Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Deduction vs. Induction
Deduction vs. Induction
Deduction vs. Induction
commonly associated with formal logic. involves reasoning from known premises, or premises presumed to be true, to a certain conclusion. the conclusions reached are certain, inevitable, inescapable.
Induction By contrast, the form or structure of an inductive argument has little to do with its perceived believability or credibility, apart from making the argument seem more clear or more well-organized. The receiver (or a 3rd party) determines the worth of an inductive argument
vegetarian animals
All tortoises fall in the circle of animals that are vegetarians
tortoises
Thus, Bessie must be a vegetarian
Bessie
What additional piece E. of information would be required to conclude that Person Solution: Answer C Y is shorter than M<Y<L<X Person J?
Which combination of toppings should she select if she is to satisfy all three childrens combined demands?
A. pineapple, onions, cheese, mushrooms, sausage cheese, sausage, ham, olives, pineapple cheese, mushrooms, ham, onions, pineapple sausage, mushrooms, onions, cheese, and ham.
B. C. D.
Fifi
Yes
Mona
No
Rex
then ham
if sausa ge
Note: the statement if sausage, then ham doesnt imply If ham then sausage. The obverse doesnt necessarily follow.
If the reasoning employed in an argument is valid and the arguments premises are true, then the argument is said to be sound. valid reasoning fallacious + true premises = sound argument
cogent
Inductive reasoning is found in the courtroom, the boardroom, the classroom, and throughout the media Most, but not all everyday arguments are based on induction
Examples: The reasonable person standard in civil law, and the beyond a reasonable doubt standard in criminal law