9/17/2011

Lecture 2: Classification of Communication Systems

Dr. Mohammed Hawa Electrical Engineering Department University of Jordan

EE421: Communications I: Lecture 2. For more information read Chapter 1 in your textbook or visit http://wikipedia.org/.

Comm Systems are classified based on the type of signal sent on the Channel
Baseband Carrier

Analog

Analog Baseband Communication Systems

Analog Carrier Communication Systems

Digital

Digital Baseband Communication Systems

Digital Carrier Communication Systems

Copyright Dr. Mohammed Hawa

Electrical Engineering Department, University of Jordan

9/17/2011

Modulation and Digitization

Baseband Carrier

Analog

Analog Baseband Communication Systems

Digitization

Analog Modulation

Analog Carrier Communication Systems

Digital

Digital Baseband Communication Systems

Digital Modulation

Digital Carrier Communication Systems

Copyright Dr. Mohammed Hawa

Electrical Engineering Department, University of Jordan

Each system has its advantages!

Analog Baseband Simplest system to build Inexpensive Analog Carrier Allows use of Antennas Allows Multiplexing (FDM) Allows exchanging SNR for Bandwidth Digital Carrier Allows use of Antennas Allows Multiplexing (FDM) Allows exchanging SNR for Bandwidth Also the advantages of digital baseband
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Digital Baseband Immunity to Noise Allows Multiplexing at baseband level (TDM) More bandwidth efficient Allows exchanging SNR for Bandwidth For more, see Handout
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9/17/2011

Analog Baseband Systems

Analog: m(t) can assume any value in a continuous range of values at any point in time t. Baseband: m(t) has a frequency-domain spectrum clustered around zero frequency (the base).
m(t)

|M(w)|

-2pB
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2pB
5

Electrical Engineering Department, University of Jordan

Examples
|Mvoice(w)| 2p(3400 Hz)
-2p(4

kHz)

2p(4 kHz) 2p(300 Hz)

w (rad/s)

|MNTSC video(w)| 2p(4 MHz) 0

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w (rad/s)
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Analog Baseband Systems

An analog baseband system sends the analog baseband signal m(t) as is (without any modifications). Advantages:
Simplest possible system. Inexpensive to build.

Usually used for short-distance communications. Examples of such systems in the next slide.
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Example Analog Baseband Systems

Last Mile (Local Loop): 300 m 5 km

Local Exchange (L.E.)

Copyright Dr. Mohammed Hawa

Electrical Engineering Department, University of Jordan

9/17/2011

Modulation and Digitization

Baseband Carrier

Analog

Analog Baseband Communication Systems

Digitization

Analog Modulation

Analog Carrier Communication Systems

Digital

Digital Baseband Communication Systems

Digital Modulation

Digital Carrier Communication Systems

Copyright Dr. Mohammed Hawa

Electrical Engineering Department, University of Jordan

Modulation
In modulation, the signal m(t) is combined with a high-frequency signal called the carrier. Hence, frequencies are shifted.
|M(w)|

-2pB

2pB

|F(w)|

-wc

wc
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Copyright Dr. Mohammed Hawa

9/17/2011

Analog and Digital Carrier Systems

Modulation (i.e., analog and digital carrier systems) advantages:
Allows the use of reasonable antenna lengths. Allows Multiplexing (FDM). As well as CDMA and OFDMA in digital systems. Allows exchanging SNR for Bandwidth.

-wc

w1

wc

w3

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Electrical Engineering Department, University of Jordan

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Example Carrier Systems

Examples of analog carrier systems: Examples of digital carrier systems:
AM and FM radio broadcasting. Analog TV broadcasting (NTSC and PAL). Digital radio broadcasting. Digital TV broadcasting (DVB-S, DVB-T, ATSC) WiMAX metropolitan area network. Wi-Fi wireless local area network. Cellular Telephony (2nd, 3rd and 4th generations). Old dial-up modems. ADSL modems.
Electrical Engineering Department, University of Jordan

Copyright Dr. Mohammed Hawa

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9/17/2011

Modulation and Digitization

Baseband Carrier

Analog

Analog Baseband Communication Systems

Digitization

Analog Modulation

Analog Carrier Communication Systems

Digital

Digital Baseband Communication Systems

Digital Modulation

Digital Carrier Communication Systems

Copyright Dr. Mohammed Hawa

Electrical Engineering Department, University of Jordan

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Digitization
To convert the analog baseband signal into a digital baseband signal :
Sampling. Quantization. Mapping. Encoding (coding). Pulse Shaping.

Digital baseband Advantages:

Immunity to Noise. Allows Multiplexing at baseband level (TDM).
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Example Digital Baseband Systems

Digital baseband Advantages (Continue):
More bandwidth efficient (compression and line coding). Allows exchanging SNRfor Bandwidth at the baseband level. For more, see Handout. Serial (RS-232) and USB port connections. Ethernet (a popular local area network). Telephony (between local exchanges), such as the T-1, T-2, , E1, E2, etc PDH carriers.
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Examples of digital baseband systems:

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Block Diagram of a Communication System

Source

Channel

Destination

Impairments: Attenuation, Distortion, Noise, etc

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Electrical Engineering Department, University of Jordan

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Source and Destination

Source
Digitizer Information Input Transducer Quantizer + Mapper Encoder + Pulse Shaper Sampler Modulator Amp To Channel

ADC

Oscillator

Destination
Information Output Transducer LPF + Amplifier DAC Decoder Demodulator Amplifier + Equalizer + Filter

From Channel

Oscillator
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