Weak Acids, Weak Bases

And Buffers

Ionization/Dissociation of water
H2O + H2O H2O
[H+] [OH-] K= [H2O]

H3O+ + OHH+ + OHK=1.8 x 10-16 M

[H+] [OH-] = 55.5 M x (1.8 x 10-16 M) [H+] [OH-] = 1 x 10-14 M2 (Kw) [OH-] = [H+] = 1 x 10-7 M +] = log 1 pH= -log10 [H H+ Log [H+] + log [OH-] = log 10-14

pH + pOH = 14

Dissotiation of Weak Acids

CH3COOH
(HA)

CH3COO- + H+
(A-)

[H+] [A-] Ka = [HA]

[H+]

[HA] = Ka [A-] [HA] [A-] Conjugated base

Acid

-log

[H+]

= -log Ka - log

[A-] pH = pKa + log [HA]

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

Calculating the pH of Weak Acid Solutions CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+

Ka = 1.74 x 10-5

Ka = 1.74 x 10-5 =

[CH3COO-] [H+] [CH3COOH]

1-X

[CH3COO-] [H+] = (1.74 x 10-5) [CH3COOH]

X X

X2 = 1.74 x 10-5 [1-CH3COO-} X= 1.74 x 10-5 x 1

pH = - logX = 2.38

d! NH3 HCl H3PO4 H2SO4 CH3COOH M= 0.91 1.184 1.7 1.84 1.049

%! 25 85 85 98 99.9

MW 15 35.5 98 98 60

d x percentage x 1000

Molecular weight

After Calculation: V1 N1 = V2 N2 or V1 C1 = V2 C2 can be used to prepare desired solution.

The Mechanism of Buffer Action

Ksmen dissosiye olmalar nedeniyle zayf asitler ve onlarn konjuge baz formlar proton verici ve proton alc olarak davranrlar:

CH3COOH NaOH

CH3COO- + H+ Na+ + OHH2O

CH3COOH

CH3COO- + H+

HCl

Cl- + H*

By the same mechanism, weak bases can act as buffers.

pH

0.5 Ekivalent baz

1.0

pH of Body Fluids
Fluid Blood Milk Urine (normal) Gastric juice Pancreatic secretions Intestinal secretions Erebrospinal fluid Saliva Tears pH 7.4 6.6 6.9 6.0 0.88 8.0 7.7 7.4 7.2 7.4

Some weak acids or bases

acid H-COOH Conjugated base HCOO- + H+ pK 3.75

CH3-COOH
CH3CHCOOH OH H3PO4
2.34 3.8

CH3COO- +
CH3CHCOO- + H+ OH H++H2PO46.86

4.76
3.86 H+ PO43-

H++HPO4=

12.4

H2CO3

H+ + HCO3-

10.2

CO32- + H+
9.89 9.25

C6H5OH N H4
+

C6 H 5 O + H + NH3 + H+

Major Buffers
Acid form
Cacodylic acid BISTRIS PIPES midazole

pKa
6.2 6.5 6.8 7.0

HEPES
Tris

7.6
8.3

Physiological Buffer Systems

1. Hemoglobin

2. Proteins
3. Phosphate buffer system

Non-bicarbonate buffers

4. Carbonic acid / Bicarbonate system

Carbonic acid-Bicarbonate Buffer system

H2CO3 HCO3H+ + HCO3H+ + CO32CA

pK1 = 3.8 pK2 = 10.2

CO2 + H2O

H2CO3
[HCO3-] [H+] H2CO3 = 6.1

H+ + HCO3-

pK(apperent) =

7.4 = 6.1 + log

[HCO3-]

[H2CO3]

HCO3- / H2CO3 ratio is 20/1

Phosphate Buffer System

H2PO4pK = 6.8

H+ + HPO42-

HPO427.4 = 6.8 + log H2PO4HPO42- / H2PO4 = 4/1

* Major intracellular inorganic buffer. *H2PO4 excretion in urine is important for the regulation of blood pH.

Plasma
CO2 CO2
H 2O

Red blood cells

CO2 + H2O
CA

H2CO3

H2CO3 HCO3Cl-

HCO3- + H+ ClHbO2

HPO4=

H+ + HCO3HHb O2 O2
release

H2PO4-

O2

Carbamino Hb

Plasma
CO2 CO2
H 2O

Red blood cells

CO2 + H2O
CA

H2CO3

H2CO3 HCO3ClH+ + HCO3-

HCO3- + H+ ClHbO2

HPO4=

H2PO4-

HHb O2 O2
diffusion

O2

Carbamino Hb