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gov.mk/mk/dokumente/Ramkoven_dogovor.pdf>. :
07.09.2011.

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Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Opinion
on the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Strasbourg, 02 February 2005, adopted on 27 May
2004.

Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Second
Opinion on the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia adopted on 23 February 2007.

European Commission, he Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Progress Report, p. 22,


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Myntti, Kristian. A Commentary to the Lund Recommendations on the Effective Participation of


National Minorities in Public Life. Abo Akademi University: Institute for Human Rights, 2001. 41


), . ,
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9.695 20.993 . 2002 X:
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. <http://www.stat.gov.mk/publikacii/knigaX.pdf>.
: 29 2011 .

1.344.815 , 507.989,
71.757, 38.528, 24.773, 8.560,
6.884, 19.241 .
2002 X: , .
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30820 . 2002 XI:
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<http://www.stat.gov.mk/publikacii/knigaXI.pdf>. : 29 2011 .

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11

10

, : Pellet, Alain. The Opinions of the Badinter Arbitration


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( ).
.
, ,
(
, 4).
( IV
).

11

12

o
.

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, .).

. ,
,

, .

.

.


.
,
(
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, , ..
,

.13


12



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:
,
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.
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,

.15 ,
,16 , 17


.
(power
sharing democracy)
,
.
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,
,
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,
.
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DL Horowitz Democracy in divided societies L Diamond & MF Plattner (. 15) 35 55.

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T D Sisk Power sharing and international mediation in ethnic conflicts (1996) ix.

14


, .19

, .20

. ,
, , , ,
.21
(consociationalism)
1603 Politica Methodice Digesta consociation - .22
,
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, .23

: , 1968.24
, ,

, ,
.
, , ,
.


, .25 ,
,

,
.26 ,

, ,
.27
19

Sisk (. 18) ix.

20 SSisk (. 18) ix.


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A Reynolds Majoritarian or power sharing government in M Crepaz and T Koelble (eds) Democracy
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15

,
,
.
,

, , ().28
2.

( ).
, , ,
(1)
. , (2)
, (3)
, , (4)
, .29
, ,
, , ,
.30
,
.31 ,
,

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.
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.32
, ,
, ,
[. . .]33
,
.
28

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29

A Lijphart Democracy in plural societies a comparative exploration (1977) 25 52.

30

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31

T D Sisk Power sharing and international mediation in ethnic conflicts (1996) 34.

32

A Lijphart The wave of powersharing democracy, in A Reynolds (ed) The architecture of democracy
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33

A Lijphart The wave of powersharing democracy, in A Reynolds (n 21 above) 44.

16


.
,
,
.34
,

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. ,
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, ,

.36
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, ,
, /

.

.38
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,
, .39
34

A Lijphart Democracy in plural societies a comparative exploration (1977) 30.

35

Lijphart (n 23 above) 32 36. See also A Lijphart The wave of powersharing democracy, in A Reynolds
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36 A Lijphart The wave of powersharing democracy, in A Reynolds (ed) The architecture of democracy
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37


, ,
, .

38

A Lijphart The powersharing approach in J Montville (ed) Conflict and peacemaking in multiethnic
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39 A Lijphart The powersharing approach in J Montville (. 38) 491 509.

17

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.45
40 T D Sisk Power sharing and international mediation in ethnic conflicts (1996) 37.
41

A Lijphart Democracy in plural societies A comparative exploration (1977) 41.

42

A Lijphart The powersharing approach in J Montville (ed) Conflict and peacemaking in multiethnic
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43

L Malazogu & I Dugolli Reforming the electoral system of Kosova (2003) 4.

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45

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18


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: ;
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,
, .46
,

: (1) ,
, (2)
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(one-size-fits-all)

,
.
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39

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97

Gallagher, M., (2005). Top tips for research and consultation with children and young people. Centre for
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98 Mauthner, M. (1997). Methodological aspects of collecting data from children: Lessons from three
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99 ,
. .
100
:
, 24 1993 .
101 , , 11.01.2011, <http://www.
makdenes.org/content/article/2273316.html>. : 25.05.2011.

40

:
,
,
, , .102
: 20%
. .

102 Capotorti, Francesco 1979. Study on the Rights of Persons Belonging to Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic
Minorities. New York: UN Publications.

41

42




103

() ,

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.
()
,
,
,

;

,
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,

.25 1996 :
[. . .] [] , ,
, [ ] ,
,
, .105
, ,
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103 Weller, Marc Effective political participation of minorities in public life
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105 Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. General Comment 25:
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access to public service; article 25 of CCPR, Fiftyseventh session, 07.12.1996.

43

, , ,
.106
, .

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).
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( ),
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.

.
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106 Ghai, Yash. Public Participation and Minorities. Minority Rights Group International, 2003. Website
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(Ed). Universal Minority Rights: A Commentary on the Jurisprudence of International Courts and
Treaty Bodies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

44

,
.108
,

2001 .109
(2003),

, .
,
,110
2001 .
,

,111
2001 ,112
2001 ,113
.114
108 , ,
19 1991 .
109 , : Ortakovski, Vladimir T, Interethnic Relations and Minorities in the Republic of
Macedonia, Southeast European Politics, Vol. 2, No. 1. <http://www.seep.ceu.hu/issue21/ortakovski.
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in the Political and Constitutional Acts: From the 1903 Krushevo Manifest to the 2001 Consti
tutional Amendments, New Balkan Politics, 7/8, <http://www.newbalkanpolitics.org.mk/napis.
asp?id=15&lang=English>. : 14.06.2011.
110 , : Brunnbauer, Ulf, The Implementation of the Ohrid Agreement: Ethnic Macedo
nian Resentments, JEMIE, Issue 1/2002. <http://www.ecmi.de/fileadmin/downloads/publications/
JEMIE/2002/nr1/Focus12002Brunnbauer.pdf>. : 14.06.2011.
111 . 5
, , 2011
.
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114 . 5
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47

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140 . 37 .
141 , , , .
142 , : Petar Atanasov , The Impact of the Ohrid Agreement on the Macedonian Future,
<http://www.bmlv.gv.at/pdf_pool/publikationen/10_wg_intpeaceplan_70.pdf>.
: 14.06.2011.
143 Ordanoski,Sao and Aleksandar Matovski. Between Ohrid and Dayton: The Future of Macedonias
Framework Agreement, Sdosteuropa Mitteilungen (04/2007). 4659.
144 .8 , , 2011 . . 1
, , 2011 .
145 . 5
, , 2011
.

48


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.

49


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,

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16 ( 0,40% ). ,
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,148
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.
,
/, .
147 . . .60/2003.
148 : How Macedonia Can Keep Pace With European Standards for Prevention and Protection
Against Discrimination. Centre for Regional Policy Research and Cooperation Studiorum. Skopje,
April 2010. CRPRC Studiorum Website. <http://studiorum.org.mk/en/?p=688>.
: 19 October 2010.

50


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;

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, 149 , 150
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, ,152
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/.155
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,
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149 . 64 , .
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, 2011 .; . 47
.
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. 35 .
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, , 2011 .
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154 . 25 , , 2011 .; .
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156 .61 , .
157 , , 2011
.

51


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.158
.

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2001

. , 1995

.
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.
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( 7%).159
,
.

2001 .
,
. ,
,
.
2002

.
158 . 24 , 2011 .
159 Helsinski Committee for Human Rights in the Republic of Macedonia, Report on Minority Rights in
the Republic of Macedonia 1999, as quoted in: Bieber Florian Powersharing and the Implementaiton
of the Ohrid Framework Agreement, FES, Skopje (740). 30

52



,

. ,

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.
,
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. , 2007.
161 , .

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53

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.162 2008
, 92,24%,
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0%).163 , 2009 90,2%
, 2010 87,5%.164



,

.165

. ,

,
,
.
2010

( II:
).

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.166 ,

,
.167 ,
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, 30.10.2009
.
163 , .
2009 . , 2008.
164 .
2009. , 2010.;
. 2010. , 2011.
165 , .
, 30.10.2009 .
166 .
2010. , 2011.
167 Ibid.

54



.168

, ,

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.170
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,
.171
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() ,


.
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.176
168 Ibid.
169 , : Ibid.
170 Ibid.
171 .
, 2004. , 2005.
172 . 37 .
173 . 21 , 2011 .
174 . 45 , .
175 . 26 , , 2011 .
176 . 26 , , 2011 .;
. 42 .

55

,177
.178

/ 179
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,

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.182

.183
. ( )
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,

.184
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177 . 68 , .
178 . 67 , .
179 . 46 , .
180 . 68 , .
181 . 32 .
182 . 35 .; . 30
, . . 52 , .;
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, , 2011 .; . 39
, .; . 25 , ,
2011 .
183 . 63 .
184 :


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. ( . ,
..105/97. 04.02.1998).

56


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.

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( 42,43).
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94B8FE11DA66C97BEAF. 13.10.2011
186 V, . http://www.sobranie.mk/?ItemID=A431BEE83F63594
B8FE11DA66C97BEAF. 13.10.2011
187 20%
.
. .101/2008. .2

57

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.192
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, ( 12%
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188 . 65 .
189 , 27 , 2011 .; . 28
.
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. 26 , , 2011 .
191 . 64 , .
192 . 63 .
193 . 39 , .
194 . 40 .
195 . 65 .
196 . 55 .
197 . 52 , .
198 . 35 .
199 . 47 .

58


,

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,
.201 ,
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.
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.
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202

( )
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59

,
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.203

,
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( 20082011 ).
, , ,

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.204 ,205
,
.206

, .

,207
.208
,


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,
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,
15% 1 .
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. ,
203 Bieber Florian (Ed). Powersharing and the Implementaiton of the Ohrid Framework Agreement, FES,
Skopje. 28
204 , .
, 18.11.2009 .
205
.
206 : , .
, 18.11.2009 .
207 . 45 , .
208 . 7 , , 2011 .

60



( , 1995 ).

1995 .209
, 50%
(. 88, .1).
20%
(. 88, .2).



( 25). ,

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( 89).
.

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.
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( 1997, . 74). ,

( 1997, . 74). ,

,
.210
209 . . .52/1995, 60/1995.
210 : Najcevska, Mirjana, Bilingualism in a Kumanovo Kindergarten In Managing MultiEthnic
Coexistence in the Countries of the Former Yugoslavia, ed Nend Dimitijevic, 2000: pp. 97101.

61

, ,


.211
,
.212
, ,

, ,
, .213
1999
71,8%, 32,4%.214

,

, ,
, , ,
, , , ,
, ,
.
.
.
, ,
,
,

.
,
,
,
211 European Commission against Racism and Intolerance. First report on the former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia. 24.05.1999. <http://hudoc.ecri.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_01/01_CbC_eng/01
cbcfyromeng.pdf>. : 30.06.2011. 11,12
212 European Commission against Racism and Intolerance. Second report on the former Yugoslav Re
public of Macedonia. 03.04.2001. <http://hudoc.ecri.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_02/02_CbC_
eng/02cbcfyromeng.pdf>. : 30.06.2011. 9
213 European Commission against Racism and Intolerance. Second report on the former Yugoslav Re
public of Macedonia. 03.04.2001. <http://hudoc.ecri.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_02/02_CbC_
eng/02cbcfyromeng.pdf>. : 30.06.2011. 16
214 European Commission against Racism and Intolerance. Second report on the former Yugoslav Re
public of Macedonia. 03.04.2001. <http://hudoc.ecri.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_02/02_CbC_
eng/02cbcfyromeng.pdf>. : 30.06.2011. 13

62


,
(). 1997
()
1999 .215

1999 ,
.
2001 ,
.
2002 ,
,
.216
2004 ,
123 84.
,217
.218
219

,
.
.220


[]
20%.221 ,
,
,
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215 OSCE. Report on the fiscal decentralization in the Republic of Macedonia. 2007.
216 , ,
, , , ,
, , .
217 , Vankovska, Biljana, The Role of the Ohrid Framework Agreement and the Peace Process
in Macedonia. <http://ww.fzf.ukim.edu.mk>. : 13.04.2011. 14
218 ,
(ibid).
219 .
. .61/04.
220 OSCE. Report on the fiscal decentralization in the Republic of Macedonia. 2007.
221 European Commission against Racism and Intolerance. Third report on the former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia. 15.02.2005. <http://hudoc.ecri.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_03/03_CbC_eng/
MKDCbCIII20054ENG.pdf>. : 30.06.2011. 34, 35

63

gerrymandering) (, 2006).222 ,
5 ,
4 (, 2004).
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(, ,
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.223

.
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. ,224

, ,
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,
.226 ,227

.228
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.
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.229
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,
.230
222 Vankovska, Biljana, The Role of the Ohrid Framework Agreement and the Peace Process in Macedo
nia. <http://ww.fzf.ukim.edu.mk>. : 13.04.2011.
223 . 53 .
224 . 6 , , 2011 .
225 . 9 , , 2011.
226 .
, 2008 2009.
, 2010. <http://www.soros.org.mk/dokumenti/21122010KOMPARATIVNAANALIZA.pdf>.
: 30.06.2011.
227 . 48 .
228 . 37 .
229 . 28 .
230 . 41 ; . 70
.

64


,
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,
,
, 231
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( 41, . 3,
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20%
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5.

2001 1995 ,234
, :
231 . 5
, , 2011
.
232 . . .5 29 2002

233 . . .55/04 16.08.2004


234 . . .52/1995, 60/1995.

65

( 50% )
( 20% ).

,
, .

.235
, ,
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.
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1991 2001
,
.

, ,
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.
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).

20% ,

, .

, , ,
. 20%

.236
.

(),
235 Ibid. . 25
236
20% . .
.92/2008. . 4

66


. 237
, ,
, .

20%

.238
( ),
( )
(
).
, .
239 240
,
241 .242
.
:
9.907.000 2009 6.417.000 2010 ( 35,23%),
6.291.000 .243 ,
, ,
,
.
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.
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,
.244 ,
, ,
237 Ibid. .9
238 2011 .
. , 2011.
239 . 9 , , 2011.; . 7
, , 2011 .
240 . 2 , , 2011 .
241 . 9 , , 2011.
242 . 7 , , 2011 .
243 . . . 516343/1. ,
, 2010 . http://www.sobranie.mk/. : 13.10.2011.
244 . .
.150/2007. . 3

67

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.246 ,

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.248
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247 20%

. : .
. .5/2002. . 55,.1
248 ,
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.
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68


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254

: ( 2011 ); ( 2011 )252253254

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.257 , , ,
,

.258
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253
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254
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255
20%, , ,
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256 , : , , 19%
, , 20%

, ., , ., , ., ,
. New Balkan Politics. <http://www.newbalkanpolitics.
org.mk/political_essays/powersharing_mk.html>. : 30.06.2011.
257 .
258 . 16 , 2011 .

71

,
. ,
.259 ,

,260
.261
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,
.262
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,263
.264 ,

,265
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260 . 35 ; . 15
, , 2011 .; . 57 ,
.
261 . 67 , .
262 . 52 , .
263 , ., , ., , ., ,
. New Balkan Politics. <http://www.newbalkanpolitics.org.mk/politi
cal_essays/powersharing_mk.html>. : 30.06.2011.
264 .61 , .
265 . 63 ; . 12
, , 2011 .
266 . 58 , .
267 . 26 , , 2011 ;
. 52 , ; .61
, .;
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269 . 52 , .; . 28
.

72


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.270
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.272

.273
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272 . 28 .
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281 .61 , .

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. ( , 2528).

( ), ..
2014.
:
;
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.
.
282 : Cronin, Thomas E. (1989). Direct Democracy: The Politics Of
Initiative, Referendum, And Recall. Harvard University Press.
283 : Barry, B. 1975. Review Article: Political Accommodation and Consociational Democracy. British
Journal of Political Science 5(4): 477505. Kriesi, Hanspeter. (2005). Direct democratic choice: the Swiss
experience. Lanham: Lexington Books.

74



, .284
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.285 2006 2010
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.; . 70 .; . 70
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286 . : 11 .
, 2010. <http://www.zels.org.mk/Upload/Content/Documents/Izdanija/Publikacii/MK/foru
mi%20na%20zaednicite%20mk%20za%20web.pdf>. : 30.06.2011.
287 .
200,000 .
( . 16
, 2011 );
( . 65
)
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); 2 ( . 48
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100%

107

3.760

100%

81.042

58,8%

10

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3200

58,8%

10

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4871

100%

14

77,77%

2.924

29,9%

32

19,59%

15.877

11,8%

26.65%

11,8%

26,65%

3616

0%

3,32%

125

64,5%

69

66,68%

54.038

17,6%

19.14%

728

17,6%

19,14%

2597

0%

1,89%

71

3,7%

19,86%

7.991

0%

0.10%

0%

0,10%

13

0%

3,38%

127

1,9%

2,76%

2.237

0%

0.00%

54

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0,02%

15

II:

0%

0.12%

12

0%

0,12%

16

0%

0,61%

23

0%

0,20%

160

17,6%

17.54%

17,6%

17,54%

2380

0%

12,37%

465

0%

0,05%

39

0%

0.55%

16

0%

0,55%

75

0%

0,66%

25

0%

0,85%

685

87

88

100%

100%

100%

100%

92

63.376

24
100%

100%

4.840

100%

60

100%

100%
28.244

141

55.749

122
100%

100%

100%
105.484

11

3.536

42,4%

39

32,09%

20.336

45,8%

11

80,70%

3.906

98,3%

59

84,10%

23.752

92,2%

130

84,92%

47.344

79,5%

97

60,43%

63.746

90,9%

10

85,10%

3.009

48,9%

45

56,85%

36.029

0%

0,02%

0%

0,03%

0,7%

5,31%

2.962

12,3%

15

25,87%

27.290

0%

0,00%

2,2%

5,72%

3.628

0%

0%

0%

14,38%

4.061

3,5%

4,07%

2.268

0%

0,28%

292

9,1%

14,73%

521

0%

0,18%

116

0%

0,02%

0%

0,96%

271

0%

0,12%

69

0%

4,03%

4.256

0%

0%

3,3%

1,04%

656

0%

0%

0%

0,09%

26

2,1%

0,58%

323

0%

0,14%

147

0%

0%

0%

0,17%

106

54,2%

13

19,13%

926

0%

0,25%

71

0,7%

0,66%

366

6,6%

8,59%

9.062

0%

0,08%

0%

0,16%

103

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0,05%

29

0%

0,02%

20

0%

0%

3,3%

3,79%

2.402

0%

0,12%

1,7%

0,19%

54

0,7%

4,28%

2.388

1,6%

0,64%

671

0%

0,08%

95

100%
95

47.796

100%

23

100%

100%

60

7.673

100%

64.773

15
100%

100%

17.246

93,7%

85

87,18%

41.670

87,0%

20

57,28%

4.395

26,7%

16

24,13%

15.628

0%

1,79%

309

0%

0,03%

12

8,7%

35,23%

2.703

65,0%

39

57%

36.921

80,0%

12

68,38%

11.793

1,1%

2,66%

1.272

0%

5,10%

391

6,7%

6,95%

4.500

6,7%

19,05%

3.285

2,1%

4,59%

2.195

4,3%

0%

1,7%

4,76%

3.083

0%

0,42%

73

3,2%

4,34%

2.074

0%

0,01%

0%

0,12%

78

0%

0%

0%

0,62%

297

0%

0,72%

55

0%

0,96%

621

0%

0,08%

14

0%

0,02%

11

0%

0,87%

67

0%

4,55%

2.950

13,3%

9,64%

1.662

0%

0,55%

265

0%

0,79%

61

0%

1,53%

992

0%

0,64%

110

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