Syllubus 2007 Pharm

THE CANADIAN COLLEGE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE
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PHARMACOLOGY
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COURSE OUTLINE
2006-2007 Term II
Course Pharmacology
Course code BAS 208
Times/Location Winter/Spring Term:
Tuesday 2-4pm/Multipurpose room
Thursday 4-7pm/Classroom #4
Lecturers
Paul Saunders Ph.D., N.D.; psaunders@ccnm.edu
Carol Laic B.Sc., N.D., M.Ed.; claic@cogeco.ca
Jenny Ng B.Sc.Phm.; jenny.ng@sw.ca (thurs. 9-11am)
Salma Satchu B.Sc.Phm.; satchus@smh.toronto.on.ca
Laura Margaritis N.D., lmargaritis@sympatico.ca
Course
co-ordinator Carol Laic B.Sc., N.D., M.Ed.
E-mail: claic@cogeco.ca
Office hours Tuesday 11:30 –2 pm
Thursday 2-4 pm
Classes begin: January 8, 2007
Classes end: April 20th, 2007
No Classes: Reading Week: February 19th – 23rd, 2007
Exam Period: April 23rd – May 4th, 2007

Evaluation Timetable:
PERCENT TEST DATE / DUE DATE
Test #1 20% February 1, 2007
Test #2 20% February 27, 2007
Test #3 20% March 27, 2007
Test #4 20% April 19, 2007
Team Based Learning: 20% January 23, 2007

Case Analysis /Discussion (4 cases, 5% each) February 15, 2007
(Submissions and March 20, 2007
Presentations) April 10, 2007
NOTE:
• Because brand names in Canada and US are frequently different, only
GENERIC NAMES will be used (and tested) *(as noted in NPLEX 2006
Blueprint)
• Examination material is based on the lecture and small group presentation
contents.
• Exams are NOT cumulative.
• Students are required to fulfill all evaluation requirements and receive a
passing grade to complete the pharmacology course.
70 % is the minimum passing grade for the course
Supplemental examination:
Will consist of multiple choice questions and short answer questions covering material
from all terms.
Attendance Requirements:
90% attendance is mandatory to successfully complete this course.
Absence due to exceptional circumstances (e.g. illness, death of a close family member)
requires appropriate supportive documentation submitted to Dr. N. Pachkovskaja.
Goals /Course Description:
The course is designed to:
♦ provide students with fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms by which drugs

alter the functions of living cells to relieve the symptoms and pathophysiological
manifestations of disease; as well as the potential of cross reactivity with botanical
medicines;possible nutritional deficiencies incurred by the drug, to be able to
understand the indications and adverse effects of certain common drugs
♦ help students organize thinking about given categories of information
♦ help students to develop skills in integrating knowledge learned in basic science

(anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pathology) with patients clinical
presentations commonly encountered in clinical practice
♦ initiate in students the development of skills in the problem-solving process using

team based dialogue
♦ assist students to recognize the importance of complementary (i.e., allopathic and

naturopathic) approaches used together in patient management and the use of certain
naturopathic therapies to enhance standard medical care
Learning Objectives:
Upon completion of this course students are expected to:
• Become familiar with the names of common pharmacological drugs used to treat
disease
• Understand the physiological mechanism of action of these drugs
• Become familiar with the usage and contraindications to commonly used drugs
• Recognize adverse reactions related to drug usage
• Develop awareness of potential interactions with other drugs / herbs / nutrients as
well as possible drug-induced nutrient deficiencies
• Know botanical medicines that have similar actions
• Understand therapeutic drug monitoring protocols
• Abe to counsel patients on appropriate use and administration of OTC drugs
CASE REPORT: TEAM BASED LEARNING
Learning objectives for Team-based Learning: Case analysis and report:
The Case report will help the students to:

• Review pharmacological topics and related drug therapies
• Develop skills in identifying uses / adverse effects and interactions between
drugs, nutrients and herbs
• Develop critical thinking skills in patient drug management (laboratory tests /
physical exams needed for appropriate drug monitoring)
• Explore controversial issues between conventional and naturopathic medicine
• Stimulate thought, dialogue and research as to possible naturopathic alternatives /
supportive therapy that may be necessary in the specific case situations.
Expectations for Case Analysis and Report (5% each):
• Students will be randomly divided into 20 groups (groups of six-seven) and will
be given time in class to begin analyzing a case pertaining to previously presented
material (some exceptions) and a research portion.
• ALL groups are responsible for answering their case questions and submitting
their full report on the designated due date, to Dr.Carol Laic. Each report must
be 3-4 pages in length (typed). This report must include all references used
(minimum of 3 references).
• Each group will be responsible for completing 4 cases during the course. Each
case will be worth 5% of the course final grade.
• Each case will be marked out of 5 marks (5% of final grade). The marks are
based on report content (resources used / referenced, comprehensive information
presented, demonstrate critical thinking skills), as evaluated by the instructor, and
on the quality of group participation, as evaluated by peers.
• At the beginning of the semester, each group will be assigned a presentation date.
At the beginning of the class that reports are submitted, the 5 selected groups will
be presenting their findings (in a power point presentation format). Each group is
responsible for ONE presentation in the semester. The presentation (including
discussion) must not exceed 15 minutes.
• Presentations must be in typed format (i.e. power point) with appropriate

references and SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY to Dr. Carol Laic.
• Cases will be graded with all group members receiving the same grade.
• Cases not handed in at the start of the class, before presentations begin, will
receive a mark of ZERO.
Required Readings
There is NO mandatory text for this course. All course content will be delivered during
lecture time. Students are responsible for the content delivered in class lectures and
handouts and peer presented cases.
Recommended Readings /websites:

1. Brenner, G. Pharmacology, 2nd ed.. W.B. Saunders Co. ; 2006
2. Kalant, H., Walter H.E., Roschlau. Principals of medical Pharmacology, 7th ed., 2007
3. Mycek M.J., Harvey R.A., Champe P.C. Lippincot’s Illustrated Reviews:
Pharmacology 2nd ed.
4. Minneman K., Wecker, L. Brody’s Human Pharmacology.4th ed. 2005
Refer to individual weekly outlines for additional recommended and suggested readings.
Textbooks, web sites, and professional journals complement the class material and do not replace
each other.
Suggested Resources for Case Analysis:
Texts in the disciplines of:

1. Differential diagnosis
2. Pathology
3. Physical Examination
4. Laboratory diagnosis
5. Pharmacology
6. Physician’s Desk Reference / CPR
7. Herb-drug-nutrient interactions
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY TIMETABLE 2007*
Week Date Topic Lecturer

1a Jan. 9 Introduction - course format Dr. Laic
Pharmacological Principals (Part 1)
1b Jan. 11 Pharmacological Principals (Part 2) Dr. Laic
2a Jan. 16 Individual variation and drug Dr. Laic
responses
CASE #1
2b Jan 18 Drugs acting on the Autonomic Nervous System L. Margaritis
3a Jan. 23 Drug Dependence and Abuse Dr. Laic

CASE #1 Presentations / Discussion
3b Jan. 25 Adverse Drugs Reactions and S. Satchu
Drug Interactions
4a Jan. 30 Drugs acting on the Respiratory System Dr. Laic
4b Feb. 1 TEST #1 (20%) Dr. Laic
5a Feb. 6 Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System Dr. Laic
5b Feb. 8 Drugs acting on the Central Dr. Laic
Nervous System
CASE #2
6a Feb. 13 Drugs used as analgesics (opioid and non-opioid Dr. Laic
drugs)
6b Feb. 15 Drugs used as analgesics (opioid and non-opioid Dr. Laic

drugs) / Heavy Metals
Feb.19-23 READING WEEK – no classes

7a Feb. 27 TEST #2 (20%) Dr. Laic
7b March 1 Drugs acting on the Gastrointestinal system J. Ng
8a March 6 Drugs acting on the Cardiovascular system Dr. Laic
8b March 8 Drugs acting on the Cardiovascular system Dr. Laic
9a March 13 Drugs acting on the dermatologic system / Dr. Laic

anemia / bones
CASE #3
9b March 15 Renal Pharmacology / Genito-urinary drugs S. Satchu
10a March 20 CASE #3 Presentations / Discussion Dr.Laic
10b March 22 Drugs acting on the endocrine system (Part 1) L. Margaritis

11a March 27 TEST #3 (20%) Dr. Laic
11b March 29 Drugs acting on the endocrine system (Part 2) J. Ng
12a April 3 Antimicrobial drugs (Part 1) Dr. Laic

CASE #4
12b April 5 Herb and Drug Interactions Dr.Saunders

(Part 1)
13a April 10 Antimicrobial drugs (Part 2) Dr. Laic
13b April 12 Herb and Drug Interactions Dr.Saunders

(Part 2)
14a April 17 Cancer Chemotherapy and Dr. Laic

Immunopharmocologies
14b April 19 TEST #4 (20%) Dr. Laic

* The Academic Department reserves the right to make schedule changes
WEEK 1a + 1b: Jan 9, 11, 07

INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY (Part 1 & 2)
Learning Objectives
- familiarity with terms and definitions used in pharmacology
- understand the principles of pharmaceutical preparations and prescription writing
- comprehend the different routes of administration, and types of drug preparations
- knowledge of the pharmacokinetic principals of drug absorption, distribution,
biotransformation and elimination
- through cases develop critical thinking skills as to the factors that may influence
each of these pharmacokinetic principals
Topics covered include:

- brief history and development of pharmacology
- definitions of key term (toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, etc.)
- drug sources and preparations
- routes of administration
- drug names
- drug absorption and factors influencing absorption
- drug distribution
- biotransformation of drugs
- drug excretion
- process of drug development and common adverse effects and interactions
- prescription writing
- reporting on adverse drug reactions
Suggested Readings
Minneman K., Wecker, L. Brody’s Human Pharmacology.4th ed. 2005
Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore. Pharmacology, 5th ed. 2003
Brenner, G. Pharmacology, 2nd ed.. W.B. Saunders Co. ; 2006
Page, Curtis, Sutter, Walker, Hoffman. Intergrated Pharmacology, 2nd ed. Mosby; 2002
Kalant, H., Walter H.E., Roschlau. Principals of medical Pharmacology, 7th ed., 2007
Mycek M.J., Harvey R.A., Champe P.C. Lippincot’s Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology
2nd ed.
Olson J. Clinical Pharmacology Made Ridiculously Simple, 2nd ed.
Stringer J.L. Basic concepts in pharmacology: a student’s survival guide, 1996
Craig C.R. Modern pharmacology with clinical applications, 1997
WEEK 2a: Jan 16, 07
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION TO DRUG RESPONSES
Learning Objectives:
- familiarity with terms used in defining drug use and abuse
- recognize the factors that affect the dynamics of in vivo drug actions
- identify individual variables that will influence drug usage
- understanding of factors that influence drug responses and drug dependency
- integrate naturopathic principals, in a case format, to define alternate approaches
to drug dependence / individual variation

- Factors influencing drug response (including body size, age, sex, genetic factors, health
conditions, psychological factors)
- Defining characteristics of drug addiction, dependence and abuse
- Factors that influence the extent of drug use
- Behavioural drug dependance
- The development of drug tolerance and physical dependance
- Drugs used for recreational purposes (cannabis, cocaine, heroin, MDMA,
methamphetamine)
CASE #1
Suggested Readings:
Pelton, R., et. al. Drug-Induced Nutrient Depletion Handbook 2nd ed. Lexi-comp 2002
Newall et al., Herbal Medicine A Guide for Health – Care Professional ,  1996
Pharmaceutical Press
Binker, F. ND. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, Eclectic Medical
Publications, Oregon; 1998
WEEK 2b: Jan 18, 07
DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Learning Objectives
- review knowledge of the physiologic roles of the sympathetic and
parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system in homeostasis and general
physiology
- understanding of the physiological responses produced by activation of the
sympatho-adrenal systems in fight or flight situations
- identify and define the cholinergic and adrenergic receptor subtypes, and describe
their physiological roles
- familiarity with drugs used in the manipulation of the autonomic nervous system
- comprehend and describe their effects, adverse effects, indications,
contraindications and potential interactions these drugs may exhibit with other
drugs / herbs / nutrients

Anatomy and physiology of ANS
Transmission of impulses in the ANS
Response of effector organs to autonomic transmissions
Nicotinic agonist (nicotine patches)
Muscarinic /cholinergic antagonists (donepezil,oxybutynin, tolterodine)
Adrenergic receptor agonists (uses, adverse effects, precursors, and route of
administration of sympathetic catecholamines, uses and adverse effects of general
sympathomimetics (amphetamines, pseudoephedrine, methylphenidate, oxymetazoline)
Adrenergic antagonists (atenolol, metoprolol)
Suggested Readings:
Hardman et al., The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ., 9th Edition, McGraw- Hill
publishers
Newall et al., Herbal Medicine A Guide for Health – Care Professionals, 1996
Brenner, G. Pharmacology. W.B. Saunders Co. ; 2000.
WEEK 3a: Jan 23, 07
DRUG DEPENDENCE AND ABUSE
CASE #1 PRESENTATIONS / DISCUSSION

WEEK 3b: Jan. 25, 07
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND DRUG INTERACTIONS
Learning Objectives
- understand the various mechanisms and classification of adverse drug reactions
(ADR)
- understand the risk factors associated with the development of ADRs
- develop skill in assessing suspected ADRs
- appreciate the impact and relevance of drug interactions (DI)
- comprehend the various mechanisms and classification of DI
- develop skill in evaluating a suspected DI

Types and mechanisms of ADRs
Predisposing risk factors for ADR
Assessment of suspected ADR
Relevance of DI
Classification of DI: Pharmacodynamic versus Pharmacokinetic interactions
Evaluation of Drug Interactions
Suggested Readings:
Dipiro et al. Pharmacotherapy, 4th ed. Appleton & Lange, Stamford 1999; Chap 40-47
Koda-Kimble MA, Young LY. Applied Therapeutics, 6th ed. Applied Therapeutics,
Vancouver 1995; Chap 3 **
Cardi-Active Drug Interactions CME Program Pocket Reference, Solvay Pharma Inc,
2002
www.Rxfiles.ca
www.intelihealth.com
WEEK 4a: Jan 30, 07
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ACTING DRUGS
Learning Objectives
- familiarity with drugs used in the treatment and management of respiratory
diseases
- comprehend the biochemical and physiological mechanism of their action,
- know the uses, adverse effects and potential interactions these drugs may exhibit
with other drugs / herbs / nutrients

First generation H1 blockers (diphenhydramine (Benadryl), cetirizine)
Second generation anti-histamines (loratadine (Claritin), fexofenadine (Allegra))
Inhalant medications (cromolyn sodium (Intal), albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin),
monelukast, salmeterol, bedomethasone, budesomide, fluticasone, ipratropium,
triamcinolone
OTC: common respiratory drugs found in pharmacies, over the counter. (class
presentation)
Suggested Readings:
2nd ed.
http://www.drugdigest.org
www.Rxfiles.ca
WEEK 4b: Feb. 1, 07 TEST #1 (20%)
WEEK 5a + 5b: Feb 6, 8, 07

DRUGS AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Learning Objectives
- Describe the mechanisms of action, use, adverse effects and potential interactions
of drugs used to treat disorders of the nervous system listed below
- Apply knowledge of the material presented in a case discussion

Muscle relaxants (carisoprodol (Soma), cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril))
Hypnotics/ sedatives and anxiolytics (alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam, melatonin,
temazepam, zolpidem)
Drugs used in psychiatric disorders (phenothiazines; haloperidol (Haldol); tricyclic
antidepressants; serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, fluoxetine (Prozac) sertraline (Zoloft);
MAO inhibitors; lithium, amitriptyline, bupropion, citalopran, paroxetine, trazadone)
Anti-epileptics ( pheytoin (Dilantin), clonazepam (Klonopin), carbamazepine (Tegretol),
gabapentin, divalproex)
Drugs in treatment of movement disorders (levodopa/carbodopa (Sinemet))
Antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone)
Drugs in the treatment of migraine (sumatriptan)
CASE #2
Suggested Readings:
Hardman et al., The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th Edition, McGraw- Hill
publishers
Hardman et al. Goodmans & Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 9th
Edition, McGraw- Hill publishers
Olsen, James. Clinical Pharmacology Made Ridiculously Simple, Medmaster, 1998.
2nd ed. , 2000
Newall et al., Herbal Medicine A Guide for Health – Care Professional , 1996
http://www.pdf.org/index.cfm,
http://www.neuropat.dote.hu/movement.htm
www.Rxfiles.ca
WEEK 6a +6b: Feb 13,15, 07
ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS/HEAVY
METAL CHELATORS
Learning Objectives
- familiarity with drugs used in the manipulation of inflammatory processes and in
pain management

Review of biochemical components of the inflammatory reaction
Topical analgesics (Benzocaine, capsaicin, methyl salicylate)
Opioids (codeine, oxycodone (Percodan), morphine, hydrocodone, methadone, fentanyl)
Non-opioids (acetaminophen, NSAIDs (asprin, ibuprofen, naproxyn), celecoxib,
rafecoxib, sulfasalazine)
Rheumatic disorders (methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine)
Drugs used to treat Gout (allopurinol, colchicines)
Penicillamine, EDTA, DMPS, DMSA, deferoxamine
CASE #2 PRESENTATIONS/DISCUSSION
Suggested Readings:
2nd ed. , 2000
Marz , R., Medical Nutrition from Marz 2nd ed. Omni-Press, 1997
http://www.paincare.org/
WEEK Feb 19-23: READING WEEK ( no classes )
WEEK 7a: Feb. 27, 07 TEST #2 (20%)
WEEK 7b: March 1, 07

DRUGS USED IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM (GI)
Learning Objectives
- familiarity with the major classes of medications used in the treatment of
gastrointestinal disease (peptic ulcer disease, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, IBD,
gallstones, alcoholism, liver disease)

H2 blockers (ranitidine (Zantac), esomeprazole),
Anti-diarrheals -Agents that decrease motility (loperamide (Imodium))
Agents that increase motility: laxatives and cathartics (polyethylene glycol, bulking
agents (psyllium)), stool softeners (docusate), stimulating agents (magnesium, bisacodyl)
Digestive aides (hydrochloric acid, enzymes, Ca++ carbonate,)
Anti-emetics (prochlorperazine)
Treatment of hyperlipidemia (atorvastatin, lovastatin, niacin, simvastatin)
Suggested Readings:
Convington TR. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. APhA. 1996
Koda-Kimble MA. Applied Therapeutics: The clinical use of drugs. 2001
Grey J. Therapeutic Choices-3rd Edition. CPhA. 2000 – pp. 373-395, 867-881
Jellin JM, Gregory P, Batz F, Hitchens, K et al. Pharmacist’s Letter/ Prescriber’s Letter
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database 3rd Ed. Stockton, CA: Therapeutic Research
Faculty; 2000
http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/HC/Treatment/0,4047,21,00.html – Peptic Ulcer disease
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/constipation/index.htm -Constipation
http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/HC/Treatment/0,4047,550307,00.html - IBD
WEEK 8a +8b: March 6, 8, 07
DRUGS AFFECTING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Learning Objectives
- Describe the mechanisms of action, use, adverse effects and potential interactions
interactions these drugs may exhibit with other drugs / herbs / nutrients of drugs
used to treat cardiovascular disorders ( listed below)
- Apply knowledge of the material presented in a disease state discussion, on
hypertension, congestive heart, failure, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia and acute
coronary syndromes.
- familiarity with drugs used in the management of cardiac insufficiency,
hypertension and lipid imbalances
- know the uses, adverse effects and potential

Cardiac glycosides (digoxin (Lanoxin), carvedilol)
Anti-arrhytmics (amiodarone, propafenone)
Anti-hypertensives (B-blockers: atenolol, metoprolol, losartan; ACE inhibitors;
benazepril, lisinopril, verapamil; Ca++ chanel blockers: clonidine, diltiazem; Diuretics:
furosemide (Lasix), propanolol (Inderal), hydrochlorothiazide/tiramterene (Dyazide),
spironolactone; a1 selective blocker: doxazosin (Cardura); reduce central sympathetic
outflow: guanfacine (Tenex))
Anti-anginals / vasodilators (nitrogycerin, Ca++ channel blockers)
Anti-coagulants and anti-thrombotics (warfarin (Coumadin), aspirin, heparin,
clopidogrel, vitamin K)
Suggested Readings:
publishers
Ernst E., Cardiovascular adverse effects of herbal medicine: A systemic review of the
recent literature, Can J Cardiol Vol 19 No.7; 818-827.
www.theheart.org,
www.americanheart.org, www.arrhythmiaonline.com,
http://ww1.heartandstroke.ca, www.pulsus.com, www.chs.md/
Page, Curtis, Sutter, Walker, Hoffman. Intergrated Pharmacology, 2nd ed.; 2002
WEEK 9a: March 13, 07
DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA/BONE/DERMATOLOGIC
CONDITIONS
CASE # 3
RENAL PHARMACOLOGY
Learning Objectives
- review renal anatomy and physiology as it relates to drug elimination
- understand the sub-processes involved in renal drug elimination
- become familiar with the various clinical presentations of end stage renal disease
- appreciate the effect of end stage renal disease on drug dosing
- comprehend the importance of drug-induced nephrotoxicity

- Renal anatomy and physiology
- Renal drug elimination: filtration, secretion and reabsorption
- End stage renal disease (ESRD)
- Symptomatic and clinic abnormalities of ESRD
a. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
b. Renal osteodystrophy
c. Anemia
d. Vitamin deficiency
e. Constipation
f. Cardiovascular disease
- Drug dosing in renal failure
- Drug-induced nephrotoxicity
Suggested Readings:
Kalant, H., Walter H.E., Roschlau. Principals of medical Pharmacology, 6th ed., 1998 **
Bennet WM et al. Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure, 4th ed. American College of
Physicians. Philadelphia 1999
Dipiro et al. Pharmacotherapy, 4th ed. Appleton & Lange, Stamford 1999; Chap 40-47
Fox Stuart Ira. Human Physiology, 5th ed. Wm. C. Brown Publishers, 1996; Chap 17
Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, Chap 112
Koda-Kimble MA, Young LY. Applied Therapeutics, 6th ed. Applied Therapeutics,
Vancouver 1995; Chap 29,20,32 **
WEEK 10a : March 20, 07
CASE #3 Presentations/Discussion

DRUGS AFFECTING ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (PART 1)
Learning Objectives
- Understand and be able to explain Hypothalamic – Pituitary Target organ axes
- List the types of estrogens used therapeutically, explain their therapeutic actions,
adverse effects ,contraindications, interactions, recognize the therapeutic uses for
antiestrogens .
- List the reasons for use of progestins in oral contraceptives; discuss other uses for
progestins and their adverse effects.
- Recognize the clinical and non clinical uses of antiandrogens, recognize the side
effects of androgens .
- Describe the synthesis of thyroid hormone, point out the sites of action for
inhibitors of thyroid hormone synthesis, and explain the therapeutic effects of
thyroid hormones in the treatment of hypothyroidism; explain the therapeutic
effects of anti-thyroid drugs in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
- Describe the mechanisms of action, use, adverse effects and potential
interactions these drugs may exhibit with other drugs / herbs / nutrients

Birth control and hormone replacement (conjugated estrogens, drospirenone, estradiol,
estriol, estrone), progesterone, medroxyprogesterone, clomiphene, norgestimate,
norelgestromin, tamoxifen
Male hormonal treatments (testosterone)
Other steroids (DHEA, pregnenolone, androstenedione)
Thyroid (USP (dessicated) thyroid, levothyroxine (Synthroid), triiodothyronine)
Melatonin
Suggested Readings:
publishers
Faculty; 2000
http://www.thyroid.org/resources/professionals/nacb.html,http://www.thyroidmanager.org
/, http://www.thyroidmanager.org/thyroidbook.htm,
http://www.patient.co.uk/illness/h/hypothyroidism.html
WEEK 11a: March 27,07 TEST #3 (20%)

DRUGS AFFECTING ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (PART 2)
Learning Objectives
• Understand the basic pharmacological action of diabetic medications
• To learn about diabetic complications and medications used to treat these

complications
• To gain a better understanding of how these medications may interact with

naturopathic remedies
- familiarity with drugs used in hormone based therapy

Insulin (regular, NPH, isophane insulin)
Oral hypoglycemic agents (glucagons, glyburide, metformin, rosiglitazone)
Suggested Readings:
Kalant H, Roschlau, Walter HE. Principles of Pharmacology 6th edition 1998
Koda-Kimble MA. Applied Therapeutics: The clinical use of drugs. 2001
Grey J. Therapeutic Choices-3rd Edition. CPhA. 2000
Faculty; 2000
www.diabetes.ca/cpg2003/chapters.aspx
http://www.pharmacyconnects.com/ce/practice/index.jsp – click on article on treatment of
type II diabetes
WEEK 12a + 13a: April 3, 10, 07
ANTI-MICROBIAL DRUGS
Learning Objectives
- familiarity with drugs used in the treatment of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral
diseases

Anti-fungals: nystatin, clotrimazole (gyne Lotrimin), fluconazole, terbinafine)
Anti-parasitics / helmintics: metronidazole (Flagyl), piperazine)
Anti-malarials (cholorquine)
Penicillin and derivatives (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulinic acid (Augmentin))
Cephalosporins (cephalexin (Keflex)
Erythromycin and derivatives (incl. azithromycin (Zithromax))
Tetracycline and derivatives (doxycycline)
Sulfanomides and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra), ciprofloxacin, triple
sulfa
Aminoglycosides (tobramycin)
Anti-virals (acyclovir (Zovirax), amantadine, didanosine, famciclovir, indinavir,
lamivudine, vancyclovir, zidovudine)
Urinary antiseptics: phenzopyridine
Others: muprocin, silver nitrate
CASE #4 Presentations / Discussions
Suggested Readings:
Brenner, G. Pharmacology, 2nd ed.. W.B. Saunders Co. ; 2006.
2nd ed. , 2000
WEEK 12b + 13b: April 5, 12, 07
HERB AND DRUG INTERACTIONS
Learning Objectives
- familiarity with known drug and herb interactions
- recognize herb categories / mechanisms of action that may interfere with or
enhance drug absorption, assimilation, biotransformation and / or elimination or
may decrease drug side effects
- students are expected to be familiar with drugs by name as well as the herbs by
their scientific binomial name

These two lectures will be organized around drug categories and then herbs with real
(human, animal), or test tube, or theoretical interactions will be presented
Possible mechanisms of interactions will be given where know or where there is some
theoretical basis
Doses will be presented, especially when dose is critical to the interaction process
Selected Botanical References :

Weiss, Rudolf Fritz. 1988. Herbal medicine. Translated from 6 th German Edition.
Beaconsfield Publishers Ltd., Beaconsfield, England. 362p.
Brinker, Francis J. 1983. The toxicology of botanical medicine. 2nd Edition.
National College of Naturopathic Medicine, Portland, OR. 141p.
Hsu, Hong-Yen, Yuh-Pan Chen, Shuenn-Jyi Shen, Chau-Shin Hsu, Chien-Chih Chen,and
Hsien-Chang Chang. 1986. Oriental materia medica: a concise guide. Oriental Healing
Arts Institute, Long Beach, CA. 932p.
Chandler, Frank, et al. (eds.). 2000. Herbs: everyday reference for health professionals.
Canadian Pharmacists Association and Canadian Medical Association. Ottawa, ON.
240p.
Brinker, Francis. 2001. Herb contraindications and drug interactions. 3rd Edition.
Eclectic Medical Publications. Sandy, OR. 432p.
Boon, Heather and Michael Smith. 2004. The complete natural medicine guide to the 50
most common medicinal herbs. Robert Rose, Toronto, ON. 352p.
Barnes, Joanne, Linda A. Anderson, J David Phillipson. 2002. Herbal medicines: a guide
for healthcare professionals. 2nd Ed. Pharmaceutical Press, London, UK. 530p
Evans, William Charles, Daphne Evans. 2002. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 15th
Edition. W.B. Saunders, Toronto, ON. 585p.
Brinker, Francis. 2004. Complex herbs-complete medicines. Eclectic Medical
Publications, Sandy, OR.
WEEK 14a: April 17, 07
CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
Learning Objectives
- familiarity with drugs used in the manipulation of the immune system and tumor
growth

Tumorigenesis
Principals of cell proliferation and chemotherapeutics
Principals of combination chemotherapeutics, commonly used “cocktails”
Resistance to chemotherapeutics
DNA interferance drugs (alkylating – mechlorethamine; nitrosureas- carmustine;
platinum compounds – cisplatin/ carboplatin; misc. – pro/dacarbazine)
Indirect DNA damaging drugs (anthracyclines – doxo/danuorubicin; topoisomerases –
eto/teniposide; misc. – bleomycins, dactinomycin )
Anti-metabolites (methotrexate)
Pyrimidine analogs (5-fluorouracil)
Purine antimetabolites (fludarabine)
Tubulin binding agents (vinka alkaloids, paclitaxel)
Tamoxifen, Aromatase inhibitors
Suggested Readings:
www. afscme.org/health/faq-cyto.htm
WEEK 14b: April 19, 07 TEST #4 (20%)

Syllubus 2007 Pharm

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THE CANADIAN COLLEGE OF NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE

Classes begin: January 8, 2007

Classes end: April 20th, 2007

No Classes: Reading Week: February 19th – 23rd, 2007

Exam Period: April 23rd – May 4th, 2007

PERCENT TEST DATE / DUE DATE

Test #1 20% February 1, 2007

Test #2 20% February 27, 2007

Test #3 20% March 27, 2007

Test #4 20% April 19, 2007

Team Based Learning: 20% January 23, 2007

70 % is the minimum passing grade for the course

90% attendance is mandatory to successfully complete this course.

The course is designed to:

♦ provide students with fundamental knowledge of the mechanisms by which drugs

♦ help students organize thinking about given categories of information

♦ help students to develop skills in integrating knowledge learned in basic science

♦ initiate in students the development of skills in the problem-solving process using

♦ assist students to recognize the importance of complementary (i.e., allopathic and

Learning objectives for Team-based Learning: Case analysis and report:

The Case report will help the students to:

Expectations for Case Analysis and Report (5% each):

• Presentations must be in typed format (i.e. power point) with appropriate

Recommended Readings /websites:

Suggested Resources for Case Analysis:

Texts in the disciplines of:

Week Date Topic Lecturer

1b Jan. 11 Pharmacological Principals (Part 2) Dr. Laic

2a Jan. 16 Individual variation and drug Dr. Laic

2b Jan 18 Drugs acting on the Autonomic Nervous System L. Margaritis

3a Jan. 23 Drug Dependence and Abuse Dr. Laic

3b Jan. 25 Adverse Drugs Reactions and S. Satchu

5b Feb. 8 Drugs acting on the Central Dr. Laic

6b Feb. 15 Drugs used as analgesics (opioid and non-opioid Dr. Laic

Feb.19-23 READING WEEK – no classes

8a March 6 Drugs acting on the Cardiovascular system Dr. Laic

8b March 8 Drugs acting on the Cardiovascular system Dr. Laic

9a March 13 Drugs acting on the dermatologic system / Dr. Laic

9b March 15 Renal Pharmacology / Genito-urinary drugs S. Satchu

10a March 20 CASE #3 Presentations / Discussion Dr.Laic

10b March 22 Drugs acting on the endocrine system (Part 1) L. Margaritis

12a April 3 Antimicrobial drugs (Part 1) Dr. Laic

12b April 5 Herb and Drug Interactions Dr.Saunders

13b April 12 Herb and Drug Interactions Dr.Saunders

14a April 17 Cancer Chemotherapy and Dr. Laic

14b April 19 TEST #4 (20%) Dr. Laic

WEEK 1a + 1b: Jan 9, 11, 07

Topics covered include:

Topics covered include:

Topics covered include:

CASE #1 PRESENTATIONS / DISCUSSION

Topics covered include:

Topics covered include:

WEEK 5a + 5b: Feb 6, 8, 07

Topics covered include:

Topics covered include:

WEEK 7a: Feb. 27, 07 TEST #2 (20%)

WEEK 7b: March 1, 07

Topics covered include:

Topics covered include:

Topics covered include:

WEEK 10b: March 22, 07

Topics covered include: