Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EAK
EAK
, 2000
1
,
: .
1 .
.
1.1.1 [2]
.
.
1.1.1 [5]
.
.
1.3.3
.
.
2
: .
2 (2.1 2.2) .
.
2.2.2.1
5%.
1993
q.
. 1995,
, ,
,
.
=5 =1,
.
2.8 2
4 .
1.32 1.08.
.
.
.
2.2.2.4
q.
[2] q.
q
.
2.6 .
,
5% 10%
. q,
,
.
2.6 1. q=2
50% 1/3 .
.
.
8
1995 :
.
K 3
: .
.
1.
3 ,
.
(, , , .)
(, , .)
.
, , 3
.
(. ),
. :
K 3 :
1995
2000
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4.
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
. 3.1 .
. 3.2 ,
,
,
. , ( . 3.5.1)
.
3.3 3.5
, .
5
. 3.4 ,
.
. 3.6 .
, . 3.7 ,
,
(S=a =0,
), . ,
2,5 2 :
(z) = 2 (/g) (1+z/H) / [(1+(1-T/)2]
=0 : (0) = /g
, 8 (3
2, 3 1992!).
,
3.3 3.5 .
2. ( )
2.1
,
.
(., ),
.
(.
)
,
.
;
.
. , 2000
, .
. .
, ,
, .
.
, .
;
.
2.2
, .
, ,
, ,
.
,
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
, ,
.
2000.
2000.
; .
.
2.3 :
() ' ()
2000
, , .
< 0.35 i
()
i=i+1 Ki
< 0.35 Ki
< 0.50 i
< 0.50 i
()
mi=mi+1 mi
< 0.35 mi
< 0.50 mi
i = (/hi)
( )
, 2000,
.
.
2.4
.
, ,
. :
. T ; ( =;)
. ' ; ( Fi = ;)
. ( )
;
. ;
.
,
.
,
. ,
.
,
, .
.
.
.
..
, ,
. , 8
.
, ,
,
, ,
9
, ,
. , ,
,
.
, (, 8,
SEAOC), ,
. ;
,
.
.
2000 ,
,
.
.
,
.
;
:
, ,
. :
,
, . ,
. ,
, .
10
inimum
Po
(z)
,
.
E, 2000
(, ),
.
.
2.5 ()
,
( ) :
()
eo =
.
11
()
2 = z / K : z = ,
K =
= u/z
u =
z = z=1
, ,
.
() m
2m = 2 + eo2
r (
) :
m > r
m <= r
! ! ( :
)
2000
( ) .
,
(x y) m,i i
ri
.
2.6
: (
) ;
,
, , ,
( )
. ,
. ,
12
, ,
:
()
,
. ei = 0.05LI ( i),
.
eo
Po
min e
max e
E
() efi, eri ,
( )
. ;
,
.
, ,
.
.
. 2000,
13
( 2000),
.
2.7
. :
; .! 2000 :
() .
, ,
.
X Y,
() .
.
:
: ,X ,X
: , ,
; ,
= ,X + ,
= ,X + ,
, .
, ,
,
:
ex M =
(M,X)2 + (M,)2
ex N =
(,X)2 + (,)2
;
,
. , 4 :
( ex M , simult )
( ex , simult M )
14
,
,
( ) .
2000
.
, 2000
( )
.
3.
,
.
.
3.1
( )
.
,
"
"
"
( 2000 ),
.
, 2000 ,
,
(.. x y
). ..,
.
15
R b=Ra
Ra
Rb'
Rb
Ra'
Ra
2000
. ..,
8, the design seismic action shall be applied along all
relevant horizontal directions. (3.3.3.1 (4)), .
.
,
.
, , ,
, .
.
.
16
3.2
.
, (.
) .
, . ,
4 , 2 .
: , 4
: , , mi
=
ei I (. ).
2000 .
mi
exi
mi
KBi
KBi
Rd
exi
Rd
mi
KBi
eyi
KBi
eyi
mi
2
,
. .
.
.
17
Rd
1995
Rd
2000
ei Fi
2 ei Fi
2eiFi
H
, ,
,
, .
,
( 2 ! ).
2000.
3.3
(.. , . )
. ( x)
,
(CQC, Complete Quadratic Combination)
i,x :
ex M,x =
i j ij Mi,x Mj,x
(SRSS, Square root of the Sum of Squares) :
ex M,x =
i (Mi,x )2
SRSS CQC
.
. ( )
ex M =
18
,
SRSS, .
3.4
:
;
.
,
( exM,
exN )
, 4
: , .
( ex M, x+y , simult , x+y )
( ex , x+y , simult M, x+y )
ex M
simult M
simult M
simult
ex
simult
simult
simult
ex
4 4x6=24 . 24
.
, 2000
.
8 .
19
, . :
(..
).
,
;
,
.
, ,
2000, :
, , .
. , 2
x y :
S =
Sx + 0.3 Sy
S = 0.3 Sx +
Sy
.. :
ex M,x
Sx =
ex M,x
ex ,x
(8 )
ex M,y
Sy =
ex M,y
ex ,y
(8 )
2x8x8=128 .
4
, 4x128=256
, .
.
2000, ,
:
ex M,x+y
ex M,x+y
ex ,x+y
20
8 , 4x8=24,
. ,
.
21
.
: .
3.3.3
[2]
P0 z0
(i0),
Mzi = cFi,
.
Fi.
,
X Y,
FiX FiY .
;
22
3.3.3
[3]
x, y
P0XY
:
2 =
2u XY
u XX uYY
P0
FiX uXX, uYX
FiY uXY, uYY
uYX = uXY.
uYX = uXY.
:
FiX FiY uYX = uXY
FiX = FiY
, . {9} {10} 3
)
uYX = uXY
23
3.3.3
24
3.3.3
[4]
,
x,y .
(. .3.3.3) :
[4]
. (3.2)
(.. <10), .
(.. uXX uYY)
, =0.
[4],
x,y ,
.
[4], (
uXX uYY ),
.
25
5 ( Fi)
Xp = uY/ = 0,0032/0,00135 = 2,37 m
Yp = uX/ = 0,0032/0,00135 = 2,37 m
uXX = 0,0646
uYX = 0,0054
uXY = 0,0054
uYY = 0,0646
2 =
2=90
2u XY
0,0108
0,0108
=
=
=
u XX uYY (0,0646 0,0646)
0
=45
26
1
Xp = uY/ = 0,01922/0,005508 = 3,489 m
Yp = uX/ = 0,01922/0,005508 = 3,489 m
uXX = 0,01061
uYX = 0,00144
uXY = 0,00144
uYY = 0,01061
2 =
2=90
2u XY
0,00288
0,00288
=
=
=
u XX uYY 0,01061 0,01061
0
=45
27
1
Xp = uY/ = 0,009425/0,002358 = 3,997 m
Yp = uX/ = 0,008568/0,002358 = 3,634 m
uXX = 0,072420
uXY = 0,000944
2 =
uYX = 0,000944
uYY = 0,073620
2u XX
0,001888
=
= 1,57
u XX uYY 0,07242 0,07362
2=57,5
=28,8
28
-
, :
Fi ,
,
FiX FiY.
,
.
3.3.3.[4] "
, x,y
",
'
.
29
.
: .
) 10 .
) n 5
. 4
2
3 2
V.
1.
()
>2
>2
IV
:
) .
4,
35% .
) i
0.35 i: i+1- i<0.35 i
i
0.50 i: i- i+1<0.50 i
) mi 0.35 mi:
mi+1- mi<0.35 mi
mi 0.50 mi:
mi -mi+1 <0.50 mi
.
30
.
) V.
)
Fi= V
mizi
,
m jz j
i,j=1,2,,N
F1
F
2 (
: z=1 .
. z)
FN
z.
)
F1
F
2
F= .
.
FN
Fi Po,i
. uX,X, uY,X
Po ( 0.8H).
F1
F
2
) F= .
.
FN
31
Fi Po,i Y
. uX,Y
uY,Y
Po ( 0.8H).
x X
:
2=
2u XY
( )
u XX u YY
<10, X Y (
).
),
.
.
.
:
mx,i<ri my,i<ri , .
mx,i=
2x
2
e ox
,i
my,i=
2y
2
e oy
,i
eoy,i
eoi
Poi
eox,i
Mi
x
uy
z
y=
ux
,
z
:
ux: x ( ) Po (zo=0.8H) Fx
Po,i x .
uy: y ( ) Po (zo=0.8H) Fy
Po,i y .
z: zo=0.8H z.
ux uy
Fx Fy .
:
32
ef er ( )
1) Mz
2) ) FX (
.
) FY (
).
.
max ex,i=efx,i+ex,i
max ey,i=efy,i+ey,i
min ex,i=erx,i-ex,i
min ey,i=ery,i-ex,i
: ex,i=0.05Lx,i , ey,i=0.05Ly,i :
efx,i , erx,i , efy,i ery,i :
:
efx,i=1.5 ex,i
efy,i=1.5 ey,i
erx,i=0.5 ex,i
ery,i=0.5 ey,i
ex,i: Poi i
x .
ey,i: Poi i
y.
Po,i Po,i i
(i i ). ex,i , ey,i
. efx,i efy,i . erx,i
ery,i .
.
.
x y.
33
Tx (
x) uy,i z,i
. Ty (
y) ux,i z,i
.
.
x,i y,i.
(), (), ()
.
:
x = 0.09
H
Lx
H
H
y = 0.09
H + xLx
Ly
H
H + yLy
:
:
Lx, Ly:
x y .
x , y:
x y
.
, ,
ix iy
.
Vox = MRd(Tx) Voy = MRd(Ty)
M: .
M .
M
.
Fi,x=(Vox-VHx)
mi x , i
,
m jx , j
i,j=1,2,,N (N )
34
Fi,y=(Voy-VHy)
mi y ,i
m jy, j
mi: i
i,x : i
x.
i,y : i
y.
VHx = 0.07 TxVox, (VHx 0.25Vox)
VHy = 0.07 TyVoy, (VHy 0.25Voy)
VHx : Tx> 1 sec.
VHy : Ty> 1 sec.
:
Fi,x=(Vox-VHx)
mizi
m jz j
(1)
Fi,y=(Voy-VHy)
mizi
m jz j
(1)
: zi i .
:
) 1, 2 3 2
.
) 1 2 3
, ,
) 1 2 4
.
2. 1, 1
()
1, 2 3
1 2
1 2
.
max ex,i, max ey,i, min ex,i min ey,i
:
35
Fx min ey
Fx max ey
Fy min ex
Fy max ex
.1
F, FY z,
(1, 1)
max ex,i, max ey,i, min ex,i min ey,i
.
Z.
4
.
Fx (min ey) Fy (min ex)
Fx (min ey) Fy (max ex)
Fx (max ey) Fy (min ex)
Fx (max ey) Fy (max ex)
36
.2
:
)
exA
x, y z
:
exA= A, 2x + A, 2y + A, 2z
,x, A,y A,z
x, y z .
exA ,
:
,=
A, y
A, x
A,
B, x +
B, y + z B, z
exA
exA
exA
F:
x,y z.
Fx, Fy Fz
x, y z ( ,
).
:
F = Fx 0.3Fy
F = 0.3Fx Fy
8 :
F1 = Fx + 0.3Fy = - F5
F3 = 0.3Fx + Fy = - F7
F2 = Fx 0.3Fy = - F6
F4 = -0.3Fx + Fy = -F8
.3
.
)
,
( )
, ,
(2 3).
exM
M , M
M , N
38
, , :
ex= M , 2x + M , 2y + M , 2z
,=
,=
M ,x
exM
M ,x
exM
M ,x +
N ,x +
M ,y
exM
M ,y
M,y +
N ,y +
exM
M ,z
exM
M ,z
exM
M ,z
N ,z
ex= M , 2x + M , 2y + M , 2z
,=
,=
M ,x
exM
M ,x
exM
M ,x +
N ,x +
M ,y
exM
M,y
exM
M ,y +
N ,y +
M ,z
exM
M ,z
exM
M ,z
N ,z
ex = N , 2x + N , 2y + N , 2z
,N=
,N=
N ,x
exN
N ,x
exN
M ,x +
M ,x +
N ,y
exN
N ,y
exN
M ,y +
M ,y +
N ,z
exN
N ,z
exN
M ,z
M ,z
.
, 4x6=24 .
)
8
.
.
: 8x4 = 32
, 32 .
, 96 96
.
39
:
Gk + P + 2i .Qki.
40
V.
: Fi= V
mizi
,
m jz j
i,j=1,2,,N
: z = 1.F
z Po ( zi=0.8H)
Po.
PoXY.
FX
uX,X , uY,X
FY
uX,Y , uY,Y
2=
2u XY
u XX u YY
( Poxy)
ux Fx
uy Fy
x=
uy
z
y=
ux
z
max ex,i=efx,i+ex,i
max ey,i=efy,i+ey,i
min ex,i=erx,i-ex,i
min ey,i=ery,i-ex,i
ex,i=0.05Lx,i
ey,i=0.05Ly,i :
ef er
efx,i=1.5 ex,i
efy,i=1.5 ey,i
erx,i=0.5 ex,i
ery,i=0.5 ey,i
x y ( )
Vox Voy
41
Fx,i Fy,i
exA= A, 2x A, 2y + A, 2z
,=
A, y
A,
A, x
B, x +
B, y + z B, z
exA
exA
exA
F= Fx0.3Fy0.3Fz
F= 0.3FxFy0.3Fz
F= 0.3Fx0.3FyFz
4*8=32
4*6=24
4*24=96
42
: 20 cm
:
20 cm
:
25/60
: =2.8*107 kN/m2
: 15 kN/m2
:
:
40/40
:
h=3.2 m
: q=3.5
:
: =5%
(/2000
.3.2.3)
1.86
1.86
4.464
8.184
3.72
O
3.72
3.72
3.72
11.16
:
m=(3.72*3+(3.72+4.464))*15/9.81=139.65 t(SI)
V=300 kN
43
Fi= V
mizi
m
z
j j
: F1= V
mizi
139.65 * 3.2
= 100 kN
= 300
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j
F2= V
mizi
139.65 * 6.4
= 200 kN
= 300
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j
100
kNm
200
: z =
z
0.8=5.12 m, 2
.
2 :
uX
6.606*10-4
uY
-4.71*10-4
1.034*10-4
2 :
X=-uY/Z= -4.71*10-4/1.034*10-4=4.555 , =uX/Z=6.606*10-4/1.034*10-4=6.389
Po (4.555, 6.389, 6.4).
Po :
)
100
,
200
FX=
Poi.
)
100
, Y
200
FY=
Poi.
uX(Po)
uY(Po)
FX
-3
1.31*10
4.53*10-6
FY
4.56*10-6
1.56*10-3
44
2=
2u XY
= 1.037 o .
:
u XX u YY
x y X Y.
100
Po Fx =
x
200
Poi (ux0 , uy0).
)
100
y
200
Po Fy =
uy
z
1.56 *10 -3
= 3.8842 ,
1.034 * 10 -4
y=
ux
1.31 * 10 3
=
= 3.5594
z
1.034 * 10 4
XY :
=5.58 ,
Y=4.092
Po=4.555 , YPo=6.389
:
eox,1= eox,2=5.58-4.555=1.025
eoy,1= eoy,2=6.389-4.092=2.297
: r1=r2=
11.16 2 + 8.184 2
= 3.995
12
:
2
2
2
mx,1= mx,2= 2x + e ox
,i = 3.8842 + 1.025 = 4.017 > 3.995
2
2
2
my,1= my,2= 2y + e oy
,i = 3.5594 + 2.297 = 4.236 > 3.995.
45
:
efx,i=1.5 ex,i efx,1= efx,2=1.5 ex,1=1.5*1.025=1.5375
efy,i=1.5 ey,i efy,1= efy,2=1.5 eyx,1=1.5*2.297=3.445
erx,i=0.5 ex,i erx,1= erx,2=0.5 ex,1=0.5*1.025=0.5125
ery,i=0.5 ey,i ery,1= ery,2=0.5 ey,1=0.5*2.297=1.148
T :
ex,i=0.05Lx,i ex,1= ex,2=0.05*11.16=0.558
ey,i=0.05Ly,i ey,1= ey,2=0.05*8.184=0.4092
:
max ex,i=efx,i+ex,i max ex,1= max ex,2=efx,1+ex,1=1.5375+0.558=2.0955
max ey,i=efy,i+ey,i max ey,1= max ey,2=efy,1+ey,1=3.445+0.4092=3.8542
min ex,i=erx,i-ex,i
min ey,i=ery,i-ex,i
(E.A.K./2000 .3.5.2[1] ):
x = 0.09
H
Lx
H
H
=0.14 y = 0.09
H + xLx
Ly
H
=0.185
H + yLy
:
x=0.1875 y=0.2059
Rd(Tx)= 0.16*9.81 1 +
Rd(Ty)= 0.16*9.81
0.1875 2.5
*(
1) = 1.149 m / s 2
0.2
3.5
2.5
= 1.121 m / s 2
3.5
:
=2*139.65=279.3
Vox = * Rd(Tx)= 279.3*1.149=320.9 kN
46
mizi
139.65 * 3.2
= 106.97 kN
= 320.9
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j
F2,x= Vox
mizi
139.65 * 6.4
= 293.94 kN
= 320.9
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j
F1,y= Voy
mizi
139.65 * 3.2
= 104.367 kN
= 313.1
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j
F2,y= Voy
mizi
139.65 * 6.4
= 208.734 kN
= 313.1
139.65 * (3.2 + 6.4)
m jz j
.
Y
1.86
1.86
4.464
Fi,y
Po
0.045
Fi,x
Fi,y
0.74
2.09
M
3.85
Fi,x
3.72
O
3.72
3.72
3.72
47
106.97
min ey
213.94
3) Fy=
106.97
max ey
213.94
4) Fy=
max ex
208.73
1) Fx=
2) Fx=
104.38
min ex
208.73
104.38
.
N, Mx My 1
.
Mx
My
Fx (min ey)
-13.06
-7.21
-20.1
Fx (max ey)
-12.39
-33.47
-45.58
Fy (min ex)
14.71
-18.06
-0.3745
Fy (max ex)
15.16
-35.67
-17.46
:
1. Fx (min ey) Fy (min ex)
2. Fx (min ey) Fy (max ex)
3. Fx (max ey) Fy (min ex)
4. Fx (max ey) Fy (max ex)
. 1
24 (, x, My)
1 .
48
1. 1
My
ex = 19.67
x,N= -8.718
y,N= 13.065
,x= -8.819
exx= 19.44
y,x= 7.8
,y=12.78
x,y= 7.54
exy= 20.1
ex = -19.67
x,N= -8.718
y,N= -13.065
,x= 8.819
exx= -19.44
y,x= -7.8
,y= -12.78
x,y= -7.54
exy= -20.1
ex = 20.1
x,N= -22.32
y,N= -0.109
,x= -12.27
exx= 36.39
y,x= 21.09
,y= -0.08
x,y= 28.83
exy= 26.62
ex = -20.01
x,N= 22.32
y,N= 0.109
,x= 12.27
exx= -36.39
y,x= -21.09
,y= 0.08
x,y= -28.83
exy= -26.62
ex = 19.24
x,N= 7.75
y,N= 29.08
,x= 3.92
exx= 38.03
y,x= 40.29
,y= 12.27
x,y= 33.62
exy= 45.58
ex = -19.24
x,N= -7.75
y,N= -29.08
,x= -3.92
exx= -38.03
y,x= -40.29
,y= -12.27
x,y= -33.62
exy= -45.58
ex = 19.58
x,N= -6.44
y,N= 15.32
,x= -2.58
exx= 48.92
y,x= 43.92
,y= 6.147
x,y= 44.015
exy= 48.8
ex = -19.58
x,N= 6.44
y,N= -15.32
,x= 2.58
exx= -48.92
y,x= -43.92
,y= -6.147
x,y= -44.015
exy= -48.8
49
3
3.1 (. 19) eoy,i eox,i.
:
.1 (. 74) . Lrx,i Lry,i
Po. :
50
4:
: .
4.1.2.2
.
3 3.5.3.
4.1.2.3
.
3 3.1.1 [5].
4.1.2.4
2 .
:
[1] .
.
[4] <0.20 <0.30.
2
( ).
:
[5] [3] [4]
.
4.2
( )
.
4.1.4
() ,
.
[5] :
51
,
q 1.5
q/2, 1.0 q 2.6.
.
8
() .
[4.1.4.1]
[4.1.5]
[4.1.6], .
.
50% ,
q.
q=1.0.
.
(). q (
)
:
( ).
.5.2 [2]
( )
.
.
52
.
,
,
.
,
(1:1.5=67%),
1.5 .
.
q<<1.0. . ,
.
4.1.4.2
.
, ,
, , .
.
0.60 .
50% ( 0.40)
.
80% .
53
, ,
.
.
( ) (
) .
,
.
3.3.3 [7] .
.
3.
( )
.
1/3 .
.
4.9.
4.1.7.
.
[4]
.
.
,
.4.1.4.2. ( 4 )
54
, (.. Pilotis
).
, ,
.
.
:
;
;
;
;
;
.
.
,
.
4.1.7.. [1]
25 .
.
4.1.7.. [4]
. .
55
4.1.7. [5]
.
4.1.7.2 [2]
.
.
4.1.7.2 [3]
,
, .
4.1.7.2 [4]
.
4.1.7.2 [5]
4.1.7.2 [4] .
56
5
-
: .
5.1
1) 2 (
, , .)
( ).
2)
, 2, 3 4
--- .
25%
2.
3) ( )
.
4)
.
5.2
1) SFd ( M, V, N)
:
S Fd = S V + CD S E
57
2)
CD ( V/ME):
CD = 1.20
MR MV
q
ME ME
.
.
3) (5.2.3)
.
( ,
)
( )
.
58
(5.2.3.2)
:
1.
Fd
N Fd R Nd
RNd .
RNd
() ( ).
.
, ,
.
(
)
.
:
=0.60
=0.40 IV
eB
!
)
( , )
) -
) (q>1, CD<q)
) (. 5.1.5)
59
2.
Vsd
Vsd R sd + R pd
Rsd -
Rpd (
40% ).
1.10
1.0.
Rsd
R sd = N Fd tan d
R sd = A su 0.4 N Fd
A
su
Fd
3.
, (
Winkler) .
60
5.2.3.3
:
1. ( )
N Pd R Nd
d (
)
Rd
(
).
.
( 40mm ).
2.
VTd R Td
Vd
( )
Rd
VTd.
3.
(.
5.2.3.3.)
61
5.2.4.2
)
( ..)
25/40 314 / 10/20
n 3
n4
)
.
) ( )
Fd.
Fd = N m
=0.36
=0.60
(max )
( , )
( ) 25/40 314 (S400) /.
62
63
5.3
( 10m)
( 30m),
.
/
- :
1. ,
Mononobe-Okabe,
(
).
2.
aV=0.30 ( 0.20).
3.
(2/3) (/2) .
4.
h=0.40
( 0.40)
64
( K AE K A ) ,
Mononobe-Okabe
( ah, v) .
(k>40m/day)
.
.
65
5.4 -
1) ()
:
h = = 0.50 ( )
v = 0.50 = 0.25
+
2
2) (<15.0m)
:
=0.50
=.()
( ())
()=2.5, :
?? :
h = =
h =
+
2
+
2
v = 0.25
66
h=0.875
3) , IV
/ .
.
.
>50.
<50 ?
(?) >50
8 11.
67
1) ( )
, ( ?)
.
2) 6
1 2 (
4000m3)
.
:
q = =
R Fd
= ( 2 i ) E
A
(B 2e B ) (L 2e L )
eB eL L
i
V, :
1 .4
i = 1
N
( ?) .
68