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Pump
Pump
4.1
3
(pump) (Compressor)
(surrounding)
(system)
.. 1840 (Reciprocating)
4.2
4.2.1
. (Centrifugal)
Roto-dynamic
. (Rotary)
. (Reciprocating)
. (Special)
4.2.2
.
(Non-Positive Displacement)
87
.
Rotary Reciprocal
(Centrifugal)
(Rotary)
Volute
Diffuser
Regenerative-turbine
Vertical-turbine
Mixed-flow
Axial-flow (propeller)
Gear
Vane
Lobe
Screw
etc.
(Reciprocating)
Direct-acting
Diaphragm
Rotary-piston
etc.
(Special)
Jet
Gas lift
Hydraulic ram
etc.
4.1
Single-stage
Multistage
Simplex
Duplex
Triplex
Quadruplex
etc.
88
4.3 (Reciprocating)
Simplex single action
4.2
Simplex
double acting 4.2 4.3 discharge curve
89
Simplex
, Duplex , Triplex , Quaduplex
4.3
4.4 (Rotary Pump)
80 85 %
(Gear pump), (Vane pump), (Lobe
pump) (Screw pump)
4.4.1 Gear Pump Rotary pump
4.4
90
4.5
4.6
91
4.8
, Tong of the casing
92
(Discharge opening)
4.9
()
4.10
4.5.3 (Turbine Type) Vertex, periphery
Regenerative Turbine
93
2 50
4.5.4 Vertical Turbine
Volute type
Centrifugal
Deep Well type
Deep Well Turbine radial
flow Mixed flow
Stage Vertical Turbine, Three Stage Deep
Well Turbine
94
50 7 1
100,000 1,160
4.6
(Shroud)
4.6.1 (Open Impeller)
95
4.13
96
4.7
3
v 2
p
+ z g + 2 VdP + F
2g
p1
gc
c
W'f
(3.14)
W'f w
(4.2)
W'f Q
Q 3/ break hourse
power (Bhp)
Bhp
Whp
(kW)
kW
0 . 746
(4.3)
= x
4.8 (System Head Curve)
System Head Curve Total
Discharge head
97
+ z g +
2g
gc
c
p2
p1
VdP + F
(3.14)
W'f
2 gv , pp2 VdP , z gg
1
c
c
()
( P
) z Friction Head
boiler
Potential head
pressure head
Graph Pump Characteristic y total dynamic head x
total discharge
head 3.14 head ft-lbf/lb head y
ft total
2
head
ft;
ft lb f
lb
ft lb
2
s lb
f
gc
g
s 2
ft
English
engineering
gc
g
graph
SI head
gc
g
Nm
kg
N m kg m s 2
m
kg
s 2N m
4.1
It is necessary to pump a
constant flow of a liquid with density
98
and viscosity similar to water into a reactor at a rate of 90 gal/min. The pump must operate
agains a pressure of 200 psi, as determined by an energy balance on the flow system. A
pump with the characteristics shown in Figure 4.13.is avaible, with a variable-speed drive.
At what speed should the pump be operated? What horsepower would be required to
maintain flow?
4.14
400 600
200-400 400-600 interpolation 520 rpm
21 200 psi
4.9
4.15 H-Q
4.9.1 H-Q , H-Q head capacity curve
99
4.2
A pump with the characteristics given in Figure 4.16 is to deliver 350 gal/min at a
head of 80 ft. What size impeller should be used? What power will be required?
100
4.16 1750
350 gal/min, head 80ft
9 10 9 175 gal/min
80 ft 10
10 interpolation 11
4.9.2 (Specific Speed)
() 1 gal/min
1
Ns
n Q
H0 .75
=
Ns
speed, rpm
(4. 4)
specific
Q =
pump
capacity, gal/min at speed n and
total head z
Ns SI
Ns
101
1750
1252 . 5
300
( 70 ) 0 .75
4.18
102
(Elasticity)
4.11 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
103
NPSH
NPSH
(Cavitation)
NSPH 2 NPSH (Required NPSH, NPSHr) NPSH
(Available NPSH, NPSHa)
NPSHa
NPSH
NPSH
( 101.325 kN/m2 10.33
)
(NPSHa)
NPSHa
NPSHa
NPSHr
(Head losses) NPSHr
5
5 3
3 NPSH
4.20 4.21
104
4.20 NPSHa
4.21 NPSHa
NPSHa = Hp-Hvp-Hf-Hz
(4.5)
105
Hp
Hvp
= (Absolute pressure)
Hp
= (Head loss)
=
(Static Suction Lift)
(4.6)
NPSHa = Hp+ Hz - Hvp - Hf
(4.7)
Hp = 10.33 0.00108 El
Hf
Hz
Hp 4C El
4.4
NPSH 5.18
300
0.60
30C
300
() 4C
Hp = 10.33 0.00108 El
= 10.33 0.00108 x 300 = 10.01
106
Hp = 10.01/0.9957 = 10.05 .
4.1 (Sp.gr.)
(mb) 4C
NPSHr = 5.18 .
Hvp 30C = 0.43 .
107
30C = 0.9957
30C = 0.43 4C
(Hp) (Hvp)
30C
Hp = 10.01/0.9957 = 10.05
Hvp = 0.43/0.9957 = 0.43
NPSH = Hp Hz Hf Hvp
5.18 = 10.05 Hz 0.60 0.43
= 10.05 0.60 0.43 5.18 = 3.84
Hz
3.84
4.5
90C
4.1
90C = 0.965
90C
= 7.15 4C
= 7.15/0.965 = 7.41 90C
90C
=
10 . 01
0 . 965
= 10.37
108
Hf = 0.60 .
Hp = 10.01/0.965 = 10.37 .
NPSHr = 5.18 .
NPSH = Hp Hz Hf Hvp
5.18 = 10.37 Hz 0.60 7.41
Hz
= 10.37 0.60 7.41 5.18 = 2.82
2.82
NPSH
(Pressure gage)
(Velocity head, V2/2g)
NPSH
NPSHa = Hp + Hg +
Hp
Hg
V2
2g
Hvp
V2
2g
- Hvp
(4.8)
=
=
(Velocity Head)
109
4.6
300 25C
60 kN/m2
3.6 / NPSH
300 =
10.33 0.00108 x 300
=
10.01 4C
0.9971
.. 25C =
Hp 25C =
10.01/0.9971 = 10.04
60 1000
1000 9 . 81 0 . 9971
- 6.13
V2
2g
(3.6) 2
2 9 . 81
Hvp
=
=
0.32 4C
0.32/0.9971 = 0.32 25C
NPSH
Hg
= 0.66
Hp + Hg + V2 g - Hvp
4.12 (Cavitation)
NPSH NPSH
NPSH
110
1.
30 3
2.
3. (Suction lift) NPSHa
4.
5.
Axial flow Propeller
Axial flow
1.
2.
3. (Suction lift) NPSHa
4.
5.
111
4.2 PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
Centrifugal
Propeller
Standard
Turbine
(Radial Flow) (Mixed Flow) (Axial Flow)
Head
High, single
(or discharge stagepressure)
Up to 600 ft:
Multistage-up
to 6000 psi
Capacity
Low (100
(or delivered gal/min) to very
flow rate)
high (200,000
gal/min)
Liquids
Clean or dirty
handled
Metering or
flowControl
Capability
No
Intermediate Low, up to
, up to 200 ft 60 ft
Intermediate
, up to
16,000
gal/min
High solids
contents
No
Rotary
(Gear or
Screw)
Intermediate,
up to 600 psi
Reciprocating
(Piston or Plunger)
Highest available
up to 100,000 psi
High, up to
100,000
gal/min
Abrasive
Up to high
viscosity;
nonabrasive
Yes
No
Clean; no solids
Yes
112
4.14.1 Fan and Blower
-
axial flow radial flow Radial flow
axial flow
(a)
113
4.14.2 Compressor
15000 psi
Compressor, cooling, expansion and heating refrigerant
4.14.2.1
(Reciprocating Compressor)
35,000 psig
single stage multiple stage
4.15
4.12.1 From the data in Figure 4.14 plot the pump efficciency as a function of
capacity at 400 rpm.
4.12.2 A rotary pump with the characteristics shown in Figure 4.14 is to be used to
pump and meter 25 gal/min of a liquid of 2 cp viscosity and 0.8 specific gravity through a
piping system equivalent to 100 ft of 1-in. sch.-40 steel pipe. The suction pressure is 25
psig. Velocvity head and static energies are negligible. Can the pump be used? At what
speed? What power is required?
4.12.3 Contrast the results of closing a value just downstream of a positivedisplacement pump with the case of a centrifugal pump, assuming power to the pump
continues.
4.12.4 Check a point on the efficiency curve of Figure 4.14 by calculating the
efficiency using head and horse-power curves.
4.12.5 A pump with the characteristics given in Figure 4.16 and a 10-in. impeller are
availble in the storage warehouse. Can it be used to pump 400 gal/min against a head of
300 ft? What will be the speed and power consumption? Is there any disadvantage in using
this pump?
114
0 . 65
Btu / lbF
500
cp
45
lb / ft 3
0 . 36
Btu / hr ft 2 (F / ft )
M.wt. = 3000