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State and Govt. (7!6!12)
State and Govt. (7!6!12)
A state is structured and indicates that it is a political concept because of the four elements found in it : people, territory, sovereignty (independence) and most important of all is government. Nation, on the other hand, is an ethnic concept because even if it has people as an element, it is only bound together by something they have in common; like common religion, common language or common culture.
Based on the definition of a STATE, it has four elements. This means that a community of people can be called a STATE only if it fulfils this four requirements :
Self-sufficing Self-perpetuating
PEOPLE AS SELF-PERPUATING
As written in your workbook, composed of both sexes of sufficient number to be self-perpetuating. ---this means that people does not necessarily have to be more or less, but it is important that it can produce the next generation.
PEOPLE AS SELF-SUFFICING
This means that despite the number of population the state has, its people should be able to stand on its own, using its resources. People is able to provide for themselves without external aid or help.
Let us jump to Article 1 of the 1987 Constitution (go to page 53 of your workbook)
It is important that we define our territory, the purpose of which is to identify the boundaries and limitations of our resources for us to be able to manage our resources well. Our territory has three domains : the terrestrial domain (the land area), the aerial domain (from land area going up to the atmosphere, until such time that one cannot breath ;)), fluvial (waters within) & maritime (waters outside but still within the territory) domain
Note : aerial domain is the area from terrestrial domain up to the atmosphere. Space is considered as open territory, which means that no state can claim ownership to...
Fluvial domain
ARCHIPELAGIC DOCTRINE
This is a doctrine that acknowledges the uniqueness of our territory and identifies its boundaries despite the fact that our islands are divided by water. The doctrine states that the waters around, between and connecting the islands are considered as part of the national unit.
TERRITORIAL SEA
belt of water outside and parallel to the coastline or the outer limits of the inland or internal waters. This extends 19 kms or 12 nautical miles from the low-water mark. The territorial sea is also subject to 200 miles exclusive economic zone.
G O V E R N M E N T
GOVERNMENT
This is by far the most important element because it is with the government that the people renders habitual obedience to. The government ensures that people renders habitual obedience to the rules and regulations formulated and implemented.
CONSTITUENT FUNCTIONS :
- basic functions of the government that must be performed. Their performance is the minimum requirement for an orderly existence.
MINISTRANT FUNCTIONS :
- those undertaken to advance the general interests of society, such as public works, public charity, and regulation of trade and industry.
---The nature of governments differ according to the purposes of the body of the people to be governed and circumstances under which the government is conducted. --Arthur N. Holcombe Encyclopedia. 1996 ) (Colliers
This means that no two governments are exactly the same...
King (1)
rule
People
People
People
Monarchy is a rule by one person; oligarchy is a rule by a few; both with monarchy and oligarchy, the people just accepts the rulership of the govt leaders. With democracy on the other hand, it is a rule by many as the people elect the government leaders.
B. According to the Relationship Between the National and Local Governments FEDERAL UNITARY
National Govt Local Govt National Govt
Local Govt
People
People
In a unitary government, the national government has supreme power over the local government. Whatever autonomy the local govt has, it s powers are limited. While in the federal government, the local govt has strong powers over the people as it can make its own laws and decisions over its locality.
C. According to the Status (either civilian or military) of those who hold the Rein of the Government:
People
These forms of government indicate what is the status or position of the one holding government rulership, either the head of government is a civilian or a military officer and has retained his position in the armed forces. Martial law is not a form of military government because the head of government is still a civilian and only gives temporary powers to the military to pacify the people in case of rebellion or a state of emergency.
rule
People
D. According to the Relationship Between the Executive and the Legislature PARLIAMENTARY PRESIDENTIAL Authority
EXEC.
Authority to rule
LEG.
Authority to rule
EXEC.
rule
to rule
LEG.
rule
Authority to rule
In a presidential government, both the Executive (represented by the President) and the Legislature (represented by the Senators & the Congressmen) rule over the people. The authority to rule comes from the people as the people voted for them during the elections. For a parliamentary government, although both the Executive (Prime Minister) and Legislature (Parliament) rule over the people, the people elects the members of the Parliament and the Parliament chooses the Prime Minister. So the Prime Minister is responsible to the Parliament not to the people.
rule
People
rule
People
2. System of Check and Balance this principle makes sure that when one department abuses its power, the other departments corrects the mistakes of this department.
3. Blending of Powers this principles assures us that a task can only be completed with the cooperation of 2 or more departments.
After a State has fulfilled all four elements (including recognition by other states), automatically the State is given three powers : POLICE POWER, POWER OF TAXATION and the POWER OF EMINENT DOMAIN.
This is the power of the state to regulate the activities of the people to ensure that peace and harmony exists....while the role of the military is to defend the state, the police promotes the welfare of the people by restraining and regulating their use of liberty and property. So that NO one man can just can kill another as part of his freedom of expression or for one to steal from another. Police power protects us from each other.
Power of TAXATION
This is the power of the state that ensure we have money to implement our rules and introduce development to the state. This power promotes the welfare and the interests of the people though the proportionate share from its people.