Professional Documents
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:
2005-6-11
:
PC : Software Hardware
:
PC
SW
Storage
HW
Output Unit
Processing
CU
Input Unit
ALU
Register
: SW Logical
. HW
: HW :
1 : Input Unit
PC ... .
2 : Output Unit
PC ... .
3 Central Processing Unit : CPU
. .
CPU . Data Bus : Address Buss CPU :
Register Data Bus CU
. Address Bus
Register .
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
4 : Storage Unit
:
- 1 . Main Memory
- 2 . Secondary Memory
: Secondary Memory
Files CPU User
: FDD
HDD ... CDD .
Memory Cell .
. CPU
Main Memory PC :
Cache 3
ROM 2
RAM 1
: : RAM Random Access Memory .
CPU CPU CPU CPU
:
Disk
Main
Memory
Display
Keyboard
Central
Processing
Unit
Printer
.
CPU CPU
.
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
:
: DRAM - 1 Capacitor
Dynamic .
: SRAM - 2 TRANSISTOR
Logic Gates Flip Flop
Static .
: SDRAM - 3 DRAM SRAM .
: : SIMM 1 Single Inline Memory Module
Bit By Bit 30 ) Pin 77 ( MHz 66
. 1
:
.
.
RDRAM Mother Board 400 800
.
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
Bit = 0 Or 1
Byte = 8 Bit
KB = 1024 Byte Kilo Byte
MB = 1024 KB Mega Byte
GB = 1024 MB Giga Byte
TB = 1024 GB
Tera Byte
..
1024 1000 Binary System 2 1000
10 10 2 10 . 1024
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
:
- :
16
32
64
128
8 . 128
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 :
1
1
2
0
4
1
8
1
16
1
32
0
64
0
128
1
1 :
128+16+8+4+1 157 : 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 . 157
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 :
:
1
0
2
1
4
0
8
1
16
0
32
0
64
1
128
1
1 :
128+64+8+2 202 : 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 202
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 :
:
1
1
2
1
4
1
8
0
16
0
32
0
64
1
128
1
1 :
128+64+4+2+1 199 : 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 . 199
Dec Bin : .
) (
128 64 .... 32
1
32 16
X
64
128
...
:
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
144 !! :
!! 144 !! 128 . 1 128 :
16
32
128
64
1
128 144 . 16
!! 16 !! 64
0 64 :
1
0
2
0
4
0
8
0
16
1
32
0
128
1
64
0
:
200 !! :
!! 200 !! 128 . 1 128 :
16
32
128
64
1
128 200 . 72
!! 72 !! 64
1 64 :
1
0
2
0
4
0
8
1
16
0
32
0
128
1
64
1
:
255 !! :
!! 255 !! 128 . 1 128 :
16
32
128
64
1
8
1
16
1
32
1
64
1
128
1
4 2 1
1 1 1
255 ) ( .
Bin Hex : .
A 10 B 11 ... F 15 .
:
4 .
:
01101011 3 0110 1011 : ..
11 . B
6 .
. 6B .....
OMS
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CCNA
Hex Bin : .
3 3
11 0011 .
:
D7 :
7 7 ) 0111
( D 13 . 1101 . 11010111
:
AB :
B 11 1011
A 10 . 1010 . 10101011
Hex Dec : .
.
:
F6 .
11110110 : :
1
0
2
1
4
1
8
0
16
1
32
1
64
1
128
1
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 2 : . 246 :
:
DD .
11011101 : :
1
1
2
0
4
1
8
1
16
1
32
0
64
1
128
1
128 + 64 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 1 : . 221 :
:
FF .
1111111 : :
1
1
2
1
4
1
8
1
16
1
32
1
64
1
128
1
. 255
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
Dec Hex : .
.
:
213 .
:
1
1
2
0
4
1
8
0
16
1
32
0
64
1
128
1
0101 1101
5 D
D5 : .
:
59 .
:
1
1
2
1
4
0
8
1
16
1
32
1
64
0
128
0
1011 0011
B 3
3B : .
:
255 .
:
1
1
2
1
4
1
8
1
16
1
32
1
64
1
128
1
1111 1111
F F
FF : .
. FF
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
13-06-2005
: Network
SWITCH OR HUBE
Router PC PCs
.
PC SW HW .
: Hardware
:
1 : PC !! .
2 Interface : Modem . NIC
2.1 : Modem
. Modulation And Demodulation
Dial-Up Connection digital signals
analog signals .
) . DA Modulation -- ( Modulation
) . AD Demodulation -- ( Demodulation
:
ISP
PSTN
: ISP ) WANADOO ( .
: PSTN ) ( .
OMS
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CCNA
2.2 : NIC
Network Interface Card .
. LAN
ROM MAC Address
Media Access Control Address Unique
48 48
:
24
24
Specific Number
48 ) ( 48/4 12 ) ( .
:
NT/Me/200/Xp Start Run Cmd Command Prompt Ipconfig /all Physical Address
Hex . Binary
98/95 Start Run Command Command Prompt Ipconfig /all Physical Address
Hex . Binary
IEEE ISO
) OUI (
.
A NIC
A
.
: Media 3
: Cables Fiber : Wireless
3.1 : Cables
:
Twisted . Coaxial
3.1.1 : Twisted
UTP STP
.
100 m . :
.
RJ-45
) : (
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
:
:
Ground - 0 .
:
+
:
0.7 V
:
: Ground
0.7 V
Function
.
:
... 0110
Cancellation
. Noise
. ) ( ..... .
Ground
.
OMS
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CCNA
3.1.2 : Coaxial
) ( Thick ) . ( Thin
: Thin coaxial 0.5 185 . : Thick coaxial 0.7 500 . :
T Connector
.
.
3.2 : Fiber
..
:
. 1-2 . Noise . .
:
:
. :
: Single Mode . 3 KM : Multi Mode . 2 KM 3.3 : Wireless
) ( .. .
4 : Repeater
) ( Media
.
. Repeater
PC
Repeater
PC
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
:
. Amplifier . Resend .
LAN
) ( 5 4 3 .
.
5 : HUB
Hub ...
!!!
. Hub
. :
. 1 To Many .
HUB
Hub Hub
PC Hub Hub
. PC's
:
. Amplifier Resend . Propagation : Hub . ... ...
:
PC's
.
: 1
2
:
.
.
) ( .
Bandwidth
) CPU ( .
:
OMS
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CCNA
: Transmission 1 : Simplex
.
2 : Half Duplex
.
OR
.
: " "
Express .
3 : Full Duplex
.
.
Repeater Hub 2 . Half Duplex 6 : Switch
HUB
.
Hub
Hub :
) ( Mac Request
PC
Buffer Port .
Port
MAC
:
1
MAC A
4 1
4 ) : ( A
MAC B
MAC C
9
11
.
MAC Request PC ) . ( B
OMS
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CCNA
Port ) ( C .
:
: Amplifier . Full Duplex . 2 . 3 ...
Port . 100 mbps 10 . HUB 7 : Bridge
HUB ... Switch
:
Ethernet Token Ring
MAC Address ARP
Address Resolution Protocol
ARP
.
:
HUB :
HUB
HUB
1 4
HUB
1000 !!! ) (
HUB :
HUB
HUB
!!!
!!!! ) ...
( Disconnection ) (
.
. .
. Symmetric . Asymmetric : Broadcast ) ( .
. HUB* 1 7 . LAN .
OMS
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CCNA
8 : Router
WAN LAN .
. PC .
ARP
.. ARP
IP PC
.
*** Configuration
.
: :
1 : LAN
Local Area Network 100 m
.
2 : MAN
Metropolitan Area Network M
Medium LAN .
3 : WAN
Wide Area Network ) ( .
4 : SAN
Storage Area Network
PC
.
5 : WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network
.
: Network Topology :
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
1 : BUS Strategy
Logical : Physical
: Physical
T-Connector . Terminator
: Logical Media
:
::
:
.
:
Media
:
.
:
2 : Ring Strategy
OMS
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CCNA
BUS Terminator
.
...
BUS
.
-
.
3 : Star Strategy
Hub Switch Router
.
.
. Physical
: Logical :
: CSMA - 1
Carrier Sense Multiple Access
Carrier Sense :
) (
!!
Randomly .
Multiple Access :
.
: CD/CA 2
CD Collision Detection
) . (
CA Collision Avoidance .
4 : Hieratical Star Strategy
Star .
5 : Hybrid Strategy
Bus Star .
6 : Mesh Strategy
. ...
.
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
:
15-06-2005
:
OSI Open System Interconnection
.
7 Layer :
7 . Application Layer
6 . Presentation
5 . Session
4 . Transport
3 . Network
2 . Data Link
1 . Physical
. All People Seen To Need Data Processing : PC Source PC Destination 7 ) . 1 (
PC Destination PC Source 1 ) . 7 (
:
7 : Application Layer
User
) ( Test.txt . Notepad
6 : Presentation
Format *.txt
Windows Media Player *.avi Notepad
Compression Encryption .
5 : Session
Information .
4 : Transport
Segment
Error Recovery
.
) ( Bandwidth ...
.
Session
Synchronous Asynchronous
OMS
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CCNA
3 : Network
Segment IP
.
Segment
Source IP Des. IP
L 3 Header .
Segment S. IP D. IP
. Packet
2 : Data Link
Packet
MAC Address .
Packet FCS
FCS CRC Segment Source IP Des. IP S. Mac
Des. Mac
. CRC :
Frame L 2 Header .
!!! MAC Address
: 3 IP
... MAC
Hub .. MAC
!!! IP MAC
: IP ...
.
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check Algorithm For Error Detection Session
Source PC Data
Data Destination PC
Data .
Data .
%100 . Data
: 01011011
101 Session
. 01011001 :
. CRC :
::: .
CRC .
01011001
101
/
01011011
101
/
10001
10010
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
) Router ( IP
3 Network
2 Data link
1 Physical
IP
.
: Switch HUB NIC . MAC Address
: DNS
DNS Domain Name Service
Application IP
. IP
DNS
DNS IP
!!!...
www.Yahoo.com
IP
... IP
!! .
Media IP .
: ARP
Address Resolution Protocol MAC
. IP .
: TCP / IP
:
OMS
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CCNA
. TCP / IP
:
: Transport Layer
Transport TCP : . UDP
: TCP Transport Control Protocol
Data . End User
OMS
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CCNA
Segment 1
Segment 1
Acknowledge 2
X
Segment 2
Acknowledge Segment 2
Segment 2
Acknowledge 2
Segment 2
2 : Real able
) (
.
3 . Connection Oriented
Connection
.
: UDP :
: 2 Way Hand Check 1
. :
TCP
.
Segment 1
Segment 2
2 : Unreal able
) (
.
. Connection Less 3
Connection .
TCP FTP File Transport Protocol
UDP TFTP
) Download ( .
FTP
Segment
Windowing / Sliding
Segment
:
Segment
Segment
.
OMS
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Segment 1
Segment 2
Acknowledge 3
Segment 3
Segment 4
Segment 5
CCNA
Windowing / Sliding
. Performance .
Source Destination
1 Error Correction 1
) ( .
!! .
!!! ) ( .
: Windowing / Sliding
Segment 7
X
Segment 4
Segment 1
Segment 5
Segment 2
Segment 8
Segment 9
Segment 6
Acknowledge 8
Acknowledge 5
Acknowledge 3
Segment 8
Segment 5
Segment 3
Acknowledge 9
Acknowledge 7
Acknowledge 4
Segment 9
Segment 7
Segment 4
Acknowledge 10
Segment 8
Segment 5
Segment 10
Segment 3
: 1
3 Segment
Segment 4 Error Correction
.
: 2
3 Segment
Segment 5 Error Correction
5 7
6 )
( .
: 3
3 Segment
Segment 9
) ( .
...
. PC
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
:
19-06-2005
: LAN Installation
LAN 5 4 3
:
5 : Segment Maximum
4 : LAN Device Maximum
3 : Used Segment
: 5 .
: 4 .
: 3 .
: 5
)
( PC
... Switch :
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
:
PC
Switch
Switch
Switch
Switch
Switch
PC
6 5
5 Technical
.
:
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
...
: 4
) (
PC :
OMS
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CCNA
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
5 4 .
: 3
) PC (
. PC
:
PC
PC
Switch
PC
Switch
PC
Switch
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
4 . 3
: 5 4 3
:
6
. 5
:
5
. 4
:
4
. 3
Switch
PC
PC
Switch
Switch
PC
PC
Switch
Switch
PC
PC
. :
:
4
3
2
Switch
Switch
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
* .
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
:
PC 8 Pin
NIC Switch : HUB
SW/HUB
1 TX
2 TX
3 RX
4
5
6 RX
7
8
Data
Signal
PC
1 RX
2 RX
3 TX
4
5
6 TX
7
8
PC 8 . :
: TX . Transport
: RX . Receive
.
:
UTP
:
1 : String Through
:
PC SW
PC HUB
Router SW
Router HUB
2 : Cross-Over
:
PC PC
HUB HUB
SW SW
SW HUB
SW HUB
.
.
OMS
SW/HUB
1 TX
2 TX
3 RX
4
5
6 RX
7
8
PC
1 RX
2 RX
3 TX
4
5
6 TX
7
8
PC
1 RX
2 RX
3 TX
4
5
6 TX
7
8
PC
1 RX
2 RX
3 TX
4
5
6 TX
7
8
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
3 : Roll-Over
PC Router
Configuration
. Console
Router
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
DB male 9
) ( COM
. UTP
PC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
: UTP
EIA / TIA 568A EIA / TIA 568B EIA TIA
.
:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
:
22-06-2005
IP :
IP 32 Bit 4 Octets
:
__________8Bit_____ _____8Bit_____ _____8Bit_____ _____8Bit
Oct
Oct
Oct
Oct
HP
.
NET HOST
652842
245256
652421
552458
254415
852546
079
077
079
078
077
078
: IP
NP . HP
1000
15 !! :
0 127 Class A
128 191 Class B
192 223 Class C
) ( 224 256 . Class D , Class E
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
:
: -
- 10 . 62 . 11 . 30 Class A
- 190 . 40 . 40 . 1 Class B
- 199 . 24 . 44 . 57 Class C
: HP NP - 19 . 70 . 11 . 9 Class A : -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----19
.
70
.
11
.
9
- 188 . 60 . 68 . 7 Class B : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----188
.
60
.
68
.
7
- 200 . 3 . 12 . 8 Class C : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----200
.
3
.
12
.
8
:( NP ) -
- 20 . 42 . 4 . 75 ?? 20 . 42 . 4 . 20
- 20 . 42 . 4 . 75 Class A
,
20 . 42 . 4 . 20 Class A
Class A : -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----20 . X . X . X ? = 20 . X . X . X Yes
- 30 . 42 . 4 . 75 ?? 20 . 42 . 4 . 20
- 30 . 42 . 4 . 75 Class A
,
20 . 42 . 4 . 20 Class A
Class A : -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----30 . X . X . X ? = 20 . X . X . X No
- 130 . 20 . 6 . 17 ?? 130 . 20 . 8 . 17
- 130 . 20 . 6 . 17 Class B
,
130 . 20 . 8 . 17 Class B
Class B : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----130 . 20 . X . X ? = 130 . 20 . X . X Yes
- 130 . 22 . 6 . 17 ?? 130 . 20 . 8 . 17
- 130 . 22 . 6 . 17 Class B
,
130 . 20 . 8 . 17 Class B
Class B : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----130 . 22 . X . X ? = 130 . 20 . X . X No
- 201 . 49 . 18 . 60 ?? 201 . 49 . 18 . 17
- 201 . 49 . 18 . 60 Class C
,
201 . 49 . 18 . 17 Class C
Class C : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----201 . 49 . 18 . X ? = 201 . 49 . 18 . X Yes
- 201 . 49 . 19 . 60 ?? 201 . 49 . 18 . 17
- 201 . 49 . 19 . 60 Class C
,
201 . 49 . 18 . 17 Class C
Class C : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----201 . 49 . 19 . X ? = 201 . 49 . 18 . X No
Omssd84@hotmail.com
OMS
CCNA
:
. :
) ( . LAN . WAN :
Switch
Hub
Hub
PC
PC
PC
Hub
Hub
Switch
PC
Switch
PC
PC
Bridge
Switch
PC
Hub
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
Switch
PC
PC
: ) + LAN ( WAN
:
. WAN . . 2 WAN Networks Connection
LAN ... . 5 LAN Networks Connection
... 7 = 5 + 2 : ...
:
. .
- .
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
: IP Address
1 octets NP ) . 0 . 152 . 24 . 1 ( 0
* IP 254 = 256 2
Network ID 0 broadcast . 255
OMS
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CCNA
: ( Classes ) IP
IP Class IP :
0 127 Class A
128 191 Class B
192 223 Class C
.. Binary System
: . :
: Subnet Mask
. .
. ) IP ( Class
1 ) Network Part ( NP 0 ) . Host Part ( HP :
Class A : 255 , 0 , 0 , 0
Class B : 255 , 255 , 0 , 0
Class C : 255 , 255 , 255 , 0
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
IP :
IP PC : Static . Dynamic
: Static
IP IP
) . ( .
: Dynamic
: DHCP 1
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol .
) ( IP Server PC
. :
PC IP Administrator :
IP .. !!!
IP . .. Power
Boot Operation System : OS
IP !! NIC
!! IP
DHCP Discover
Server Server IP
DHCP Offer )
( IP Subnet Mask
DHCP Request Server .
. DHCP Acknowledge
Shutdown
Server : IP Subnet Mask
. . DHCP Release
PC Server DHCP :
: DHCP Discover 1 IP Subnet Mask
PC Server
.
: DHCP Offer 2 IP Subnet Mask
Server PC
.
: DHCP Request 3 IP Subnet Mask
IP Subnet Mask PC
.
: DHCP Acknowledge - 4 IP Subnet Mask
IP Subnet Mask PC Server
.
: DHCP Release - 5 IP Subnet Mask
IP Subnet Mask PC Server
.
* :
:
: Release Time 1
IP Address Subnet Mask Server
.
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
: Lease Time 2
PC .
. 24 .
* :
Dynamic Static 1000 PC
ARP Table 1000 Static
Dynamic ARP .
: Boot P , IARP , RARP 2
DHCP IP Subnet Mask
. MAC
: IARP Inverse Address Resolution Protocol Mac
. IP RARP . Reverse ARP
Broadcast : Collision
Broadcast Collision :
: Collision . HUB
:
Switch
Hub
Hub
PC
Switch
PC
PC
Hub
PC
PC
PC
Repeate
Switch
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
Bridge
PC
Hub Bus
. Switch .
. : Collision
Switch
Hub
Hub
PC
Switch
PC
OMS
PC
PC
PC
PC
Repeate
Switch
PC
Hub
PC
Switch
PC
Omssd84@hotmail.com
PC
Bridge
PC
CCNA
14 . Collision
: Broadcast . . Broadcast Domain :
Switch
Hub
Hub
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
Hub
PC
PC
Repeate
Switch
PC
Switch
PC
PC
PC
Bridge
PC
4 . Broadcast
:
4 Broadcast Domain
14 Collision Domain
ARP Address
. .
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
:
25-06-2005
IP :
32 Bit Ver. 4 4 Octet .
IP IP :
8 IP
14 IP
20 IP
10 IP
IP :
30 = 20 + 10 :
22 = 14 + 8 :
2 :
-
. 1 WAN 4 LAN 5
IP . 54 = 30 + 22 + 2
!!! 254 !! IP
IP : 254
244 = 10 254
234 = 20 254
240 = 14 254
246 = 8 254
252 = 2 - 254
1270 ::
54 ::
= 1216 = 1270 54 = 252 + 246 + 240 + 234 + 244
. IP
. 32
Ver. 6
8 Octet 4
) 2 128 ( .
Not Compatible
.
32 Bit ..
Win 2000/98/95 :
Win XP/2003 : .
.
OMS
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CCNA
:
. DHCL . NAT . VLSM . CIDR . IP Un-numbered. Sub netting -
IP : DHCL
IP Server
IP .
IP : NAT
NAT Network Address Translation
:
5555
!! :
20 23
20
20
21
22
23
5555
5555 .
PSTN
:
Local Inside
IP
!!!
PC
Internet
Switch
PC
PC
PC
PC
PC
IP : IP Un-Numbered
Router IP IP
IP
WAN
WAN
2 IP 252
10 IP
20 IP
14 IP
IP .
8 IP
: IP
IP Configuration
Testing & Troubleshooting .
IP Configuration .
IP VLSM : CIDR
.
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
IP : Sub Netting
Sub Net 4 Octet
Bits . Host Part IP
. .
:
3 Network = 2 LAN + 1 WAN :
IP 52 = 2 + 30 + 20 :
IP 710 = 52 3 * ( 256 - 2 ) :
20 IP
30 IP
IP 30 .
: 2 30
x
!! 2 - 2 = 30 2 Network ID ) Broadcast ID
( . 52 . 5
6
: !! !! 2 2 = 55 6 2
!! 64
.
5 HP IP
192.168.10.X X Binary :
192.168.10. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 .
:
192.168.10. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
3
3 . 8 = 2
:
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
OMS
192.168.10. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10 . 0
192.168.10. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.32
192.168.10. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.64
192.168.10. 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.96
192.168.10. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.128
192.168.10. 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.160
192.168.10. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.192
192.168.10. 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.224
Omssd84@hotmail.com
CCNA
Range
10.1 10.30
10.33 10.62
10.65 10.94
10.97 10.126
10.129 10.158
10.161 10.190
10.193 10.222
10.225 10.254
Broadcast ID
192 . 168 . 10 . 31 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 63 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 95 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 127 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 159 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 191 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 223 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 255 / 27
Subnet ID
192 . 168 . 10 . 0 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 32 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 64 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 96 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 128 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 160 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 192 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 224 / 27
Subnet Number
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
: IP !!
: Subnet Standard 255.255.255.0
.. 255.255.255.224 . Class-ness
IP .
Sub netting :
. . - . Host Part
8 IP
50 IP
60 IP
:
- 1 3 : .
2 . 60
x
3 HP !! 60 = 2 2 . 6
200.4.40. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
200.4.40. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
200.4.40. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
200.4.40. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
:
S0
S1
S2
S3
200.4.40. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200.4.40 . 0
200.4.40. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 200.4.40.64
200.4.40. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200.4.40.128
200.4.40. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 200.4.40.192
Subnet ID Broadcast :
Range
40.1 40.62
40.65 40.126
40.129 40.190
40.193 40.254
Broadcast ID
200 . 4 . 40 . 63 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 127 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 191 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 255 / 26
Subnet ID
200 . 4 . 40 . 0 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 64 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 128 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 192 / 26
Subnet Number
S0
S1
S2
S3
... .
OMS
Omssd84@hotmail.com