >+i4it-1;1)

>+i4it-1;7)en3elo2e as 0aterial $ as 0aterial ta1 of

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

>+i4it-1==)en3elo2e as 0aterial en3elo2e as 0aterial 20 as 0aterial >+i4it-171) 0aterial

>+i4it- 1=8) ta1 of 2ar(el no.

>+i4it-1=?) 4e/ s+eet as 0aterial t+ree en3elo2es as 0aterial

>+i4it-1?4) 2a2er in '+i(+ T-s+irt 'as >+i4it-1?;) ta1 of ni1+tie as

Sessions Trial No. 477 of 2012

>+i4it-204) 0ain en3elo2e as 0aterial (arton as 0aterial

>+i4it-20=. P.!.-12 +as 2ro3e/

>+i4it-21=) 217) (+it of 1olf

>+i4it-2&&) 4ro'n (olo-re/ >+i4it-2&4) ot+er en3elo2e in >+i4it-2&;) fo-r