Shared Criticisms of

CRE Research
• I. Methodological Integrity
• A. Inherent problems of field
based research
– Control (sampling)
– Instrumentation
• appropriate measures
• valid measures
• standardized operational definitions
– Rigor
• design
• data analyses
Shared Criticisms cont’d

– Causality
• lack of theory informing causal
connections
• failure connecting treatment to
outcome
– Evaluation versus Basic research
– The Politics of Field Research
• B. Study Types
– Longitudinal
– Comparative Studies
• CRE program
• CRE training models
Shared Criticisms cont’d

– Multiple Measures (the need for

innovation)
• quantitative
• qualitative
• mixed
 Future Directions

• Survey
– Scientific
– Multipurpose
• Longitudinal Study
– Institutionalization
– Diversity
• Continued Research
Symposiums