prof.

tariel futkaraZe

bun Turqni: paleografiuli Secdoma, Turqulenovani xalxis

aRmniSvneli erT-erTi uZvelesi eTnonimi, kompaqturad dasaxlebuli
ltolvili "Turqebi" Tu "sastik warmarTTa" aRmniSvneli metafora?

bolo 160 wlis manZilze bun-Turqebis Sesaxeb didZali samecniero

literatura dagrovda, maTi vinaobis sakiTxi ki ufro gabundovanda; kerZod,
gamoTqmulia mosazrebebi, rom bun-Turqni aRniSnavs:
- pirvelyofil, Tavdapirvel Turqebs - Turanelebs (m. brose);
- Subosan Turqebs (e. TayaiSvili);
- amierkavkasiaSi qarTvelebze adre mosaxle (Tu avtoqTon) TurqmanTa
toms/Turqebs (n. mari, k. kekeliZe, z. anCabaZe, m. seidovi, i. zeireki...);
winaelinistur qarTlSi mcxovreb Turqebs (d. musxeliSvili)1;
- devnil da saqarTveloSi Semoxiznul hunebs (g. meliqiSvili, v. gabaSvili, v.
goilaZe...);
- devnil da saqarTveloSi Semoxiznul skviTebs (m. sanaZe, g. alasania);
- istoriul qarTlSi Crdilo kavkasiis gziT SemoWril Crdilour tomebs -
somxuri wyaroebis bulRarelebs (g. qavTaraZe)2...
g. yoranaSvilis azriT, "qarTlis cxovrebis" informacia bun-Turqebis
Sesaxeb sinamdviles ar asaxavs3; zog mkvlevars ki miaCnia, rom bun-Turqni
paleografiuli Secdomaa, unda iyos: hun-Turqi (l. meliqseT-begi); Sdr.:
"qarTlis cxovrebis" sam xelnawerSi gvaqvs mun Turqi; erT-erTSi m
4
gadafxekilia da Cawerilia b .

1
d. musxeliSvili (1993, gv. 341) bun-Turqebs araqarTvelebad miiCnevs, magram ar akonkretebs
maT vinaobas.
2
g. qavTaraZe, 2006, gv. 69, 74
3
ix., agreTve: "moqceva~ qarTlisa~s" avtors surs bunTurqebi ganesxvavebina gviandeli, misTvis
cnobili Turqebisagan. qarTuli wyaroebis es cnoba legendarulia.
("http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%
83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98).
4
samecniero literaturis mimoxilvisaTvis vrclad ix., g. alasania, 2000, m. sanaZe, 2001; t.
futkaraZe, 2005; g. alasania, 2008; v. goilaZe, 2008. ix., agreTve: Nora Dudwick, The case of the
Caucasian Albanians: Ethnohistory and ethnic politics, Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, 1990, Volume 31,
Issue 2, pp. 377-383: "Bunturks" settled on the banks of the Kura River.9 These accounts reveal Azerbaijanis' ambivalence
over how they want to be viewed by themselves and others. Both Iampol'skii and Guseinov aim to counter the...
http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/cmr_0008-
0160_1990_num_31_2_2237?luceneQuery=%28%2B%28fullContent%3Abunturk%5E900.0+fullTitle%3Abunturk%5E94
0.0+content%3Abunturk+title%3Abunturk%5E2.0+summary%3Abunturk+authors%3Abunturk%5E5.0+illustrations%3Ab
unturk%5E4.0+bibrefs%3Abunturk%5E4.0+toctitles%3Abunturk%5E4.0+toctitles1%3Abunturk%5E3.0+toctitles2%3Abu
nturk%5E2.0+toctitles3%3Abunturk%29%29+AND+%28+%2Baccess_right%3A%28free%29+%29&words=bunturk&wo
rds=900&words=940&words=free; http://www.namebase.org/xtoc/Cyril-Toumanoff.html; zogi miiCnevs, rom bun-
Turqebi arian e.w. mesxeTeli Turqebis winaprebi (msjelobisaTvis ix.; http://www.ca-c.org/journal/eng-
01-2002/19.aliprimen.shtml); arsebobs, aseve, vebgverdi bunTurqi: http://bunturk.livejournal.com. yvelaze
ufro "saintereso" is aris, rom zogs surs, jer e.w. bun-Turqebis memkvidreebad gamoacxados
muslimani qarTvelebi (Tu "Turq mesxebad" wodebuli sazogadoeba) da saqarTveloSi
axaldamkvidrebuli azerbaijanlebi, Semdeg ki "daicvan" maTi, rogorc "istoriuli eTnikuri
umciresobis" enobrivi uflebebi "regionuli an umciresobis enis Sesaxeb evropuli qartiis"
principebis mixedviT ("enis qartiis" principebis Sesaxeb vrclad ix.:
1
 2005 wels gamoqveynebul wignSi "qarTvelebi" me Sevecade damesabuTebina,
rom kompozoti bun-Turqi ar aris damoukidebeli eTnonimi; kerZod, misi
pirveli nawili zedsarTavi saxelia, romelic gansazRvravs eTnonim "Turqs";
Sesabamisad, bun-Turqebad iwodeba Zv.w. VII saukuneSi sparseTis (midiis) mefe
qaixosrosgan (kiaxsarisgan) devnili "Turqebis" (Tu skviTebis) is nawili,
romelic qarTvelebma kompaqturad daasaxles sarkineSi5.
2008 wels roin metrevelis redaqtorobiT gamovida "qarTlis cxovrebis"
Sejerebuli varianti da misi rusuli Targmani; komentarebSi warmodgenilia
redaqtorisa da mTargmnel-komentatorebisaTvis ufro misaRebi kvalifikaciebi6;
bun-TurqebTan dakavSirebiT komentarebSi vkiTxulobT:
bunTurqebis Sesaxeb Txroba gvaqvs "qarTlis moqcevaSi"; samecniero
literaturaSi bun- sityvis ramdenime saxis axsna gvaqvs, magram sakiTxi
gadawyvetili ar aris. "qarTlis cxovrebaSi" bunTurqebad iwodeba "mZvinvare
warmarTi xalxi". iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom leonti mrovelisTvis bunTurqni
niSnavs CrdiloeTiT mcxovreb Turquli warmoSobis xalxs, ramdenadac
yivCayebis sacxovrisi mrovelisTvis kargad iyo cnobili" 7. dr., maT mier
navaraudevi sxva kvalifikaciebi: Zv.w. ambebis aRwerisas moxseniebuli Turqebi -
Turanebi, xazarebi - skviTebi8.
amTaviTve vityviT, rom "qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT bun-Turqni
namdvilad ar arian CrdiloeTidan mosulni; Cans, komentarebis avtorebis
amgvar mosazrebas biZgi misca "qarTlis cxovrebis" teqstis arasworma gaazrebam
(ix., qvemoT).
rogorc vxedavT, aswlovani kvlevebis miuxedavad, bun-TurqTa vinaoba
isev mZafri kamaTis sagania. razec aravin daobs, isaa, rom sityva-forma:
bunTurqni agebulebis mixedviTaris rTuli - kompozitia, romlis pirveli
komponentia bun-, meore ki - Turq-.
warmodgenil moxsenebaSi damatebiTi argumentebiT SevecdebiT pasuxi
gavceT kiTxvebs:
- bun-Turqebis Sesaxeb romelia pirvelwyaro: "qarTlis cxovreba" Tu
"moqceva~ qarTlisa~"?
- etimologiurad ras niSnavs kompoziti bun-Turqni? gvaqvs ki safuZveli
damoukidebel eTnonimad gamovacxadoT igi?
- leonti mrovelisTvis Tu "qarTlis cxovrebis" am epizodis avtorisTvis
romel da sad mcxovreb xalxs (Tu sazogadoebas) aRniSnavs bun-Turqni?
- romel xalxs Tu rogor sazogadoebas aRniSnavs bun-Turqni "moqcevai
qarTlisais avtorisTvis?

http://www.scribd.com/doc/12621676/T-Putkaradze-European-Charter-for-Regional-or-Minority-
Languages-and-An-Issue-of-Plannig-Linguistic-Policy-in-Georgia. winaswar vityvi, rom is xalxi,
visac mematiane bun-Turqebs uwodebs, mematianisve cnobiT, iranis mxridan ltolvilad movida
da maleve gadaixvewa Crdilo kavkasiaSi (Tu mematianes vujerebT, rom movidnen, masve daujeroT,
rom maleve wavidnen kidec!).
5
t. futkaraZe, 2005, gv. 213.
6
leonti mrovelis "mefeTa wigni" rusulad Targmna da saintereso komentarebiT aRWurva
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtorma v. axvledianma.
7
r. metreveli, 2008, gv. 70.
8
ix., iqve, gv. 68-69
2
 - ra ufro logikuria: eTnonim "Turqis" qveS vigulisxmoT: kavkasiis
avtoqToni Turqi (n. mari)? huni (v. gabaSvili)? skviTi (m. sanaZe)? Turaneli
(m. brose)?
pirvel rigSi, vnaxoT orive ZiriTadi qarTuli wyaro:
"qarTlis cxovreba", 1955, gv. 15-17:
"sparsTagan otebulma" Turqebma qarTvelebs daxmareba aRuTqves
sparselebTan brZolaSi, amitom xunanidan speris zRvamde gadaWimuli qarTlis
sxvadasxva qalaqebis mflobelebma ("yovelTa qarTvelTa") devnili "Turqebis"
erTi nawili jgufebad dayves da TavianT qalaqebSi Caasaxles. ltolvilTa
ZiriTadi nawili mcxeTis mamasaxlisma kompaqturad daasaxla sarkineSi.
"aleqsandres Semosvlis" aRwerisas, swored sarkines mosaxleobis
aRsaniSnavad gvxvdeba kompoziti: bun-Turqni:
"aleqsandrem "gardamovlna kavkasni da movida qarTlad da povna yovelni
qarTvelni uborotes yovelTa naTesavTa sjuliTa. rameTu colqmrobisa da siZ-
visaTvis ara uCnda naTesaoba, yovelsa suliersa Wamdes, viTarca mxecni da pi-
rutyvni, romelTa qcevisa warmoTqma uxm ars. da ixilna ra ese naTesavni sa-
stikni warmarTni, romelTa-igi Cuen bunTurqad da yivCayad uwodT, msxdoma-
reni mdinaresa mas mtkurisasa mixveviT, daukvirda ese aleqsandres..."
teqsti aseTi Sinaarsisaa: aleqsandrem amierkavkasiaSi naxa "yovelni
qarTvelni", romlebic "sastik warmarTad" qceuliyvnen da romelTac mematiane
Tavisi drois urjuloebs - yivCayebsa da bunTurqebs - adarebs. am konteqstSi
bunTurqi da yivCayi epiTetebia da ara - eTnonimebi. amasve adasturebs
"qarTlis cxovrebis" adaptirebuli variantis Zveli somxuri Targmanis teqsti:
"aleqsandre kovkasis mTiT gadavida qarTvelTa qveyanaSi da gaocda maTi
saZageli cxovrebiT" (i. abulaZe, 1953, gv. 24).
vfiqrob, am konteqstSi saubari ar aris CrdiloeTsa Tu samxreTSi
mcxovreb xalxebze - yivCayebsa Tu Turqebze/bunTurqebze; aq ar weria, rom
aleqsandem yivCayebi naxa; qarTveli mematianis azriT, aleqsandrem naxa warmarTi
qarTvelebi, romlebic damsgavsebodnen velurebs - bunTurqebsa da
yivCayebs9. aseve, Cans mematianem icis (Tu hgonia), rom misTvis kargad cnobili
yivCayebi da Turqebi (selCukebi) enaTesavebian qaixosros mier gamodevnil
xalxs.
"qarTlis cxovrebis" sxva epizodSi sityva-forma bun-Turqi gansxvavebuli
semantikiT gamoiyeneba:
aleqsandrem (Tu misma jarma) eqvsTviani alyiT daipyro qarTvelTa cixe-
qalaqebi: wunda, xerTvisi, oZrxe, urbnisi, rusTavi, samSvilde, kaxeTis qalaqni,
mcxeTa, nastakisi da uriaTa ubani - zanavi. aleqsandres arc ki ucdia
Tuxarisisa da xunanis (anu mtveris) cixis dapyroba, vinaidan "ver SeuZlebda
dapyrobad: (q.c. 1955, 18,7-8). aqve vkiTxulobT: "xolo sarkinelTa
bunTurqTaganTa agines mefesa".
e.i. am epizodSi sami eTnosi saxeldeba: qarTvelebi, uriebi, sarkineSi
Casaxlebuli Turqebi.

9
eTnonimis gamoyeneba epiTetad da eTnonimis qceva arsebiT saxelad (Tu zedsarTavad)
Cveulebrivi movlenaa yvela enaSi. cnobilia isic, rom "droTa ganmavlobaSi terminma: "Turqi"
uaryofiTi mniSvneloba SeiZina da uvicis, mdabios sinonimad iqca... eTnikuri mniSvneloba
terminma gvian miiRo (s.kliaStorni, g. alasania, 2008, gv. 10).
3
 niSandoblivia: "qarTlis cxovrebis" 4 adrindel xelnawerSi am epizodis
aRwerisas "bunTurqTaganTa" formis nacvlad gamoyenebulia sityvebi:
"naTurqTaganTa an "mun TurqTaganTa" (q.c. 1955, 18,8).
bunTurqebisgan Seuracxyofili aleqsandre maT sruli ganadgurebiT
daemuqra, magram cixe-qalaqi ver aiRo 11 Tviani alyiTac ki. xangrZlivi alyiT
"SeWirvebulma" sarkinelebma - mcxeTis mamasaxlis mier sarkineSi
dasaxlebulma Turqebma - cixe-qalqis sayrdeni klde gaxvrites da
CrdilokavkasiaSi gadaixvewnen. aseTia mematianis mier aRwerili ambavi.
Sdr.: "qarTlis cxovrebis" Zvel somxur TargmanSi (XII s.) termini
"bunTurqi" ar dasturdeba; am versiis mixedviTac, mcxeTis mamasaxlisma
sarkineSi daasaxla qaixosrosgan gamodevnili Turqebi10.
bevris mTqmelia isic, rom msoflios arc erT sxva wyaroSic ar Cans
eTnonimi bun-Turqni.
safuZveli gvaqvs, davaskvnaT: "qarTlis cxovrebis" teqstis mixedviT,
sarkineSi Turqebi cxovroben, romelTa aRsaniSnavad gamoyenebulia agreTve
msazRvrel-sazRvrulisgan nawarmoebi kompoziti - bun-Turqi; bun-i aris
eTnonimis msazRvreli.
sityva buni (bun) falauri nasesxobaa da qarTulad niSnavs "ZiriTads",
"fesvs"11; Sesabamisad, Sesityveba buni Turqi SeiZleba gaviazroT, rogorc
erTad, kompaqturad dasaxlebuli "Turqebi"; ar gamoiricxeba am sintagmis m.
broseseuli gaazrebac: Tavdapirveli Turqebi - Turanelebi. orive gaazrebiT,
buni (/ZiriTadi) Turqebi arian qaixosrosgan gandevnili Turqebis (migranti
Turqebis) is ZiriTadi nawili, romelic mcxeTis mamasaxlisma erTad daasaxla
sarkineSi.
gansxvavebuli semantikiT dasturdeba bun-Turqni "moqcevai qarTlisais"
teqstSi, romelic aleqsandres mosvlis ambiT iwyeba (Satberdis krebuli, 1979,
gv. 320):
"pirvel odes aleqsandre mefeman naTesavni igi loTis SvilTani wariqcina
da SeBadna igini kedarsa mas queyanasa, ixilna naTesavni sastikni bunTurqni,
msxdomareni mdinaresa zeda mtkuarsa mixueviT, oTx qalaqad da dabnebi maTi:
sarkine, kaspi, urbnisi da oZrxe da cixeni maTni: cixe~ didi sarkinisa~, uf-
liscixe~ kaspisa, urbnisisa da oZrxisa~. daukvirda aleqsandres"...
wina istoriis gareSe moyvanili am teqstiT zogi mecnieri mcdar daskvnas
akeTebs da ambobs, rom bun-Turqni is araqarTveluri avtoqToni mosaxleobaa,
romelic saqarTveloSi cxovrobda qarTvelebis aq mosvlamde. amgvari daskvna
qarTuli teqstis mcdari wakiTxvis Sedegia:
"qarTlis cxovrebaSic" da "qarTlis moqcevaSic" zustad ganmeorebulia
erTi fraza: "msxdomareni mdinaresa mas mtkvarsa mixveviT12". Cans, orive
wyaros es monakveTi momdinareobs mesame (saerTo) wyarodan, savaraudod,
"qarTlis cxovrebis" arqauli versiidan, ramdenadac, Tavdapirveli konteqsti

10
aqve saubaria sarkinelTa 12-Tvian (ara - 11 Tvian!) alyaze.
11
m. andronikaSvili, 1966, gv. 297; Sdr., agreTve: bun-eb-a "Tviseba" (il. abulaZe), ; Zvel
qarTulSi es sityva gamoiyeneba modgmis aRsaniSnavadac (n. CubinaSvili); savaraudoa Semdegi
saxis semantikuri transformacia: fesvi - modgma.
12
am frazisa da "mixveviT" sityvis semantikisaTvis ix., t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli
sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi), 2005, gv. 214-216: mixveviT - mravlad; Sdr.: "buzi exvia",
"xvavi".
4
ufro daculia "qarTlis cxovrebaSi": damowmebuli fraza bunebrivi da
naTelia mxolod "qarTlis cxovrebaSi"13; Sdr.: Turqebi mravlad mxolod
sarkineSi daasaxla qarTlis mamasaxlisma (Turqebis swored es nawili ixsenieba
bunTurqebad). "moqcevis" mixedviT ki sityvaforma "mixveviT" bundovania.
logikuria davuSvaT, rom "qarTlis moqcevis" avtorisaTvisac bunTurqni
gamoiyeneba rogorc epiTeti, romelic aRniSnavs urwmuno, warmarT,
qristianobamdel qarTvelebs:
marTlmadidebeli avtorisTvis qristianobamdeli qarTvelebi iseTive
barbarosebi iyvnen, rogorc sparseTidan kaspiis zRvisa da mtkvris xeobiT (ara
- CrdiloeTidan!) saqarTvelos maSindel dedaqalaqSi mosuli da Semdeg
sarkineSi jgufurad dasaxlebuli Turqebi. qristiani berisTvis - "qarTlis
moqcevis" avtorisTvis - qristianobamdeli qarTlis mosaxleoba (adgilobrivi,
araqristiani qarTvelic da migranti Turqic) erTnairad urjuloa, Sesabamisad,
man gamotova qarTvelTa warmarTuli istoria, "qarTlis cxovrebiseuli"
epiTetiT (bunTurqni) xazi gausva maT velurobas - Turqobas da Semdgom
warmoaCina qristianobis roli14.
amrigad, Cemi azriT:
a) eTnonim "yivCayis" epiTetad gamoyeneba leonti mrovelis Semoqmedebaa;
b) sarkineSi kompaqturad dasaxlebuli "Turqebis" aRsaniSnavad Sesityveba:
"bun-Turqni" Seqmnilia "qarTlis cxovrebis" Tavdapirveli versiis avtoris mier
(romelic dRemde araa moRweuli);
g) bunTurqni epiTetad pirvelad gamoiyena "moqceva~ qarTlisa~s" avtorma,
meored - leonti mrovelma;
samecniero literaturaSi kamaTis sagania arqauli qarTuli wyaroebis
termin Turqis semantikac:
27 saukunis winandeli ambebis aRwerisas eTnonimebis: Turqebisa da
xazarebis, miT umetes, yivCayebis xsenebas samecniero literaturaSi
15
anaqronizmad miiCneven . rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, XI-XII saukuneebis qarTveli
avtoris mier termini "yivCayi" metaforaSia gamoyenebuli; Sesabamisad, yivCayis
nawilSi "braldeba" unda moexsnas qarTvel mematianes. rac Seexeba termin
Turqs:
cnobilia, rom sityvebi: Turqi, xazari ax.w. IV-V saukuneebidan Cndeba
(Sesabamisi xalxebis gamoCenis Tanadroulad)16, magram "qarTlis cxovrebis"
damowmebuli epizodis analizisas ufro adekvaturi xom ar iqneba aqcenti
gavakeToT ara dasaxelebul eTnonimTa Seqmnis droze, aramed am terminebiT
13
Sdr., agreTve: saqarTvelos mefeTa CamonaTvalis SedarebiT p. ingoroyvam daaskvna: "qarTlis
cxovreba" da "moqceva~ qarTlisa~" momdinareoben ufro Zveli mesame wyarodan - Zveli
saistorio pirvelwyarodan (p. ingoroyva: "Zveli qarTuli matiane "moqcevai qarTlisa~" da
antikuri xanis iberiis mefeTa sia", gv. 523-524: http://www.amsi.ge/istoria/pi/mefeebi.pdf). "moqceva~
qarTlisa~s" siZvelis Sesaxeb msjelobisaTvis ix., g. qavTaraZe, 2006, gv. 56-60.
14
Sdr., i. javaxiSvili, 1977, gv. 114-115; Cans, bunTurqi eTnonimad (da ara epiTetad) esmis did
qarTvel istorikossac. aqve (gv. 112) "moqceva~ qarTlisa~" miCneulia "uZveles samoqalaqo
saistorio nawarmoebad".
15
ix., mag., r.metrevelis redaqtorobiT gamocemuli "qarTlis cxovrebis" komentarebi.
16
gavrcelebuli mosazrebiT, Turqulenovani xalxis aRmniSvneli es termini pirvelad Cndeba V
saukunis Cinur wyaroebSi; VI saukuneSi ki dasturdeba sparsulSic; Sdr., mixeil svanaZe,
osmaleTis istoria, Tb., 1999: gv. 7: "Turquli tomebi Cndebian mcire aziaSi IV saukunis
miwurulidan... XI saukuneSi mcire aziis sazRvrebs moadga axali, gacilebiT ufro Zlieri
migraciuli talRa oRuzur-Turqmenuli tomebisa Sua aziidan, romelmac Secvala regionis
eTnikuri suraTi".
5
aRniSnuli xalxis istoriaze; qarTveli mematianis mizani xom xalxis istoriis
aRweraa da ara - terminTa istoria; miT umetes, eTnonimTa Tu sxva terminTa
gaTanamedroveoba Cveulebrivi ambavia.
saqarTvelos istoriis adreuli periodis aRwerisas Turqebis vinaobasTan
dakavSirebiT saintereso cnobebia daculi "qarTlis cxovrebaSive"; kerZod,
teqstis SesavalSive erTi saintereso faqti dasturdeba:
mematiane saubrobs amierkavkasiaSi mosaxle qarTvelebis, somxebis, aseve,
maTi mtrebis - sparsebis da saqarTveloSi Semoxiznuli migranti eTnikuri
jgufebis Sesaxeb; mTlianobaSi, mosul eTnikur jgufTagan saxeldebian: berZenni,
asurni, xazarni, Turqni, uriani (q.c. 1955, gv. 15-16). mematianis mier iqve
CamoTvlilia saqarTveloSi mcxovreb eTnosTa enebi: somxuri (/urartuli!)17,
qarTuli, xazaruli, asuruli, ebrauli da berZnuli (gv. 16). riTi aixsneba,
rom mxolod TurqTa enaa gamotovebuli?
logikuria mxolod imis daSveba, rom mematianem icis: xazaruli da
Turquli erTi enis saxesxvaobebia18, ramdenadac xazarebi da Turqebi erTi
xalxia. Sdr.: xazarebi, Turqebi da hunebi erT xalxadaa miCneuli VI-XII
saukuneebis berZnul-bizantiur wyaroebSic19; ix., mag.: TurqTa ufali - xazarTa
xayani: 620 wels irakli keisari laSqrobs sparseTis winaaRmdeg; gaiara lazeTi
da iveria; TurqTa/xazarTa ufals irakli keisarma saCuqrebi gaugzavna; berZnul
teqstSi mocemulia forma: Τοὺρκων. am cnobis avtoria nikifore
20
konstantinepoli, konstantinepolis partiarqi (806-815) .
irakli keisaris am laSqrobis teqsti qarTulad iTargmna 1042 wels21;
Sesabamisad, aSkaraa, rom "qarTlis cxovrebis" redaqtormac - leonti
mrovelmac - kargad icis, rom TurqTa ena da xazaruli ena erTi da
igivea22.

17
"qarTlis cxovrebis" arqauli somxurisa da urartuli enis igiveobis Sesaxeb msjeloba
samecniero literatura ix., t. futkaraZe, 2005, gv. 204, 226-229; Sdr., i. anTelava, 2002, gv.
229-233.
18
Sdr.: g. alasanias azriT, es ena aris skviTuri, Sesabamisad, xazarebi da "qarTlis cxovrebis"
Turqebic - skviTebi arian (2008, gv. 16).
19
Turqebis, xazarebisa da hunebis igiveobis Sesaxeb masalisaTvis ix.: "bizantieli mwerlebis
cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb" (tomi meoTxe, nakveTi I, nakveTi II; berZnuli teqsti qarTuli
TargmanebiTurT gamosca da ganmartebebi daurTo simon yauxCiSvilma), Tb., 1952, gv. 22-23:
Turqebi - hunebi; gv. 115: Turqebi - xazarebi...
20
iqve, gv. 207-208.
21
ix., iqve, gv. 208; ix., agreTve, gv. 422.
22
Sdr., analogiuri masala georgikis V tomSic ("bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb"; berZnuli teqsti qarTuli TargmanebiTurT gamosca da ganmartebebi daurTo simon
yauxCiSvilma), Tb., 1963:
gv. 26: "lazeTisken gaemarTa da mokavSireoba sTxova Turqebs, romelTac xazarebsac uwodeben".
berZnul teqstSi mocemulia forma: Τοὺρκους da Χαζάροάς (cnobis avtori: giorgi kedrene,
XI saukunis qronografosi).
gv. 303-309 vrceli informaciaa TurqTa tomis Sesaxeb (igulisxmebian xazarebi): cxovreben
tanaidisa da bosforis iqiT CrdiloeTiT mdebare mxares da arc mainc da mainc daSorebulni
iyvnen kavkasiis mTebidan; berZnul teqstSi mocemulia forma: Τοὺρκοί (cnobis avtori: nikifore
vrieniosi; XI-XII saukunis istorikosi).
Sdr., agreTve, georgika, VI ("bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb" berZnuli
teqsti qarTuli TargmanebiTurT gamosca da ganmartebebi daurTo simon yauxCiSvilma), Tb.,
1966, gv. 31: "nefTalit-hunebi anu Turqebi". berZnul teqstSi mocemulia formebi: Τοὺρκων
da Οΰννων (cnobis avtori: mixeil ataliaTe, XI saukunis istorikosi).
6
 "qarTlis cxovrebidan" aseve Cans, rom qarTveli mematianeni icnobdnen
iran-Turanis brZolebs23 da am dapirispirebis gviandel interpretacias: Sdr.:
midiis mefe qaoxosro/kiaxsari/kvaqsaraqsi amarcxebs Turanelebs (damarcxebulTa
nawili Tavs afarebs saqarTvelos). firdousis gaazrebiT, ramdenadac X
saukuneebSi sparselebs Turqebi ebrZvian, Turqebis winaprebi arian
Turanelebi.
qarTveli mematianis azriTac, iranelTa mtrebi - Turanelebi Turqebi
arian; es ukanasknelni ki igiveni arian, rac xazarebi, yivCayebi.
sxva sakiTxia, dRevandeli gadasaxedidan ramdenad marTebulia amgvari
xedva:
Turan- fuZis safuZvlad miCneulia eTnonimi Turi24.
Tanamedrove mkvlevarTa didi nawilis azriT, Turi/Turaneli
indoevropuli enis (sparsulis axlomonaTesave!) mqone xalxis aRmniSvneli
eTnonimia. specialistTa nawili (ZiriTadad - Turqologebi) ki miiCnevs, rom
Turi/Turaneli Turqi xalxebis winaparTa aRmniSvneli saxelebia (Sdr.,
TurqeTSi popularulia gvari - Turani)25.
orive mosazrebas aqvs arsebobis ufleba; miT umetes, araiSviaTad xdeba
eTnonimTa gadaazrianeba (Sdr., mag.: afxazi > afsua, somexi > armeni...)26. Cemi
dRevandeli moxsenebis Tema Turq-/Tur- mimarTebis Zieba ar aris; mxolod
aRvniSnavT: etimologiurad SeuZlebeli ar aris Tur-, Turq-, Tur-an-,
Taraqam-, Turqmen- fuZeebis kavSiri. kvlevis am etapze CemTvis arsebiTia
sxva faqti:
aSkaraa:
"qarTlis cxovrebis" Zveli avtorebi kargad icnoben Tanadroul msoflio
istoriografias; maTi kvalifikaciebi dResac aqtualuria, Sesabamisad, qarTvel
mematianeTa mier Turqebis/bunTurqebis, yivCayebisa Tu xazarebis Sesaxeb
mowodebuli cnobebis anaqronizmad miCneva, rbilad rom vTqvaT,
gaumarTlebelia. ufro logikuri iqneba mematianeTa cnobebisadmi frTxili
damokidebuleba da maTi siRrmiseuli analizi. rac Seexeba Turq-/Turanel-
mimarTebas:
rogorc aRiniSna, qarTveli mematianisTvis falauri wyaroebis27
Turi/Turaneli da berZnuli Tu qarTuli wyaroebis Turqi, xazari, Turq-

23
"qarTlis cxovreba": "Semdgomad amissa mciredTa welTa kualad gamogzavna amanve qekapos Zis-
wuli misi, Ze SioS bednierisa, romeli moikla TurqeTs, viTarca weril ars wignsa sparsTa
cxovrebisasa" (q.c. 1955, gv. 14); savaraudia, qarTveli mematiane icnobs falaur "xvadai namaks"
(mefeTa wigns).
24
Zvel sparsul Tu falaur zepirsityvierebaSi anTroponimebi daedo safuZvlad eTnonimebs,
Tu eTnonimebi - anTropinimebs? ufro logikurad gveCveneba varaudi, rom legendebis
onomastikisTvis (tuirya, airya, sairima... Sdr., variantebi: Turi, ireji, selemi... Тур, Эрадж, Салмa...)
amosavalia eTnonimebi.
25
ix., mag.: Ziya Gokalp, TÜRKÇÜLÜĞÜN ESASLARI, 1923, gv. 20-24;
http://www.hababam.nl/forums/archive/index.php/t-40247.html
26
Sdr., agreTve: поздние авторы перенесли прежнее имя Туран на тюркские народы которые как и
их предшественники степные восточные иранцы были кочевниками, как в свое время Византийские
авторы переносили прежнее название Скифия на государство Киевская Русь.
27
savaraudod, falauris wyaroebi saTaves iReben avestidan.
7
seljuki saerTo warmoSobis sazogadoebebia28. ramdenadac dRemde specialistTa
kamaTis Temaa TuranelTa vinaoba, did Secdomas ar unda uSvebdnen Zveli
qarTuli wyaroebi; kerZod:
- Tu sabolood gairkveva, rom avestiseuli Turani indoevropuli samyaro
iyo (Turi - dRevandeli avRaneTis teritoriaze mcxovrebi eTnosi?)29,
firdousis gavleniT (?) Seqmnili qarTveli mematianis mosazreba mainc ar unda
miviCnioT did cdomilebad, vinaidan dResac sakamaToa am xalxis
indoevropuloba;
- Tu eTnonimi Turqi marTla momdinareobs Tur- fuZisgan, Zveli
qarTveli mematianis logika mecnierulia;
- Tu dadgindeba, rom Turqebi Turanelebisgan warmoiSvnen, Cveni mematiane
camde marTali yofila...
amrigad, qarTul enobriv velSi, sul mcire, 11-13 saukunis win arsebobs
eTnonimi Turqi, romlis istoria unda ganvixiloT "qarTlis cxovrebis"
Sesavali nawilis siZvelis Sesabamisad. "qarTlis cxovrebis" cnobebi
kiaxsarisgan/qaixosrosgan devnil "TurqTa" Sesaxeb, aseve, bun-msazRvreliani
eTnonimis (Turqis) ganzogadeba "sastiki warmarTis" aRsaniSnavad, asaxavs
TurqTa (/skviTTa?) Sesaxeb axali welTaRricxvis pirveli aTaswleulis
dasasrulis qarTvelTa siRrmiseul (mecnierul) codnasa da mkafio
Tvalsazriss. mocemul konkretul SemTxvevebSi - qarTuli wyaroebis zemoT
ganxiluli epizodebSi - Semdegi saxis informacia gvaqvs:
"qarTlis cxovreba" (ufro Tanamimdevruli informacia):
aleqsandre didis dros (winare qristianul) saqarTveloSi cxovrobdnen
qarTvelebi, romlebic siveluriT hgandnen qaixosros mier gamodevnil
"Turqebs", romelTa nawili qarTvelTa nebarTviT kompaqturad dasaxlda
sarkineSi. aleqsandrem daimorCila qarTlis/saqarTvelos ZiriTadi
mosaxleoba, xolo sarkineSi dasaxlebuli "Turqebi" aleqsandre didis
SiSiT (11-Tviani alyis Semdeg) gadaixvewnen Crdilo kavkasiaSi.
"moqceva~ qarTlisa~" (winaaRmdegobrivi informacia):
aleqsandre didis dros (winare qristianul) saqarTveloSi cxovrobda
"TurqebiviT" veluri sazogadoeba da ltolvili honni. aleqsandrem
daimorCila saqarTvelos/qarTlis ZiriTadi mosaxleoba, gaanadgura honni,
xolo sarkineSi mcxovrebni aleqsandre didis SiSiT (11-Tviani alyis Semdeg)
gadaixvewnen Crdilo kavkasiaSi.

28
teqstis analizisaTvis ix., agreTve, g. alasania, 2008, gv. 12-16; Sdr., r. metreveli, 2008, gv.
69: "qarTlis cxovrebis" adreuli periodis ambebis aRwerisas moxseniebuli xazarebi skviTebi
arian, xolo Turqebi - Turanelebi.
29
am mosazrebas mxars dauWers qarTulSi arsebuli adreuli nasesxobebi, romlebic ufro
sparsulenovani (indoevropuli) samyaros kuTvnilebaa, vidre Turqulenovanisa.

8
damowmebuli litaratura:

i. abulaZe, 1953 - qarTlis cxovrebis Zveli somxuri Targmani, qarTuli

teqsti da Zveli somxuri Targmani gamokvleviTa da leqsikoniT (gamosca
ilia abulaZem), Tb., 1953
g. alasania, 2000 - g. alasania, qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebis bun-Turqebi (sakiTxis
istoriografia); qarTuli wyaroTmcodneoba, IX, Tb., 2000
z. aleqsiZe, 1991 - z. aleqsiZe, ambavi qarTlisa da naTesavisa maTisa, amierkavkasiis is-
toriis problemebi, Tb., 1991
m. andronikaSvili, 1966 - m. andronikaSvili, narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli enobrivi
urTierTobidan, I, Tb., 1966
i. anTelava, 2002 - saqarTvelos saistorio-wyaroTmcodneobiTi Ziebani, Tb.,
2002
z. anCabaZe, 1968 - З.В. Анчабадзе. Кипчаки Северного Кавказа по данным грузинских
летописей XI-XIV вв. - Материалы научной сессии по проблемам происхождения
Балкарского и Кавказского народов. Нальчик, 1968
v. goilaZe,2008 - v. goilaZe, hun-Turqebi kavkasiaSi, Tb., 2008
e. TayaiSvili, 1980 - Е.С. Такаишвили. Источники грузинских летописей. Три хроники.
Тифлис, 1890
s. kliaStorni, 1965 - С.Г. Кляшторный. Проблемы ранней истории племени турк (Ашина).
- Новое в советской археологии, М., 1965 (Материалы и исследования по археологии,
СССР, 130)
n. mari, 1901- Н.Я. Марр. Ипполит. Толкование Песни Песней. СПБ., 1901
g. meliqiSvili, 1969 - Г.А. Меликишвили. К истории древней Грузии. Тб.,1969
r. metreveli, 2008 - qarTlis cxovreba, Tb., 2008 (mTavari redaqtori r.
metreveli)
m. seidovi, 1969 - М. Сейдов. Опыт этимологического анализа слова Бунтурк//бунтюрк. -
Доклады АН Азерб. ССР, 1969, 8 т. XXV
t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi),
quTaisi, 2005
qarTlis cxovreba, 1955 - qarTlis cxovreba I, s.yauxCiSvilis redaqciiT, Tb., 1955
Satberdis krebuli - "Satberdis krebuli X saukunisa" (gamosacemad moamzades
b. gigineiSvilma da el. giunaSvilma), Tb., 1979
g. qavTaraZe, 2006 - g. qavTaraZe, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi ganviTarebis
sakiTxebi, kavkasiologiuri seria, II, Tb., 2006
g. wulaia, 1979 - Леонти Мровели. Жизнь Картлийских царей. Извлечение сведений с
древнегрузинского, предисловие и комментарии Г.В. Цулая. М., 1979, с.59-60
i. javaxiSvili, 1977 - i. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. VIII, Tb., 1977