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Fire Load Calculation
Fire Load Calculation
building is the concept of fire load which indicates the quantity of heat liberated per unit
$rade %&&&&&&&& ' hours $rade (&&&&&&&& ) hours $rade *&&&&&&&& ( hours $rade )&&&&&&&& % hours $rade +&&&&&&&& ,.+ hours
"lassification of #ccupancies : he fire offices committee -../.0, in its report of fire grading of buildings in %1)', has recognized * main classes of occupancies on the basis of the fire load. his also conforms to the relevant 2.!. specifications and may be stated as3 #ccupancies of low fire load: ordinary buildings for residential purposes, hotels, offices, schools, etc, or occupancies having a fire load not e#ceeding (,4+,,,, kcal/s".mtr of net floor area of any compartment, nor e#ceeding an average of++,,,,, kcal/s".mtr on a limited isolated area. -for reference, the ma#imum for this type in 5.6.!. system is %,,,,,,, 7. h../s".ft0 he fire resistance re"uired by buildings of this category to withstand the complete burn8out of their contents without collapse is % hour as has been found after tests. 9#tensive investigations carried out in !witzerland and $ermany have shown that the fire load in offices varies from %, kg to *, kg/s".mtr wood e"uivalent to )*,*+' to %*,,,': kcal/s".mtr where as this type of occupancy has an one hour rating with ma#imum fire loading upto (4,,14: kcal/s".mtr e"uivalent to ', kg/s".m. #ccupancies of moderate low fire load: ;etail shops, bazaars, stalls, factories, etc. hence the fire load e#ceeds, (,4+,,,, kcal/s".mtr, and is upto ++,,,,, kcal/s".mtr.
his is e"uivalent to the fire load of (,4+,,,, kcal/s".mtr, not e#ceeding an average of %,%,,,,,, kcal/s".mtr on limited isolated area as per relevant 2.!. specifications. <ccupancies of this type should have a fire resistance of two hours. #ccupancies of high low fire load: $odowns, warehouses, etc. this category as per 2.!. specifications e#ceeds the fire load by ++,,,,, kcal/s".mtr, but does not e#ceed an average of %,%,,,,,, kcal/s".mtr of floor area. A fire resistance of ) hours for these types of occupancies is considered sufficient. -for reference, the ma#imum for this type in 5.6.!. system is ),,,,,,, 7. h../s".ft e#ceeding an average of (,,,,,,, 7. h../s".ft0.
$xample:
he manufacturing process industry uses the following material. =alculate the 5ire load by using the following data3 >aterial 6aper Aood =oal ;ubber 6aetroleum product ?uantity in kg. %,,, (,,,,, %,,,,,, +,,, +,,,,, Area in s".mtr %, (, +, (+ *, =alorific value -k@/kg0 %+',, %4+,, (,,,, ),,,, )*,,,
Fire load = (combustibles in kg) x calorific value in kcal kg Floor area in square meters
5ire load -paper0 D %,,, # *4*(.,+ D *4*(,+.4) kcal/s".mt %, 5ire load -wood0 D (,,,, # )%:'.',( D )%:',( kcal/s".mt (, 5ire load -coal0 D %,,,,,, # )4:).':: D 1+'1*44.11 kcal/s".mt +, 5ire load -rubber0 D +,,, # 1+'1.*4 D %1%*:4) kcal/s".mt (+ 5ire load -6etroleum products0 D +,,,,, # %,(:4.,:% D %4%)+%*+.+4 *, kcal/s".mt otal fire load D (1)(,%1+.* kcal/s".mt ;esult indicates that the occupancy has High fire load. !o fire resistance should be of ) hours.
%nstallation of fire extinguishers: $xample: -%0 Eetermine the number of fire e#tinguishers re"uired to give ade"uate protection for a given property. ;isk3 Fight engineering workshop -Fight hazard0 Area3 *%+m # %%( m. i.e. *+,(:, s". mtr. ype of hazard3 =lass A fire due to normal combustibles. As per 2! (%1, this is Fight Hazard so one 1 ltr water e#pelling e#tinguisher for every ',, s".mtr of floor area should be installed. 9#tinguisher should be available within (+ mtr radius. Here otal area is *+,(:, s".mt. !o no. of e#tinguisher D *+,(:, s".mt . D +:.: ',, so no. of e#tinguisher re"uired is +1.
-(0 Eetermine the number of fire e#tinguishers re"uired to give ade"uate protection for a given property. ;isk3 6etroleum processing units -High hazard0 Area3 *,,m # %+, m. i.e. )+,,, s". mtr.
ype of hazard3 =lass 7 fire due to petroleum products. As per 2! (%1, this is High Hazard so two 1 ltr foam chemical/mechanical typeG or + kg capacity dry powder e#tinguisher for every ',, s".mtr with minimum of four e#tinguisher per compartment shall be installed. 9#tinguisher should be available within %+ mtr radius. Here otal area is )+,,, s".mt. !o no. of e#tinguisher D )+,,, s".mt . D 4+ ',, so no. of e#tinguisher re"uired is 4+.