PHAN 3

TO CHC THI CONG

ILAP TIEN O THI CONG 1- Muc ch Nham ap ng va am bao cho qua trnh thi cong cong trnh theo ung thi gian qui nh. Viec lap tien o thi cong la nham tao ra mot ke hoach tan dung toi a nhan lc, vat lieu va may moc . Nham am bao cho thi cong cong trnh hoan thanh ung tien o trong thi gian ngan nhat. 2- Noi dung. Noi dung cua cong viec lap tien o la nham on nh trnh t cac cong viec, quan he giang buoc cac cong viec am bao thi cong theo ung trnh t ky thuat, s dung nhan lc mot cach ieu hoa. Xac nh c nhu cau ve vat lieu, nhan lc, may moc thiet b can thiet cho viec thi cong nhat nh. Noi dung c ban: - Phan tch cong trnh thanh cac phan oan cac yeu to thi cong cau kien, on nh trnh t thc hien cac qua trnh thi cong can thiet. - La chon bien phap thi cong cac cong tac chnh, ong thi la chon may moc cho qua trnh phuc vu thi cong. - Da tren ch tieu nh mc ve xay dng c ban va khoi lng cong tac tnh ra c chi ph nhan cong can thietcho tng cong viec - An nh thi han va trnh t thi cong cac cong viec 3- ieu chnh tien o - Ngi ta dung bieu o nhan lc, vat lieu, cau kien e lam c s cho viec ieu chnh tien o. - Neu cac bieu o co nh cao hoac trung sau that thng th phai ieu chnh lai tien o bang cach thay oi thi gian thc hien mot vai cong viec nao o e so lng cong nhan hoac vat lieu thay oi cho hp ly hn - Neu cac bieu o nhan lc, vat lieu, va cau kien khong ieu hoa c cung mot luc th ieu chu yeu la phai am bao so lng cong nhan khong c thay oi hoac neu co thay oi mot cach ieu hoa. Tom lai, ieu chnh tien o thi cong la an nh lai thi gian hoan thanh tng cong viec sao cho: - Cong trnh c hoan thanh trong thi gian qui nh - So lng cong nhan chuyen nghiep va may moc thiet b khong oc thay oi nhieu, cung nh viec cung cap vat lieu, ban thanh pham c tien hanh mot cach ieu hoa. Viec tnh toan va thc hien lap tien o da tren phan mem :Microsoft Project 2002

BANG TNH TOAN KHOI LNG CONG VIEC

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

TEN CONG VIEC

N V

KHOI LNG

NH MC

YEU CAU

Cong tac chuan b PHAN NGAM Ep coc ao at bang may ao at bang tay ap au coc o betong lot mong GCLD CT- mong +giang GCLD van khuon mong + giang o betong mong + giang (90m3/h) Thao d van khuon mong + giang Lap at bang may Cong tac khac TANG 1 GCLD cot thep cot, vach cng GCLD van khuon cot, vach cng o betong cot, vach cng Thao d van khuon cot, vach cng GCLD van khuon dam san , cau thang GCLD cot thep dam san, cau thang Bm betong dam san, cau thang Thao d van khuon dam san, cau thang Xay tng chen Lap ca Trat tran, trat trong Lat nen (Gach Ceramic 300x300) Cong tac khac TANG 2-7 GCLD cot thep cot, vach cng GCLD van khuon cot, vach cng o betong cot, vach cng Thao d van khuon cot, vach cng GCLD van khuon dam san , cau thang GCLD cot thep dam san, cau thang Bm betong dam san, cau thang Thao d van khuon dam san, cau thang Lap ca T m2 m3 m2 m2 T m3 m2 m2 3.12 220.63 21.009 220.63 1245.43 8.44 119.96 1245.43 31.2 10.02 c/T 0.319 c/m2 4.5 c/m3 0.03 c/m2 0.252 c/m2 14.63 c/T 30 c/m2 0.03 c/m2 0.25 c/m2 31 70 95 7 314 123 30 37 8 T m2 m3 m2 m2 T m3 m2 m3 m2 m2 m2 cong 3.65 353.6 43.11 353.6 1245.43 8.44 119.96 1245.43 115.308 31.2 2467 719.12 3 10.02 c/T 0.319 c/m2 4.5 c/m3 0.03 c/m2 0.252 c/m2 14.63 c/m2 30 c/ca 0.03 c/m2 1.92 c/m3 0.25 c/m2 0.264 c/m2 0.4 c/m2 37 113 194 11 314 123 30 37 221 8 651 288 m m3 m3 m3 m3 tan m2 m3 m2 m3 5250 440 75.6 9 16.02 12.3 643.4 169.4 643.4 154 0.0305 ca/m 450 m3/ca 1.51 c/m3 5.1 c/m3 1.65 c/m3 8.34 c/T 0.247 c/m2 15 c/ca 0.03 c/m2 450 m3/ca 160 1 ca 114 46 26 103 159 45 19 1 ca

39 40 41 42 43 44 45 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68

Xay tng chen Trat tran, trat trong Lat nen (Gach Ceramic 300x300) Cong tac khac TANG 8 GCLD cot thep cot, vach cng GCLD van khuon cot, vach cng o betong cot, vach cng Thao d van khuon cot, vach cng GCLD van khuon dam san , cau thang GCLD cot thep dam san, cau thang Bm betong dam san, cau thang Thao d van khuon dam san, cau thang Lap ca Xay tng chen Trat tran, trat trong Lat nen (Gach Ceramic 300x300) TANG MAI Xay tng vt mai GCLD cot thep cot Thao d van khuon cot GCLD van khuon dam san, thang may GCLD cot thep dam san, thang may Bm betong dam san, thang may Thao d van khuon dam san, thang may Lat gach la nem 2 lp (20x20) HOAN THIEN Trat ngoai toan bo Lap ien nc Sn tng tran toan bo Sn cua 3 nc Ve sinh ban giao

m3 m2 m2 cong T m2 m3 m2 m2 T m3 m2 m2 m3 m2 m2 m3 T m2 m2 T m3 m2 m2 m2 m2 m2 cong

120.31 2867.71 719.12 3 2.15 115.88 11.004 115.88 625.43 3.65 65.42 625.43 19.2 93.26 947.03 323.2 12.45 0.81 25.6 96.54 0.54 6.58 96.54 719.2 3975.8 25073 832.8

1.92 c/m3 0.264 c/m2 0.4 c/m2

231 757 288

10.02 0.319 4.5 0.03

c/T c/m2 c/m3 c/m2

22 37 50 3 158 53 30 19 5 179 250 129 24 8 1 24 8 30 3 129 783 1705 200

0.252 c/m2 14.63 c/T 30 c/m2 0.03 c/m2 0.25 c/m2 1.92 c/m3 0.264 c/m2 0.4 c/m2 1.92 c/m3 10.02 c/T 0.03 c/m2 0.252 c/m2 14.63 c/T 30 c/ca 0.03 c/m2 0.18 c/m2 0.197 c/m2 0.068 c/m2 0.24 c/m2

4- anh gia bieu o nhan lc Sau khi lap tien o thi cong bang phan mem Microsoft Project 2002 Ta tnh c cac he so cua bieu o nh sau:

S = 24488 (h); Sd = 3061(h), T = 309 (ngay), Amax = 113 (ngi)

S 24488 = = 79,25 (ngi) 309 T A 113 = 1,426 K 1 = max = 79,25 Atb S 3061 = 0,125 K 2 = du = S 24488 Atb =

Bieu o nhan lc nh vay la tng oi hp ly. Do qua trnh thi cong can ay nhanh tien o, rut ngan thi gian thi cong. Nen ta co the ieu cong nhan t cong trnh khac ve, hoac thue nhan cong t ben ngoai cong ty, IITONG MAT BANG THI CONG. 1. C s tnh toan. Tong mat bang thi cong can the hien mat bang tong quat mat bang khu vc xay dng cong trnh. Ngoai mat bang cong trnh chnh con phai the hien v tr cac cong trnh phu, tram, bai cha vat lieu, kho tang, may moc va tuyen i lai cua xe, may moc phuc vu thi cong. Tong mat bang thi cong bao gom 3 khu vc chnh: Khu vc xay lap cong trnh. Khu vc hanh chnh Khu vc sinh hoat Cac cong trnh tam phai at c cac yeu cau sau: Dien tch phai nho hn dien tch cong trnh chnh Han che chi ph en mc nho nhat ve au t ng xa va cac cong trnh tam phuc vu thi cong. Kho bai nho nhng phai am bao sc cha e phuc vu theo tien o thi cong. Can c vao mot so yeu cau tren va va thc te mat bang thi cong khu vc xay dng ta tien hanh lap tong mat bang thi cong cong trnh da tren cac cs tnh toan nh sau: Tnh toan ien nc phuc vu thi cong Tnh toan kho bai chnh: Kho thep, ximang Bai cha vat lieu nh : Gach, cat, a Cac vat lieu phai c d tr tng oi chnh xac ve khoi lng e phuc vu thi cong cho mot thi gian nhat nh. Khu vc hanh chnh bo tr cho: Ban ch huy cong trnh, co phong y te, phong trc, va phong bao ve. 2. Tnh toan. Tnh toan da theo giao trnh To chc thi cong NXB Xay dng 2000. Va so lieu a c tnh toan tong ket trong bieu o nhan lc.

a. Xac nh so lng can bo cong nhan vien tren cong trng. Dien tch xay dng nha tam phu thuoc:

Dan so cong trng phu thuoc vao quy mo cong trng , vao thi gian xay dng va a iem xay dng . e co the tnh toan ta chia so ngi lao ong tren cong trng thanh nam nhom sau : Nhom A : so cong nhan trc tiep lam viec tren cong trng . A = Ntb = 79 ngi (so cong nhan trung bnh theo bieu o nhan lc ). Nhom B : so cong nhan lam viec cac xng phu tr . B = k%A = 25%79 = 20 (ngi) Nhom C : so can bo,nhan vien ky thuat . C = (4% 8%)(A + B) = 6%(79 + 20) = 6 (ngi) Nhom D : so nhan vien hanh chnh . D = (5% 6%)(A + B + C) = 5%(79 +20 + 6) = 5 (ngi) Nhom E : so nhan vien phuc vu cong cong (nha an ,y ta, mau dch) E = S%(A + B + C + D) = 7%(79 + 20 + 6 + 5) = 7 (ngi) Theo thong ke cong trng , t le om au hang nam la 2% , so ngi ngh phep nam la 4% . So ngi lam viec cong trng c tnh la : G = 1.06(A + B + C + D + E) = 1.06(79 + 20 + 6 + 5 + 7) = 124 (ngi) Do cong trnh c xay dng tai trong thanh pho nen dan so cong trng la : N = G = 124 (ngi). Biet c dan so cong trng , da vao tieu chuan ve dien tch va dien tch sinh hoat se tnh c dien tch tng loai nha tam can xay dng b. Kho cha ximang. Do cong trnh s dung betong thng pham do do lng ximang dung cho o betong la khi xay tng va trong giai oan hoan thien do o lng ximang d tr khong can nhieu. Tuy nhien day ta chon kho co dien tch F = 4x5 m2 c. Dien tch kho va xng gia cong thep Lng thep tren cong trng d tr e gia cong va lap at cho 1 tang bao gom: cot dam, san, cau thang, vach cng: Vay lng thep ln nhat dung cho mot thi gian thi cong la :12,3 (T) nh mc Dmax = 1,5T/m2 Dien tch kho bai can thiet la : F =
12,30 = 8,2m 2 1,5

e thuan tien cho viec sap xep va can c vao chieu dai thanh thep ta chon kho thep co dien tch F = 4x15 m = 60m2 d. Kho cha coffa. Lng coffa d tr e lap at cho mot tang gom :dam, san, cau thang, vach cng la : S = 1599,03m2 = 1599,03x0,065x0.3x1,5=46,77m3 Dien tch kho can thiet la : F = chon kho co dien tch F = 4x12 m e. Dien tch bai gach, a, cat.
46,77 = 46,77 m 2 1

Do tren cong trng dien tch bai at trong rong do o ta bo tr bai cat, gach lo thien ngoai khu at ngan may van thang e cho tien thi cong . 3. Tnh toan dien tch lan trai. e phuc vu thi cong ta phai bo tr lan trai, nha tam e s dung cho ban ch huy cong trnh. Nha ngh tam cho cong nhan ngh tra, ngh toi. Bao gom - Nha lam viec ban ch huy cong trng : 4x6 = 24 m2 - Nha bao ve : 3x3m2. - Nha ngh cua cong nhan : So ca nhieu cong nhan nhat la 113 ngi. Tieu chuan dien tch cho cong nhan la 2 2m /ngi. Can bao am cho 40% so nhan cong nhieu nhat. Dien tch nha cua cong nhan la : F = 0,4x113x2 = 90,4 m2 Vay dng mot lan trai co kch thc 4 x 25 m - Phong y te : 3x4 m - Nha e xe bo tr : 5x6 m - Khu ve sinh : 2 khu nam n rieng mot khu co F = 2x8 m = 16 m2 - ng giao thong khu vc. Tong mat bang thicong c thiet ke tren c s a xac nh c dien tch kho bai, tuyen ng tam, tnh chat va ieu kien thi cong cong trnh, 4. Nhu cau ve ien va cong suat tieu thu ien tren cong trng : ien dung tren cong trng xay dng c chia ra lam 3 loai : - ien phuc vu trc tiep cho san xuat ( may han ) chiem khoang 20 30% , tong cong suat tieu thu ien cong trng . - ien chay may ( ien ong lc ) chiem khoang 60 70% : ien dung cho can truc thap , may bm - ien dung cho sinh hoat va chieu sang hien trng va khu nha , chiem t 10 20% . a. Nhu cau ien chay may va san xuat cong trng : STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ni tieu thu May han Can truc thap May tron va 400lt May thang tai May am dui May am chan ong Tong cong So lng 3 1 2 2 2 2 Cong suat 1 may (KW) 20 26 4.5 2.2 1,0 1.1 Tong cong suat (KW) P1 = 60.0 26.0 9,0 4.4 2,0 2,2 P2 = 43,6

b. Nhu cau ien thap sang hien trng va ien phuc vu cho khu nha : STT Ni tieu thu Cong suat Dien tch Tong cong

cho mot n v (W/m2) A 1 2 3 4 5 B 1 2 3 Trong nha - Tru s ban ch huy - Nha tam , nha ve sinh - Nha ngh cong nhan - Kho kn - Xng san xuat Ngoai tri - Cac ng chnh (Km) - Cac ng phu (Km) - Cac bai vat lieu (m2) 15 3 15 3 18 500 2500 0.5

hay chieu dai thap sang 24 16 120 20 72 0.165 0.284 577.7

suat (W)

P 3 = 3,6KW 360 48 1800 60 1296.00 P 4 = 1.1KW 82,5 710.00 288.85

c. Tnh cong suat ien can thiet cho cong trng : Cong suat ien tieu thu trc tiep cho san xuat (cac may han) :
P1t = P2t = K 1 P1 0.75 x60 = = 66,17( KW ) cos 0.68 K 2 P2 0.7 x 43,6 = = 49,54( KW ) cos 0.65

Cong suat ien phuc vu cho cac may chay ong c ien :

Cong suat ien phuc vu cho sinh hoat va chieu sang khu vc hien trng :
P3t = K 3 P3 = 0.8 x3,6 + 1x1.1 = 3,98( KW )

Tong cong suat ien can thiet cho cong trng :

P t = 1.1x(66,17 + 49,54 + 3,98) = 131.66( KW )

d. Chon may bien ap phan phoi ien : Cong suat phan khang ma nguon ien phai cung cap xac nh theo cong thc :
Qt = Pt cos tb

Trong o he so costb c tnh theo cong thc : Pi t x cos = 66,17 x0.68 + 49,54 x0.65 = 0.667 cos tb = t

66,17 + 49,54

=>

Qt =

Cong suat bieu kien tnh toan :

131.66 = 197,4 (KW) 0.667

S t = ( P t ) 2 + (Qt ) 2 = 131,66 2 + 197,4 2 = 237

(KVA)

Chon may bien ap ba pha lam nguoi bang dau do Viet Nam san xuat (loai BT : 100 - 6.6/0.4) co cong suat nh mc la 250KVA . 5. Nhu cau ve nc tren cong trng :

Nc dung cho cac nhu cau tren cong trng bao gom : - Nc phuc vu cho san xuat . - Nc phuc vu sinh hoat hien trng . - Nc phuc vu sinh hoat khu nha . - Nc cu hoa . a. Nc phuc vu cho san xuat (Q1) : Bao gom nc phuc vu cho cac qua trnh thi cong hien trng nh : tron va be tong hoac va xay , trat , bao dng be tong , ti am gach va nc cung cap cho cac xng san xuat va phu tr, cac xng gia cong Lu lng nc phuc vu san xuat tnh theo cong thc :
Q1 = 1.2

A
i =1

Trong o : - n : la so lng cac iem dung nc . - Ai : lng nc tieu chuan cho mot iem san xuat dung nc (lt/ngay) . - kg : he so s dung nc khong ieu hoa trong gi (kg = 2 2.5) . Lay kg = 2.5 - 1.2 : la he so ke en lng nc can dung cha tnh het hoac se phat sinh cong trng . - 8 : so gi lam viec trong mot ngay cong trng . - 3600 : quy oi t gi sang giay. Ta co bang tieu chuan dung nc cho san xuat nh sau : iem dung nc - Tram tron va - Bai ra cat , a - Ti am gach - Nc ti bao dng be tong - Nc cho cac ong c no Ai Vay ta co :
Q1 = 1.2 4638 2.5 = 0.48 (lt/s) 8 3600

8 3600

k g (l/s)

n v m3 m3 1000vien m3 Ma lc gi

Tieu chuan bnh quan Ai (lt/ngay) 4001.56 = 624 10001.64 = 1640 200(5670/1000) = 1134 1000 308 = 240 4638

b. Nc phuc vu sinh hoat hien trng (Q2) : Gom nc phuc vu cho tam ra va an uong . c tnh theo cong thc :
Q2 = N max B kg 8 3600

(l/s)

Trong o : - Nmax : so ngi ln nhat lam viec trong mot ngay cong trng . Nmax = 135ngi .

B : tieu chuan dung nc sinh hoat cho mot ngi trong mot ngay cong trng (B = 15 20 l/ngay) . Lay B = 20 (l/ngay) . - kg : he so s dung nc khong ieu hoa trong gi (kg = 1.8 2) . Lay kg = 2.0 Vay ta co : Q2 =

c . Nc phuc vu sinh hoat hien trng (Q2) : Lu lng nc dung cho khu lan trai
Q3 =

135 x 20 x 2 = 0.1875 (l/s) 8 x3600

Trong o : N1 So cong nhan khu lan trai : (khoang 40%) 54 ngi B1 25l/ngi lng nc tieu chuan cho mot ngi khu lan trai kg.kng = 2 x1,3 = 2,6 he so s dung nc khong ieu hoa trong gi va trong ngay .
Q3 = 54 x 25 2,6 = 0,12(l / s) 8 3600

N 1 B1 k g .k ng 8 3600

d. Nc cu hoa (Q4) : Tuy thuoc vao quy mo cong trnh xay dng , khoi tch cua nha va o kho chay (bac chu la) ma ta tra bang tieu chuan nc cha chay ta co : Q4 = 10 (l/s) d. Tong lu lng nc can thiet (Q): Ta co : Q = (0,48 + 0,185 + 0,12) + 10 = 10,3925(l / s) Nguon nc cung cap cho cong trnh c lay t mang cap nc vnh cu cua thanh pho .D kien ng ong vnh cu va tam thi eu dung ong thep co cung ng knh . Ap suat trong mang la 2.5atm . Ta co cong thc tnh ng knh ong nh sau : D=
4 xQ 4 x10.39 = =0,105 . .1000 3.14 x1.2 x1000

1 2

( gia thiet v = 1.2m/s oi vi ong co D > 100mm). Chon ng knh ong la D = 150mm.

Chng 4
I. KY THUAT AN TOAN LAO ONG KHI THI CONG AO AT :

AN TOAN LAO ONG

Trc moi kp ao phai kiem tra xem co ni nao ao ham ech , hoac co vanh at cheo leo , hoac co nhng vet nt mai doc ho ao ; phai kiem tra lai mai at va cac he thong chong tng at khoi sut l , sau o mi cho cong nhan vao lam viec . Khi tri nang khong e cong nhan ngoi ngh ngi hoac tranh nang chan mai doc hoac gan tng at . Khi ao nhng ranh sau , ngoai viec chong tng at khoi sut l , can lu y khong cho cong nhan chat nhng thung at , sot at ay qua mieng thung, phong khi keo thung len , nhng hon at a co the ri xuong au cong nhan lam viec di ho ao . Nen danh mot cho rieng e keo cac thung at len xuong , khoi va cham vao ngi . Phai thng xuyen kiem tra cac ay thung , day cap treo buoc thung . Khi ngh phai lam hang rao vay quanh ho ang ao . ao nhng gieng hoac nhng ho sau co khi gap kh oc ( CO ) lam cong nhan b ngat hoac kho th , khi nay can phai cho ngng cong viec ngay va a gap cong nhan en ni thoang kh . Sau khi a co bien phap ngan chan s phat sinh cua kh oc o , va cong nhan vao lam viec lai cho cu th phai c ngi theo doi thng xuyen , va ben canh o phai e d phong chat chong kh oc . Cac ong vat lieu chat cha tren b ho ao phai cach mep ho t nhat la 0.5m . Phai anh bac thang cho ngi len xuong ho ao , hoac at thang go co tay vn . Neu ho hep th dung thang treo . Ben canh may ao ang lam viec khong c phep lam nhng cong viec g khac gan nhng khoang ao, khong cho ngi qua lai trong pham vi quay can cua may ao va vung gia may ao va xe tai . Khi co cong nhan en gan may ao e chuan b don ng cho may di chuyen , th phai quay can may ao sang pha ben , roi ha xuong at . Khong c phep cho may ao di chuyen trong khi gau con cha at . Cong nhan lam cong tac sa sang mai doc ho ao sau tren 3m , hoac khi mai doc am t th phai dung day lng bao hiem , buoc vao mot coc vng chai.
II. KY THUAT AN TOAN LAO ONG KHI THI CONG BE TONG COT THEP :

Khi thi cong at cop pha , cot thep , uc be tong phai thng xuyen xem dan giao , cau cong tac co chac chan va on nh khong . Neu thay chung bap benh , long leo , lung lay th phai sa cha lai can than roi mi cho cong nhan len lam viec . Tren thc te dan giao cao phai lam hang rao tay vn e cong nhan khoi te . Khi lap nhng cop pha treo ( ngha la khong co dan giao ) th ngi th phai eo day lng an toan . Nhng may gia cong cot thep ( anh sach , nan thang , cat uon ) phai at trong xng cot thep hoac at trong mot khu vc co rao dau rieng biet va phai do chnh cong nhan chuyen nghiep s dung . Viec keo thang cot thep phai lam ni co rao dau cach xa cong nhan ng va ng qua lai toi thieu la 3m . Trc khi keo phai kiem tra day cap keo va iem noi day keo vao cac au cot thep . Khong c cat cot thep bang may cat thanh nhng oan nho ngan hn 30 cm , v chung co the vang ra rat nguy hiem . Ngi th cao g cot thep bang ban chai sat phai eo knh bao ve mat .

Khi at cot thep vao dam ngi th khong c ng tren hop cop pha o , ma phai ng t mot san ben e at cot thep vao cop pha . Ni at cot thep neu co ng day ien chay qua th phai co bien phap phong nga s va cham cot thep vao day ien . Khi cau truc cop pha va cot thep len cao can kiem tra cac cho buoc co chac chan khong . Khong cho ngi ngoai lai vang en cho ang at cot thep , cop pha , trc khi chung c lien ket vng chac . Tha cot thep xuong ho mong bang mang , khong c vt t tren cao xuong . Ch c phep i qua tren cot thep san theo ng van go , rong khoang 0.3 0.4m , at tren cac nieng . Cam khong c d tr cot thep qua nhieu tren san cong tac . Ngi th han cot thep phai eo mat na co knh en e hai mat va tranh tia la han ban vao mat , than ngi phai mac loai quan ao ac biet va tay phai eo gang . Khi can phai han ngoai tri , can phai che chan cho cac thiet b han . Khi tri noi ma giong th phai nh ch cong viec han . Khi han trong cac ng ong ngam hoac trong cac be cha kn phai bao am viec quat gio thong kh va co u anh sang . Khi han tren cac dan giao cao phai co bien phap bao ve nhng ngi ben di khoi nhng tia la han ri xuong . Khi o be tong bang can truc ch c phep m nap thung va khi thung con cach mat ket cau khong qua 1m . am be tong bang may chan ong de b ien giat , vay can phai tiep a vo may chan ong , ngi th phai eo gang tay va i ung cao su cach ien. Day ien phai treo cao e khoi vng .
III- CONG TAC XAY VA HOAN THIEN

1. Xy tng: - Kim tra tnh trng ca gin gio gi phc v cho cng tc xy, kim tra li vic sp xp b tr vt liu v v tr cng nhn ng lm vic trn sn cng tc. - Khi xy n cao cch nn hoc sn nh 1,5 m th phi bc gin gio, gi . - Chuyn vt liu (gch, va) ln sn cng tc cao trn 2m phi dng cc thit b vn chuyn. Bn nng gch phi c thanh chc chn, m bo khng ri khi nng, cm chuyn gch bng cch tung gch ln cao qu 2m. - Khi lm sn cng tc bn trong nh xy th bn ngoi phi t ro ngn hoc bin cm cch chn tng 1,5m nu cao xy < 7,0m hoc cch 2,0m nu cao xy > 7,0m. Phi che chn nhng l tng tng 2 tr ln nu ngi c th lt qua c. - Khng c php: + ng b tng xy. + i li trn b tng. + ng trn mi ht xy. + Ta thang vo tng mi xy ln xung. + dng c hoc vt liu ln b tng ang xy. - Khi xy nu gp ma gi (cp 6 tr ln) phi che y chng khi xy cn thn khi b xi l hoc sp , ng thi mi ngi phi n ni n np an ton. - Khi xy xong tng bin v ma ma bo phi che chn ngay. 2. Cng tc hon thin:

S dng dn gio, sn cng tc lm cng tc hon thin phi theo s hng dn ca cn b k thut. Khng c php dng thang lm cng tc hon thin trn cao. Cn b thi cng phi m bo vic ngt in hon thin khi chun b trt, sn, ... ln trn b mt ca h thng in. Trt: - Trt trong, ngoi cng trnh cn s dng gin gio theo quy nh ca quy phm, m bo n nh, vng chc. - Cm dng cht c hi lm va trt mu. - a va ln sn tng trn cao hn 5m phi dng thit b vn chuyn ln cao hp l. - Thng, x cng nh cc thit b cha ng va phi nhng v tr chc chn trnh ri, trt. Khi xong vic phi c ra sch s v thu gn vo 1 ch. Qut vi, sn: - Gin gio phc v phi m bo yu cu ca quy phm ch c dng thang ta qut vi, sn trn 1 din tch nh cao cch mt nn nh (sn) <5m - Khi sn trong nh hoc dng cc loi sn c cha cht c hi phi trang b cho cng nhn mt n phng c, trc khi bt u lm vic khong 1h phi m tt c cc ca v cc thit b thng gi ca phng . - Khi sn, cng nhn khng c lm vic qu 2 gi. - Cm ngi vo trong bung qut sn, vi, c pha cht c hi cha kh v cha c thng gi tt. Trn y l nhng yu cu ca quy phm an ton trong xy dng. Khi thi cng cc cng trnh cn tun th nghim ngt nhng quy nh trn.