xfd|f] egfO{

afn Sna ca klxn]h:tf] gf}nf] s'/f /x]g . kl5Nnf] b'O{ bzsdf g]kfndf afn Snasf]
b"|t ljsf; ePsf] 5 . xfdL :jo+ klg To;sf] s]xL xb;Dd ;fIfL 5f}+ . xfdLn] afn
Snadf sfd ubf{ gjnk/f;L lhNnfleq afn Snasf] ;ª\Vof Ps ;o eGbf klg sd
lyof] . clxn] em08} kfFr ;osf] xf/fxf/Ldf k'lu;s]sf] 5 . oBlk afn Snasf] ljsf;qmddf
logLx?sf] a9\bf] ;ª\Vofn] dfq km/skg NofPsf] 5}gÙ pgLx?sf cfGtl/s ;+/rgf,

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

sfo{qmdsf z}nL, ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx? / sfo{qmdsf bfo/fn] afn Sna cjwf/0ffdf gofF
cfofd yk]sf] 5 .
o; cWoog k':tsn] ToxL ablnFbf] cfofdnfO{ oxfFx?dfem Nofpg] k|oTg u/]sf] 5 .
tLg tn] lhNnfsf] ?kdf lrlgg] t/fO{, leqL dw]; / kxf8 ldn]/ ag]sf] gjnk/f;Ln]
g]kfnsf] lxdfn afx]ssf] ;du| kl/j]znfO{ k|ltlalDat ug]{ x'Fbf o; lhNnfnfO{ cfwf/
dfg]/ ;du| g]kfnsf] afn Snasf] cj:yf emNsfpg klg vf]lhPsf] xf] . …afn Snadf
lsg nfUg] <Ú, …afn Snan] sltv]/ xfd|} nflu ;d:of l;h{gf u5{ <Ú, …afn Snasf
;fyLx? s;/L ;+u7g ;+rfng ul//x]sf 5g <Ú, …xfd|f sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/x? s]
s] x'g\ <Ú h:tf afn Snasf ;b:ox?sf cg]sg lh1f;f o; k':tsdfkm{t w]/} xb;Dd
d]l6g]5g\ . To;afx]s afn SnanfO{ ;fem]bf/sf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ ;+3;+:yfx?n] cfufdL
lbgdf afn Sna ;DalGw gLlt lgod / sfo{qmdx? agfpFbf o; cWoognfO{ cfwf/
dfg]/ cfkm\gf sdL sdhf]/Ldf ;'wf/ NofpFb} yk k|efjsf/L 9+uaf6 cl3 a9\g ;xof]u
k'Ug]5 eGg] xfd|f] clek|fo xf] .
gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] afn Snasf] OltxfF;df of] k':ts Pp6f P]ltxfFl;s b:tfj]hsf]
?kdf t /xg] 5 g} To; afx]s b]ze/sf cGo lhNnfsf afn Snax?n] ;d]t o;nfO{
;xof]uL k':tssf ?kdf lng]5g\ . /, afn Sna ;DalGw hfgsf/L lng rxfg] hf] sf]xLsf
nflu ;d]t of] k':ts pkof]uL dflgg]5 .
xfdLnfO{ o; k':ts tof/ ug]{ qmddf lg/Gt/ ;dLkdf /x]/ ;Nnfx ;'emfj Pj+ pTk|/] 0ff
lbg'x'g] k5f}6]kg pGd'ng ;dfhsf zflns/fd kf08] / lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldltsf
lji0f' nfld5fg] ljz]if wGojfbsf kfq x'g'x'G5 . To;afx]s o; k':ts tof/Lsf qmddf
lkmN8df hfFbf ;xof]u tyf ;dGjo ug'x{ g' ] ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx? / ljz]ifu/L afn Snadf
ljut / jt{dfgdf sfd ug'{x'g] ;Dk"0f{ JolQmx? h;sf] pT;fx / nugzLntfn] ubf{ g}
o; k':ts hGdg] cj;/ kfof], jxfFx? ;a}k|lt xfd|f] ljz]if :g]x tyf wGojfb 5 .
cfufdL ;+:s/0f yk kl/dfh{g;fy Nofpg ;sf/fTds ;Nnfxx? ;bf :jfutof]Uo /xg]5g\ .

Ÿ cWoogstf{x?
 ljifo;"rL
;f/;+If]k
!= kl/ro
afn Sna
s_ ;+u7gsf] pTklt

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

v_ ;+u7gsf] cfGtl/s ;+/rgf
g]kfndf afn Snasf] ljsf;qmd
s_ hfu[lt afn Sna :yfkgf klxn]
v_ hfu[lt afn Sna :yfkgf kl5
@= afn Snasf] ;+/rgf / ;+rfng k|lqmof
afn Snasf] ;b:o ;+Vof
afn Snasf sfd
afn Snan] afnaflnsfsf hLjgdf NofPsf] /fd|f kl/jt{gx?
afn Sna;Fu} afn kqsfl/tf
afn Sna ;+rfng k|lqmofdf cfPsf r'gf}tL
k':tf x:tfGt/0fsf] cefj
#= afn Snadf x'g] k|hftflGqs cEof;
lgoldt a}7s, lgjf{rg, k|:tfj÷cg'df]bg, ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf,
sfo{of]hgf
afn Snasf] btf{
$= ;kmntfsf syfx?
%= afn Snasf] ljwfg
^= lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldltdf ;"rLs[t afn Snax?sf] ljj/0f
&= cWoogsf ;'emfjx?
;f/;+If]k
g]kfndf afn Snasf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ afn ;xeflutftkm{ ljZjdf ePsf yf]/} /fd|f
cEof;x?dWo] x]l/G5 . afnaflnsfdf ;f+u7lgs sfo{k|s[ofsf] ljsf; ;fg}b]lv
x'Fbf b]zn] hGdfpg] efjL g]t[Tjx?df k|hftflGqs Jojxf/ / cfr/0fsf] ljsf;
x'g k'Ub5 . csf]{tkm{ ;dfhdf afnaflnsfx? afn clwsf/sf If]qdf ;r]tgf
hufpg], afn clwsf/ k|a4{g ug]{ / clwsf/ xgg ePsf 7fpFdf To;nfO{
Go"lgs/0fb]lv pGd'ng ug]{ ;Ddsf] sfdsf nflu bafa ;d"xsf] ?kdf sfd ugf{n]
afn clwsf/ ;+/If0f / k|a4{gdf 6]jf k'U5 . o;sf cnfjf afnaflnsfx? :jo+ddf
afn Snas} sf/0f cfPsf /fd|f pbxf/0fx? klg 5g\ . JolQmTj ljsf;, ;/;kmfO{bl] v
lnP/ l;h{gzLntfsf] ljsf;df afn Sna ;xfos ag]sf] 5 eg] ;fg}b]lv s'nt

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

/ lj;+ultdf km:g] sfd lgs} sd x'g k'us ] f] 5 . o;f] eGb}df afn Snasf cWofF/f]
kf6f] g} gePsf eg] xf]Ogg\ . afn Snasf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/nfO{ olsg ug{
g;Sbf pgLx?sf] k9fO{df x«f; cfpg], of}g / of}ghGo ljs[ltdf km:g] / ;fg}bl] v
;]jfd'vL eGbf klg k};fd'vL cfr/0fx? ljsf; x'g]h:tf w]/yf]/ ;d:ofx? klg
b]lvPsf 5g\ .
afn Snasf ;sf/fTds kIfb]lv r"gf}tL;Ddsf] ;du| s'/fnfO{ o; cWoog k':tsdf
;d]l6Psf] 5 . g]kfndf afn Snasf] If]qdf cu|0fL tyf pbxf/0fLo dflgPsf]
gjnk/f;L lhNnfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ b]zs} afn Snasf] ;du| lrq ptfg{ vf]Hg'
o;sf] ljz]iftf xf] . If]qkmn, hftLo, ef}uf]lns, ;fF:s[lts cfwf/df klg ljljwtfk"0f{
x'gfn] gjnk/f;L lhNnfnfO{ g} o; cWoogsf] nflu pko'Qm lhNnf rog ul/Psf]
xf] .

!= kl/ro v08
afn SnaM
afn Sna afnaflnsfn] l;h{gf u/]sf] ;+u7g xf] h;\ :yfkgfsf] cfwf/ k|foM
v'sn' f] x'gu] 5{ / lj:tf/} cfkm\g} cg'ejaf6 l;Sb}, ;lRrFb} / c?sf] b]vfl;sL u/]/
To;n] Jojl:yt ;+u7gsf] ?k lng k'U5 . To;}n] afn SnanfO{ afn efjgfx?sf]
;xL k|ltlglwTj x'g] plrt d~rsf] ?kdf a'em\g ;lsG5 . cfkm\gf efjgfTds
cleJolQm / l;h{gzLn kIfx? phfu/ ug]{ cj;/ ToxfF afnaflnsfn] kfpg] u5{g\
eg] pgLx?df ;dfhk|ltsf] bfloTjaf]wsf] ljsf; x'g k'U5 . ;du| ?kdf afnaflnsfx?
3/leqsf] jftfj/0faflx/ lg:s]/, /]l8of]÷l6eL / lel8of] u]d h:tf sfddf dfq
gcNem]/ Jojxf/xfl/s b'lgofdf /Db} :j:y lqmofsnfkx?dfkm{t cfkm\gf] bfo/f
lj:tf/ ug]{ cj;/ afn Snadfkm{t kfpF5g\ .

1
 s_ ;+u7gsf] pTklQM
;dfhdf cg]sg ljrf/, cfr/0f / ?lr ePsf afnaflnsfx? x'G5g\ . ;fg}df
cfkm\g} 3/leqsf] kl/j]zdf /dfpg] pgLx? la:tf/} lxF8\g, af]Ng ;Sg] ePkl5
cfkm\gf] ;fyLx?sf] ;s{n la:tf/ u5{g\ . pgLx? k9\g] :s'ndf, v]Ng], e]6g\ ] rf}tf/f,
rf}/df x]nd]n a9\b} hfFbf cfkm\gf ;femf ?lrx? klxrfg ug{ k'Ub5g\ . h;s}
sf/0f ;+u7gsf] ljsf; x'g k'U5 . /, ToxL ;fgf] ;d"xsf ;b:ox?n] cfkm\gf cGo
;fyLx?nfO{ klg ;d"xdf ld;fpFb} n}hfG5g\ / cGttM ToxL ;d"x g} afn Sna
aGg k'U5 .
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

Vf_ ;+u7gsf] cfGtl/s ;+/rgfM

;d"xdf slxNo} klg Ps}vfnsf afnaflnsfx? x'Fb}gg\ . ;a} k|foM km/s–km/s
Ifdtf / bIftf af]s]sf x'G5g\ . s;}df afx\o ?kdf g]t[Tj ug]{ Ifdtf x'G5 t
s;}df cfGtl/s Joj:yfkgsf] . s;}n] b:tfj]hLs/0f ug{ hfg]sf x'G5g\ t s;}n]
cfly{s Joj:yfkg . o:tf cg]svfn] Pj+ km/skm/s Ifdtf / bIftfs} sf/0f afn
Snan] k"0f{ cfsf/ kfpF5 . ;d"xdf /x]s} sf/0f pgLx? cfkm\gf] Ifdtfsf] klxrfg
ug]{ cj;/ klg kfpF5g\ . oBlk ;a}n] cfkm} cfkm\gf] Ifdtf k|bz{g gug{ ;S5g\
h;sf sf/0f ;fyLx?n] klxrfg u/fOlbg] Ifdtfn] klg pgLx?df g]t[Tj ljsf;
u/fO/fv]sf] x'G5 .

clwsf+z afn Snasf] cfGtl/s ;+/rgfx? z'?df cfk;L 5nkmn / ;xdltsf

cfwf/df lgdf{0f x'G5g\ eg] la:tf/} To;n] cGo k|hftflGqs k|s[ofx? -lgjf{rg
/ WjgL ;dy{g_ klg ln+b} hfG5 .

g]kfndf afnSnasf] lasf;qmdM

afn Snasf] lasf;qmdnfO{ oxfF b'O{ v08df ljefhg u/]/ x]g'{ plrt x'G5 .
gjnk/f;Ld} u7g ePsf] hfu[lt afn Sna–g]kfn clwsf/d'vL cjwf/0ff;fy
u7g ePsf] g]kfnsf] klxnf] afn Sna xf] h;otf afnSnax?sf] ljsf;qmd a9]sf]
kfOG5 . To;df ;b:ox? afnaflnsf g} ePtf klg To;cl3 klg leGg} tl/sfaf6
afnaflnsfsf ;+u7gx? lqmoflzn ePsf] kfOG5 . To;}n] hfu[lt afn SnanfO{
dWoljGb" dfg]/ To;cl3 / To;kl5sf] afn Snasf] lasf;qmdnfO{ oxfF k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 .
s_ hfu[lt afn Sna :yfkgf x'g'eGbf klxn]
To;cl3 afnaflnsfsf ;+u7gx? k|foM ljBfno xftfleq s]lGb|t x'Gy] . h'lgo/
/]8qm; ;s{n, :sfp6 o;sf k|d'v pbxf/0f x'g\ . To;afx]s ;fF:s[lts ;d"x,
v]ns'b Pj+ cGo cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk ;+rfng ug{sf] nflu ;bgx? Uf7g x'Gy] .

2
pgx?sf] d'Vo sfd ljBfno xftfleq ;x/;kmfO{, j[Iff/f]k0f, cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkx?df
;bgdfkm{t ;xeflu x'g] -slxn]sfxLF cfof]hgf tyf Jofj:yfkg ug]{ klg_
uYof]{ . ;dfhdf x'g] :jf:Yo lzlj/, cfd;ef h:tf ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmdx?df
pgLx?n] :jo+;]jssf] ?kdf klg sfd ug]{uy]{ h'g clxn];Dd klg ;fgf] ?kaf6
ePklg hf/L g} 5 .

v_ Hffu[lt afn Sna :yfkgf ePkl5

Affn clwsf/sf s'/fnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ clwsf/d'vL tj/sf] afn Sna cfGbf]ngsf]
z'qkft hfu[lt afn Snan] u/]sf] kfOG5 . afn r]tgf ;d"xn] klg cfkm"nfO{

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

g]kfnsf] klxnf] afn Snasf] ?kdf bfaL ug]{u5{ . o;df cg]s ts{ljts{nfO{
s]nfpg' eGbf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf btf{sf] lx;fan] hfu[lt g} klxnf] afn
Snasf] ?kdf w]/}n] a'em\g] u5{g\ . !((#÷!(($ otf z'?df g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm
/fi6«;l+ 3o afnclwsf/ dxf;lGwsf nflu /fli6«o k|ltj]bg tof/ kfbf{ afn Snasf]
clwsf/d'vL ;+u7gx? :yfkgsf] s'/f pNn]v kfOG5 . ;g\ !((! df Knfgn] cfˆgf]
sfo{ If]qdf x/]s ufpFdf Ps afnSnasf] k|lqmof, !((#÷!(($ df ;xefuLtfTds
cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd dfkm{t PS;g P8\ g]kfnn] / !((@÷)(# df ;]e b lrN8]g«
gj]{n] cfˆgf] sfo{If]qdf …afn aflnsf Ps csf{sf] nfluÚ sfo{qmd dfkm{t afn
Snax? agfPsf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L !((^ df xft]dfnf] afn ;d"x, To;}u/L !((^
af6 l;ljgn] afnclwsf/ d~r, OG;]sn] afnclwsf/ r]tgf ;d"xsf] gfdaf6
;d'bfo / ljBfnox? afnSnax? :yfkgf u/]sf] kfOG5 . oBlk @)$* ;fndf
gjnk/f;Lsf] k|ultgu/df :yfkgf ePsf] gjk|eft afn Sna g} @)%@ df cfˆgf]
gfd kl/jt{g u/L hfu[lt afn Sna gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] pgLx? atfpF5g\ . hfu[lt
afn Sna–g]kfn :yfkgfn] u/fPsf] Pp6f /fd|f] ;+st] afn Snax? :jt:km"t{ ?kdf
klg :yfkgf x'g ;S5g\ eGg] klg lyof] .

…afn Sna;Fusf] lttfld7f ef]ufOn]

dnfO{ Ps ;Ifd, cfTdlge{/ / ;jn
gful/s aGg ;bf 3r3RofO/xG5Ú

– uLtf zdf{
k"j{ cWoIf, hfu[lt afn Sna g]kfn, k|ultgu/

3
 @= afn Snasf] ;+/rgf / ;+rfng k|s[of
afn Snasf] ;b:o ;+Vof M
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

afnSna ;~rfngsf] lglDt u7g ul/g] sfo{;ldlt

;ª\Vof slDtdf % b]vL lnP/ a9Ldf !( ;b:oLo;Dd
ePsf]nfO{ /fd|f] dflgG5 . afn Sna ;+rfngsf]
;xhtfnfO{ dWogh/ u/]/ of] ;ª\Vofsf] bfo/f
tf]lsPsf] xf] . oBlk ;b:o ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df afn xfd|f] afn Snadf
Snax?sf kl5Nnf cEof;x? eg] ;f]xL cg'?k gePsf !@ ;o al9
klg 5g\ . gjnk/f;Lsf !^* afn Snadf ul/Psf] ;b:ox? 5g\ .
cWoognfO{ x]g{] xf] eg] slDtdf $ b]lv al9df !@)) Snasf] ;fwf/0f
;ª\Vof ePsf afn Snax? klg e]l6P . ;fdfGotM ;ef ufp“s} cGo
;f+u7lgs ?kdf afnaflnsfnfO{ sdhf]/ 7flgg] u/]tf
klg sltko afn Snax?df pQm k|so[ f pbxf/l0fo 7"n} ;+u7gx?sf]
g} kfOG5 . st} afn Snadf cfPsf ;a} hgf h:tf] x'g] u5{ .
;b:os} ?kdf x'G5g\ eg] st} …;fwf/0f ;b:oÚ / xfd|f] oxL Ifdtf
…sfo{sf/0fL ;b:oÚ u/L b'O{ efudf ljeflht x'G5g\ . b]v]/ xf]nf
/, lglZrt ;dosf] cGt/fndf ;fwf/0f ;b:o dWoaf6} SnanfO{ ufpFdf
sfo{ s f/0fL ;ldltsf] nflu pgLx? lgjf{ l rt
x'G5g\ . sfo{sf/0fL ;ldltdf /xg] afn Snasf
ljz]if dxTj lbP/
;b:ox? afn Snasf d'Vo g]t[Tjstf{ x'G5g\ eg] x]l/G5 .
;fwf/0f ;b:ox? afn Snasf sfo{qmdx?df lg/Gt/
;xefuL x'Fb} eflj g]t[Tjsf nflu cfkm"nfO{ tof/
kfl//fv]sf x'G5g\ .
kl5Nnf] ;do ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yfx? afn
Sna;Fu sfd ugf{n] pgLx?sf] cfGtl/s ;+u7gdf
;d]t ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj al9/x]sf] 5 . :yfgLo dw' wjt
:t/df ePsf hghftL, efiff / wd{sf] cfwf/df ;a}nfO{ ;b:o,
;d]6g\ ] k|of;x? al9/x]sf] kfOG5 . afn ;r]tgf ;d"x
k|hftflGqs k|so[ fsf] /fd|f] cEof; kfOPsf] afnSnadf k|tfkk'/

4
cWoIf, pkfWoI,f ;lrj, ;x;lrj, sf]iffWoIf / ;b:ox?
x'gu] 5{g\ . To;afx]s lglZrt sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{
;xh x'g] eGb} ljleGg pk;ldltx? ;d]t agfOPsf
x'G5g\ . pk;ldltsf] g]t[Tj sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf …dlxgfjf/L x'“bf
;b:oaf6} x'g] kfOG5 . oBlk To;sf] ;b:odf ;fwf/0f s]6Lx?n] :s'n g}
;b:o dWo]af6 ;d]t /fVg ;lsg] x'bF f To;n] qmda4 5f8\g' kg]{ ;d:ofn] ubf{
g]t[Tj ljsf;nfO{ a9fjf lbPsf] 5 . xfd|f] afn Snan] clxn]
cfkm} sf]if hDdf kf/]/
afnSnasf sfdM ljBfnodf ;]g6] /] L Kof8
ljt/0f ul//fv]sf] 5Ú

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

afn Snasf] b"|t ljsf;;Fu} pgLx?sf sfdx? klg
Aofks bfo/fdf a9\g yfln;s]sf 5g\ . ljBfno jf – /ljgf dNn
;d'bfodf l;h{gfTds lqmofsnfkx?;Fu} afn clwsf/ sf]iffWoIf, Hjfnf afn
k|j4{gsf] If]qdf pgLx?sf sfo{qmdx? Af9\tf s]Gb|Lt Sna, b]p/fnL
ePsf] kfOG5 .
gjnk/f;L lhNnfdf ;fdfGotM afn Snan] ug]{ u/]sf …ufp“–6f]ndf gfnfdf
sfdx? lgDg 5g\M kmf]x/x? hd]/ b'3{Gw
• ljleGg /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo dxTjsf lbj;sf km}lnPkl5 xfdLx?
cj;/df l;h{gfTds sfo{qmdx? cfkm}n
+ ] gfnf ;kmf u¥of}+
• hGd btf{, vf]k, ljBfno egf{ cleofgdf k|rf/k|;f/ h;nfO{ kR5\ofpFb} klg
cleofg 7"nfa9fx? klg cfPÚ
– k|bLk u'?Ë
• :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{df hgr]tgf
cWoIf, gjr]tgf afn
• afnaflnsf dfyL x'g] afn>d zf]if0f, of}g zf]if0f, Sna, lqj]0fL
j]rljvg, afnljjfx, ax'ljjfx, cgd]n ljjfx,
e]befj, oftgf, s'6lk6 nufotsf afnclwsf/
pNn+3gsf 36gfx? lj?4 bafa tyf lj/f]w …xfdLnfO{ ljBfnon]
cleofgx? cfkm\gf] j}7s /
• lgMz'Ns clgjfo{ lzIff tyf cfly{s ?kdf ljkGg of]hgfx? Afgfp“bf
;fyLx?nfO{ z}lIfs ;xof]u ;+sng tyf l6p;g lgoldt ?kdf
sIff ;+rfng . af]nfpg] u5{Ú
• klqsf tyf leQ] klqsf k|sfzg . – lr/0f 7f8f
;lrj, gj k|ultzLn afn
• ;/;kmfO{ tyf j[Iff/f]k0f sfo{qmd .
Sna, -l;l4 lgDg dflj,
• afn k':tsfnosf] ;~rfng . ldy's/d_
• ljleGg wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts tyf ;fdflhs sfo{df
:jo+;j] ssf] e"ldsf lgjf{x .

5
 • hfF8, /S;L, r'/f]6 lj/f]wL cleofg .
• /]l8of] sfo{qmd ;'Gg] / ;~rfng ug]{ .
• ¥ofnL, d]nf cGt/s[of -ljleGg ljifoj:t'df_ .
• afnaflnsf zflGtIf]q x'g] cleofg .
• hgr]tgfTds ;8s gf6s .
• gofF ;+ljwfgdf cfˆgf] s'/fx? ;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:ox? Dffkm{t ;DalGwt
7fpFdf ;Dk|]if0f .
• u|fdL0f:t/df x'g] ;fgf ljsf;sf] sfo{df cleefjs ;Fu} uP/ ;Sbf] ;xof]u
k|bfg ug]{ .
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

• ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, ufpF kl/ifb\, cfdlGqt ;b:osf] ?kdf ;xefuL

eO{ cfˆgf] ;d:of / /fo÷dt k|:t't ug{ .
• ljleGg v]ns'bsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ .
• ljleGg cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/L To;sf] cg'udg u/L k|ult k|ltj]bg
tof/ u/L ;DalGw 7fpFdf k]z ug]{ .
• af6f]3f6f], rf}tf/f, ljBfno lgdf{0f, cflb .

kl5Nnf] ;do afn Snax? ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] kxndf klg :yfkgf x'g
yfn]kl5 pgLx?sf sfo{qmdx?df ljs[lt tyf ;d:ofx? Kflg b]Vg yflnPsf] :jo+
afn Snasf afnaflnsfx? Kflg l:jsf5{g\ . lglZrt If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;+:yfx?n]
cfkm\gf] ;f]xL p2]Zok"lt{sf nflu afnaflnsfnfO{ k|of]u ubf{ To;n] ljs[lt klg
NofO/x]sf] kfOG5 . h:t}, jftfj/0fsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;+:yfn] jftfj/0fLo d'2fd}
sfd ug{ afn Sna vf]lnlbG5g\ t jg;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ;+:yfn] jg ;+/If0fs}
p2]Zodf afn SnanfO{ k|of]u u5{g\ . ;f]sf] nflu pgLx?n] s]xL xb;Dd
afnaflnsfnfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u / cGo ;fdfu|Lx? Kflg pknAw t u/fO/fv]sf
5g\ t/ To;n] afn Snasf] jf:tljs cjwf/0ffnfO{ laufl//fv]sf] 5 . l;h{gzLn
sfddf nufOg'kg]{ afn Snasf] x}l;ot st} pkef]Qmf ;d"x ;/xsf] t eO/fv]sf]
5}g eGg] k|Zg klg ;fy;fy} hlGdPsf] 5 .

afnSnan] afnaflnsfsf] hLjgdf NofPsf /fd|f kl/jt{gx?

• afnaflnsfx? cfˆgf] clwsf/x? klxrfg ug{ ;Sg] ePsf 5g\
• afnaflnsfsf cGt/lglxt l;h{gzLn Ifdtfx? k|:km'6g x'g] cj;/ l;h{gf
eO{ JolQmTj ljsf;sf] cj;/x? l;h{gf ePsf 5g\ .
• cfkm" / cfˆgf ;fyLx?sf] ;d:ofx? s]–s] 5g\÷x'G5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] 5nkmn
/ ljZn]if0f ug]{ ;xof]u ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ePsf 5g\ .

6
• afnSnasf ;b:ox?df cfTdljZjf;sf] a9]sf] 5 .
• g]t[Tj ljsf;sf cj;/x? l;h{gf ePsf 5g\ .
• afnSnasf afnaflnsf jo:s x'Fbf cfTdljZjf;L nugzLn, ;Ddflgt /
cfTdlge{/ o'jfsf] ?kdf kl/lrt ePsf 5g\ .
• of]hgf agfpg]b]vL ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ljifosf ;fy :yfgLo >f]t /
;fwgsf] k|of]u;Fu} sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Ifd ePsf 5g\ .
• k|hftflGqs tyf nf]stflGqs ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 .
• ;fd"lxs sfo{z}nLsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 .
• afnclwsf/ ;a}sf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo xf] eGb} afnclwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfx?df

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

sdL Nofpg ;xhstf{ / kx/]bf/sf] ?kdf afnaflnsfx? sfd ul//fv]sf
5g\ .
• ;xdlt ;xsfo{ / cfˆgf clwsf/ ;DaGwL ultljlwx?df ;xefuLtf clej[l4
ub}{ afn arfj6, ;+/If0f, ljsf; / ;xefuLtfsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{
sfo{df lhDd]jf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ .
• jo:s ;dfh;]jL, a'l4hLjL, lzIfs nufotsf ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmx?;Fusf]
lg/Gt/ e]63f6 / cGt/lqmofn] jo:sx?nfO{ klg ;fem]bf/sf] ?kdf lng
yfn]sf 5g\ .

Affn Sna;“u} afn kqsfl/tf

Gfjnk/f;LDff afn Snax?n] u/]sf pNn]vgLo lqmofsnfkx?
dWo] afn klqsf k|sfzgnfO{ klg lng ;lsG5 . z'?df
leQ] klqsfaf6 cg'ej ;+ufn]/ clxn] pgLx? Dofu]lhg;Dd
cfOk'u]sf 5g\ . o; k|of;n] afn clwsf/sf] k|j4{gdf 6]jf
t k'us] f] 5 g}, To;afx]s pgLx?df ;'if'Ktj:yfdf n's/] /x]sf]
k|ltef aflx/ NofO{ x'sf{pg] sfo{sf] ljsf; ;d]t ePsf] 5 .
;fy;fy} afn Snasf ultljlw Pj+ s'/fx? hgdfg; / ;DalGwt
7fpF;Dd k'¥ofpg] d~rsf] sfd ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .
cfkm\gf kqklqsfnfO{ v'/fs k'¥ofpg] qmdd} afn Snasf afnaflnsfx? ;/f]sf/sf
lgsfo;Dd k'u/] cfkm\gf lh1f;fx? /fVg ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?,
Jofkf/Lx?, lj1fkgbftfx?, ;flxTosf/ Pj+ n]vsx?;dIf e]6]/ n]v/rgf tyf
lj1fkg p7fpg hfFbf x'g] k|ToIf e]63f6 / s'/fsfgLn] pgLx?df ;f] ;Lksf] ljsf;
klg ;fg}b]lv x'g kfPsf] 5 .
oBlk gjnk/f;Ldf yf]/} afn Snasf afnaflnsfx?n] dfq afn kqsfl/tf tflnd
kfPsf 5g\ . cfk;df ldn]/ n]v/rgfsf ljifoa:t' klxrfg ug]{ / k|sfzg of]Uo

7
 agfpg] qmdd} pgLx?n] ;Dkfbg ;Lk ljsf; u/]sf 5g\ .
afn Snasf] d'vkqsf] ?kdf clwsf+z afn Snax?sf] cfkm\g}
leQ] klqsfx? 5g\ . h'g Ps ;o ?kofFeGbf sd vr{d}
tof/ x'g]u5{ . x:tlnlvt x'g] o:tf leQ] klqsfx? w]/}h;f]
ljBfnosf ;"rgf kf6Ldf 6fFl;G5g\ eg] sltko 7fpFdf afn
Snan] cfkm\g} ;"rgf kf6L{ agfP/ dflg;x? a9\tf hd36
x'g] lrof k;n / rf}tf/fdf ;d]t /fVg] Joj:yf u/]sf] x'G5 .
gjnk/f;LDff afn Sna :jo+n] Dofu]lhg lgsfNg] sfdsf] z'?jft eg] hfu[lt
afn Sna, k|ultgu/n] u/]sf] xf] . :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} lgoldt leQ]klqsf k|sfzg
ub}{ cfO/fv]sf pgLx?n] @)%* ;fnotf cw{jflif{s ?kdf k|sfzg x'g] u/L …afn
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

OGb|]0fLÚ afnklqsfsf] z'?jft u/] h'g kl5Nnf] $ aif{otf aflif{s ?kdf k|sfzg
e}/x]sf] 5 .
To;afx]sf gjnk/f;Lsf b'ud { kxf8L uflj;sf ultljlwx?
;d]6\g] eGb} @)^) otf lxdfnog ;fd'bflos ljsf; d~r
-lxsf]8]km_ n] …afn l;h{gfÚ afn klqsf k|sfzg ug]{
uYof]{ . o;/L afn OGb|]0fL / afn l;h{gfaf6 z'? ePsf]
sfdnfO{ kR5\ofpFb} klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qd} klxnf]k6s
gjnk/f;Ldf :yfkgf ePsf] lhNnf e/sf afn Snax?sf]
;~hfn …afn ;d"x lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltÚ n] …piffÚ afn
klqsfnfO{ q}dfl;s ?kdf k|sfzg z'? u¥of] . piff afn klqsfsf]
ljz]iftf eGg' afnaflnsfsf /rgfnfO{ eGbf a9\tf afnaflnsfsf ;/f]sf/sf
ljifonfO{ ;dfrf/ / lkmr/nfO{ pNn]Vo :yfg lbg' xf] . afnSnasf] ;~hfn
lhNnfJofkL ?kdf /x]s} sf/0f o;sf ;+jfbbftfx? Klg lhNnfe/d} 5g\ / klqsf
;a} afn Snax?dfem k'U5 .
dfly pNn]v ul/Psf …afn OGb|]0fLÚ, …afn l;h{gfÚ / …piffÚsf] ljz]iftf eGg' g}
To;df k|of]u x'g] z'4 afn k|of]u xf] . /rgfb]lv ;Dkfbg;Ddsf] sfd k"/}
afnaflnsfn] g} ;S5g\ . piffnfO{ kl5Nnf] ;do o'lg;]kmn] cw{aflif{s ?kdf
k|sfzgsf] nflu cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpF5 eg] …afn OGb|]0fLÚ cem} klg
afnaflnsfs} kxndf h'6g\ ] lj1fkgsf] e/df rn]sf] 5 . …afn l;h{gfÚ eg] kl5Nnf]
s]xL ;dootf k|sfzg eO/fv]sf] 5}g . afn Snasf log} k|of;af6 p7]/ kqsfl/tf
/ n]vgsf If]qdf /fi6«JofkL ?kd} VoftL sdfPsf / 7"nf ;~rf/u[xdf sfd ug]{
o'jfx?sf] ;ª\Vof klg clxn] nfdf] eO;s]sf] 5 .
To;afx]s lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldlt, k5f}6]kg pGd'ng ;dfh, OGb|]0fL ;dfh
s]Gb|n] klg afn klqsfx? k|sfzg ul//fv]sf 5g\ . t/ To;df ;Dkfbgsf] lhDdf
eg] cem} jo:sx?s} xftdf 5 .

8
afnSna ;~rfng k|s[ofdf cfPsf r'gf}tL
• afnSnanfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;+:yfx? / cfˆg} Snasf ultljlwx?sf] nflu slxn]
sfxLF sfo{qmdx?df efu lng hfFbf jf k7fpFbf 3/df cj]/ k'Ug], k9fO{ 5'6g\ ]
/ 3/ 5f]8]/ /ft sf6\g] u/L aflx/ hfg' kbf{, 3/ kl/jf/ ;d'bfodf
cleefjsx?nfO{ s'/f a'emfpg ufx|f] ePsf] .
• k|To]s lhNnfdf afnSnax?nfO{ ;xlhs/0f ug]{ /fHosf] clwsfl/s lgsfo
lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltdf dfgj ;|ft] / cfly{s ;|ft] sf] cefjn] afnSnasf,
ultljlwx? clen]v /fVg ;xof]u ;'emfj ;xeflutf hgfpg cK7\of/f] k/]sf]
5.
•

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

;jf]{Rr cbfntn] afnaflnsfsf] ;+:yfnfO{ sfg"gL dfGotf k|bfg ug]{ egL
lg0f{o u/]sf] ePtf klg To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] lglDt /fHo / u}/ ;/sf/L
;+:yfx?n] plrt kxn ug{ g;Sgfn] afn Snasf] sfg"gL dfGotfsf] ;Gbe{df
cGof}n sfod} 5 .
• afnSnax? kl/of]hgfd"vL ePsf / kl/of]hgf x'Fbf ;xof]u kfpg] tyf
kl/of]hgf ;lsgf;fy PSsf;L ;xof]u aGb ubf{ Sna ;d"x g} lgis[o x'g]
u/]sf] tyf sltko ;+:yfn] ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo k"/f ug{ sfo{qmd cfkm} th'{df
ug]{ u/]sf] cj:yf 5 .
• sltko kl/l:yltdf afn aflnsfx?n] lzIff / 3/ kl/jf/ eGbf afnSnanfO{
a9L dxTj lbg] u/]sf]n] afnSnak|lt cleefjs gsf/fTds l6sf l6Kk0fL ug]{
u/]sf 5g\ .
• afnaflnsf ;Fu} ;Fu} cleefjsx?nfO{ klg afn ;xeflutf / afnSna;Fu
;DalGwt sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ g;Sgfn] ;d:of b]lvPsf] 5 .
• ;xof]u ug]{, ;xlhs/0f ug]{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt,
uf=lj=;=, ljBfno cflbdf afn ;xeflutf u/fpg] :ki6 gLlt / sfg'gsf]
cefj ePsf]n] sfd ug]{ ;dodf c;xof]u / s]6f s]6L s} ?kdf dfq x]g]{
u/]sf] cj:yf 5 .
• afn Snasf] /fd|f sfdnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg k'/:s[t ug{ g;Sg' t/ sfd ug]{ ;jfndf
ePsf] ;fgf uNtLnfO{ 7"nf] d'2f agfOg] u/]sf] 5 .
• ;a} hfthflt efiff wd{ If]q lnËnfO{ ;dfg ?kn] ;xefuL u/fpg g;Sg' .
• afnSnasf] :yfkgfsf] cf}lrTo, Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng k|s[of, clwsf/ /
st{Josf] ljifodf ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] cefjdf ;a}nfO{ k|:6 kfg{ g;Sg' .
• afnSnadf ;+nUg afnaflnsfsf] ;Ifd x'g] ePsf]n] /fhg}lts kf6L{df eft[
;+u7gn] k|of]u ug{ vf]Hg' .
• 3/ kl/jf/sf] JolQmsf] gfd hf]8]/ afnaflnsfnfO{ klg /fhg}lts 9Ëaf6
x]l/g' / Jojxf/ ul/g' .

9
 k':tf x:tfgt/0fsf] cefj
lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldlt, gjnk/f;L;Fu kl5Nnf] ;do cfa4tf /]s8{Dff /x]sf]
tYof+snfO{ s]nfpg] xf] eg] $#) afn Snax? /x]sf] kfOG5 . t/ o; cWoogsf]
;dodf ul/Psf] s]xL cWoog e|d0fnfO{ x]g{] xf] eg] …s] TotL g} ;ª\Vofdf lhNnfe/
afn Snax? ;s[o 5g\ t <Ú eGg] ;jfnx? hlGdG5g\ . t/ sltko 7fpFdf afn
Snax? :yfkgf eP/ klg cfa4tfsf] bfo/f;Dd cfOk'u]sf 5}gg\ .
…afn Snax? lsg nfdf] ;do;Dd l6Sb}gg\ <Ú o; laifodf cg]sy/L ts{ p7\g]
u5{g\ . h;sf] pQ/ xfdLx?n] afn Snasf afnaflnsfx?b]lv lnP/ k"j{ afn Snasf
g]tfx?af6 vf]Hg] k|of; u/]sf lyof}+ . afn Snadf nfdf] ;do sfd u/]sf cfwf/df
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

sltko k"j{ g]tfx? afn Snax? lg/Gt/ x'g g;Sg'nfO{ ;fdfGo k|so[ fsf] ?kdf lng'
kg]{ 7fG5g\ . Pp6f sdhf]/ w/ftndf :yfkgf x'g] afn Snax? nfdf] ;do;Dd
/lx/xg'k5{ eGg] s'g} sf/0f gx'g] pgLx?sf] ts{ x'gu] 5{ . oBlk gjnk/f;Ldf :yfkgf
ePsf afn Snax? tLg tl/sfsf 5g\ . :jt:km't{ :kdf :yfkgf x'g,] ljBfnosf]
kxndf :yfkgf x'g] / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] kxndf :yfkgf x'g] .
;d'bfodf :yfkgf ePsf w]/} afn Snax? 5g\ / nfdf] ;do;Dd lbuf] x'g] / lgs}
5f]6f] ;dod} x/fpg] afn Snax? klg oxL ;d'bfodf :yfkgf x'g]x? g} 5g\ .
o; k|sf/sf afn Snax? k"0f{tM :jtGq x'G5g\ / pgLx?sf lqmofsnfkx? klg
cGo s;}sf] cfjZostf eGbf pgLx? :jo+sf] rfxfgf / cfjZostfdf lge{/
/xG5 . oBlk g]tT[ j lasf;df dfldnfdf afn Snaleqsf s]xL ;lqmo afnaflnsfx?
g} a9\tf xfjL x'Fbf To;kl5 ljsl;t x'Fb} u/]sf] k':tfn] g]t[Tj ;Lksf] cg'ej g}
ug{ kfpFb}g . /, ltg} bfh'lbbLx? Ps txsf] :s'n ;s]/ k9\g cGoq uPkl5 jf
afNofj:yf k"/f u/]kl5 afn Sna lgl:qmo x'g k'U5 . t/ ckjfbsf ?kdf hfu[lt
afn Sna, afn ;r]tgf ;d"x, gGbefph' afn Sna, gd"gf afn Sna, afn of]hgf
;d"x klg o:t} ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t x'g\ h'g :yfkgfsf] bzs nfdf] ;do kf/
ul/;Sbf klg emg\ a9\tf ;+ul7t / ;s[o eP/ cl3 al9/x]sf 5g\ .
csf]{tkm{ ljBfnodf :yfkgf x'g] afn Snax? ljBfno k|zf;g jf lzIfx?sf]
;xof]udf :yfkgf x'G5g\ / pgLx?s} lgu/fgLDff rN5g\ . hxfF dflyNnf sIffsf
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ g]t[Tjsf] a9\tf cj;/ lbOG5 . /, jif]{gL ljBfnoaf6 aflxl/g] /
dflyNnf sIff pSng] afnaflnsfx?sf] rqm rln/xg] x'bF f oxfF k':tf x:tfgt/0f
;d:ofsf] laifo aGb}g .
To;}u/L cfkm\gf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug]u/L ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] :yfkgf
ul/lbPsf afn Snax? klg sfo{qmd cjlw ;lsP;Fu} lgl:qmo eO/x]sf 5g\ .
sfo{qmd÷kl/of]hgf ;~rfng eO/xFbf pgLx? afn SnanfO{ a9\t} ;xof]u
-cfly{s÷ef}lts_ u5{g\ h;n] pgLx?df k/lge{/tf lgs} a9fpF5 . h;s} sf/0f
;fydf tL ;+:yfx? gx'Fbf pgLx? afn Snaaf6 lgl:s[o x'Fb} hfG5g\ .

10
 #= afn Snadf x'g] k|hftflGqs cEof;
lgoldt a}7sM
afn Snasf afnaflnsfsf] hd36 ;a}eGbf a9\tf Snasf] a}7sdf x'g]u5{ hxfF
pgLx? cfkm\gf sfdsf] ;ldIff tyf efjL of]hgfx? lgdf{0f u5{g\ . afn Snadf
afnaflnsfx?sf] ;a}eGbf a9\tf ;do g} a}7ssf] nflu vr{ x'g] kfOG5 . To;s}
xf/fxf/Ldf afnaflnsfn] afn Snadf nufpg] ;dosf] cg'dfg ;d]t ug{
;lsG5 . o; cWoog cg';f/ gjnk/f;Ldf em08} $) k|lt;t afn Snasf

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

;b:ox?sf] j}7s a:g] s'g} lglZrt ;do 5}g . pgLx? cfjZostf cg';f/ j}7s
tyf sfo{qmdsf nflu h'6\5g\ eg], @( k|lt;t dfl;s / @^ k|lt;t ;fKtflxs
?kdf h'6\5g\ .

lgjf{rgM
Snasf sfo{;ldlt rog ug]{ ;a}eGbf al9 k|hftflGqs k|so[ fsf] ?kdf o;nfO{ lng
;lsG5 . klxn] klxn] afn Snasf ;ldltx? jo:sx?sf] kxnsbdL dfkm{t jf

;kmntfsf] syf

;+u7lgs k|s[of / k|sfzgdf cufl8 hfu[lt afn Sna

hfu[lt afn Sna–g]kfn g]kfndf btf{ ePsf] klxnf] afn Sna xf] . afn clwsf/
dxf;lGwsf] wf/f !% cg';f/ afnaflnsfn] klg cGo ;/x lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf
;+:yf btf{ ug{ kfpg'k5{ eGg] ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf d'2f xfn]/ cGttM ;kmn ePsf]
sf/0f o; afn SnanfO{ w]/}n] ;lhn} lrGg] u5{g\ .
o; afn Snasf] csf]{ ljz]iftf eg]sf] ;+u7lgs k|s[of lg/Gt/ ;+rfng ug'{ xf] .
afn Snax?sf] ;ª\Vof al9/xg] t/ k':tf x:tfgt/0fdf ;d:of b]lvg] k|zu+ cfhsn
htftt} rNg]u5{ . t/ hfu[lt afn Sna eg] o; dfldnfdf :ki6 5 . k|To]s @
aif{sf] cGt/fndf ;fwf/0f ;ef ug]{ u5{ h;df aif{e/sf ultljlwx? ;d]6/] …;f+u7lgs
k|ltj]bgÚ / cfly{s n]vfhf]vf ;d]6/] …cfly{s k|ltj]bgÚ klg tof/ kf5{ h;sf] af]wfy{
:yflgo ;fdflhs ;+:yfx?, uflj; / ljBfnox?df klg k7fpg] x'Fbf k|ultgu/df
o; afn SnanfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbg] ul/G5 .
csf]t{ km{ :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} …afn OGb|0] fLÚ leQ] klqsf lgsfNg] sfd yfn]sf pgLx?n]
kl5Nnf] ;dodf eg] afn OGb|]0fL afn Dofu]lhgsf] ( j6f c+s g} lgsfnL ;s]sf
5g\ . h;n] ubf{ cfkm"x?df w]/} l;h{gzLn ;Lk ljsf; ePsf] afn Snasf ;b:ox?
7fG5g\ .

11
 cfk;L 5nkmn / ;dembf/Laf6 5flgGYof] eg] clxn] qmdzM lgjf{rg ug]{ qmd klg
lj:tf/} z'? x'Fb} 5 . oBlk cWoog cg';f/ cem} klg ($ k|lt;t afn Snasf
;ldltx? cfk;L 5nkmnaf6} to ePsf] kfOG5 eg] lgjf{rgaf6} 5flgg] k|lt;t
ce}m $ dfq 5 .

k|:tfj÷cg'df]bgM
k|hftflGqs k|so[ f dha't x'gd
' f sfo{;ldlt lgjf{rg k|so[ faf6 5flg'g' / lgoldt
a}7s ;+rfng x'g' dfq k|ofKt 5}g . h;df pgLx?n] sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] qmddf
Nofpg] k|:tfjx? / To;sf] cg'df]bg ug]{ k|s[ofx? Kflg dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . a}7sdf
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

s'g} Ps ;b:on] Nofpg] k|:tfj / To;dfly leGgleGg dt pTkGg ePdf ax'dtåf/f

kfl/t ug]{ rng kl5Nnf] ;do nf]slk|o x'g'n] klg afn Snadf k|hftflGqs
cEof;x? a9]sf] kfOG5 .

;dfg'kflts ;xeflutfM
afn Snadf cfkm}df Pp6f sdhf]/ w/ftndf :yfkgf x'g] ;+u7g x'bF f o;df olt
g} k|ltzt afnaflnsfx? km/s km/s If]qsf x'g'k5{ eGg] j}wflgs Joj:yf t
5}g . t/ s]6f / s]6L em08} a/fa/L x'g] afn SnanfO{ cfhsn cfbz{ afn Snasf]
?kdf x]g{ yflnPsf] 5 . To;df k5fl8 kfl/Psf] blnt, ckf¨nfO{ klg :yfg lb+b}
d'nk|jfxdf Nofpg] kxn eO/fv]sf] 5 .
cWoog cg';f/ k|ltztsf] cfwf/df n}+lus ;xeflutfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ afn
Snadf s]6Lx?sf] ;xeflutf &% k|ltztb]lv $ k|ltzt;Ddsf] bfo/fdf
e]l6of] . cWoogsf] bfo/fdf sltko afn Snax?df s]6f eGbf s]6L g} al9 x'g'
;dfg'kflts ;xeflutfsf] /fd|f] ;+s]t xf] eg] s]6L sd g} ePsf afn Snadf
klg s]6Lsf] ;xeflutf vf;} lg/fzfhgs rflxF 5}g . To;afx]s afn Snaleq
em08} @! k|lt;t blnt afnaflnsfsf] k|ltlglwTj 5 .
sfo{of]hgfM
afn Snax? h;/L cGo jo:sx?sf] ;+:yfsf] cf8df :yfkgf x'G5g\ / :jt:km't{
?kdf :yfkgf x'g]x? klg ljleGg ;dodf x'g] k|lzIf0fn] ubf{ sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f
ub}{ sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ l;s]sf 5g\ . sfo{of]hgf cg';f/ sfd ubf{ lgDg
kmfObfx? x'g]u5{g\M
• sfo{qmdn] nlIft u/]sf] If]q olsg x'g'
• ck]Iff adf]lhd glthf dfkg ug{ ;lsg'
• of]hgf cg';f/ k|ltkmn k|fKt geP sdhf]/Lx? cf}+Nofpg ;lsg'
• sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L x'g' .

12
sfo{of]hgfsf] 9f“rfM
qm=;+ sfo{qmdsf] gfd nlIft If]q ;dofjwL ;DaGwLt JolQm ck]lIft k|ltkmn

Affn Snasf] btf{

Gfjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldltdf @)^& sflQs d;fGt;Dddf
$#) afn Snax?n] cfa4tfsf] k|df0fkq lnPsf 5g\ . afn Sna ;/sf/L lgsfodf
cfa4 x'g' eg]sf] pgLx?n] sfg'gL x}l;ot kfpg' xf] . oBlk o; laifo cem} klg

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

ax;s} r/0fdf 5 .
Gfjnk/f;L lhNnfs} hfu[lt afn Sna– g]kfnn] afn clwsf/ ;DaGwL dxf;GwL
!(*( sf] wf/f !% n] lbPsf] afnaflnsfsf] ;+u7g ;DaGwL :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/
k|of]u ub}{ afn SnanfO{ ;d]t cGo ;+3;+:yf ;/x lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nod} btf{
u/fpg kfpg'kg]{ ;jfn p7fPsf] lyof] . r/0fa4 ?kdf ;jf]R{ r cbfnt;Dd d'2fsf]
?kdf k'us] f] o; ljifodf cbfntn] ;sf/fTds km};nf u/]tf klg o;sf] sfof{Gof]og
;a}lt/ eO/fv]sf] 5}g . b]zleqs} cj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ ckjfbsf ?kdf s]xL lhNnf
k|zf;gdf afn Sna btf{ ul/Ptf klg ;a}lt/ ToxL ;xhtfsf ;fy afn SnanfO{
lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf btf{ ul/Psf] 5}g . ljsNksf] ?kdf lhNnf afn sNof0f
;ldltdf ;"rLs[t ul/Psf] 5 .
xfd|f] o; cWoogsf qmddf lhNnfsf kxf8L e]udf ;s[o /x]tf klg w]/} afn
Snax? lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldltsf] cfa4tf ;"lrdf c6fpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
h;sf] nflu pgLx? lhNnf ;b/d'sfd ;Dd cfpg klg ;Sb}gg\ . afn Snax?
:jefjt sdhf]/ w/ftndf /xg] x'Fbf pgLx? lhNnf k|zf;gd} btf{ ul/Fbf cfpg
;Sg] ;d:ofx? xfd|f] 5nkmnn] lgDg b]vfP–
• btf{sf] qmddf nfUg] k};f /
clws ;do
• lgoldt ug'{kg]{ gljs/0fsf]
em~em6
• n]vf kl/If0fsf] ;d:of
• lhNnf ;b/d' s fd;Dd} ;a}
;b:ox? cfpg} k g] { sfg' g L
afWotf

h;nfO{ lasNksf] ?kdf lhjfs;n] ldy's/ddf cWoogstf{x?;Fu 5nkmn ub}{

NofPsf] cfa4tf /fd|f] lasNk xf] :yfgLo afn Snasf ;b:ox?

13
 h;df x:tlnlvt ?kdf p;n] tf]s]sf] 9fFrf Affn Snax? s;/L v'N5g\ <
jf cfkm\g} ljwfgn] ;d]t afn Sna cfa4 x'g
;S5g\ . o;df ljwfgdf ;b:osf] x:tfIf/ /
hGdbtf{÷ljBfno kl/rokq ;lxt cfkm"dWo] (14.88%)

sf]xL jf c? s;};uF k7fpFbf klg x'G5 . oBlk (35.12%)

o;df ;d]t ;d:ofx? b]lvG5g\ . To;}n] (24.40%)
ljsNksf] ?kdf xfd|f] cWoogn] s]xL lgZsif{
lgsfn]sf 5g\ . sfg'gL x}l;otsf] nflu ul/g] (25.60%)

cfa4tfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgzfg 5fk /fv]sf]

:jt:k"mt{
k|df0fkqdf afn SnanfO{ ;xh x'g] lgDg
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf dfk{mt

ljsNksf ;+:yfaf6 ug{ ;lsg] :s'nsf] kxndf
• :yfgLo ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt cGo
• ljBfno

afn SnanfO{ lhNnf afn sNof0f

;ldltdf ;'lrs[t ug'{ ;sf/fTds sfd
xf] . t/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] lhNnf
k|zf;g sfof{nod} btf{ ug'k{ g]{ km};nf
u/]sf] 5 h;sf] ;Ddfg x'g'k5{ .

– ltnf]Qd kf}8]n
;+:yfks cWoIf, hfu[lt afn Sna g]kfn

14
 $= ;kmntfsf syf
art ug]{ afgL
-afn ljsf; afn ;d"x, g/d_

;f]daf/ Nxfk], g/dsf afnaflnsfsf] sfd ug]{

afn Snadf afnaflnsfx? ;"lr cGo lbgsf] eGbf s]xL km/s x'G5 .
sltsf] ;do vlr{G5g\ <

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

ljxfgsf] efn] af:bf gaf:b} afn Snadf art
ug{ hfg xtfl/G5g\ oxfFsf afnaflnsfx? .
45
40.48
b}lgs afn ljsf; afn ;d"xn] ug]{ u/]sf] jrt
40 ;fKtflxs
dfl;s
cleofgn] ubf{ To;f] ePsf] xf] h;af6 xfn;Dd
35
sfdsf]
cfwf/df
hDdf ePsf] k};f / ;f]sf] Aofhaf6} em08} !
30
26.19
28.57
nfv ?kofF ;+sng eO;s]sf] 5 . cem /f]rs
25
s'/f t afnaflnsfn] hDdf kf/]sf] cfkm\gf]
20
yf]/y} f]/} /sd cleefjsx?sf] nflu cfktljkt
15
kbf{ C0f ;xof]u :j?k klg sfd nfUg]u5{ .
10

5 4.76
afn ljsf; afn ;d"xsf ;Nnfxsf/ Pj+ k"j{
0
cWoIf >Lk|;fb u'?Ësf cg';f/ ufpF ;/;kmfO{,
/rgfTds / ;+f:s[lts sfo{qmdx?df ;d]t
To:tf] jrtsf] s]xL lx:;f vr{ x'g] u/]sf]
afn SnanfO{ ;+rfngsf] 5 . art ug]{ afnaflnsfx? rfxLF lzz'
nflu s;n] ;|f]t h'6fOlbG5 < cj:yfb]lv !* aif{dl' gsf x'G5g\ . afnaflnsfsf]
o:tf] pT;fx b]v]/ cfhsn cleefjsx? g}
aRrf hGd]sf] s]xL lbgd} art vftf vf]Ng
(22.62%) (21.43%) cfpF5g\ . aRrfn] ghfGb} art ug]{ afgL a;fNg]
xf] eg] kl5 pm cfkm\gf] gfddf k};f art
(11.31%)
eO/fv]sf] yfx kfO{ :jo+ art ug{ tlD;pg\
eg]/ afnSnasf] kxndf o;/L cleefjsx?
(44.64%)
;fg}df art vftf vf]lnlbG5g\ . To;f] ugf{n]
afnaflnsfx? s'nth:tf g/fd|f sfddf nfUb}
u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf gnfUg] 7fG5g\ afn ljsf; afn ;d"xsf
uflj;
:s'n
;b:ox? . ufpFdf afn Snasf] OHht / dxTj
cfk\mg} ;|f]t klg afn Snasf] o:tf] sfdn] x\jfTt} a9fPsf]
5 . cfktdf cGt C0f gkfpFbf jf k};fs}

15
 cefjdf ljb]z hfg gkfpFbf w]/}n] afn SnanfO{ u'xf/]sf 5g\ . h:tf] cj:yfdf
pgLx?n] @) xhf/;Dd /sd ;xof]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . h;n] ubf{ kfOg] Aofhn]
Snasf] sf]if aif]g{ L a9\bf] klg 5 . ufpFdf cfktsflng ;'Ts]/L ;fdu|L / ;'Ts]/LnfO{
:jf:Yorf}sL;Dd cf];fg]{ :6«]r/sf] Joj:yf klg Snan] ;f]xL sf]ifaf6 u/]sf] 5 .
To;}n] slxn]sfxLF cfkm"n] cfktdf ;xof]u u/]sf] eGb} To:tf JolQmx?n] ltg'{kg]{
eGbf a9\t} k};f ;d]t lkmtf{ lbg] u/]sf 5g\ .

laxfgL sIff / ;/;kmfO{df cleofgn] NofPsf] kl/jt{g

-lzjzlQm afn ;d"x / gd"gf afn ;d"x_
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] b'u{d kxf8L uflj;

?rfªsf] lzjzlQm afn Snasf afnaflnsfx?n]
z'?jft u/]sf] ljxfgL sIff ljBfnodf kl/0ft
eof] . ef}uf]lns ljs6tfsf b[li6n] lgs} b'ud {
dflgg] ?rfª (, bz/y 8fF8fdf @ aif{ cl3
afn Snasf c3'jf ;b:ox?n] :s'n hfg
g;Sg] ;;fgf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ljxfgdf
k9fpg] sfo{sf] yfngL u/]sf lyP . æoxfFaf6
glhssf] k|fylds laBfno hfg kxf8sf] sl7g :s'n ag]sf] laxfgL sIff
af6f] 3G6f}+ nufP/ hfg'kYof]{ . h'g s'/f ;;fgf
efOalxgLx?nfO{ c;Dej x'g] x'bF f xfdLn] laxfgL
sIff ;+rfng u/]sf lyof} .Æ–Snasf ;b:o
/g axfb'/ ;f?n] atfP . z'?df :s'n gx'Fbf afn Snasf afnaflnsfx? s:tf]
!& 3/ du/ kl/jf/ /x]sf] pQm a:tLdf z'?df k|sf/sf] ;xof]usf] ck]Iff
#^ afnaflnsfx? Kf9\gaf6 a+lrt lyP . clxn] /fV5g\ <
laBfno ag]kl5 bz/y 8fF8fsf w]/} afnaflnsfn] cfly{s
k9\g] cj;/ kfPsf 5g\ . 50 :6]zg/L
50.00

! / @ b'a}
45 ;xof]u grflxg]
laxfgL sIff ;+rfng ul//fv]tf klg To;n] 40 39.29

afnaflnsfsf] sIff a9\g] a}wflgstf gkfpg] 35

;d:of Psftkm{ lyof] eg] csf]t{ km{ 7"nf bfh'x? 30
cfˆgf] sIff lgoldt ?kdf ;dod} e]6\g 25
;ls/x]sf lyPgg\ . To;n] ToxfFsf :yfgLo 20
cleefjs Pj+ /fhgLlts sfo{stf{;Fusf] 15
cGt/lqmof /fv]/ pgLx?n] cfˆgf ;d:of 10 8.93

5
kf] v ] . æxfdL s;/L bz/y 8fF 8 fsf 0
1.79

afnaflnsfnfO{ k9\g] jftfj/0f agfpg] eg]/

lgs}a]/ 5nkmn u¥of}+ .Æ–Snasf ;+:yfks

16
cWoIf u'g axfb'/ v08n'sn]
atfP . æTo;af6 ToxLFsf] l5d]sL
ljBfno afnsNof0f k| f ljaf6
Pshgf lzIfs dfUg] lg0f{ o
ul/of] .Æ – pgn] yk] . To;}u/L
afnsNof0f k| f las} zfvf afn Sna ;b:o;Fu cGt/lqmof ub}{
laBfnosf] ?kdf pQm laxfgL
sIffnfO{ klg nfg] lgZsif{ lgsfn] . clxn] oxfF afn Sna / :yfgLo hgtfsf]
;xof]udf ToxfF ;fgf] kSsL ejg klg lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . klxn] ;fgf] uf]7df k9fO{
x'g] laxfgL sIff clxn] $ sf]7] ejg ;lxtsf] ljBfnodf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . xfn

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

ToxfF ljs]Gb|Llqmt afn sIffsf] sf]6f klg k/]kl5 t @ hgf lghL ;|ft] sf lzIfs /
! hgf ;/sf/L u/L # hgf ePsf 5g\ . æoxfF cem} lzIfssf] cefj 5, afn sNof0f
k|fljdf klxNo} b]lv lzIfs sd /x]sf]df clxn] ! hgf otf cfPk5L ptf cK7\of/f]
kl//x]sf] 5 . Æ– :yfgLo ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ eLdaxfb'/ /fgfn] eg] . ljBfnodf
cem} klg k|ofKt kmlg{r/ ;'ljwf k'us] f] 5}g . rkL{ / vfg]kfgLsf] cefj 5 .
ptf gd"gf afn ;d"x klg ?rfËs} dflyNnf] s'jfsf]6df k5{ h'g uflj;s} klg
;a}eGbf ljs6 e]u xf] . du/af;Lx?sf] al9 a;f]af; /x]sf] oxfF clzIffn] /fd|; } uF
h/f uf8]sf] 5 . dflg;x?df lzIff, :jf:Yo h:tf s'/fdf Tolt w]/} ;r]t
5}gg\ . h;n] ubf{ :yfgLo afn Snasf
;b:ox? cu|;/ eP .
;xof]lu lgsfon] afn SnanfO{ pgLx?n] u/]sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ sfd ufpF6f]n
pgLx? cg'sn' dfq k|of]u eO/fv]sf] g} kmf]xf]/ x'g]u/L a'+u'/ 5f8f tl/sfn] kfNg]
cg'ej u5{g\ ls ub}g{ g\ < g/fd|f] afgL ToxfFaf6 x6fpg' lyof] . h;n]
ubf{ ;?jf tyf cGo g/fd|f] /f]ux?sf] ;+qmd0f
a9\g ;SYof] h;nfO{ afn Snan] cfkm"n] s]xL
ug' { k g] { 7fGof] . :yflgo a' 9 fkfsfx?nfO{
(41.67%) 5nkmnsf nflu w]/}k6s af]nfPkl5 dfq
a'9fkfsfx? cfOk'u] . pgLx?;Fu afn Snasf
(58.33%)
;b:ox? 5nkmn dfq u/]gg\ s]s:tf /f]ux?
s;/L km}ng ;S5g\ eg]/ ;d]t atfP / ;'u+ /'
y'Ggsf] nflu 5'6\6} vf]/ agfpg'kg]{ atfP .
u5{g\
/, To;df cleefjsx?nfO{ afn Snasf
ub}{gg\
;b:ox?n] ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] atfPkl5
clxn] 5f8f t 5f]l8Fbg} g g} a'uF /' sf] vf]/ ;d]t
3/af6 lgs} k/ kfNg] ul/G5 .

17
 s] cfkm"n] ul//fv]sf] sfdaf6
afnSnan] u/]sf] p2f/ afn Snasf afnaflnsfx?
-Go" :6f/ afn ;d"x, dfs/_ ;Gt'i6 5g\ <
gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] dfs/ uflj;df kg]{ Go"
:6f/ afn ;d"x -clxn] gfd km]l/P/ gj ;s[o
(3.57%)
afn ;d"x ePsf] 5_ ToxfFsf :yfgLo dlxnf (14.29%)

;d"x …>L bfpGg]bj] L dlxnf art tyf C0f

;xsf/L ;+:yfÚ / afn ;d"x lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldltsf] kxndf @)^! ;fndf v'ns ] f] afn (82.14%)

;d"x xf] . o;n] afn clwsf/ k|j4{g / afn

;xeflutfsf] If]qdf w]/} /fd|f sfdx? u/]sf]
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

5 . t/ klg o;n] u/]sf] Pp6f sfdn] of] afn 5g\

Sna lhNnfdf gd"gf Snax? dWo]df kg]{ 5}gg\
u5{ . gjnk/f;Ldf afn Snan] u/]sf /fd|f clnslt
sfdx?sf] s'/f p7\bf w]/n} ] o; Snan] u/]sf] Pp6L
aflnsf p2f/sf] k|;u+ klg hf]8g\ ] u5{g\ .
@)^! ;fn r}q !$ ut]sf] s'/f xf] of] . hltv]/
afn Snasf] a}7s ;s]/ cWoIf gf/fo0f ljs,
;lrj ;Gtf]if u'?Ë, sf]iffWoIf ldng k'g h+unlt/
3'Dg lg:s]sf lyP . To;a]nf b]zdf dfcf]jfbL
åGåsf] ;do lyof] . t/ h+undf k|x/Lsf] tflnd
eO/x]sf]n] pgLx?n] ghfg eg]kl5 pgLx? 3/
kms{b+ } lyP . To;}an] f pgLx?n] vf]nf 5]paf6
n's/] h+un k:g nfu]sL tL s]6LnfO{ b]v] . k|x/Ln]
pgLx?nfO{ klxNo} g} ;r]t u/fO;s]sfn] s]xL ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmddf afnSnasf
aflnsf
g/fd|f] x'g] 7fgL pgLx?n] tL s]6LnfO{ /f]Sg
vf]h] . …Totf ghfp, ;z:qsf] tflnd 5Ú eGb} afn Snasf sfd afnaflnsfx?
pgLx? /f]Sg vf]h] . gf/fo0f eG5g, …pgL lsg s;/L u5{g\ <
h+unlt/ hfg vf]lhg\ eGg] xfdLnfO{ yfx lyPg,
em'lSsP/ jf yfx gkfP/ xf]nf dfq eGg] ;f]rs +] f (8.93%)

lyof}+ .Ú pgn] l/Qf] 8f]sf] klg af]ss

] f] x'bF f 3fF;
sf6\g kf] lx+8s ] L x'g\ ls eGg] klg pgLx?n]
;f]rs ] f lyP . t/ kl5 a'em\bf s'/f cs}{ /x]5 .
cf]vn9'Ëf 3/ ePsL pgL cfkm\gf sfsf (91.07%)

9fnaxfb'/ >]i7;Fu gjnk/f;Lsf] dfs/ cfPsL

/lx5g\ . sfsfn] oxfF /fv]/ cfkm}+n] k9fpg]
eg]/ NofPsf /x]5g\ t/ NofPkl5 pgn] klxn] clnsltn] dfq
;a} ldn]/

18
afn Snasf] sfo{;ldlt s;/L
u7g x'G5 < eg] cg';f/sf] u/]g5g\ . pgsL sfsLn]
wgdfofFnfO{ vfnL sfddf dfq nufpg], k9\g
(0.60%)
(1.19%)
(4.17%)
gk7fpg] ug{ yfln5g\ . 3/sf ;fgf–7"nf ;a}
sfdx? cx« f pg] b ] l v lnP/ h+ u ndf uP/
3fF;–bfp/f ;d]t Nofpg'kg]{ /x]5 . To;f] gu/]
vfgf g} vfg glbg] klg ulb{/lx5g\ . Tof] lbg
klg h;/L klg 3fF; Nofpg'kg]{ /x]5 pgnfO{
gq vfgf g} vfg gkfOg] eg]sL /lx5g\
(94.04%)
sfsLn] . /, ;a}eGbf g/fd|f] s'/f t s]xL sfd
ePg eg] 3/d} y'g]/ klg /fVbf /x]5g\ .

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

7"nfn] 5flglbg]
lgjf{rg To;kl5 pgLx?n] To:tf] afn clwsf/ lj?4sf]
a}7s tyf cfk;L ;xdlt
yfxf 5}g
sfdsf] nflu s]xL ug'k{ g]{ cfjZostf dx;';
u/] . cfkm\gf] afn Snadf cfP/ a}7s u/] .
dlxnf ;d"xsf ;b:ox?;Fu ;Nnfx u/] .
afn Snasf sfdn] kf/flnun sld6LnfO{ hfgsf/L lbP . afn
afnaflnsfx?sf] k9fO{df s:tf] Snasf] ToxL kxnsf sf/0f wgdfofnfO{ Tof]
km/s kf/]sf] 5 < 3/af6 5'6fP/ ToxLFsL :yflgo dlxnf lji0f'
kf}8n
] n] # dlxgf;Dd cfkm\gf] 3/df /fVg'eof] .
100
92.86
afn Snan] ;a} s'/fsf] a]lnla:tf/ nufP/
90 ;'wf/]sf] 5
lauf/sf] 5 wgdfofFsf afa' u+ufgf/fo0f >]i7nfO{ lr7L
80 km/s kf/]sf] 5}g k7fP . clxn] wgdfof cfkm\gf] 3/ cf]vn9'Ëfdf
70
60
k9\l5g\ eg] otf 9fnaxfb'/nfO{ ca klg To:tf]
50 u/] k|x/LnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] sfuhdf afn
40 Snan] x:tfIf/ u/fO{ dfkmL dfUg nufof] .
30
20
10 5.95
Affn Snan] aflnsfx?df z;lQms/0f
0
1.19
Nofof]
sdnf dxtf]sf] 3/ lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf]
dWojtL{ If]q gjnk/f;Lsf] sf]Nx'jfdf k5{ .
:yfgLo yf? ;d'bfosL pgL clxn] cgdL
cWoog ul//fv]sL l5g\ . pgsf] ;d'bfo hxfF
afn ljjfx al9 x'G5, s]6Lx?nfO{ 3/leqsf]
sfddf ;Lldt u/fOG5 To:tf] kl/j]zdf pgn]
cgdL cWoog;Dd k'Ug' rfgr'g] pknAwL
xf]Og . 3/df ;fgf] k;n rnfO/fv]sf / df5f
dfg] { k] z f u/] / hLjg wflg/x] s f pgsf
cleefjsx?n] ;DkGg cfly{s cj:yfn] eGbf
afn Snan] Joj:yfkg u/]sf]
k':tsfnoaf/] hfgsf/L lnFb} 19
cWoogstf{
 pgsf] cfTdljZjf;s} sb/ :j?k To;/L pRr lzIff cWoogdf nufPsf x'g\ .
cflv/ s;/L sdnfsf] nflu To; kl/j]zsf] ljsf; x'g k'Uof] t < Pp6f pQ/ xf]–
afn Sna . pgL % aif{cl3;Dd :yfgLo gGbefph' afn Snasf] cWoIf lyOg\ . pgsf]
Ifdtf / k|ltefs} sb/ :j?k afn ;d"x lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;b:odf ;d]t
lgjf{lrt ePsL lyOg\ . ufpF3/df pgnfO{ ;a}n]
s'zn jQmfsf] ?kdf x]5g{ , ;fgf7"nf ax;, 5nkmn afn Snasf ;ldltx? slt
/ ljjfb kbf{ pgsf] e"ldsfsf] ck]Iff u5{g\ . ;dodf km]l/G5g\ <
sdnf elG5g\, …;fob afn Sna gx'bF f] xf] t ddf
o:tf u'0fx? ;fob} ljsf; x'GYof] xf]nf .Ú
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

jflif{s
60 57.14 @÷# dlxgfdf
h:t} csL{ sdnf h:t} x'g\ eLddfof 7f8f, 7\ofSs} gtf]lsPsf]
@%, hf] clxn] >L laBf>d lgdflj, ldy's/ddf 50 yfxf 5}g

cWofkg/t l5g\ . pgsf ;xkf7Lx? hf] 40

P;Pn;L ;Sbf g;Sb} j}jflxs aGwgdf ;d]t
afFlwP, ;fg}df 3/hd z'? ubf{ w]/}n] pRr 30
28.57

lzIffnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg klg ;s]gg . oBlk 20

pgL ljs6 ufpFdf /x]/ klg cWofkg;Fu} cfkm\gf] 10 9.52

pRr lzIffnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;lsg\ . pgn] 4.76

cfkm"nfO{ o:tf] pTk|/] 0ff lbg ;Sg'df afn Snan] 0

7"nf] e"ldsf v]n]sf] 7flG5g\ .

sdnf / eLddfof h:t} afn Snadf ;fg}df
nfu]sf] sf/0f kl5 jo:o x'Fbf;Dd dlxnfx?df cg]sg ;sf/fTds c;/ k/]sf
5g\ . ljx] kl5 klg ca pgLx? klxn]h:tf] 3/leqsf sfddf ;fF3l' /g] dfqsf a'xf/L
5}gg\ . pgLx?sf] a]Un} kfl/jf/Ls / ;dflhs x}l;ot alg;s]sf] 5 . w]/n } ] afn
Snadf 5Fbf a;]sf] hus} sf/0f cfkm"nfO{ kl5;Dd cGo ;Defjgsf Jofks If]qdf
cl3 a9\g] cj;/ kfPsf 5g\ . pgLx?af6 cfhsn 3/kl/jf/ klg ljZj:t 5 .
s'g} ;do Go" :6f/ afn ;d"x, dfs/sL ;b:o k'hf uxt/fh, @), clxn] :yflgo
:s'ndf lzlIfsf l5g\ . ldy's/dh:tf ljs6 e]udf ;d]t Ps ;do afn Snadf
sfd u/]sL kljdfof df:sL clxn] ToxfFsf] :yflgo :s'nsL k|wfgfWofks l5g\ .
;Demgf kf08] clvn qmflGtsf/LsL lhNnf ;b:o x'g\ t l;h{gf s+8]n /]l8of]
dWoljGb"df ;dfrf/ jflrs l5g\ . Pstfsf afn Snadf sfd u/]/ clxn] w]/}
aflnsfx? cfTdlge{/ aGg ;s]sf 5g\ . uLtf uf}td, eujtL rfkfufO{+ clxn]
lzIf0f ul//x]sf dWo]s} kg]{x? dWo]sf x'g\ .
afn Snadf sfd u/]s} sf/0f dlxnfx?df kl5;Dd s:tf] ;fdflhs c;/ k5{
eGg] laifodf o;n] :ki6 k|ltlaDa emNsfO/x]sf] 5 .

20
 %= afn Snasf] ljwfg

============================afn ;d"x÷Sna ========================sf] u7g tyf sfo{

;~rfng lgb]{lzsf @)^!
k|:tfjgf M

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

/fi6« lgdf{0fsf] nflu afnaflnsfx?sf] ;d]t e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] ePsf]n]
pgLx?sf] zf/Ll/s, ;fdflhs, ;+j]ufTds / af}l4s ljsf; ub}{ afnaflnsfx?sf]
xslxt Pj+ afn clwsf/sf] ljifodf hgr]tgf hufO{ ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, z}lIfs
Pj+ cGo ;Da4 If]qdf ;d]t afn ;xeflutf h'6fpg / afn ljsf;sf ;fy} afn
;+/If0fsf] kxn ug{ jf~5gLo ePsfn] of] lgb]{lzsf th{'df ul/Psf] 5 .

!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M

o; lgb]{lzsfsf] gfd æ================== afn ;d"x÷Sna u7g tyf sfo{
;~rfng lgb]{lzsf @)^!Æ /xg]5 . of] lgb]{lzsf lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt
gjnk/f;Laf6 :jLs[t ePkl5 t'?Gt} nfu' x'g]5 .

@= sfof{noM
o; lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd ul7t =================== afn ;d"x÷Sna ================
sf] sfof{no lhNnf gjnk/f;L ===================uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= j8f g+= =============
l:yt ======================== :yfgdf /xg]5 .

#= 7]ufgf M
o; afn ;d"x÷Snasf] kqfrf/ Od]n jf ;Dks{ 7]ufgf lgDg adf]lhd x'g5
]
M =================================================
=================================================

$= kl/efiffM
ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df M
-s_ æ;d"x jf SnaÆ eGgfn] o; lgb]l{ zsfsf] wf/f ^ cg'?k ul7t ;d"x÷Sna

21
 hgfpg] 5 . of] Sna jf ;d"xn] afn ;d"x lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt
gjnk/f;Ldf cfa4 eO{ lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldlt gjnk/f;Ldf
;"lrs[t ePsf] afn ;d"xnfO{ hgfpg]5 .
-v_ æafnaflnsfÆ eGgfn] o; lgb]l{ zsfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ^ jif{bl] v dfly
!^ jif{ ggf3]sf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ hgfpg]5 .

%= p2]Zo Pj+ sfo{x?M

o; afn ;d"xsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf p2]Zo Pj+ sfo{x? /xg]5g\ M
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

-s_ afnaflnsfx?sf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs, ;+j]ufTds tyf

;xeflutfTds ljsf;sf] clej[l4 ug]{ .
-v_ afnclwsf/;DaGwL /fli6«o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf] af/]df ;r]tgf
u/fpg' .
-u_ afn ;d"xsf] lj:tf/ / ;+u7gfTds Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ .
-3_ wd{, j0f{, lnË, hfthflt jf cGo s'g} cfwf/df afnaflnsfx?nfO{ lagf
e]befj ;dfg cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ af/] hgr]tgf hufpg] .
-ª_ afnaflnsfx?sf] lj?4 x'g] 3/fo;L lx+;f, afn of}gzf]if0f, afn b'Jo{jxf/,
afn>d, afna]rlavg, afn ljjfxh:tf ;fdflhs ljs[ltsf lj?4
:yfgLo ?kdf ;r]tgf hufO{ ;f] sf] sfg"gL pkrf/sf] nflu afn ;d"x
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt gjnk/f;Ldf cg'/f]w ug]{ .
-r_ afnclwsf/ ;DalGw ljljw sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ .
-5_ afnljsf; ;DalGw ljljw sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{' .
-h_ k"j{ afnljsf; ;DalGw sfo{qmdx?df ;xefuL u/fpg' .
-em_ afnaflns ;DalGw x/]s ultljlwdf ;xeflutf u/fpg' .
-`_ jftfj/0f :jf:Yo ;DalGw sfo{qmdnfO{ afn ultljlwdf ;dfj]z
u/fpg' .
-6_ cfkm\gf] ;d"xleqsf afnaflnsf ;DalGw ljljw cfwf/df tYof+s ;+sng
ug{' .
-7_ afnaflnsfx?sf] ;d:of klxrfg u/L ;f] ;d:of ;DalGwt lgsfodf
k'¥ofpg / ;dfwfg ug]{ k|oTg ug{' .
-8_ hGdbtf{, afnlzIff, aflnsflzIff, afnj[l4 -tf}n_ ;/;kmfO{, vf]k kf]if0f,

22
 afn :ofxf/ cfof]l8gsf] dxTjh:tf dft[ Pj+ afn :jf:Yosf] ljifodf
;Gb]z jfxssf] ?kdf sfo{ ug]{ .
-9_ afnaflnsfx?;Fu ;DalGwt /f]u emf8fkvfnf, lgdf]lgof nufotsf ljifodf
;dfhdf hfgsf/L Pj+ ;f]sf] lg/fs/0fsf] nflu r]tgf hufpg' .
-0f_ lk5l8Psf, hf]lvddf k/]sf, ljkGg, åGå Pj+ b}jL k|sf]kaf6 lkl8t
afnaflnsfx?sf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu kxn ug{' .
-t_ cGo afn ;d"xx? jf lgsfo;Fu ;d]t ;dGjo u/L PsLs[t ?kdf sfd
ug]{ .

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

-y_ afnaflnsfsf] k"0f{ ljsf;sf nflu cGo ljljw /rgfTds sfo{qmdx?
;~rfng ug]{ .
-b_ Pr=cfO{=le= P8\;sf ;DaGwdf hgr]tgf hfu[t u/fpg] .
-w_ afn ljjfx, ax'ljjfx, cgd]n ljjfx, hftLo e]befj Pj+ bfOhf] k|yf
nufot ;fdflhs ljs[ltsf] lj?4 hgr]tgf hufpg] .
-g_ afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ljljw k|lt:kwf{Tds ultljlwdf lagf e]befj
afnaflnsfnfO{ ;l/s u/fpg kxn ug]{ .
-y_ ================-:yfgLo cfjZostfcg';f/ p2]Zo / sfo{x? yKg ;lsg]_

^= afn ;d"xsf] u7gM

^=! afn;d"xsf] u7g ;d"xsf ;fwf/0f ;b:ox?sf] ;fwf/0f;efaf6 x'g] lgjf{rg
k|lqmofaf6 x'g]5 . o; afn;d"xsf] sfo{;ldltdf lgDgfg';f/sf kbflwsf/L
x'g]5g\ M
-s_ cWoIf M ! hgf
-v_ pkfWoIf M ! hgf
-u_ ;lrj M ! hgf
-3_ ;x;lrj M ! hgf
-ª_ sf]iffWoIf M ! hgf
-r_ ;b:o M 3l6df @ hgf / al9df ^ hgf;Dd
-5_ ;Nnfxsf/ M cfjZostfcg';f/
-h_ ;+/Ifs M ! hgf

23
 ^=@ afn ;d"xsf] sfo{;ldltsf] Ps sfo{sfndf aflnsf cWoIf jf pkfWoIf ePdf
csf] { sfo{ s fnsf] nflu afns ;f] x L qmdfg' ; f/ cWoIf jf pkfWoIf
x''g'kg]{5 . ;Dej geP of] k|fjwfg kfng ug{ afWo x'g]5}g .

&= ;Nnfxsf/ M
afn ;d"xn] ;Nnfxsf/ lgo'lQm ubf{ lgDg cfwf/df ug{'kb{5 M
-s_ k"j{ afn ;d"xsf] cWoIf kb]g ;Nnfxsf/ x'g]5 .
-v_ :yfgLo lzIfs, v]nf8L, k|ltli7t ljåfg\, k|fWofks jf ;dfhsf k|ltli7t
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

JolQm jf ;DalGwt ;+:yfsf ;b:ox?sf cleefjsdWo]af6 cfjZostfcg';f/

;Nnfxsf/x? /xg]5g\ .

*= ;+/Ifs M
afn ;d"xsf ;+/Ifsdf ;+:yfnfO{ cleefjssf] ?kdf cfly{s jf Joj:yfksLo
;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yf÷JolQm /xg] 5g\ . ;+/Ifssf] lgo'lQm afn ;d"xsf]
lg0f{ocg';f/ x'g]5 .

(= kbfjlwM
afn ;d"xsf] kbfjlw u7g ePsf] ldltn] @ jif{sf] x'g]5 . s'g} kbflwsf/Ln]
/flhgfdf lbPdf jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] kb l/Qm ePdf kbflwsf/Lsf] xsdf afFsL
cjlwsf nflu ;DalGwt afn ;d"xn] cfkm"dWo]af6 lgo'lQm ug]{5 / ;b:o kbsf
nflu cfkm\gf] ;fwf/0f ;b:odWo]af6 rog ug{'kg]{ 5 .

!)= kbflwsf/Lsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M

kbflwsf/Lx?sf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ x'g]5 M
-s_ cWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
cWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
!= ;d"xsf] a}7s / ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f;efsf] cWoIftf u|x0f ug]{ .
@= ;d"xsf] a}7s jf ;fwf/0f;efdf cfjZos k|:tfj / sfuhft k]z ug{]
u/fpg] .
#= ;d"xsf] cfDbfgL, vr{ lx;fa / cGo sfuhft ;'/lIft /fVg] /fVg nufpg] .
$= ;d"xsf] lg0f{o / lh=jf=s=;= sf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] .

24
 %= ;d"xsf] k|ltlglw rog u/L k7fpg] jf ;d"xsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ .
^= pkfWoIf / ;b:ox?nfO{ ljifout sfo{ef/ ljefhg ul/lbg] .
&= ;ft lbgeGbf a9L ;dosf nflu cg'kl:yt ePdf pkfWoIfnfO{ /
pkfWoIf gePdf cfkm"dWo]sf jl/i7 ;b:onfO{ sfo{jfxs cWoIf
tf]Sg] .
*= afn ;d"x lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt;Fu ;dGjo u/L jf cGo ;+3;+:yf jf
lgsfox?;Fu sfo{qmdsf] dfu ug]{ / sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] .
(= tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ .

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

-v_ pkfWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
pkfWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
!= cWoIfsf] cg'kl:yltdf sfo{jfxs cWoIf e} sfo{ ug]{ .
@= tf]lsPsf] cGo sfd ug]{ .
-u_ ;lrjsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M
;lrjn] cWoIfsf] k|ToIf lgb]{zgdf /xL b]xfosf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/sf]
k|of]u tyf kfng ug{'kg]{5 M
!= ;d"xsf] :jLs[t sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
@= afnaflnsf jf afn ;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt JolQmsf] cBfjlws clen]v
/fVg] .
#= ;d"xsf] rn, crn tyf lhG;L ;DklQsf] nut /fVg] .
$= ;d"xsf] a}7ssf] dfOGo'6 ug]{, lg0f{o ug]{ k'l:tsf lhDdf lng] / lg0f{o
k|dfl0ft ug]{ .
%= ;d"xsf] k|zf;sLo sfo{ ug]{ .
^= cWoIfsf] lgb]{zgcg';f/ a}7s af]nfpg] .
&= tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
-3_ ;x;lrjsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M
!= ;lrjsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;lrjsf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg] .
@= tf]lsPsf] cGo sfo{ ug]{ .
-ª_ sf]iffWoIfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M
!= Sna÷;d"xsf] cfo Joo b'?:t /fVg] .
@= cfly{s ah]6 tof/ u/L ;d"xdf a}7sdf k]z ug]{ .
#= cfly{s ;xof]u h'6fpg] .
25
 $= cfly{s sf/f]af/;DaGwL lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ .
-r_ ;b:osf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M
!= a}7sdf ;xefuL x'g] .
@= lg0f{osf] nflu cfkm\gf] dt k]z ug]{ .
#= tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ug]{ .
$= ;d"xsf] lxt x'g] cGo /rgfTds sfo{ ug]{ .

!!= ;b:otfM
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

-s_ ;b:otfsf] of]UotfM

o; afn ;d"xdf b]xfosf afnaflnsf ;b:o x'g kfpg]5g\ M
-s_ pd]/ slDtdf ^ jif{ k'uL !^ jif{ ggf3]sf] .
-v_ :yfoL ;?jf /f]u gnfu]sf] .
-u_ duh glau|]sf] jf af}nfxf gePsf] .
-3_ ;d"xsf] lgb]{lzsfdf k|lta4 x'g] .
-v_ ;b:otfsf] vf/]hL M
-s_ duh lau|]df jf af}nfxf ePdf .
-v_ !^ jif{ pd]/ gf3]df .
-u_ d[To' ePdf .
-3_ /flhgfdf lbPdf .
-ª_ cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ x6fOPdf .
-r_ ;b:otf gljs/0f gePdf .
-5_ nuftf/ tLg k6s lagf ;"rgf a}7sdf cg'kl:yt ePdf .
-h_ PseGbf a9L afn;d"xsf] ;b:otf lnPsf] kfOPdf jf k|ltlglwTj u/]df .

!@= ;d"xsf kbflwsf/Lsf] pd]/sf] xb M

afn ;d"xsf sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lsf] pd]/ slDtdf cf7 jif{ / a9Ldf ;f]x| jif{
ggf3]sf] x'g' k' g]5
{ .

!#= cf/If0f M
o; afn ;d"xdf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] slDtdf %) k|ltzt aflnsf x'gk' g]5
{

26
t/ ;d"xdf kof{Kt aflnsf ;b:o gePdf klg ;d"x sfod} /xg]5 .

!$= ;b:otf z'Ns tyf gljs/0f M

-s_ afn ;d"xsf] ;b:otf z'Ns jf gljs/0f z'Ns jf cGo s'g} z'Ns afn
;d"xn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-v_ afn ;d"xsf ;b:on] cfcfkm\gf ;d"xdf x/]s jif{ ;b:otf gljs/0f
ug{'kg]{ 5 .
-u_ afn ;d"xn] afn ;d"x lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt gjnk/f;Ldf k|To]s jif{
;d"xsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgsf ;fy gljs/0f u/fpg'kg]5
{ . ;f] sf] hfgsf/L

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt gjnk/f;Ldf u/fpg'kg]{5 .

!%= a}7sM
afn ;d"xn] slDtdf dlxgfsf] Psk6s a}7s a:g'kg]5
{ . a}7ssf] u0fk'/s ;+Vof
%!Ü sf] pkl:yltnfO{ dflgg]5 .

!^= lg0f{oM
afn ;d"xsf] a}7sdf ax'dtsf] lg0f{o dfGo x'g5
] t/ dt a/fa/ ePdf cWoIfn]
lg0ff{os dt lbg ;Sg]5 .
gf]6M lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;+/Ifs jf ;Nnfxsf/n] dtsf] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}gg\ .

!&= lgjf{rgM
afn ;d"xn] k|hftflGqs k4lt cg'?k cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] lgjf{rg kbfjlw
;dfKt x'g'eGbf Ps dlxgf klxn] ;DkGg ug{'kg]{5 .

!*= lgjf{rg clws[tM

afn ;d"xn] cfkm\gf ;+/Ifs Pj+ ;Nnfxsf/dWo]af6 slDtdf tLg hgf lgjf{rg
clws[t tf]Sg'kg]5
{ ;f] dWo] Pshgf d"Vo lgjf{rg clws[t /xg]5g\ . d'Vo lgjf{rg
clws[tn] lgjf{rg k|lqmof jf sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .

!(= sf]ifM
-s_ o; afn ;d"xn] cfkm\gf] gfdaf6 Pp6f sf]ifsf] :yfkgf ug]{5 .
-v_ a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfdf vftf ;~rfng ug{ ;d"xn] cfkm\gf ;Nnfxsf/ Pj+

27
 ;+/Ifssf] gfdaf6 ug{k' g]5
{ . sf]ifaf6 /sd lemSg'kbf{ ;d"xsf] lg0f{o clgjfo{
?kdf x'g'kg]{5 . afn ;d"x÷Snasf] lg0f{ocg';f/ sf]ifsf] /sd vr{ ug{
;lsg]5 .
-u_ sf]ifdf b]xfosf ;|f]taf6 /sd hDdf x'g]5 M
!= afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ;xof]u .
@= ;xof]u, pkxf/ .
#= ;b:otf tyf gljs/0f z'Ns .
$= ;f+:s[lts jf ljljw /rgfTds sfo{qmdaf6 p7]sf] /sd .
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

%= ;d"xsf] k|sfzgaf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd .

^= afn ;d"x lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltaf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd .
&= cGo ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt /sd .

@)= k|ltj]bgM
afn ;d"xn] cfkm\gf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efaf6 kfl/t jflif{s k|ltj]bg afn
;d"x lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt gjnk/f;Ldf k|To]s jif{sf] c;f/ d;fGtleq k]z
ug{'kg]{5 .

@!= ;+zf]wgM
of] lgb]l{ zsf ;+zf]wg ubf{ afn ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:ox?sf]
ax'dtn] lgb]l{ zsf ;+zf]wg k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t
ePdf of] lgb]{lzsf nfu" x'g]5 .

@@= arfpM
k|:t't lgb]l{ zsfdf pNn]lvt s'/fx? k|rlnt g]kfn P]g lgod jf ljlgod;Fu
aflemPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd o; lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]lvt s'/fx? :jtM cdfGo
x'g]5g\ .

@#= ;d"xsf] vf/]hL jf lj36gM

s'g} sf/0fjz ;d"x vf/]hLdf k/]df jf lj36g x'g uPdf To; ;d"xsf] ;Dk"0f{
rn crn ;DklQ lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt gjnk/f;Lsf] ;+/If0fdf ;g]{5 .

28
@$= ljljwM
!_ ;fwf/0f;efM
;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f;ef jif{sf] Psk6s a:g]5 . ;fwf/0f;efsf] ;"rgf k|To]s
;b:ox?nfO{ ! dlxgf cufj} ;lrjn] lbg'kg]{5 . ;fwf/0f;efdf ;d"xsf] jflif{s
sfo{ k|ult k|ltj]bg, cfly{s k|ltj]bg tyf jflif{s sfo{of]hgf ;DaGwL k|:tfjx?
lg0f{ofy{ ;d"xn] k]z ug]{5 . ;fwf/0f;efsf] u0fk"/s ;+Vof ;d"xsf ;fwf/0f
;b:ox?sf] %! k|ltztsf] pkl:yltnfO{ dflgg]5 .

@_ sfo{ljlw agfpg] M

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

lgb]l{ zsfsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu ;d"xn] cfkm"nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ljlgod agfpg
;Sg]5g\ ;fy} cfjZos ;ldlt / pk;ldltx?sf] klg u7g ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . of]
;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw afn ;d"x÷Snan] lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .

#_ ;+zf]wgM
;d"xsf] lgb]l{ zsf ;+zf]wg ug{k' /]df lgb]l{ zsf ;+zf]wg k|:tfj ;d"xsf] ;fwf/0f;efsf]
b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtsf] lg0f{o eO{ lh=jf=s=;= g=k=af6 :jLs[t ePkl5 dfq nfu'
x'g]5 .

$_ cljZjf;sf] k|:tfjM
;d"xsf] lgb]l{ zsf ljkl/t sfo{ u/]sf] elg ;ldltsf s'g} kbflwsf/L dfly ;ldltsf]
Ps ltxfO{ ;b:ox?n] u/]sf] lnlvt cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj ;d"xdf k]z u/]df ;f]
k|:tfj ;fwf/0f;efsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf To:tf kbflwsf/Lx?
:jtM kb d'Qm x'g]5g\ .

%_ ;d"xn] cfkm\gf] lgb]{lzsf Pj+ kbflwsf/L ;b:o;lxtsf] gfdfjnL afn;d"x

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt gjnk/f;Ldf cfa4tf u/L lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt
gjnk/f;Ldf ;"lrs[t ug{'kg]{5 .

cg';"rL–!
;d"xsf] 5fk
-;d"xsf] 5fkdf ;d"xsf] gfd, :yfkgf jif{ / 7]ufgf clgjfo{ ?kdf x'g'kg]{5_

29
 cg';"rL–@
;d"xsf sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?
qm=;+= kb gfd y/ k'/f 7]ufgf -uflj;÷gkf, j8f / 6f]n_ x:tfIf/
! cWoIf
@ pkfWoIf
# ;lrj
$ ;x;lrj
% sf]iffWoIf
^ ;b:o
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

& ;b:o
* ;b:o
( ;b:o
!) ;b:o
!! ;b:o

;+/Ifssf] gfd / 7]ufgf M ;Nnfxsf/sf] gfd / 7]ufgf

cg';"rL–#
;d"xsf ;Dk"0f{ ;fwf/0f ;b:ox?sf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= gfd lnË jif{ sIff cleefjssf] gfd / gftf 7]ufgf b:tvt

gf]6M
!= o; adf]lhd ;fwf/0f ;b:ox? yk ug{ ;lsg]5 .
@= ;d"xsf ;fwf/0f ;b:ox?n] k|To]s jif{ ;b:ox?n] k|To]s jif{ ;b:otfsf]
gljs/0f ug{'kg]{5 .
#= lgb]l{ zsfadf]lhd cfa4tf Pj+ ;"rLs[t u/fpg'kg]{ lgsfo jf ;+:yfdf ;DalGwt
uf=lj=;= jf ljBfno jf ;DalGwt ;+/IfsTj k|bfg u/]sf] ;+:yfdWo] s'g}
Pssf] l;kmfl/; ;+nUg x'g'kg]{5 . l;kmfl/; ;fy sfo{;ldltsf ;a}
kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;+o'Qm lgj]bg lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt gjnk/f;Ldf k]z
ug{'kg]{5 .

30
$= o; lgb]l{ zsfsf] k|lta4tfsf] nflu afn ;d"xsf] sfo{;ldltsf ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx?n]
lgb]l{ zsfsf] ;a} kfgfsf] tn dfly x:tfIf/ u/]sf] x'gk' g]5
{ .
%= cfa4tf jf ;"lrs[t ubf{ b'O{ k|lt lgb]l{ zsf /Lt k"js
{ tof/ u/L k]z ug{k' g]5{ .

cg';"rL $
lgj]bg kqsf] 9fFrf

>L afnsNof0f clwsf/LHo",

lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

gjnk/f;L .

ljifo M ;d"x ;"lrs[t÷cfa4tf u/L kfpF .

dxf]bo,
xfdLn] ===========================gfdsf] afn ;d"x÷Sna vf]Ng rfx]sf]n] lhNnf
afnsNof0f ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t æafn;d"x u7g tyf sfo{;~rfng lgb]l{ zsf @)^!Æ
adf]lhd ;d"x ;"lrs[t÷cfa4tf ug{sf] nflu b]xfosf] ljj/0f vf]nL lgj]bg u/]sf
5f}F . k|:tfljt ;d"xsf] lgb]{lzsfsf] Ps k|lt, l;kmfl/z / oyf;So ;d"xsf
kbflwsf/Lx?sf] hGdbtf{ k|df0fkqsf] kmf]6f]skL o;} ;fy ;+nUg ul/Psf] .

ljj/0f
!= ;d"x÷Snasf] gfd M
@= ;d"xsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f M
qm=;+= gfd kb 7]ufgf sIff jif{ x:tfIf/

#= sfof{nosf] 7]ufgf M
$= ;+/Ifs jf ;Nnfxsf/sf] 7]ufgfM
ldlt M
ejbLo
cWoIf
%= af]wfy{ tyf sfof{y{M
afn ;d"x lhNnf ;ldlt, k/f;L, gjnk/f;L

-lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldlt, gjnk/f;Ln] @)^! ;fndf NofPsf] o; afn ;d"x ;+rfng
lgb]{lzsfdf o; cWoogsf lgZsif{x? ;dfj]z 5}gg\ ._

31
 ^= lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt gjnk/f;Ldf
;"rLs[t afn Snax?sf] ljj/0f
btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

1 hfu[lt afn ;d"x Sna g]kfn k|ultgu/ 2048 74 56 130

2 afn ;r]tgf ;d"x k|tfkk'/ 2056 3 8 11
3 afn of]hgf ;d"x /fdu|fd gkf 2058 12 26 38
4 sf]dn kfOnf afn ;d"x /fdu|fd gkf 2058 25 40 65
5 zflGt afn ;d"x /fdu|fd gkf 2058 20 40 60
6 piff afn ;d"x /fdu|fd gkf 2061 28 12 40
7 afn hfu/0f ;d"x /fdu|fd gkf 2058 37 25 62
8 k|ult afn ;d"x /fdu|fd gkf 2060 35 15 50
9 >Ls[i0f afn ;d"x a'lnË6f/ 2055.5.13 6 4 10
10 k|ult afn ;d"x a'lnË6f/ 2057 9 9 18
11 ;/:jtL afn ;d"x cv{nf 2060.5.12 12 15 27
12 clz{jfb afn ;d"x cv{nf 2058 19 13 32
13 o'gfO6]8 afn ;d"x g/d 2060.6.8 21 28 49
14 hg ;]jf afn ;d"x g/d 2061 12 19 31
15 afn ljsf; afn ;d"x g/d 2056 52 55 107
16 gd"gf afn ;d"x ?rfª 2058 21 21 42
17 dLgf afn xs ;+/If0f d+r ltnsk'/ 2058 20 25 45
18 dLgf afn xs ;+/If0f d+r ?kf}lnof 2058 25 15 40
19 dLgf afn xs ;+/If0f d+r :jfl7 2058 18 13 31
20 dLgf afn xs ;+/If0f d+r hxbf 2057 16 4 20
21 l;4fy{ afn ;d"x /s'jf - 0 0 0
22 cfbz{ afn u|Lg Sna hd'lgof 2061 7 11 18
23 uf}td a'4 zflGt u|Lg Sna s'Zdf 2061 9 10 19
24 ;'o{ ls/0f afn ;d"x ldy's/d 2048 35 25 60
25 k|ultlzn afn ;d"x sf]6y/ - 29 7 36
26 nuglzn afn ;d"x Bf}jfbL Ê 18 8 26
27 a'4 cfbz{ afn ;d"x ltnsk'/ 2060 30 21 51
28 ;+ud afn ;d"x Sna klSnxjf Ê 8 13 21
29 ;TojtL afn ;d"x ?kf}lnof 2060 10 28 38

32
btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
30 gj hfu[lt afn ;d"x cUof}nL 2054 54 49 103
31 n'lDagL afn af6Lsf ;d"x ;'gjn 2060 5 6 11
32 lbk Hof}tL u|+Lg afn ;d"x kfNxL Ê 9 10 19
33 lbk cfbz{ afn ;d"x lzjdlGb/ 2059 20 22 42
34 Pstf afn ;d"x 8fF8fFem]/L 2058 16 20 36
35 gGb efph' afn ;d"x sf]Nx'jf 2060 16 14 30
36 b]jr'nL afn d+r lzjdlGb/ 2060 35 38 73
37 ldgf afn xs d08jf ;d"x hxbf 2057 16 4 20

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

38 klAns u|Lg afn ;d"x z'qmf}nL 2061 9 8 17
39 gj r]tgf afn ;d"x gf/fo0fL 5059 19 18 37
40 gd"gf xl/ofnL afn ;d"x cUof}nL 2060 22 18 40
41 gj r]tgf afn ;d"x ?rfª Ê 14 7 21
42 l;4fy{ afn ;d"x ;/fjn 2061 18 28 46
43 sf]6xL dfO{ afn ;d"x /fdu|fd gkf 2062 9 12 21
44 cd/ afn ;d"x k|ultgu/ 2062 16 9 25
45 >L ;[hgzLn afn ;d"x gofFj]nxfgL 2061 29 15 44
46 >L ldld{/] afn ;d"x gofFj]nxfgL 2062 8 23 31
47 >L gjHof]tL afn ;d"x b]p/fnL 2062 5 6 11
48 >L cfbz{ afn ljsf; d~r b]p/fnL 2061 14 21 35
49 >L ldng afn ;d"x 8]9ufpF 2062 1 13 14
50 >L jGhfl/g dfO{ afn ;d"x aGhl/of 2062 9 12 21
51 P~h]N; afn ;d"x /fdu|fd gkf 062÷11÷04 9 9 18
52 gj ;[hgf afn ;d"x gofFj]nxfgL 2062 59 38 97
53 ldld/] afn ;d"x tD;/Lof 2063÷02÷02 34 34 68
54 afn ;d"x ulDe/tf Bf}jfbL 2055÷07÷24 17 14 31
55 piff ls/0f afn ;d"x /fdu|fd gkf 063÷05÷08 22 38 60
56 afn ljsf; afn ;d"x lk7f}nL 063÷03÷01 19 13 32
57 ljxfgL afn ;d"x lk7f}nL 063÷03÷01 16 25 41
58 gd"gf afn ;d"x lk7f}nL 063÷03÷02 14 18 32
59 gjHof]tL afn ;d"x lk7f}nL 063÷03÷02 18 13 31
60 Pstf afn Sna lk7f}nL 063÷03÷05 11 7 18
61 hfu/0f afn Sna lk7f}nL 063÷02÷31 21 15 36
62 k|ltdf afn ;d"x ldy's/d 061÷08÷15 10 7 17
63 ;[hglzn afn ;d"x lzjdlGb/ 062÷02÷22 13 15 28
64 z:qLo afn u|Lg ;d"x ?kf}lnof 061÷01÷05 10 26 36
65 gf}nf] ljxfgL afn Sna b]p/fnL 062÷07÷05 19 16 35
66 sf]lknf afn Sna x'K;]sf]6 062÷07÷05 10 15 25

33
 btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
67 Go" ;xf/f afn Sna gofFj]nxfgL 2062 19 25 44
68 hg;]jf afn Sna ;'gjn 2060 14 22 36
69 ;[hglzn afn ljsf; ;+u7g /fdgu/ 056÷08÷01 33 27 60
70 gjk|ltef afn ;d"x k|ultgu/ 62 18 26 44
71 Pstf afn Sna sfjf;f]lt 063÷02÷26 25 6 31
72 ckfË k'g:yfkgf /fdu|fd gkf 63 10 11 21
73 ;fgf] ;+;f/ afn Sna :jfl7 062÷01÷24 9 26 35
74 lqzlQm afn Sna hxbf 063÷04÷13 6 19 25
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

75 ;[hgf afn Sna hxbf 063÷04÷15 11 14 25

76 r]tgf afn ;d"x sf]Nx'jf 063÷04÷16 10 5 15
77 ;"of]{bo afn ;d"x sf]Nx'jf 063÷04÷13 9 8 17
78 lzj dlGb/ afn ;+/If0f ;d"x gofFj]nxfgL 063÷01÷01 27 20 47
79 k|f0f lk|o afn ;d"x /fsfr'nL 063÷01÷02 15 15 30
80 /Def b]jL afn Sna x'K;]sf]6 060÷01÷05 10 20 30
81 gj k|eft afn Sna x'K;]sf]6 059÷09÷08 13 23 36
82 nfnLu'/fF; afn Sna x'K;]sf]6 058÷11÷10 15 21 36
83 afn ;]jf afn Snj x'K;]sf]6 2062.5.15 16 20 36
84 sf]lknf afn Snj x'K;]sf]6 2062.7.5 10 15 25
85 gjHof]tL afn ;d"x x'K;]sf]6 2061.5.1 2 23 25
86 jftfj/0f tyf ufpF ;'wf/ afn Sna b]p/fnL 2060.1.1 18 18 36
87 gjls/0f afn Snj b]p/fnL 2061.1.1 17 19 36
88 ;dfh;]jf afn Snj b]p/fnL 2060.1.1 14 22 36
89 cfbz{ jfn Snj b]p/fnL 2062.3.11 10 10 20
90 gj hfu/0f afn Snj b]p/fnL 2062.7.5 16 20 36
91 hfu/0f afn Sna x'K;]sf]6 2058 18 7 25
92 ;[hgf afn Sna ?rfª 2060.1.1 18 13 31
93 ;'of]{bo afn Snj b]p/fnL 2062.10.7 13 23 36
94 ;[hgzLn afn Snj b]p/fnL 2061.5.1 22 23 45
95 afn sNof0f afn Snj b]p/fnL 2060.4.27 8 28 36
96 hfu[lt afn Snj b]p/fnL 2060.2.25 18 17 35
97 1fg Hof]lt afn Snj d}gf3f6 2061 19 17 36
98 hg sNof0f afn ;d"x ltnsk'/ 2063.4.23 7 6 13
99 ;f}uft afn ;d"x ltnsk'/ 2063.4.22 15 4 19
100 Pstf tyf ;dfh ;]jf afn Snj ?rfª 2062.7.9 13 23 36
101 hg Hof]lt afn ;d"x ?rfª 2062.7.1 8 12 20
102 dft[e'ld afn Snj ?rfª 2061.1.15 16 16 32
103 sf]lknf afn ;d"x ?rfª 2057 21 13 34

34
btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
104 zflGt afn Snj /fdu|fd gkf 2063.8.2 12 24 36
105 hg Hof]lt afn ;d"x ?kf}lnof 2061.1.1 25 16 41
106 ufpF Hof]lt afn ;d"x ?rfª 2057.6.2 8 17 25
107 ufpF ;]jf ax'd'vL afn Snj ?rfª 2059.6.4 19 12 31
108 nfnLu'/fF; afn Sna ;gO{ 20635.29 10 15 25
109 lqj]0fL afn Snj b]pufpF b]jufFj 2062.1.15 9 27 36
110 gj cleofg afn Snj hd'lgof 2063.3.11 6 10 16
111 >[hgf afn Snj x'K;]sf]6 2061.4.10 12 13 25

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

112 sf]lknf afn Snj x'K;]sf]6 2062.12.2 16 20 36
113 ;u/dfyf afn d~r /s'jf 2061.6.12 11 14 25
114 sf]lknf afn Snj ;/fjn 2063.4.13 8 17 25
115 ldnLh'nL afn ljsf; Snj hxbf 2064.2.5 17 8 25
116 gj ;lqmo afn Snj dfs/ 2064.2.29 Ê Ê 0
117 >L ;fx;L Pstf afn Snj tD;/Lof 2065.2.30 4 10 14
118 >L ;+ufnf] afn Snj gofFj]nxfgL 2060.7.15 12 12 24
119 >L l;4fy{ afn Snj hxbf 2063.1.30 7 18 25
120 >L sf]lknf afn Snj a8x/f b'jf}lnof 2063.4.13 7 18 25
121 >L ;+ud afn Snj 8]9ufpF 2061.1.1 20 11 31
122 >L zflGt afn Snj hxbf 2062.10.11 21 12 33
123 >L ufpF j];L afn ;d"x /fsfr'nL 2062.12.13 15 21 36
124 >L afn lasf; s]Gb| afn Snj /s'jf 2058.5.5 14 11 25
125 >L gj Pstf afn Snj hxbf 2064.1.1 12 13 25
126 >L lbk]Gb| afn Snj a]gLdl0fk'/ Ê 26 20 46
127 >L ljBfno :tl/o afn Snj /s'jf 2062.11.21 20 16 36
128 >L hgsNof0f afn Snj /s'jf 2063.1.10 12 22 34
129 >L ;+3if{ afn ;d"x 8]9ufpF 2061.2.8 19 13 32
130 >L ;'of]{bo afn Snj /s'jf 2058.11.12 12 13 25
131 >L nfnL u'/fF; afn Snj ?rfª 2061.4.25 11 12 23
132 >L lbk Hof]lt afn ;d"x d}gf3f6 2061.7.20 21 10 31
133 >L Ogb|]0fL afn ;d"x 8]9ufpF 2061.2.5 17 17 34
134 >L lxdfn afn ;d"x k+rgu/ 2063.3.3 20 9 29
135 >L ;okqL afn Snj d}gf3f6 2060.2.14 15 21 36
136 >L chDa/L afn Snj g/d 2059.11.14 22 12 34
137 nfnLu'/fF; afn Sna 8]9ufpF 2059.11.14 14 9 23
138 >L rDsLnf] tf/f afn Snj g/d 2061.1.1 9 8 17
139 >L gjls/0f afn Snj tD;/Lof 2062.8.2 12 8 20
140 >L pT;flxt afn Snj ?rfª 2062.11.17 39 66 105

35
 btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
141 >L pT;j afn Snj ?rfª 2063.1.1 17 17 34
142 ;'gf}nf] ljxfgL Bf}jfbL 2061.1.1 18 18 36
143 ;GhLjgL k|tfkk'/ 2064.3.1 15 21 36
144 cfbz{ jfn Snj gofFj]nxfgL 2063 28 21 49
145 Ogb|]0fL afn Snj ;/fjn 2064.6.4 12 13 25
146 zfGtL afn Snj ;/fjn 2064.6.4 14 22 36
147 ;'of]{bo afn Snj ;/fjn 2064.6.15 12 13 25
148 b]jr'nL afn ;d"x a'lnË6f/ 2064.9.24 15 16 31
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

149 hob'u]{ afn ;d"x ;/fjn 2064.6.6 6 19 25

150 gjo'u afn Snj ef/ltk'/ 2063.11.7 37 34 71
151 1fgf]bo afn ;d"x a'lnË6f/ 2064.9.23 12 15 27
152 gd"gf afn ;d"x g/d 2063.12.18 20 16 36
153 lsG8/ uf8]{g ?rfª 2063.6.2 10 15 25
154 pT;jafn ;d"x ?rfª 2063.2.20 18 16 34
155 e[s'6L afn Snj b'lDsaf; 2064.9.15 16 20 36
157 agb]jL afn Snj ?kf}lnof 2064.11.23 10 21 31
157 hgtf u|Lg Snj cd/f}6 2063 17 13 30
158 ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts afn clwsf/ ;ldlt lqj]l0f ;':tf Ê 8 16 24
159 afnljsf; afnSna ?rfª 2063.02.01 14 11 25
160 ;[hgzLn afnSna hxbf 2065.01.21 18 18 36
161 gofF afn ;+/If0f Sna cd/f}6 Ê 14 9 23
162 lbJoHof]lt afn ;d"x ;/fjn 2064.06.06 11 25 36
163 g]kfn u|Lg Sna k+rgu/ 063.01.015 16 4 20
164 u+uf u|Lg Sna bfpGg]b]jL 063.10.19 26 10 36
165 jflNdsL u|Lg Sna dfs/ 2063 11 12 23
166 lgTofgGb u|Lg Sna hxbf 2062.06.16 21 4 25
167 cfbz{ u|Lg Sna ltnsk'/ 2063.02.16 7 14 21
168 afSjf0fL u|Lg Sna /fdgu/ 2063.08.20 14 22 36
169 w/tL afn Sna kfNxL 2064.09.20 11 14 25
170 lbJoHof]lt afn Sna klSnxjf 2065.03.04 14 22 36
171 ;':tf ;'wf/ lzIff cleofg lqj]l0f ;':tf 2065.02.01 16 20 36
172 eujtL u|Lg afn Sna :jfl7 2063.08.15 10 7 17
173 bLks afn Sna klSnxjf 2065.03.19 9 16 25
174 gj hfu/0f afn Sna ltnsk'/ 2065.01.14 19 17 36
175 ;[li6 afn ;d"x ltnsk'/ 2065.01.28 18 18 36
176 ;Demf}tf afn Sna ef/ltk'/ 2065.10.01 12 21 33
177 cleofg afn Sna ef/ltk'/ 2063.05.28 9 8 17

36
btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
178 ljBfHof]lt afn Sna ef/ltk'/ 2063.11.21 9 13 22
179 l;4Hof]lt afn Sna ef/ltk'/ 2064.02.20 7 16 23
180 OR5's afn Sna ef/ltk'/ 2062.02.05 12 14 26
181 xl/ofnL afn Sna ltnsk'/ 2065.01.19 21 15 36
182 Od[lt afn Sna ltnsk'/ 2065.1.27 12 13 25
183 ;+ud afn Sna ltnsk'/ 2065.1.28 2 10 12
184 uf}td a'4 k|ultzLn afn Sna e"hxjf 2065.04.28 13 15 28
185 k|ltef afn Sna ef/ltk'/ 2063.12.26 10 16 26

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

186 ;"of]{bo afn Sna u'l7;"o{k'/f 2065.4.22 13 15 28
187 gf}nf] laxfgL afn Sna klSnxjf 2065.03.5 14 11 25
188 lzjzlQm afn Sna ?rfª 2058 16 16 32
189 xl/ofnL afn Sna klSnxjf 2065.9.17 11 25 36
190 cfbz{ afn Sna ?rfª 2063.4.01 20 22 42
191 ;u/dfyf afn Sna g/d 2063.11.21 8 14 22
192 l;4fy{ afn Sna g/d 2064.12.3 19 17 36
193 ;f+:s[lts afn Sna g/d 2064.06.1 9 12 21
194 gj l;h{gf afn ;d"x g/d 2063.03.01 21 19 40
195 sf]lknf ;+o'Qm afn ;d"x g/d 2063.06.11 6 12 18
196 lxdr'nL afn ;d"x g/d 2064.3.01 29 10 39
197 ;[hgf afn Sna g/d 2064.7.17 24 27 51
198 n]s a]+;L afn Sna g/d 2065.7.12 16 17 33
199 hnk|fxL afn Sna ?rfª 2065.5.24 36 23 59
200 zflGtbLk afn Sna ;f]dgL 2065.4.21 29 24 53
201 gjhfu/0f afn ;d"x tD;/Lof 2055.5.18 16 19 35
202 :6f/ o'gfO6]8 afn Sna /hx/ 2065.6.01 17 23 40
203 eujtL afn Sna b]jufFj 2065.8.6 12 13 25
204 nfnLu'/fFz afn Sna /dk'/jf 2064.12.21 14 22 36
205 nfoG; afn Sna hxbf 2065.5.22 7 18 25
206 gj k|f]T;fxg afn Sna /hx/ 2065.3.06 11 14 25
207 g/;xL afn Sna g/;xL 2065.8.02 14 22 36
208 ;"of]{bo afn Sna klSnxjf 2065.4.03 12 13 25
209 ;/:jtL afn Sna u'l7k|;f}gL 2065.8.02 16 20 36
210 ;"o{Hof]lt afn Sna Bf}jfbL 2065.2.03 17 19 36
211 gd"gf afn Sna s'l8of 2065.5.28 22 14 36
212 u0f]z afn Sna u'l7;"o{k'/f 2065.5.05 18 18 36
213 sf]lknf afn Sna cd/f}6 2064.12.5 14 22 36
214 Pstf afn Sna ;f]dgL 2065.7.25 30 42 72

37
 btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
215 pBfg afn Sna ;f]dgL 2065.1.20 12 24 36
216 xft]dfnf] afn Sna hxbf 2065.8.02 19 17 36
217 phfnf blnt afn Sna kfNxL 2065.1.26 11 14 25
218 cv08 afn Sna hxbf 2062.1.01 15 21 36
219 hfu[lt afn Sna u'l7k|;f}gL 2065.6.01 6 5 11
220 dx]Gb| lg=df=lj= afn ljsf; ;d"x s'l8of 2065.9.07 18 18 36
221 ;/:jtL afn Sna b]jufFj 064.12.12 13 23 36
222 hfu[lt afn Sna u'l7;"o{k'/f 20645.2.2 27 69 96
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

223 ;+ud afn Sna ;/fjn Ê 16 20 36

224 gjb'uf{ afn Sna s'Zdf 2065.10.9 9 27 36
225 zxLb :d[lt afn Sna lzjdlGb/ 2065.7.28 17 19 36
226 k|ltef z}lIfs afn ;d"x b]jr'nL 2064.1.22 20 16 36
227 1fg afn ;d"x ;f]dgL 2065.10.12 7 29 36
228 gjb'uf{ afn ;d"x ;f]dgL 2065.10.12 10 24 34
229 lzjd\ afn ;d"x ;f]dgL 2065.10.12 15 21 36
230 gd"gf afn Sna a]gLdl0fk'/ 2065.3.10 17 19 36
231 k|ltef afn d~r s'df/jlt{ 2062.06.12 20 16 36
232 b]jLdfO{ afn o'jf Sna x/k'/ 2065.11.05 10 26 36
233 k|ultzLn afn Sna /fdgu/ 2065.8.04 10 7 17
234 xg'dfg afn Sna /dk'/jf 2065.10.14 7 29 36
235 k/f]ksf/ u|Lg afn Sna /dk'/jf 2065.11.02 26 10 36
236 dfF eujtL afn Sna /dk'/jf 2065.10.25 10 26 36
237 ldqtf afn Sna /dk'/jf 2065.10.11 22 25 47
238 afnlxt afn Sna cd/f}6 2065.7.27 18 16 34
239 gjb'uf{ afn Sna ;'gjn 2065.8.03 17 13 30
240 hfu/0f afn Sna ;'gjn 2065.8.01 21 17 38
241 pbo afn Sna ;'gjn 2065.7.21 19 17 36
242 cf]d zflGt afn Sna b]p/fnL 2063.01.01 19 17 36
243 ;f]dgfy afn Sna ;'gjn 2065.07.22 22 15 37
244 afnsNof0f afn Sna e"hxjf 2065.02.23 18 18 36
245 dgsfdgf afn Sna ;f]dgL Ê 19 12 31
246 zflGt afn Sna s'Zdf 2065.10.16 17 19 36
247 gjls/0f afn Sna ;'gjn 2065.1.25 21 15 36
248 cfbz{ sNof0f afn Sna hd'lgof 2065.05.03 18 18 36
249 gd"gf afn Sna ;'gjn 2065.07.26 22 14 36
250 d'gfn afn Sna ;'gjn 2065.8.4 14 22 36
251 r]tgf afn Sna ;'gjn 2064.9.27 13 12 25

38
btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
252 ags§L afn Sna lqj]l0f ;':tf 2065.11.24 3 49 52
253 /]l8sn afn Sna klSnxjf 2065.11.10 32 29 61
254 l;h{gzLn afn ;d"x lbAok'/L 2065.12.22 9 16 25
255 ljZjf; afn Sna ef/ltk'/ 2064.10.7 18 18 36
256 /Tg afn Sna u'l7;"o{k'/f 2065.5.22 14 22 36
257 lzjk'/u9L afn Sna lqj]l0f ;':tf 2065.11.24 21 15 36
258 lbJoHof]lt afn ;d"x ;f]dgL 2065.10.17 41 32 73
259 cGgk"0f{ afn Sna /fdgu/ 2064.9.20 37 30 67

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

260 ;+ud afn Sna u'l7;"o{k'/f 2066.1.10 13 26 39
261 >[hgf afn Snj u'l7;"o{k'/f 2065.5.10 12 24 36
262 kfNxL eujtL afn Snj kfNxL 066.3.5 13 23 36
263 l;4fy{ afn Sna e"hxjf 066.2.13 22 29 51
264 gjb'uf{ afn Snj e"hxjf 066.2.8 12 16 28
265 cfbz{ afn Snj e"hxjf 066.2.7 9 16 25
266 ;/:jtL afn Sna e"hxjf 066.2.6 8 17 25
267 l:j6 l/d]Da/ b]p/fnL 2066.1.1 19 17 36
268 ljZjzflGt afnSnj gofFj]nxfgL 2061.7.14 15 19 34
269 dfF b'uf{ afn Snj /dk'/jf 065.10.26 Ê 26 26
270 ;[hgzLn km"njf/L afn Snj d}gf3f6 063.5.17 30 35 65
271 afnsNof0f afn Sna d}gf3f6 2063 34 15 49
272 OGb|]0fL afn Snj ;f]dgL 2065.10.15 11 25 36
273 df]xDdlbof afn Snj e"hxjf 066.5.2 20 16 36
274 lj=lk=afn Snj u'l7k|;f}gL 2065.11.9 17 19 36
275 vf0fb]jL afnSnj b]p/fnL 2061.1.1 15 18 33
276 1fgHof]lt afn ;d"x /hx/ 065.12.31 18 11 29
277 hgHof]lt afn ;d"x ;/fjn 064.6.5 17 8 25
278 ;xf/f blnt afn Snj ;/fjn 066.1.18 3 18 21
279 lIflth afn ljsf; Snj x/k'/ 2066.5.24 6 13 19
280 nfnLu'/fF; zflGt afn d~r d}gf3f6 2063.5.25 71 52 123
281 lqzlQm afn Snj a8x/f b'jf}lnof 2066.5.20 25 0 25
282 gf/fo0fL afn ljsf; d~r lqj]l0f ;':tf 2066.5.15 13 23 36
283 afNdLsL Sna g/;xL 2066.3.20 4 7 11
284 xl/ofnL afn Sna g/;xL 2066.3.20 7 9 16
285 5xf/L afn Sna g/;xL 2066.3.20 7 9 16
286 lzj u+uf afn Sna g/;xL 2066.3.20 5 10 15
287 dgsfdgf afn Sna g/;xL 2066.3.20 10 5 15
288 ;g/fOh afn Sna g/;xL 2066.3.24 5 6 11

39
 btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
289 gjhLjg afn Sna g/;xL 2066.3.20 6 9 15
290 ;'o{zlQm afn Sna g/;xL 2066.3.20 2 13 15
291 ljqmd af}l4s afn Sna g/;xL 2066.3.20 6 9 15
292 jflnsf afn Sna g/;xL 2066.3.25 24 23 47
293 nfnLu'/fF; zflGt afn Sna g/;xL 2066.6.16 27 41 68
294 >L lbJo afnSna g/;xL 2066.4.1 22 40 62
295 gjhfu[lt afn Sna g/;xL 2066.6.10 12 12 24
296 ;+ud afn Sna dg/L 2066.2.10 16 9 25
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

297 lqd'lt{ afn Sna dg/L 2065.12.28 14 12 26

298 aflNdsL afn Sna hd'lgof 2065.3.9 8 12 20
299 lznlznf afn Sna hf}jf/L 2066.5.23 26 19 45
300 hghfu/0f afn Sna hf}jf/L 2063.12.3 17 13 30
301 cUgL jfo' afn Sna hf}jf/L 2066.7.11 10 22 32
302 w|'jtf/f afn Sna hf}jf/L 2066.1.1 16 20 36
303 lbk Hof]tL afn Sna hf}jf/L 2064.8.10 17 19 36
304 lz/yfg afn Sna u'l7;"o{k'/f 2065.5.22 24 26 50
305 rGb| Hof]tL afn Sna /dk'/jf 2066.3.29 5 20 25
306 ;/:jtL afn Sna hd'lgof 2066.5.12 44 31 75
307 ;'o{Hof]lt afn Sna a8x/f b'jf}lnof 2066.7.2 6 21 27
308 :6f/ afn Sna /dk'/jf 2066.3.20 3 12 15
309 gf}nf] ljxfgL afn Sna /hx/ 2058.9.19 27 24 51
310 l;4fy{ afn Sna /dk'/jf 2066.2.15 5 18 23
311 unfj blnt afn Sna x/k'/ 2066.8.05 11 14 25
312 l;4fy{ afn Sna aGhl/of 2061.5.09 7 10 17
313 lzjzlQm afn Sna hd'lgof 2066.2.24 3 33 36
314 gj lzlz/ afn Sna k+rgu/ 2064.12.23 15 11 26
315 Ê Ê Ê 0 0 0
316 gf/fo0fL afn Sna s'l8of 2065.11.4 20 16 36
317 ;dfh sNof0fsf/L afn Sna a8x/f b'jf}lnof 2066.6.26 0 28 28
318 k/f;L afn Sna /fdu|fd gkf 2066.8.4 11 14 25
319 cfbz{ afn Sna u'l7k|;f}gL 2066.9.3 1 24 25
320 /fwfs[i0f afn Sna u'l7k|;f}gL 2066.9.3 19 31 50
321 ;+ud afn Sna u'l7k|;f}gL 2066.9.3 4 21 25
322 kz'kltgfy afn Sna u'l7k|;f}gL 2066.9.3 8 42 50
323 l;h{gf afn Sna u'l7k|;f}gL 2066.9.4 7 16 23
324 lztn afn Sna u'l7k|;f}gL 2066.9.4 7 18 25
325 nIdL afn Sna u'l7k|;f}gL 2066.9.3 11 39 50

40
btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
326 sfdgf afn Sna u'l7k|;f}gL 2066.9.4 20 29 49
327 1fgHof]lt afn Sna s'Zdf 2066.7.18 12 22 34
328 ;Totf/f afn Sna g/d 2066.3.15 23 22 45
329 sf]lknf afn Sna b]jufFj 2066.10.16 26 0 26
330 gj k|ltef afn Sna b]jufFj 2066.1.4 25 0 25
331 ;+ud afn Sna g/;xL 2065.1.20 6 8 14
332 lbJo Hof]lt afn Sna k|tfkk'/ 2065.2.5 5 6 11
333 1fg Hof]lt afn Snj g/;xL 2065.3.6 5 8 13

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

334 zflGt cleofg afn Sna g/;xL 2065.3.5 3 11 14
335 afn clwsf/ ;d'x klSnxjf 2064.7.5 2 27 29
336 kk'n/ afn Sna u]/dL 2066.11.14 9 16 25
337 sf]lknf afn Sna k+rgu/ 2066.07.01 15 18 33
338 lqzlSt afn Sna ;f]dgL 2066.9.15 5 29 34
339 w'|d k|nxfb afn Sna a8x/f b'jf}lnof Ê 6 9 15
340 sflnsf afn Sna ;/fjn Ê 22 14 36
341 ;tf]ifLdfF afn Sna x/k'/ 2066.12.11 31 30 61
342 zflGt afn Sna /hx/ Ê 28 25 53
343 OGb|0fL afn Sna /hx/ Ê 0 0 0
344 ]hgsNof0f afn Sna s'l8of 2066.12.18 13 17 30
345 ;/:jtL afn Sna s'Zdf 2066.12.04 14 19 33
346 gu/8fF8f df=lj=afn ;d'x g/d 2066.11.14 23 30 53
347 s[i0f afn Sna u]/dL 2066.8.06 5 29 34
348 /fwfs[i0f afn Sna u]/dL 2066.7.29 0 54 54
349 zflGt afn Sna u]/dL 2066.8.6 0 61 61
350 OGb|Hof]tL afn Sna b]p/fnL 2066.8.01 15 8 23
351 nIdL afn Sna 7"nf]v}/6jf 2066.12.04 3 23 26
352 ;do afn Sna z'qmf}nL 2066.11.7 1 10 11
353 lztn afn Sna a}bf}nL 2066.12.21 8 28 36
354 rGb|;'o{ afn Sna b]jr'nL 2066.12.22 16 14 30
355 u0f]z afn Sna u'l7k|;f}gL 2066.11.28 8 28 36
356 ;'o{ afn Sna b]jr'nL 2066.08.15 16 14 30
357 ho dfF ;/:jtL afn Sna 7"nf]v}/6jf 2066.09.01 5 20 25
358 zflFGt lgs]tg afn Sna s'Zdf 2066.9.24 5 20 25
359 ;'k/:6f/ afn Snj /dk'/jf 2066.12.18 6 19 25
360 ho dfF sf]6xL afn Snj /dk'/jf 2065.12.18 7 18 25
361 /fdhfgsL afn Snj x/k'/ 2066.12.5 5 20 25
362 eujtL afn Sna x/k'/ 2066.12.5 16 20 36

41
 btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
363 gjb'uf{ afn Snj x/k'/ 2066.12.12 6 30 36
364 ejfgL afn Snj x/k'/ 2066.12.9 10 26 36
365 l;h{gzLn afn Snj k|ultgu/ 2058.07.05 22 7 29
366 k|eft afn Snj a}bf}nL 2067.01.17 13 23 36
367 sf]6xL afn Snj b]jufFj 2067.01.11 16 38 54
368 ;/:jtL afn Snj aGhl/of 2067.01.27 9 3 12
369 ho dfF sfF0f/ afn Snj z'qmf}nL 2067.01.13 6 20 26
370 zflGt afn Snj /fdu|fd gkf 2066.12.23 10 12 22
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

371 lzjz+s/ afn Snj a}bf}nL 2067.01.14 18 18 36

372 a;Gt afn Snj a}bf}nL 2067.01.14 14 22 36
373 lzjzlQm afn Sna 7"nf]v}/6jf 2067.12.15 40 4 44
374 ;]eg :6f/ afn Snj 7"nf]v}/6jf 2067.12.08 8 17 25
375 /fli6«o afn Snj 7"nf]v}/6jf 2067.12.09 4 21 25
376 1fg]Zj/ afn Snj 7"nf]v}/6jf 2066..12.4 9 16 25
377 gofF ls/0f zflGt afn Snj gofFj]nxfgL 2065.10.24 16 20 36
378 /fw]Zofd lzz' 1fg afn Snj a}bf}nL 2067.02.24 11 24 35
379 k|ult afn Snj dg/L 2066.12.04 22 21 43
380 uf}tda'4 afn Snj /fdk'/ v8f}gf 2067.02.25 12 16 28
381 lzjzlQm afn Sna /fdk'/ v8f}gf 2067.02.02 16 10 26
382 sdn afn Snj /fdk'/ v8f}gf 2066.11.29 5 21 26
383 hghfu[lt afn Snj 7"nf]v}/6jf 2066.12.04 14 11 25
384 ;'o{ afn Sna 7"nf]v}/6jf 2066.02.05 3 22 25
385 >Ls[i0f afn Snj 7"nf]v}/6jf 2066.12.07 10 15 25
386 ;Ifd afn Snj b]jufFj 2067.01.22 0 26 26
387 >L 1fgHof]lt afnSna xs'O{ 2067.04.13 11 12 23
388 >L a;Gt afnSna /fdu|fd gkf 2066.12.22 22 20 42
389 >L ;]jg :6f/ afnSna xs'O{ 2067.4.15 8 14 22
390 >L l;h{gzLn afnSna ;gO{ 2067.4.14 14 13 27
391 >L a'4Hof]lt afnSna xs'O{ 2067.4.13 10 10 20
392 >L gGbg afnSna xs'O{ 2067.4.14 7 17 24
393 >L sf]lknf afnSna xs'O{ 2067.4.14 10 16 26
394 >L lzjzlQm afnSna ;gO{ 2067.4.15 7 20 27
395 >L ;/:jtL afnSna ;gO{ 2067.4.15 6 21 27
396 >L /fwfs[i0f afnSna ;gO{ 2067.4.14 7 19 26
397 >L hgzlQm afnSna dg/L 2067.1.13 12 15 27
398 >L ;/:jtL afnSna ;'gjn 2066.11.21 18 13 31
399 >L ;'gjn nf]6;g afnSna ;'gjn 2066.10.19 11 14 25

42
btf{ ;b:o
g+= afn ;d"xsf] gfd uflj;÷g=kf= :yfkgf
aflnsf afns hDdf
400 >L afO;L dfF afnSna ;gO{ 2067.4.16 7 16 23
401 >L ;/:jtL afnSna dg/L 2066.10.10 11 14 25
402 >L hgsNof0f afnSna Bf}jfbL 2066.12.3 24 20 44
403 >L :6f/ afnSna dg/L 2067.3.2 8 17 25
404 >L ;/:jtL afnSna lzjdlGb/ 2067.4.13 10 12 22
405 >L lbJo afnSna k|ultgu/ 2058 5 25 30
406 >L d'gnfO{6 afnSna k|ultgu/ 2067.2.9 10 15 25
407 >L 1fgHof]lt afnSna tD;/Lof 2063.8.9 24 24 48

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

408 >L :jfnDaL afnSna z'qmf}nL 2067.6.11 14 13 27
409 >L blnt hfu/0f afnSna s'l8of 2065.11.10 7 13 20
410 >L ;fttf/f afnSna z'qmf}nL 2067.3.6 4 7 11
411 >L u0f]z blnt afnSna u'l7;"o{k'/f 2065.1.10 4 13 17
412 >L blnt k|eft afnSna s'l8of 2065.10.5 10 15 25
413 >L blnt k|ult afnSna s'l8of 2065.12.5 6 17 23
414 >L blnt 1fg Hof]lt afnSna ?kf}lnof 2065.1.30 15 9 24
415 >L ;xf/f afnSna ;/fjn 2065.3.28 3 15 18
416 >L gd"gf afnSna k|ultgu/ 2058 33 18 51
417 >L ljZjHof]lt afnSna k|ultgu/ 2067.2.21 2 9 11
418 >L ;kmn afnSna k|ultgu/ 2067.4.22 14 12 26
419 >L e[s'6L afnSna k|ultgu/ 2067.1.17 14 13 27
420 >L ;[hgzLn afnSna k|ultgu/ 2063.4.18 14 13 27
421 >L gGb efph' l;h{glzn afnSna sf]Nx'jf 2067.02.12 14 23 37
422 >L gofF g]kfn afnSna /fdu|fd gkf 2067.7.4 3 19 22
423 >L ldlnh'nL afnSna k|ultgu/ 2058.11.16 11 19 30
424 >L ;"o{ls/0f afnSna k|ultgu/ 2058.11.20 16 15 31
425 >L s'df/jtL{ afnSna k|ultgu/ 2058.10.11 102 89 191
426 >L k|ult afnSna k|ultgu/ 2058.10.26 15 15 30
427 >L aflNdls afnSna k|ultgu/ 2058.11.21 18 20 38
428 >L gf/fo0fL k|f=lj= afnSna k|ultgu/ 2058.10.29 21 17 38
429 >L gjn afn clwsf/ d+r k|ultgu/ 2067.2.28 11 26 37
430 >L gjl;h{gf afnSna k|ultgu/ 2065.6.30 13 10 23

43
 afnSnax? sxfF slt 5g\ < afns / aflnsfsf] ;+Vof
450 16000
430.00 ljBfno 15082.00 afns
400 ;d'bfo aflnsf
14000
hDdf hDdf
350
12000
302.00
300
10000
250 8339.00
8000
200 6743.00

6000
150 128.00

4000
l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

100

50 2000

0 0

kl5Nnf] & jif{df lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldlt gjnk/f;Ldf cfa4 x'g]
afnSnax?sf] jflif{s qmd
450 430.00
@))%
400 @))^
@))&
350 @))*
@))(
300 @)!)
hDdf
250

200
148.00
150

100 78.00
64.00 63.00

50 42.00
35.00

afn Snasf] uflj;:t/Lo ;+hfn /x]sf uflj;x?

8]8ufpF, g/d, u'l7k|;f}gL, klSnxjf, k|tfkk'/, ?rfª, /fsfr'nL, u'7L;"ok{ /" f, a}bf}nL,
/fdk'/ v8f}gf, ldy's/d, x'K;]sf]6, ;f]dgL, /dk'/jf, s'l8of, /s'jf, b]p/fnL, hd'lgof,
x/k'/, cd|f6} , ef/tLk'/, d}gf3f6, ;gO, s'idf, ltnsk'/, hf}af/L, gofF a]nxfgL, lqj]0fL
;':tf, ;'qmf}nL, :jf7L, cv{nf, gf/fo0fL, ;/fjn, 7"nf] v}/6jf, hxbf, wf}afbL, a]lgdlgk'/,
g/;xL, e'hxjf, tD;l/of, ;'gjn, dg/L, u]/dL
-afn Snasf] tYofª\s / dflyNnf tLg tYof+s lrqx? lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldltdf @)^& sflQs
d;fGt;Dd cfa4tf x'bF f afn Snax?n] pknAw u/fPsf] ljj/0fdf cfwfl/t 5g\ ._

44
 &= cGTodf,
Affn Snasf] ;'gf}nf] eljiosf] nflu cWoogsf ;'emfjx?
Ÿ afn Sna Pp6f v's'nf] Pj+ sdhf]/ w/ftndf l;h{gf ePsf] ;+:yf
xf] h;nfO{ ToxL :j?kd} x's{g] cj;/ l;h{gf u/fpg' k5{ .
Ÿ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf Pj+ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] afn SnanfO{ k/lge{/ agfpg'
x'bF g} ;fy} cfkm\gf] lglZrt p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu ;xfos x'g] u/L afn

l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

Sna vf]Ng' klg x'Fb}g .
Ÿ g]kfn ;/sf/n] afn Sna;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt lgod agfpFbf Tof]
lhNnf Pj+ s]Gb|Lo :t/sf lgsfo;Fu geO{ :yfgLo lgsfox?;Fu
-uflj;÷ljBfno_ a9\tf ;dGjo x'g] u/L lgdf{0f ul/g'k5{ .
Ÿ afn Sna btf{sf] qmddf k/:k/ wf/0ffx? NofOg' x'Fb}g . l5§} afn
Sna ldtj]oL btf{÷cfj4tf k|s[of NofOg'k5{ .
Ÿ afn Sna afn clwsf/ ;+/If0f Pj+ k|j4{gsf] ;fy;fy} afnaflnsfsf]
l;h{gzLn lasf; ug]{ / eflj sl/c/sf nflu hu a;fNg] ynf] klg
xf] eGg] ;a}n] a'em\g'k5{ .

v'Nnf lb;fd'Qm If]q 3f]if0ff ug]{ cleofgdf cv{nf uflj;sf

:yfgLo afnSnasf afnaflnsfx?

45
 l;Sb}, l;sfpFb}–afn Sna

46
l6kf]6