PRESENTED BY :

• Badal Shah

• Ashish Rathore
 DNA computers

Index
1. Introduction – What is DNA?
2. Need for DNA Computers
3. Research - Hemilton Path Problem
4. Programming With DNA
5. Components of DNA Computer
6. DNA vs. Silicon
7. Advantages – Disadvantages
8. Applications & Future
9. Bibliography
 DNA computers

Introduction
What is DNA
DNA means Deoxy-ribo-Nucleic Acid
It is the primary genetic material in a
living body
Basic pair
Adenine(A) pairs with Thymine(T)
Guanine(G) pairs with Cytosine(C)
DNA Computer
It is a computer made up using DNA
 DNA computers

Need for DNA Computer

• Silicon processors has limited speed

• Moore’s Law
• Scientist found DNA has capability to be
used to build a computer
• Vast availability of Raw Material
 DNA computers

Research
• In 1994, leonad Adleman, scientist at the
university of California, introduced the
idea of using DNA to solve complex
mathematical problems.
• He inspired by the book “Molecular
Biology of the Gene”- written by James
wastgon, who discovered the structure of
DNA in 1953.
•He used DNA to solve the complex
Hemilton Path Problem.
 DNA computers

Hamilton path problem

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Programming with DNA

Los Angeles Chicago

GCTACG CTAGTA

TGC GAT

Los Angeles-Chicago
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L.A Chicago N.Y Miami Dallas

L.A- Chicago- N.Y- Miami-

Chicago N.Y Miami Dallas

GCTACG CTAGTA ATGCCG CTACGG TCGTAC

TGCGAT CATTAC GGCGAT GCCAGC

Flight path to Los Angeles – Dallas covering all

other cities:
One possible answer may be:
TGCGAT CATTAC GGCGAT GCCAGC
 DNA computers

Components of DNA Computer

• Logic gate (“And Gate”) :

Developed at Uni. Rochester
Made up of DNA instead of Silicon
Biochip :
Logic gates can be combined with
DNA micro chip to make Bio Chip.
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First DNA Computer

(Developed by Olympus Corp, Japan)
 DNA computers

• Olympus Optical co. ltd develop first

DNA computer for Gene analysis in
Japan,Conjunction with Akira Toyama,
Assistant Professor of Tokyo university.
• Aim to lead world to make a practical
DNA Computer.
• They made DNA Computer on February
15,2001 they established an R&D based
joint DNA Computer.
 DNA computers

Main Features of Dna Computer

(made by Olympus corp.)

Parallel processing
Huge memory capacity
Variety of genes diagnostic and
genes analysis
High precision
High speed
Low cost
Short time required
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Construction of first DNA

Computer
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Construction (contd…)

Artificial DNA fragment , designed by

using special software which has special
property physicochemical that make up
memory.
Allows scientist to observe chemical
reaction.
Start gene analysis using the DNA
computer on trial basis for a year.
 DNA computers

Advantages

Many time faster

Capable of storing billions
of times more data than Silicon
Compact
Accurate
Efficient
 DNA computers

Advantage of DNA over silicon

Cellular supply of DNA make it a

cheap resource.
Made very cleanly.
Many time smaller than silicon.
One pound DNA capacity is to high.
Computing speed of One teradrop
speed is most powerful.
(contd…)
 DNA computers

10 trillion DNA molecules can fit

into 1 cubic centimeter, able to hold
10 terabyte of data and perform 10
trillion calculation at a time.
Parallel processing.
 DNA computers

Disadvantages

First developed DNA computer is so

far from silicon-based computer in
terms of speed.
It takes few days to narrow down
possibilities.
It needs constant human assistance.
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Applications of first
generation DNA Computers
Gene analysis.
Useful to Government to break
secret codes
To Airlines to map efficient
routes
To understand about human
Brain – the natural Super
Computer
 DNA computers

Future

Future is very bright to solving complex

problem.
If research gets successful, it will
eliminate the Silicon based Super
Computers.
More powerful dna computers are likely
to be introduced very soon.
 DNA computers

Bibliography

www.dna2z.com.
www.abcNEWS.com
www.Howstuffworks.com.
www.Google.com.
www.Bio-ITWorld.com
www.sciencedaily.com
 DNA computers

Thank You