Electromagnetic Wave Propagation (II) Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Different Media

By: Dr. Ahmed M. Attiya

Time-Harmominc Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in General Lossy Dielectric Medium

Time-Harmominc Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in General Lossy Dielectric Medium

Wave propagates with a phase constant but the amplitude decreases with an attenuation constant . Units of are radians/m. Units of are nepers/m [Np/m]. If = 1 Np/m, the amplitude of the wave will decrease e times at a distance 1 m. 1 Np/m 8.686 dB/m.

The quantity = 1/ is called a skin depth - the distance q y / p over which the current (or field) falls to 1/e of its original value.

Time-Harmominc Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in General Lossy Dielectric Medium

Time-Harmominc Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in General Lossy Dielectric Medium

Relation Between Electric and Magnetic Fields in Electromagnetic Waves

loss tangent (tan)

tan = = = tan 2

Different Types of Propagating Media

Plane Wave in Lossless Dielectric Medium

Plane Wave in Free Space

Characteristics of Electromagnetic Plane Waves i Free Space and di l in d dielectric media i di

B h E and H fi ld are normal to the di Both d fields l h direction of wave i f propagation and normal to each other. N electric or magnetic fi ld components are f No l t i ti field t found d along the direction of propagation. This wave is called Transverse Electromagnetic Wave (TEM wave). wave) E component and H component have the same magnitude through any transverse plane orthogonal to the direction of propagation. Thus, this wave is uniform plane wave. The direction of the electric field is defined as the polarization of the TEM wave.

Plane Wave in Good Conductor

The quantity = 1/ is called a skin depth - the distance over which the current (or field) falls to 1/e of its original value.

AC and DC Resistances (Skin Effect)

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Example 5