14 Basic Needs

Prepared by: Jade Valenzuela

Virginia Avenel Henderson

Born

in Kansas City, Missouri on November 30, 1897. She was educated at the US Army School of Nursing (1921) and Teachers College, Columbia University where she completed her B.S. (1932) and M.A. (1934), then taught from 1934 until 1948.

Hendersons Theory
She

viewed the patient as an individual who requires help toward achieving independence and completeness or wholeness of the body.

 She

has been called the First Lady of Nursing and the First Truly International Nurse. Her book, Nature of Nursing, was published in 1966, expressed herself about the essence of nursing. Henderson died on March 19, 1996 at the age of 98.

Metaparadigm in Nursing
Person
She

stated that the person is an individual who requires help toward achieving independence and completeness or wholeness of mind and body.

Health
Henderson

viewed health as a quality of life and is very basic for a person to function fully. As a vital need, health requires independence and interdependence.

Environment
Nurses,

according to Henderson, must provide physicians data about the safety needs of a patient.

Nursing
The

Nurse must empower the patient to gain independence as rapidly as possible.

14 Basic Human Needs

Breathe normally
Eat and drink adequately Eliminate body wastes. Move and maintain desirable postures

Sleep and rest

Select suitable clothes--dress and undress Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying the environment

Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument
Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others.

Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions

Worship according to one's faith Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment Play or participate in various forms of recreation Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities