www.hanhchinh.com.vn Bi tp Kinh t v m 1.

a, Tng gi in chi ph sn xut tng Ngn hn: AS (dch chuyn sang tri AS1AS2) sn lng (Y1Y2), gi tng (P1 P2) vic lm (tht nghip tng) Di hn: cc ngnh s dng nhiu in s chuyn sang dng nhng cng ngh t tn in hn hoc dng nng lng khc thay th cho in AS tng tr li (AS 2AS1) sn lng tng (Y2Y1), gi gim (P2P1), mc vic lm tr v trng thi ban u. P P2 P1 Y2 Y1 AS2 AS1 AD Y

b, c ma thu nhp ca nng dn tng Ngn hn: AD (dich chuyn sang phi AD1AD2) P, Y tht nghip gim Di hn: nu Y2 < sn lng tim nng, nn kinh t cn bng ti E nu Y2 > sn lng tim nng, tht nghip nh hn tht nghip t nhin gi thu nhn cng cao AS v n mc sn lng tim nng, gi tng so vi ngn hn, tht nghip tng so vi ngn hn P P2 P1 E AS2 AS1 AD2 AD1 Y1 Y2 Y

c, M ng xuyn vit (u t tng) AD , tng t tnh hung b, d, Cc doanh nghip tng u t (I) Ngn hn: I AD. Cn bng ti E2, Y, P, tht nghip gim Di hn: u t tng AS, dch chuyn sang phi. im cn bng mi E3 (P3 <P2, Y3 > Y2, vic lm > vic lm ti E2). Y, P, tht nghip gim.
P P2 P1 AS AS E2 1 E1 E3
2

P3 A AD 2 D1 YYY Y
1 2 3

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www.hanhchinh.com.vn e, a ging mi vo sn xut i tr Ngn hn: AS, AD khng i Y, P, tht nghip gim Di hn: nu tip tc m rng sn xut ging ny quy lut nng sut bin gim dn pht huy tc dng AS Y, P, tht nghip
AS P AS
3 1

AS
2

A D1 Y

f, nh hng ca bnh SARS Ngn hn: AD do cc giao dch, nhu cu du lch P, Y, tht nghip tng Di hn: dch SARS qua i, AD P, Y, vic lm P P1 P2 E AS2 AS1 AD1 AD2 Y2 Y1 g, i dch cm gia cm Ngn hn: AD do cc giao dch, nhu cu du lch AS do cung v thc phm c nun gc gia cm Y, P thay i, vic lm (hnh a) Di hn: Sau dch cm, AD (AD3), AS (AS3). im cn bng mi E3. Y, P thay i, vic lm
AS2 E2 E3 AS3 E1 AD1 AD3 AD
2

AS1

Y2

Y1

h, Tng lng thu nhp danh ngha AD (AD1 AD2) Ngn hn: P, Y (Y1Y2), tht nghip Di hn: P thu nhp thc t (= thu nhp/gi c) AD (AD2 AD3)

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www.hanhchinh.com.vn P
P2 P3 P1

AS1

AD3 AD2 AD1

Y1 Y3 Y2 2.

a v d tnh vo GDP v khon ny thuc C - tiu dng cui cng b tnh vo khon xut khu trong GDP c khng tnh vo GDP v y l tiu dng trung gian 3. GDP = GNP = 880 (nn kinh t ng), Te = 10% GDP, Dp = 100 Y = GNP Dp Te = 880 880.0,1 100 = 692 Khu hao Dp v Thu gin thu Te khng c tnh vo thu nhp quc dn v Dp dng b p chi ph c nh, Te l khon np cho nh nc, ngi c thu nhp khng s dng c khon ny. 4. Tnh GDP theo p thu nhp: GDP = De + W + R + i + Pr + Ti Tnh GDP theo pp chi tiu: GDP = C + I + G + X IM Lng cng chc (W), tnh vo GDP v y thuc khon tin lng khi tnh GDP theo pp thu nhp

Tr cp hu v tr cp l lt (Tr), khng tnh vo GDP v y l nhng khon chuyn nhng trung gian

Li tin gi ngn hng (i), tnh vo GDP v y l khon tin li khi tnh GDP theo pp thu nhp.

Cc thu bao in thoi (C), tnh vo GDP v y l khon tiu dng dch v cui cng khi tnh GDP theo pp chi tiu

5.

Nu T khng ph thuc vo thu nhp, T = T , G ngn sch cn bng

Nu T ph thuc vo thu nhp, T = t.Y, G 500 Y theo m hnh s nhn T ngn sch khng t c cn bng 6. C = 0,75YD, I = 150, G = 150, T = 200 a, * T = 0, AD = C + I + G + NX (gi nh NX = 0) Gi nh tng cu = mc sn lng = thu nhp (Y = AD) Y = AD1 = 0,75YD + 150 + 150

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www.hanhchinh.com.vn Gi nh Y = YD 0.25Y = 300 Y = AD1 = 1200 * T = 200, AD = C + I + G YD = Y - T Y = AD2 = 0,75(Y T) + I + G = 0,75Y 150 + 150 + 150 0.25Y = 150 Y = AD2 = 600
AD 1200 600 I+G=300 600 1200 Y 450 AD 1 AD2

b, T = 300, G = 250 Y = C + I + G = 0,75(Y T) + I + G = 0,75Y 225 + 150 + 250 0,25Y = 225 Y = AD = 700 7. C = 0,75YD, I = 100, G = 100, T = 100 + 0,2Y, EX = 100, IM = 0,1Y

a, * Khi cha c ngoi thng AD = C + I + G Gi nh, thu nhp = chi tiu Y = AD = 0,75 [Y - (100 + 0,2Y)] + 100 + 100 Y = AD = 0,6Y + 125 Y1 = AD1 = 312,5 * Khi c ngoi thng AD = C + I + G + EX IM Y = AD = 0,75 [Y - (100 + 0,2Y)] + 100 + 100 + 100 0,1Y Y = AD = 0,5Y + 225 Y1 = AD2 = 450 b, B=TG cha c ngoi thng, B = T G = 100 + 0,2Y -100 = 0,2Y = 62.5, ngn sch thng d c ngoi thng, B = T G = 100 + 0,2Y 100 = 0,2Y = 90, ngn sch thng d

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www.hanhchinh.com.vn

AD 312,5
125
a

450

AD1=0,6Y+125

AD 450

450

AD1=0,5Y+225

T=100+0,2Y
G=100

T=100+0,2Y
b G=100

225

312,5 Y a: thng d ngn sch, 62,5

450 Y b: thng d ngn sch, 90

8. S nhn tin mM = (1+s)/(ra + s) mM: s nhn tin ra: t l d tr thc t s: ty le gia tien mat so vi tien gi Mc cung tin MS (=M1) = mM.H a, Ngn hng trung ng bn tri phiu chnh ph HMS, MD khng i i b, Dn chng thch dng tin mt trong thanh tonmMMS, MD khng i i c, S ngi dng th tn dng tng t l tin mt so vi tin gi mM MS, MD khng i i d, Cc ngn hng thng mi tng d tr (ra) mM MS, MD khng i i e, Ngn hng trung ng tng mc tn dng trn mc li sut tng cao hn mc li sut cn bng ca th trng nhu cu vay vn gim, cu tin gim d cung tn dng f, Ngn hng trung ng tng li sut chit khu cc ngn hng thng mi tng t l d tr thc t trnh kh nng phi vay vn ca ngn hng trung ng khi gp ri ro (ra) mM MS 9. s1=0,2 v ra = 0,1 mM1 = (1+ s)/(ra + s) = (1+0,2)/(0,1+0,2) = 4 a, H = 200 Lng tin c kh nng thanh ton M1 = H. mM = 200.4 = 800 (t USD) b, s2 = 0,1 mM2 = (1+ s) / (ra + s) = mM1 = 4 (1 + 0,1) / (ra + 0,1) = 4 ra = 0.175 10. IS: LM: i = 10 1/4 Y i = - 5 + 1/6 Y (1) (2) (1)

a, Li sut cn bng i tha mn th trng hng ha v th trng tin t cn bng

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www.hanhchinh.com.vn 10 1/4 Y = - 5 + 1/6 Y Y = 36 (t ng) (thay vo 1) i = 1 (%) i 1 i2 36 Y2

LM1 LM2

IS Y

b, Ngn hng trung ng tng MS LM dch chuyn xung di, IS khng i i, Y 11. Chnh sch ti kha m rng + chnh sch tin t m rng Ban u, im cn bng E1(Y1, i1) Ti kha m rng (G, T) IS dch chuyn sang phi (IS1IS2) Tin t m rng (MS) LM dch chuyn xung di (LM1LM2) im cn bng mi E2 (Y2, i1) i i1
E1 E2

LM1 LM2 IS1 Y1 Y2 IS2 Y

12. chnh sch tin t m rng + chnh sch ti kha thu hp ban u E1(i1, Y) chnh sch tin t m rng LM dch chuyn xung di (LM1LM2) chnh sch ti kha thu hp IS dch chuyn sang tri (IS1IS2) im cn bng mi E2(i2, Y) i i1 i2 Y 13. G Y (theo h s nhn) MD (v MD=MD(Y)), MS khng i i I Y Gii php: tng cung tin
E1

LM1 LM2 IS1 IS2 Y

E2

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www.hanhchinh.com.vn i i1
E1 E2

LM1 LM2 IS1 Y1 Y2 IS2 Y

14. Nu ri vo bi tp dng nh bi 14 , th trc khi vo lm bi cn ni c cc sau: - Gi E l t gi hi oi ng ni t so vi ng ngoi t. V d E = VND/USD = 15000 VND/USD. - Gi i l li sut trong nc, i* l li sut th gii. - Nn kinh t nh, m ca, vn vn ng t do, t gi hi oi th ni l mt nn kinh t trong lung vn i vo v i ra khi quc gia hu nh khng chu s kim sot no. ng thi, vi 1 nn kinh t nh th s thay i li sut ca nc hu nh khng nh hng n li sut ca th gii. T gi hi oi th ni th nh nc hu nh khng can thip vo th trng ngoi hi, khi cung cu ngoi t v t gi ph thuc vo th trng. a, Khi cc nc ln trn th gii tuyn bi gim li sut, s lm cho li sut th gii gim (i*) dn n i trong nc > li sut th gii (i*) vn nc ngoi chy vo trong nc cung ngoi t trong nc tng ln lm cho t gi hi oi E X, IM IS dch chuyn sang tri, cn cn thng mi thm ht, Y gim. Ti E2 li sut trong nc (i) < li sut th gii (i*), c mt lung vn li ra bn ngoi lm cho E IS dch chuyn sang phi ri li sang tri Nn kinh t khng t trng thi cn bng ti E1. th:
i i*=i1 i2 E1 LM B IS1 IS2 Y2 Y1 Y

E2

b, Khi Chnh ph p dng hn ngch nhp khu tiu dng C AD IS dch chuyn sang tri To ra im cn bng mi E2, Y, i, B < 0. Khi li sut trong nc gim (i) v i < i* c mt lung t bn chy ra nc ngoi, lm cho cu v ngoi t tng ln E IS dch chuyn sang phi v v tr ban u IS1. Y, i v vic lm khng i. Page 7 of 11

www.hanhchinh.com.vn

i E2

E1

LM1 B IS2 IS1 Y

c, Dn chng dng th tn dng thay cho tin mt t l tin mt so vi tin gi gim xung s nhn tin t tng l (mM) Cung tin tng ln (MS) (Do MS = mMH) LM dch chuyn xung (LM1LM2) Y, i, B < 0. Do i < i*, khi li c mt lung ngoi t chy ra nc ngoi lm cho E X, IM AD IS dch chuyn sang phi im cn bng E3, Y, vic lm, i khng i. th:
LM1 E1 E2 E3 IS1 LM2 B IS2 Y

d, Ngn hng trung ng bn tri phiu chnh ph lm cho lng tin c s H gim i cung tin (MS) LM dch chuyn ln trn im cn bng mi E2, Y, i, B > 0. Khi li sut trong nc (i) > li sut th gii (i*) c mt lung vn chy vo trong nc, lm cho cung ngoi t tng ln E IS dch chuyn sang tri im cn bng E3. Kt qu Y, i khng i, vic lm.
i E3 E2 E1 IS2 LM2 LM1 B IS1 Y

e, Gi s ban u im cn bng ti E1, nu Chnh ph p dng cc bin php khuyn khch u t lm cho AD IS dch chuyn sang phi im cn bng mi E2, Y, i, B > 0.

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www.hanhchinh.com.vn Khi li sut trong nc (i) > li sut th gii (i*) c mt lung vn chy vo trong nc, lm cho cung ngoi t tng ln E X, IM AD gim IS dch chuyn sang tri im cn bng E3. Kt qu Y, i khng i, vic lm.

i E1

E2

LM1 B IS1 IS2 Y

f, Dn chng thch tin mt hn mM MS LM dch chuyn ln trn. Ti E2, Y, i, B > 0 E IS dch chuyn sang tri im cn bng E3, Y, vic lm v i khng i (Trnh by ngc li so vi cu c)
i E3 E2 LM2 LM1 B IS1 IS1 Y

E1

g, Ban u cn bng E1. Chnh ph tng s ngy ngh cui tun AD IS dch chuyn sang phi im cn bng mi E2, Y, i, B > 0. B > 0 E IS dch chuyn sang tri v v tr ban u (Trnh by ging cu e)
i E1 B IS1 IS2 Y E2 LM1

15. Trnh by bi 15 ging nh bi 14: - Gi E l t gi hi oi ng ni t so vi ng ngoi t. V d E = VND/USD = 15000 VND/USD. - Gi i l li sut trong nc, i* l li sut th gii. - Nn kinh t nh, m ca, vn vn ng t do, t gi hi oi c nh l mt nn kinh t trong lung vn i vo v i ra khi quc gia hu nh khng chu s kim sot no. ng thi, vi 1 nn kinh t nh th s thay i li sut ca nc hu nh khng nh hng n li sut ca th gii.

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www.hanhchinh.com.vn Vi t gi hi oi c nh th nh nc s can thip vo th trng ngoi hi khi c s mt cn bng m bo t gi mt mc nht nh theo qun l ca nh nc. a, Khi cc nc ln tuyn b gim li sut lm cho li sut th gii gim xung (i*) i trong nc > li sut th gii (i*) vn nc ngoi chy vo trong nc cung ngoi t E X, IM IS dch chuyn sang tri, im cn bng mi E2, Y, i, B > 0. gi cho t gi hi oi E khng i, ngn hng trung ng mua ngoi t MS LM dch chuyn xung di. im cn bng E3, Y tng, i khng i, vic lm.
i i1 i2 E1 E2 E3 Y2 Y1 IS1 IS2 Y LM1 LM2 B

Cc cu cn li trnh by tng t nh cu a. b, Hn ngch hng tiu dng AD IS dch chuyn sang tri im cn bng mi E2, Y, i, B < 0. B < 0 E. E khng i, ngn hng trung ng bn ngoi t MS LM dch chuyn ln trn. Cn bng mi E3, Y, vic lm, i khng i.
i LM2 E3 E2 E1 LM1 B IS2 IS1 Y

c, Dn chng dng th tn dng thay cho tin mt t l tin mt so vi tin gi mM MS LM dch chuyn xung (LM1LM2) Y, i, B < 0 E ngn hng trung ng bn ngoi t gi E khng i MS LM dch chuyn ln trn (LM2LM1) im cn bng E1, Y, vic lm, i khng i.
i E2 LM1 E1 LM2 IS2 B IS1 Y

d, Ngn hng trung ng bn tri phiu chnh ph cung tin (MS) LM dch chuyn ln trn im cn bng mi E2, Y, i, B > 0. B > 0 E ngn hng

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www.hanhchinh.com.vn trung ng mua ngoi t LM dch chuyn xung im cn bng E1. Kt qu Y, i v vic lm khng i.
i E2 E1 IS2 LM2 LM1 B IS1 Y

e, Ban u cn bng E1. Khuyn khch u t AD IS dch chuyn sang phi im cn bng mi E2, Y, i, B > 0. B > 0 E ngn hng trung ng mua ngoi t gi E khng i MS LM dch chuyn xung di (LM1LM2) im cn bng mi E3, Y, vic lm, i khng i.
i E1 E2 LM1 LM2 B IS1 IS2 Y

E3

f, Dn chng thch tin mt hn MS LM dch chuyn ln trn (LM1LM2). Ti E2, Y, i, B > 0 E ngn hng trung ng mua ngoi t gi E khng i MS LM dch chuyn xung di (LM2LM1) im cn bng E1, Y, vic lm v i khng i.
i E2 LM2 LM1 B IS1 IS1 Y

E1

g, Ban u cn bng E1. Chnh ph tng s ngy ngh cui tun AD IS dch chuyn sang phi im cn bng mi E2, Y, i, B > 0. B > 0 E ngn hng trung ng mua ngoi t gi E khng i MS LM dch chuyn xung di (LM1LM2) im cn bng mi E3, Y, vic lm, i khng i.
i E1 E2 LM1 LM2 B IS1 IS2 Y

E3

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