Heat is energy transferred from one system to another by thermal interaction.

[1][2] In contrast to work, heat is always accompanied by a transfer of entropy. Heat flow is characteristic of macroscopic objects and systems, but its origin and properties can be understood in terms of their microscopic constituents. Heat flow from a high to a low temperature body occurs spontaneously. This flow of energy can be harnessed and partially converted into useful work by means of a heat engine. The second law of thermodynamics prohibits heat flow from a low to a high temperature body, but with the aid of a heat pump external work can be used to transport energy from low to the high temperature. In ordinary language, heat has a diversity of meanings, includingtemperature.[3] In physics, "heat" is by definition a transfer of energy and is always associated with a process of some kind. "Heat" is used interchangeably with "heat flow" and "heat transfer". Heat transfer can occur in a variety of ways: by conduction[4], radiation,[5] convection, net mass transfer, friction or viscosity,[6] and by chemical dissipation.[7][8][9] The SI unit of heat is the joule. Heat can be measured by calorimetry,[10] or determined indirectly by calculations based on other quantities, relying for instance on the first law of thermodynamics. In physics, especially in calorimetry, and in meteorology, the concepts of latent heat and of sensible heat are used. Latent heat is associated with phase changes, while sensible heat is associated with temperature change. Premature babies There are many reasons why babies are born much earlier than normal andpremature births are often down to a combination of factors. These factors can be loosely grouped under medical, accidentaland socio-economic causes. medical Problems with the uterus can causepremature birth. These include : malformation of the uterus, distension (especially for multiple

pregnancies), opening of the uterus, detachment of the placenta and placenta previa (where the baby is right next to the opening of the uterus and this causes the placenta to detach itself). Infectious diseases such as urinary infections, diabetes, high blood pressure caused by pregnancy and the bacterial disease listeriosis can also cause premature birth. This is why proper and regular check-ups are so important. If you have the slightest concern, go and see your doctor. Don't worry about wasting your doctor's time: better to re-assure yourself than to end up with complications. Accidental Obviously its difficult to pinpoint accidental causes of premature birth and certainly difficult to avoid the unexpected, but a violent shock to the stomach, a fall and surgical operations can all cause women to give birthbefore they are ready. Socio economic Several studies have established a direct link between premature birth, quality of life and the age of the mother (less than 18 and over 35). Professor Emile Papiernick has evidence to show that a group of factors have an effect on premature birth: working outside in the open air, unaccustomed exercise, physical labour and long journeys. Menopause baby Becoming Pregnant During Menopause - The Menopause Baby When a woman goes through menopause, her body phases outmenstrual cycles until they stop all together. The woman may go for months or even a year between having one period and the next. This long time frame is at the heart of the undiscovered menopause baby. During the time when the female body is not having a menstrual cycle, the body may still be releasing those last few eggs. If the egg is released and there is a viable sperm waiting to fertilize the egg, the female can, and will, get pregnant.