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CLT Propeller
CLT Propeller
LIST OF CONTENTS
What is CLT Propeller Why CLT Propellers Origin Of The Idea How A Propeller Works Theoretical Fundamentals Design Manufacturing Reparability Advantages Case Study Conclusion
Water velocity over the suction back of the blade is greater than the velocity across the high pressure face of the blade. This velocity differential across the blade results in pressure differential across the blade. The resultant lifting force can be resolved into thrust and resistance vectors. The thrust pushes the ship through the water.
THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS
The Contracted Loaded Tip propellers (CLT) are screw propellers with important load at the blade tips.
The end plate is located at the pressure side of the blade with the aim to obtain a higher overpressure downstream.
The underpressure on the suction side caused by a CLT propeller is much lower than for an equivalent conventional propeller whilst the overpressure on the downstream side is much higher. The first theoretical developments and results of model tests on these type of propellers were published in 1976 The CLT concept was developed in 1986
DESIGN
The propeller blades of the CLT propellers may be designed either in fixed pitch or controllable pitch versions. The CLT concept is feasible for any type of POD arrangement. The CLT propeller designs have been approved by most of the majors Classification Societies (LRS, ABS, BV, DNV, RINA, GL, etc.). SISTEMAR carries out an evaluation of the fuel saving that can be achieved by the CLT propeller if compared with an alternative conventional propeller.
MANUFACTURING
It may be accomplished just by the following companies licensed by SISTEMAR : Fundiciones Adrio (Vigo,Spain). Casuso Propellers (Entrambasaguas, Spain) Mecklenburger Metallguss (Rostock,Germany) Wrtsila Iberica (Maliao,Spain) Wrtsila Netherlands (Drunen,Netherlands) The procedure to manufacture a CLT propeller is similar to the one used for a conventional propeller with some differences concerning the mould, the govern of the flow of metal into the mould, the machining of the end plates, etc. The ISO specifications for propellers together with the SISTEMAR norms are the criteria for assessment. SISTEMAR performs a detailed inspection of each CLT propeller at the manufacturer workshop prior to its delivery.
REPARABILITY
The CLT propellers do not add an extra difficulty for repair works if compared with similar jobs performed to conventional propellers.
The repair jobs on a CLT propeller must be carried out just by those workshops homologated by the Classification Society for the repair of conventional propellers.
The procedures to be applied to the repair of a CLT propeller are the very same than those to be applied in the case of conventional propellers.
CLT propellers are currently installed on about 280 vessels, ranging from frigates to bulk carriers to VLCCs to ferries.
ADVANTAGES
1. Higher efficiency 2. Higher ship speed 3. Lower fuel consumption 4. Reduction in CO2 emissions 5. Higher thrust 6. Better Manoeuvrability Characteristics 7. Lower Noise And Vibration Levels 8. Lower Optimum Diameter 9. Less cavitation 10.Reduced erosion, noise and vibration
PROPULSION COEFFICIENTS, POWER AND RATE OF REVOLUTIONS OBTAINED BY MODEL EXPERIMENTS AND THREE DIFFERENT EXTRAPOLATIONS AND BY THEORETICAL PREDICTIONS (ANDERSEN 1996, TABLE 3).
CASE STUDY
Maersk opts for energy-saving propellers
The 35,000dwt tanker Roy Maersk was fitted, in November 2009, with a 5.25m four-bladed CLT propeller, in place of the previous 5.65m diameter conventional propeller. The 171.2m length oa ship is powered by a 7,150kW engine turning at 127rpm, for a service speed of 15 knots. A.P. Moeller Maersk first became interested in CLT propellers in 2006, during an internal study on different methods of reducing fuel consumption and lowering emissions for both existing vessels and newbuildings. Starting in October 2007, a number of model test investigations were carried out on different type of vessels belonging to the A.P. Moeller fleet to assess the suitability of the CLT propeller design. The Roy Maersk installation was carried out as a full-scale sea trial on a ship in service, to provide a comparison between full scale results and model test predictions. The full scale exercise comprised pressure pulse measurements and full scale cavitation observations. According to Sistemar, results from the sea trials were encouraging, showing promising efficiency benefits and correspondence between model and full scale pressure pulses and cavitation patterns. As a result of the trials, A.P. Moeller Maersk has decided to continue its collaboration with Sistemar and to carry out further investigations into possible benefits of using CLT propellers. Current evaluations are looking at other CLT propeller installations, both newbuilding and retrofit.
CONCLUSION:
Nowadays profitability, efficiency and reliability of commercial ships are of paramount importance. Neither can be obtained without a proper design of the propulsion plant as whole and without the careful selection of each component, from the main engines to the filters. CLT propellers grant substantial advantages over conventional propellers, among them: Higher efficiency (conservatively 5-8% ); Quietness; Cavitation inhibition; Greater thrust; Better ship manoeuvrability.
A rough estimate of the saving in daily fuel consumption (t/day) due to the installation of CLT propellers can be obtained by multiplying the installed propulsion power (MW) by 0.3. For instance, a ship having a 10 MW propulsion is expected to save 3 tons of fuel per day if equipped with CLT Propellers. No disadvantages are present, therefore CLT propellers are a dominant choice both for new buildings and in case of re-engining.
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