tcef;(1)

“tm%mtwGufvlxkpnf;&Hk;a&;onfvkdtyf.”

zdvpfykdifEkdifiHY&Sdonfh rnDr#aom vlaer_pepfwkd@onf rv$Jra&Smifomyif vlwef;pm; (2)&yf tjzpfarG;zGm;ay;

vkdufayonf? xkdolwkd@onf zdESdyfolESifh tzdESdyfcHrsm;yifjzpf=uayonf? xkdtxJrS zdESdyfolwkd@ukd vG,fvG,fyif cGJjcm;I &Ekdif
ayonf? ‚wkd@onf aysmf&$ifp&mtm;vHk;ukd ykdifqkdifxm;=uI aumif;ayh qkdaom/ tm;}uD;tm;i,fwkd@ukdvnf; pD;ykdif=u+yD;
ZdrfcH[kdw,f}uD;rsm;wGif pnf;pdrf,pfrl;vsuf oufawmifhoufomaexkdifvsuf&Sd=uayonf? xkdenf;wlpGmyif tzdESdyfcH
vlwef;pm;wkd@ukdvnf; tvG,fwulyif cGJjcm;I&Ekdifjyefavonf? tdrfajc,majcrJhae=uolrsm;/ ac|;ESifh&if;I tvkyfvkyf
ae=uolrsm;/ }uHckwf=uolrsm;/ txnfcsKyfpuf±HkawGYvkyfcenf; tvkyform;rsm; tjzpfweHwv#m; v,fuGif;jyif tajrmuf
trsm;wGif EGrf;yg;pGmawG@&SdEkdifayonf?
xdkvlwef;pm; (2)&yf =um;Y&Sdaom b0tajcrsm;rSmvnf; ododomomyif xif&Sm;vsuf&Sdae=uayonf?
‘ba&mif;ba&mif;’ &yfuGuftwGif;&Sd ZdrfcHtaqmuftOD;}uD;wck. eHab;wGif ,kdifeJ@v#uf&Sdaom wJtdrfpkwfuav;rsm;ukd
=unfhjcif;jzifhyif uGmjcm;r_ukd twkdif;om;wG@jrifEkdifayonf? xkdokd@aom odomr_xuf ta&;}uD;onfht&mrSm qif;&Jonfh
tzdESdyfcHvlxkYxkdtajcaeqkd;rS ajymif;vJapEkdifrnfh tm%mr&Sdjcif;yifjzpfayonf? ‚wkd@onf ±kyfowWKypPnf;t& EGrf;yg;
csKd@wJ=u,Hkr#ru vlxktm%mtaejzifhvnf; tifrwefrSyif csKd@wJhae=u&ayonf? zdESyfolrsm;onf aumfykda&;&Sif;}uD;rsm;Y
qHk;jzwfcsufay;Ekdifolrsm;/ ±Hk;rsm;/ ,EW&m;rsm; / 0g'jzef@csDa&;vkyfief;rsm; tp&Sdonfwkd@ukd xdrf;csKyfxm;=uavonf? tajc
taeonf xdkokd@yif&Sdaevifhupm; tzdESdyfcHvlxkonf zdESyfolwkd@xuf ta&twGuftm;jzifh vGefpGmrsm;jym;=uaomfvnf;
‚wkd@.rnDr!Gwfjzpfaer_rsm;u ‚wkd@. &efolukd qef@usif&ef vHkavmufaomtiftm;rsKd;rjzpfapcJhay? qif;&Jaom
v,form;rsm;/ tvkyform;rsm;/ tkd;rJhtdrfrJhrsm;onf zdESdyfolrsm;ukd ,SOf®yif&ef ±kyf0xˆKtaeESifha&m aiGtm;t&ygjynfhpHkjcif;
r&Sd=uay?
vGefcJhaomumvrsm;wGif xkdtajctaeukd ykdrkdqkd;0g;apcJhaom tcsif;t&mrSm zdESdyfolrsm;Y aoG;pkwfa&;,EW&m;rsm;/
zdESdyfa&;,EW&m;rsm;ESifh ykdrkdjynfhpHkvmcJh=ujcif;yifjzpfonf? zdESdyfolwkd@taeESifh qufvufzdEdSyfxm;Ekdif&eftajctaeaumif;rsm;
yifjzpfayonf? wuUokdvfrsm;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;ausmif;rsm;rS ynmoif=um;a&;pepfwkd@onf a,musmFrsm;/ rdef;rrsm;ukd
'ava[marG;xkwf qif;vmaponf? ‚wkd@. aºua=umfoHonf Tpepfukd ykdaumif;atmifvkyfrnf/ Tpepfukd
ykdjrefatmif vkyfrnf[k qkd=u avonf? okd@ESifhyif aumfykda&;&Sif;rsm;/ ppfwyfESifhtpkd;&.zdESdyfa&;,EW&m;rsm;onf t+rJwrf;
vkdvkd wdk;yGm;ae=uayawmhonf?
zdESdyfolwkd@. vufrS tm%monf tzdESdyfcHwkd@. vufokd@ajymif;vJa&;onf wr[kwfcsif; vG,v f G,fESifh jzpfEkdifrnf
r[kwfay? tcuftcJwcktaejzifhyrmðy&v#if “wdwfqdwfonfh,Ofaus;r_”qkdonfh t&monf tzdESdyfcH vlxltm; &mpkESpf
aygif; rsm;pGmv$rf;rdk;jcif;ðyvsuf&SdaecJhavonf? okd@jzifh tzdESdyfcHwkd@onf ‚wkd@onf ‚wkd@. ae@pOftawG@ t}uHKrsm;rSyif
wjznf;jznf;ESifhpdwf"gwfa&;&mt& zGH@òz;vm=uayonf? Ttaetxm; Ttiftm;ESifhqufoGm;=urnf qkdygu ‚wkd@.
vGyfajrmufa&;tm; &SmawG@&efcufcJaevdrfhrnf[laom tawG;jzifh oabmaygufem;vnf=urnfqkdvsif ‚wkd@twGif;rS
‚wkd@ tiftm;ukdjyefvnf&SmazG=u&rnfhtpm; jyifytiftm;pkrsm;tay:tm;ukd;&m &SmazGvm=uayawmhrnf?
Oyrmtmjzifh “rufaq;aq;” aemufwa,muf(okd@r[kwf) aemufw}udrfawmifwef;rsm;ay:rS olykefwkd@onf ‚wkd@udk
vma&mufu,fwif=uvdrfhrnf[k ,Hk=unfae=ujyefonf? tzdESdyfcHwkd@oabmraygufao;onfh t&mrSm tm%m(okd@)
tiftm;wnf; [laomt&monf ‚wkd@twGif;Yyif &Sdaejcif;jzpfonfqkdaom oabmw&m;yifjzpfonf? ‚wkd@taejzifh
jidrf+idrfqdrfqdrfae=u,Hkjzifh ‚wkd@. vGwfajrmufa&;tm; aumif;uifbHkay:rS / awmifwef;rsm;ay:rS wefckd;&SifwOD;OD;u
‚wkd@xH o,faqmifvmvdrfhrnf[k ,Hk=unfae=uayonf? xkdt&mukdapmifhar#mfv#uf±Sd =uayonf?
b,folyifjzpfjzpf tajymif;tvJawG ay:aygufvmapzkd@ ar#mfvifhonfqkdygu “wddwfqdwfwJh,Ofaus;r_”ukd tvsif
OD;pGm azsmufzsuf=u&ayvdrfhrnf? yxrOD;pGm pwifvkyfaqmif&rnfhtvkyfrSm vlxktm; ‚wkd@b0Y trSefwu,f
}uHKawG@ae&aom tajctaersm;ESifh jy\emrsm;ukd tajccHI pnf;&Hk;=u&ayrnf? ‚wkd@tay:zdESdyfolawGukd tmcH&ef
pnf;&Hk;=u&ayvdrfhrnf? tqHk;wGif atmifyGJ&vmayvdrfhrnf? xkdjy\emrsm;onf vufiif;vkdtyfcsufrsm;ukd ajz&Sif;
aev#ufESifhyif ‚wkd@tcsif;csif;pnf;±kH;onfh tawG@t}uHKESifh zdESdyfolwkd@ukd jyefvnftmcHonfh tawG@t}uHKrsm;onf

1
tzdESdyfcHrsm;twGuf ta&;}uD;aomtvkyf jzpfayonf? xkdtawG@t}uHKonf&mpkESpfaygif;rsm;pGm =umjrifhae+yDjzpfaom
“wdwfqdwfonfh,Ofaus;r_” [kaom t&mukd ±kdufcsKd;ypfvkdufjcif;yifjzpfayonf? xkdtjyif tv$Jra&Smifomaom tjcm;
wkd;wufr_wkd@onf trsm;tjym;yif&Sdae=uayonf? òr@aeqif;&Jom;awGtwGuf t"du tm;jzifh vlaer_tqifhtwef;
rrSDaom aetdrfrsm;/ ta&;}uD;aomvlr_apmifha&Smufa&;vkyfief;rsm;/ tpdk;&. ajymifa&$@ae&mcsxm;a&;ay:vpDrsm; tp&Sd
onf wkd@ukd axmufjyIpnfp±HkI&Ekdifayonf? tvkyform;rsm;taejzifhvnf; “tòyiftqkdifEkdifiHjcm;wifykd@r_” qkdwJh
acgif;pOf atmufY(wrifoufouf)vkyfcESifh &ykdifcGifhukdavsmhay;ae=u&ayonf?
vkyfief;cGifvHk+cHKr_r&Sdr_rsm;/ vkyfief;cGiftwGif;Y qif;&J=uyfwnf;aom taetxm;rsm;/ oydwfarSmufr_ukd ydwfyif
wm;qD;r_rsm; ukd}uHKae=u&avonf? ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;Y&Sdaom v,form;i,fwkd@Yvnf; ae&m vl,uff=uol rsm;.
t"<r ESifxkwfjcif;/ oD;ESHrvHkavmufjcif;/ tjrwftpGe;f eJyg;jcif;/ tp&Sdaom vk,ufr_toD;oD;ukd w&m0ifjzpfap/ w&m;r0if
jzpfap cHae=u&&Smayonf?
jy\emwkd@onf renf;vSay? okd@aomfpnf;±Hk;a&;orm;rsm;rSm enf;yg;aeayonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;rsm;vkdtyfjcif;
ta=umif;t&if;rSm vlxk. rauseyfr_rsm;/ vlxk.pdwfqENouf0if,Hk=unfaer_rsm;ukd vufawG@ v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;tjzpf
ajymif;vJ ay;&efyifjzpfonf? tzdESdyfcHwkd@onf ‚wkd@csi;f nD!Gwfa&;twGuf odrfaES;auG;vGef; ae=uayonf?
vlxkukd tm%mtwGufpnf;±Hk;&mwGif usaemfwkd@taejzifh&nf&G,f&rnfrSm vlxkudk,fwkdifyg0ifaqmif&Gufr_ESifh
tm;aumif;aomvlxktpnf;t±Hk;rsm; tzdESdyfcHtiftm;pkxJrS ay:aygufvma&;yifjzpfonf? xkdtxJrSwpdwfwykdif;r#&&Sdonf
qkd,Hkjzifhyif qHk;jzwfcsufcsaomae&mwGif yg0ifpGufzufcGifh&Ekdif=uayrnfjzpfonf? vlxkukd tm%mtwGuf pnf;±Hk; &mwGif
&nf&G,fcsuf (2) ck&Sdayonf?
(1) todynmt& vGwfajrmufa&;&&Sdvmap&ef
(2) tm%mtwGuf vufawG@ ,EW&m;rsm;ukd ukd,fwkdifzefwD;EkdifcGifh &zkd@yifjzpfayonf?
tm%m[lonf “rkdufuD;om;yJvD;” azmfjyxm;ouJhokd@ raumif;qkd;&Gm; &nf&G,fcsufESifh t"dy`g,fryDro&Sdaom
pum;&yfwckr[kwfay? tm%mqkdonfrSm ,QKvkdrnDr#&Sdaeaom tajctaersm;Y toHk;ðyjcif;tm;jzifh vlxkukd
zdESdyfaeaom/ vlxkukd oduQmusapaom vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;/ emusnf;csufrsm;rSaeI tajctaeajymif;vJ&ef&nf&G,fjcif;
yifjzpfonf? vlxk. tm%mukd jiif;qefaernfqkdvsif tvkdvkdtm;jzihfzdESdyfolwkd@ukd qufvufzdESdyf&ef cGifhðyxm;jcif;yif
jzpfonf? u|efpepftopftqef;wckukdw&m;0if apjcif;yifjzpfon?
TpmtkyfwGifaz:jyxm;aom pnf;&Hk;a&;enf;emrsm;tay:a0zef=ujcif;onf tajctaetukefvHk; tm; +cHKiHk
oHk;oyfjcif;rsKd;r&Sday? xkdajctaerS rnfonfukd OD;wnfaejcif;rsKd;r&Sday? “t,l0g'wckygvmwJhtcg ppf&_H;wmyJ” vkd@
wcsKd@uajym=uonf? okd@aomfvnf;xkdolwkd@taejzifh 0efcH=u&onfrSm Tv_yf&Sm;r_wavsmufwGif atmifjrifr_i,fav;rsm;
&Sdonfqkdonfukd 0efcH=u&jcif;yifjzpfonf? yGifhvif;aom/ vGwfvyfaom/ 'Drkdua&pDusaom vlxktpnf;t±Hk;wckESifh
trsKd;om;v_yf&Sm;r_ b,fvkdqufpyfonfqkdonfukd TpmtkyfwGif az:jyxm;ayonf? ACPO .q,f}udrfajrmuf
tpnf;ta0;YTokd@t}uHðycJhayonf?
“ vlxkpnf; ±Hk;a&;tm;jzifh vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;wnfaxmif+yD; olwkd@&J@b0ukd wrsKd;wzHk ajymif;vJapzdk@
(trsKd;om;xkw&yfvHk;ajymif;vJapzkd@) qHk;jzefcsufcs&mrSm olwkd@ukd,fwdkif yg0ifcGifh&&Sdvmapw,f? vlxk
toif;tyif;awG[m tzdESyfcHawG&J@ v_yf&Sm;r_eJ@wpdwfwykdif;tm;jzifh qufpyfaew,f? cGJjcm;vkd@r&bl;/
vuf&Sdjzpfay:aewJhv_r_a&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ EkdifiHa&;/ w&m;rr#wwJhpepfawGu ajymif;vJzkd@ trsKd;om; v_yf&Sm;r_
awGeJ@a&m / tv$mwkdif; wckvHk;v_yf&Sm;r_ awGeJ@ygqufpyfaew,f?” “ vlxkpnf; ±Hk;a&;orm;
wa,mufrSm t,l0g'wckukd ,Hk=unfxm;vdrfhr,f (t,l0g'wck&Sdaumif;&Sdvdrfhr,f) 'gayrJhowdxm;zkd@u
vlxktay: tJ'D0g' ukd roGyfoGif;rdzkd@yJ? pnf;±Hk;a&;orm; wa,muf&J@ wm0efuawmh yGifhvif;wJh/
'Drkdua&pDuswJh ta&;ygwJh vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;ukd wnfaqmifekdifatmif ulnDzkd@yJjzpfw,f? tJ'DurS
wqifh olwkd@&J@vdktyfwJh trsKd;om;vrf;pOf/ t,l0g'awGukdol@zmomol a&$;cs,foGm;ygvdrfhr,f? 'Denf;[m
vlxkukd }uD;rm;wJhtrsKd;om;a&;jy\emawGeJ@ ta&;ygwJhyl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_udk &&Sdzkd@twwf ynmyJ
jzpfw,f? 'Dtcsuf[m yJ tzGJ@tpnf;awG&J@ tajccHuswJh rÀdKifyJjzpfw,f”

xkduJhokd@trsKd;om;w&yfvHk;ESifhqkdifaom }uD;rm;onfh jy\em}uD;rsm;tm; vlxktzGJ@tpnf;rsm;taeESihf csufcsif;

vufiif; &ifqkdif&efroifhao;ay? xkdokd@}uD;rm;onfhjy\em}uD;rsm;tm; ao;i,fonfhjy\emav;rsm;tjzpfcGJjcrf;pdwfjzmI
‚wkd@tzGJ@tpnf;. &ifhusufvmr_ tvkduf ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;apoifhao;ayonf? TpmtkyfYygonfhyGifhvif;+yD;vufawG@
usaom pnf; ±Hk;a&;yHko¾efwkd@onf xkdvkyfief;rsm;wGif toHk;ðy&efoifhavsmfvSayonf?

2
 tcef;(2)

jy\emukd xdyw
f kduf&ifqdkifjcif;onfv_y&f mS ;r_enf;vrf;wckyifjzpf.?

tm%mtwGufpnf;±Hk;aomae&mwGif tm;aumif;onfh pnf; ±Hk;a&;rª;wkd@onf jy\emukd xdyfwkduf&ifqdkifonfh

enf;ukd t"duenf;wcktjzpfoHk;I atmifjrifhr_rsm;&&Sd=uayonf? vltrsm;pku ar;=uonf? “zdESdyfolESifh tzdESdyfcH
awG=um;rSm bmjzpfvkd@'Dvkdxdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;wJhenf;ukd oHk;=u&wmvJ / 'g[m w&m;awmfeJ@rnDbl; r[kwfvm;?
“vlxkawGukd ulnDjcif;tm;jzihfolwkd@&J@ ukd,fxlukd,fxvkyif ef;pDrHcsufawGeJ@yJ olwkd@ukd wdk;wufatmifraqmif&GufEkdif
bl;vm; ?”
tajzuawmh 'DvkdcsOf;uyfr_awGu vuf&SdzdESdyfcHae&wJh tajctaeukd jiif;y,faew,f? vlxktm%mtzGJ@tpnf;
awGukdvnf; b,fvkdrS ay:aygufvmaprSm r[kwfbl;/ 'DtcsuftvufawGukd zHk;uG,fzkd@yJjzpfw,f?
t+rJwrf;vkdvkdtzdESdyfcHawG[m vl@tzGJ@tpnf;&J h tpGef;a&mufaeolawG/ vl@tzGJ@tpnf;u tusOf;uscHae&olawG/
typfy,fcHae&olawGtjzpf t+rJtqufqH cHae=u&w,f? oem;p&mawG/ u,fwif&rJholawG/ zdESdyfolawGu vufcH
avmufwJh taetxm;rsKd; jyefvnfðypkysKd;axmif&rJholawGvkd@vJ jrif=uw,f? 'ga=umifhrkd@ zdESdyfolawG&J@ t}udKufqHk; ud&d,m
awGuawmh vlr_0efxrf;awG/ vltiftm;ae&mcsxm;a&;eJ@ toufarG;0rf;r_oifwef;awG/ aemufqHk;xGufayguf&mS wJh taeeJ@
pdwf"gwfa&;&mckdv_Hr_eJ@ pm&dwWðyjyifa&;ausmif;awGyJjzpfw,f?
'DvkyfaqmifcsufawGtay: jiif;qefwJholawGukdawmh a=u;pm;awG/ pD;yGm;zsufolawG/ pyg;ar$;pl; olawG/
usL;ausmfolawG tjzpfoGm;ykwfavvGifh ajymqkd=uw,f? pnf; ±Hk;a&;orm;wa,mufuvnf; 'Dvkdowif;ykd@cJhygw,f?
“vlr_zlvHka&;XmeeJ@ tvm;wl yk*~vdutoif;rsm;pGm;[m usaemha'oxJrSm tcsdef=umjrihfpGmuwnf;u
&SdcJh ygw,f? 'gayrJh bmrS rajymif;vJEkdifcJhygbl;? vlxkawGrSmawmh temawG/ zsm;emr_awG[m t+rJwrf;vkdvkd
jzpfaew,f? bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh 'Dòr@rSm tnpfta=u;pGef@pepf awGr&Sdbl;/ a&ukdvnf; zlzlvHkvHk
rvmEkdifbl;? ”vkd@ pnf; ±Hk;a&;rª;u 'Dvkdqufjyefao;w,f?
“wcsdefxJrSmyJ vlxkawG òr@rSm aexkdifwJhvlawG twGuf rjzpfraeay;aqmif&rJh tcGefaiGukdawmh ay;aqmif
ae=u&jyefw,f? olwkd@0,f,lcJhwJh ukefypPnfwkdif;rSm wefzkd;&J@ ig;yHkwyHkpm oG,f0kdufaomenf;tm;jzifh tcGef
tjzpf ay;aqmifae=u&w,f?”
“tdrfaxmifpkwpkrSm wae@ yDqkd 10 oHk;,if 2 ydqkd[m tpkd;&twGuf tcGeftjzpf oHk;pGJrdvsufom;
jzpfaew,fqkdwm olwkd@ukd,fwkdif rod=u&Smzl;/ wu,fawmh 'DaiGawG[m a&E_wfajrmif;awG/ bHkykdifacgif;awG
jzpfoifhygw,f?”
'Djy\emawGukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;jcif;enf;rSm tckvkdzHk;uG,faewJh zdESdyfr_awGukd odjrifvm+yD;awmh olwkd@
tcGefay;aqmif ae&w,f/ 'ga=umifhrkd@ olwkd@'DtcGifhta&;awG &oifhw,fqkdwm vlxktaeeJ@ odjrifvmapzkd@yJ?
wcsKd@tzGJ@tpnf;wGuawmh 'Djy\emukd vlxkukd,fwkdif ukd,fxlukd,fxenf;vrf;awGeJ@ ajz&Sif;zkd@}udK;pm;=uw,f?
wu,fawmh tpdk;&taeeJ@ vkyf&rJh ae&mrSm vlxkukd,fwkdifu aiGukefcH/ tcsdefukefcH+yD; bmvkd@vkyf&rSmvJ ? wu,fvkd@
tpkd;&taeeJ@ ysufuGufcJh,if ºu,f0wJh vlawGu ukd,fxlukd,fx vkyf&rsmvm; ? tpkd;&&J@ wHcg;aygufukd a'go w}uD;eJ@
oGm;acguf &rSmvm; ?
bmjzpfvkd@ òr@awmfcef;ra&S•rSm vlpk+yD; a&eJ@ rdv†majrmif;awG twGuf/ bmjzpfvkd@ rawmif;qkd&rSmvJ ? zdESdyfolawGukd
'DvkdyJ xdrfwkduf&ifqkdif=u&rSmyJ? tu,fI zdESdyfolawGu vlxkeJ@ uif;uGmae,if olwkd@u a=umufp&m tm%m&SdwJholawG/
wefcdk;&SdwJholawG tjzpf &Sdae=uvdrfhr,f? vlxku 'DvkdrsKd;w}udrfavmuf w&m;wJhawmif;qkdcsufawGeJ@ xdrfwkduf&ifqkdifc, Jh if
olwkd@[m olwkd@ tm;enf;csufukd odvm=uvdrfhr,f? olwkd@&J@ rsufESmzHk;[mvnf; uGmusvmvdrfhr,f?
'DvkdrsKd;jy\emukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;enf;rSm vkyfaqmif&rSmawGuawmh vlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_eJ@
jyifqifr_rsm;/ Oyrm? oifhavsmfaom awmif;qkdcsufrsm;ukd qHk;jzwfjcif;/ enf;y&d,m,frsm;csrSwfjcif;/ jzpfEkdifaom
tvm;tvmrsm;ukd wGufqjcif;/ tp&SdwJh }udKwifjyifqifr_awG[m ykdrkdxda&mufapw,f? oGm;a&;vma&;twGuf
pDpOfay;jcif; pojzifhjzpfw,f? vlxkyg0ifaqmif&Gufr_&J@ t"dy`g,fuawmh olwkd@&ifqkdifae&wJh bHkjy\emw&yfukd tajz
wGufwJhae&mrSm olwkd@ukd,fwkdif yg0ifapjcif;yJjzpfw,f?

3
jy\ema=umufjcif;
jy\emxdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;jcif;enf;[m t"du±k%f;rsm;jzpfatmif v_H@aqmfjcif;/ xdrfrEkdifodrfr& t"dy`g,frJh
t=urf;zufr_rsm; jzpfatmifv_H@aqmfwmrsKd;r[kwfb;l ? ol&J@t"dy`g,fu xdyfwkdufajz&Sif;jcif;enf;tm;jzifh jy\emrsm;ukd
!d‡E_dif; aqG;aEG;wJh pm;yGJay:a&mufap+yD; oabmwlnDcsuftajzxkwfzdk@ yJjzpfw,f? wdwdususajy&,if 'Denf;eJ@ vlxktusKd;
pDyGm;ukd qHk;jzwfzkd@yJjzpfw,f? ta&;}ud;wJhtcsufwcsufukd owdxm;zkd@uawmh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;[m jy\emawGukd pwif
zefwD;zkd@ r[kwfyJ &SdwJh jy\emawGxJuae vkyif ef;pwifz@kd yJjzpfw,f? tcsKd@jy\emawG [m rxifr&Sm; &Sdae wwfw,f?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;&J@wm0efuawmh 'Djy\emawGukd vlxkjrifuGif;xJcsjy+yD; tajzxkwfzkd@yJjzpfw,f? jy\em xdyfwkduf ajz&Sif;jcif;
enf;emuawmh zdESdyfaewJhjzpf&yfrSefawGukd rsufESmzHk;cGmcs+yD;awmh vlqif;&JawG@eJ@ zdESdyfolawGukd xdyfwkduf qHkawG@ ay;zkd@yJ
jzpfw,f?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;qkdwm b,fawmhrS jy\emukd ra=umuf&ygbl;? tawG@t}uHK&SdwJhpnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awGtaeeJ@uawmh
xdyfwkduf &ifqkdifajz&Sif;aewJ@ tajctaerSm zdESdyfcH&olawG[m odrfi,faer_awG aysuf+yD; tm%m&Sdvmw,f(okd@) tiftm;
&Sdvmw,fqkdwmukd tvkdvkd odaewwfw,f? tvkyform; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdowif;ykd@cJhygw,f?
“oydwfwckrSmrefae*smu &JawGukdac:vkdufw,f? &Jrª;u tvkyform; vlxk&J@a&S@rSm&yf+yD; vkyfief;cGif
jyef0ifzkd@eJ@ r0if,if zrf;r,fqkd+yD; +cdrf;ajcmufw,f? wa,mufrS r&$ h =ubl;? tmcHzkd@eJ@ qufvuf&ifqkdif
zkd@ tm;vHk;u qHk;jzwf=uw,f? vGefcJhwJh tygwfwkef;uawmh 'DvlawG[m olwkd@&J@ tvkyfcGifukd r0ifcif
t&ufaomufzkd@eJ@ trsKd;orD;awGukd aemufzkd@ajymifzkd@yJod=uw,f? tckta&;tcif;rSmawmh vHk;vHk;}uD;
ukd jcm;em;ae=uw,f?”
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf&J@ wm0efuawmh 'Dvkdjy\emxdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;enf;eJ@ ajyma&;qkdcGifh tcGifhtvrf;awG &&Sd
vm,Hk zefwD;ay;jcif;omr[kwfyJ ckdifrmwJh tajzwck&&Sdvmatmifyg &nf&G,fxm;&r,f? jy\emqkdwm a&SmifvJ$vkd@r&bl;/
'gayr,fh 'g[mvnf; vkdvm;tyfwJh tukokdvfqkd;wckr[kwfjyefbl;? 'g[m taumif;qHk;avhusifha&;ausmif;wckvnf;
jzpfw,f? tm&Swkdufu bmoma&;tzGJ@wcku jy\emeJ@ ygwfouf+yD; 'DvkdajymcJhjyefw,f?
“tusKd;pD;yGm;awG òyifqkdifae=uwJhae&mwkdif;rSm jy\emqkdwm t+rJwrf;&Sdaewwfw,f? vlr_a&;
vkyfief;wkdif;rSm rvJ$ra&Smifom yJ jy\emeJ@}uHKawG@&wwfw,f? usaemfwkd@taeeJ@uawmh tcsuf
(2) csufukd tav;ay; az:jyoifhygw,f? (1) jy\emwkdif;rSm t=urf;zufp&mrvkdtyfygbl;?
tvm;wlyJ w&m;awmfukdvnf; qef@usifzkd@ rvkdtyf ygbl;? (2) jy\emwkdif;rSm vlxkeJ@ tkyfcsKyfoleJ@
ppfrSefwJ@ aqG;aEG;r_&zkd@ rvJGraoG vkdtyfygw,f? vlqif;&J wGtzkd@ olwkd@a=umuf&GH@ae=uor# c,
0yfwGm; ae=uor# 'DtcGifhta&;ukd &&Sd=urSm r[kwfbl;? 'DvkdrsufESmcsif;qdkif aqG;aEG;jcif;tm;jzifh
bHkaumif;usKd;pD;yGm;ukd &SmazGEdkif+yD; ol@&J@orkdif;/ ol@&J@ OD;wnfcsuf twGufolukd,fwkdif vGyfvyfwJh
vlxktzGJ@tpnf;wckukd wnfaqmufEkdifygvdrfhr,f? ”

u? tzdESdyfcHrsm;onf rdrw
d kd@ ukd,fukd rdrdwkd@txifao;=u+yD; rdrdwkd@ ukd,fwkdif qHk;jzwfcsufcs&ef r0Hh&J jzpf=uonf?

wcgw&H=um;&ygvdrfhrnf? “ usaemfwkd@[m qif;&Jygw,f? usaemfwkd@[m bmrSvJ rwwfygbl;? ulnDrJholvJ

r&Sd=uygbl;?” ,QKuJhokd@ rdrdukd,fukd tjypfwifr_rsKd;ukd }uHK=u&wwfonf? TonfrSm tz}uD;pkd;aom0g' tpOf
v$rf;rkd;cHcJh&r_ESifh tpOfwpkdufcHpm;cJh=u&aom zdESdyfr_rsm;&vm'fyifjzpfonf? wcgw&H ‚wkd@cHpm;ae&aom cHpm;csufrsm;rS
awmif;qkdcsufrsm; xGufay:vm=uonf/ okd@aomfvnf;enf;vrf;rrSefacs? Oyrmtm;jzifh zsufqD;cH&awmhrnfh
usL;ausmf&yfuGufrS acgif;aqmif wOD;u “usaemfvl;0pfwm±k (,Qifolykef;acgif;aqmif/ ,QKtpkd;&xJwGif tvkyfvkyfaeol)
xJoGm;r,f/ oluawmh wckckulnDEdkifrSmyg” [kajymonf? tu,fI TuJhokd@acgif;aqmifwOD;wnf; oGm;ajymyguvnf;
bmr#jzpfvmrnfr[kwfay? wcgw&H tvkyform;or*~tzGJ@0ifrsm;vnf; nnf;!L;wwf=uonf? “ bmjzpfvkd@ usaemfwkd@
or*~t}uD;eJ@ aygif;=urvJAsm/ bmjzpfvkd@ emr,f}uD;a&S@aeawGeJ@ aygif;=urvJ/ usaemfwkd@uawmh vlraJG wGyJ[m” pojzifh?
vlr_ynma&;orm; ay:vkdz&DvDu ,QKvkd owdxm;rdcJhonf? aus;vufwGifðyvkyfaom ouf}uD;ynmay;oifwef;
wckwGif jzpfonf? z&DvDu pwif aqG;aEG;+yD;aemuf vlxkuvnf; pdwfyg0ifpm;pGmem;axmif+yD;aemuf olwkd@tjrifrsm;ukd
olwkd@yGifhvif;vm=uonf? v,form;wOD;u x&yf+yD; tm;vHk;=um;atmifajymvkdufonf?
“q&mz&DvD/ usaemfwkd@pum;ajymwm tm;vHk;&yf+yD; q&majymwmyJem;axmifawmhr,f? cifAsm;uwuUokdvfu ygarmuQyJ/
usaemfwkd@uawmh bmrSodwmr[kwfbl;”

4
 wu,fawmh vlxk. vufxJwGif olwkd@. jy\emrsm;ukd olwkd@ukd,fwkdif ajz&Sif;&ef tiftm;rsm;&Sdaejcif;ukd
olwkd@rod=ujcif;jzpfonf? olwkd@wGif A[kokwrsm;pGm&Sdaeonfukd rjrif=ujcif;jzpfonf?
u,fq,fa&;pDrHcsufrsm; (txl;ojzifh ‚awGukd zdESdyfolrsm;u axmufyHhonf) rSm txl;ojzifh vlqif;&Jrsm;ukd
rdrdukd,fukd oem;p&mrsm;jzpfvmatif/ rdrdwkd@rSm t+rJwrf;rSDckdolrsm;jzpfaeatmif wGef;ykd@ay;&musonf? wcgw&H
vlr_zlvHka&;vkyfief;rsm;rSm TtajctaeuJhokd@ yifjzpfaewwfonf? vlxkukd rsufESmvkdrsufESm& zm;&aom tavhtusifh
rsm;ukd ay;onf? wcgw&H qif;&Jaom tartkdwa,mufonf aq;0g;tenf;i,f &&eftvkd@iSm; vlr_u,fq,fa&;
aq;cef;ukdoGm;onf? xkdtcg qkawmif;jcif; bmoma&; tpOfwuf&onf? xkdaq;vHk;tenf;i,ftwGuf rdrdukd,fukd
oem;p&mozG,f jzpfvm&onf?
xkd@a=umifh tzdESdyfcHrsm;rSm tpOD;ykdif;wGif olwkd@ukd zdESdyfolrsm;ukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdif&ef 0efav;onfukd awG@}uHK&rnf?
TonfrSm rdrdukd,fukd ,Hk=unfcsufavsmhenf;jcif;ESihf jzpfEkdifaom t&mtm;vHk;ukd pnf;&Hk;a&;rª;xHwGifom tm;ukd;
yHktyfxm; vkd=uonf? “jyifyrSvmaomwOD;ukd”olwkd@b0jy\emrsm; ajz&Sif;&efvkdvm;=uonf?
pnf;&Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdazmfjyygw,f?
“usaemfwkd@wu,f xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_rvkyf=ucif usaemfwkd@tprf;avhusifhr_ (2) cgvkyf=uygw,f? 'gayr,fh
wu,fhwu,f ±Hk;vJa&mufa&m/ ±Hk;ut&m&SdeJ@awG@a&m / olwkd@yg;pyfawGydwfxm;=uygw,f? t&m&Sdu olwkd@ukd t*Fvdyfvkd
ajymygw,f? tJ'geJ@olwkd@tm;vHk;u usaemfzufvSnfhvm+yD; olwkd@ukd,fpm;!‡dE_dif;ay;zkd@ajymvmygw,f? okd@aomfvnf;
pnf;±Hk;rª; wa,mufrSm TuJhokd@ vlxktwGuf aqmif&Gufay;jcif;/ vlxktwGufqHk;jzwfjcif;ukda&Smif&rnf? olwkd@wGef@qkwf
ae=uvsif olwkd@ukd tm;ay;&ayrnf / v_H@aqmfay;&ayrnf? tu,fI olwkd@rjzpfvmrSmwm olwkd@ESifhtwl vdkufI
vufwGJum bmvkyfoifhonfukd&Sif;jyvkyfaqmif&ayrnf? okd@aomf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u olwkd@udpPukd rqHk;jzwfay;oifhay?
qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;onf ta&;}uD;aomvkyfief;jzpf+yD; trSm;trSef±_H;edrfhr_ukdvnf;wm0efcH&ef wm0ef&Sdayonf? qHk;jzwfcsufukd
olwkd@ukd,fwkdifcsap&rnfjzpf+yD; vlxkukd trSdtcdkuif;vGwfvmatmif &ifhusufvmatmifom ulnD&rnfjzpfonf? ”

c? zdESdyfcH&olrsm;onf ‚wkd@tcsif;csif;vJ zdESdyfwwfonf? rsm;pGmaom pnf;&Hk;a&;rª;rsm;rSm TudpPa=umifhyif pdwf"gwfus

oGm;=uonf?

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu ajymjyygw,f? “rnD!Gwfwm rajymaeygeJ@awmh/ olwkd@[m wae@wae@ wa,muf

twif; wa,mufajymae=uw,f? wa,mufeJ@wa,muf enf;enf;epfemwmeJ@ wkdufckduf=ujyefa&m / tcGifhta&;
enf;enf;&vmjyef&ifvJ tifrwefvkdcsif=uw,f/ 'gayr,fh t&m&SdawGeJ@awG@zkd@ wkdufyGJ0if=uzkd@awmh owdWr&Sd=uawmhbl;?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;tzkd@ TtawG@t}uHKrsKd;&Sd=urnfjzpfonf? tzdESdyfcHrsm;rSm zdESdyfolrsm;ukd a=umuf&$HG@=uaomfvnf;
tcsif;csif; vG,fulpGm t=urf;zufwwf=uonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkd&Sif;jyygw,f? “olwkd@[m i,fi,fav;
uwnf;u 'DvkdedrfhuswJhb0 qdk;&Gm;wJhae&mrSm aevm=uwJhtcg olwkd@rSm tusifhp±dkufawGvnf; ysufjym;+yD; ar#mfvifhcsuf
awGvnf; r&Sd=uawmhygbl;? olwkd@rSm tm;}uD;olom touf&SifwJhyHkpHrsKd;jzpfvmygawmhw,f? olwkd@rSm &efolukd rjrifEkdif
=u&Smbl;? od=u&ifawmifrS rwHk;jyef&J=ubl;/ olwkd@ a'goxGufaygufawGukd tcsif;csif;qDom vGwfay;vdkuf=uw,f?”

Framz Fanon (t,f*sD;&D;,ef pma&;q&m “pufqkwfp&majrurBm” a&;ol) u 'DvuQ%mukd “tvsm;vdkuf

t=urf;zufr_” ( The wretched of the ) vkd@trnfay;ygw,f? olajymwmu b,frSmjzpfjzpf tedrfcH& /
vl@tcGifhta&;/ oduQm edrfhus&olwa,muf[m tdrfjyefa&mufwJhtcg olrdef;rukd ±kdufawmhwmygyJ/ ol&J@oem;p&m
jzpfae&wJh b0ukd oltdrfeD;csif;awGukd apmfum;jcif;tmjzifh ol@tdrfomawGudk &ufpufjcif;tm;jzifh ol[m vlwa,muf
jzpfa=umif; jyygawmhw,f?
'gukd ðyjyifay;EkdifwJhenf;uawmh olwkd@&J@ rdrdwkd@tcsif;csif;t=urf;zufr_ukd jyifyu &efolqD vrf;!Gefay;zkd@ygyJ?
“olwkd@ukd vlcsrf;om&yfuGufukd vuf!_d;xkd;+yD;jy&ifawmh tm;vHk;u vufcH=uygw,f? ” tjcm;ðyjyifxdef;ausmif;EkdifwJh
vrf;u v_yf&Sm;r_wkdif;rSm jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ðyay;zkd@ygyJ? 'gayr,fh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufrr_ yg&if bmrSjzpfvmr,fr[kwfbl;?
tzGJ@tpnf;aumif;rsm;uawmh 'Dvkdtcsif;csif;t=urf;zufr_ avsmhenf;oGm;atmif vkyfEkdif=uygw,f?
wGef'kd a'orSm pnf;±Hk;a&; (2) ESpf0if+yD;wJhtcg (1970- 72) rSm q,fausmfouf r_;,pfaq;0g;udpPu r&Sdoavmuf
jzpfoGm;+yD; tcsif;csif; &efyGJ u ,cifuxuf enf;oGm;ygw,f? tar&duefrSmvnf;tvm;wlygyJ? (19970)ygwf0ef;usifrSm
vlrnf;&ufuGufawGrSm toif;tyif;zGJ@pnf;EkdifwJh a'ou ykd+yD;awmh t=urf;zufr_enf;ygw,f?

5
*? tzdESdyfcHrsm;onf wcgw&HtcGifhta&;orm;rsm;jzpf=uw,f? (wcsKd@ tzdESdyfcHvlxk)

tu,fI jy\emwckukd pwif&ifqkdif v_yf&Sm;=uonfESifh wòyifeuf jy\emtcsKd@jzpfvm&onf? acgif;aqmif

wOD;csif; (okd@) tzGJ@0ifwOD;onf yk*~dKvfa&;=oZm oabmrsKd;&vm=u+yD; vlxkudpP&yfrsm;ukd cef@cGJ&ef aiGa=u;vnf;
ukdifvm&onf? Tonfukd zdESdyfolu od&Sd+yD; ‚ukd vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_ESihf cGJjcm;Ekdif&ef vm'fxkd; rufvHk;ay;um aoG;cGJ&ef
}udK;pm;awmhonf?
wGef'kd vlxkpnf;±Hk;ESihf “wGef'dk urf;ajc zGH@òz;r_tm%mykdif ” rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;yGJwGif tpkd;&zufrS t&m&Sdrsm;u
vlxkzufrS “ormorwfusaomyk*~Kdvf ” ukd a&G;ay;yg[k qkdum rufvHk;rsm;tóufufrsm; aqmifjcif;jzifh vlxkukd
*kd%f;*%rsm; òyuGJvmatmif óu;pm;cJhonf? okd@aomf ratmifjrifcJhay? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS Ttajctaeukd tqufrjywf
=unfh+yD; vlxkukd zdESdyfolwkd@rS 0,f&ef óu;pm;jcif;ukd jiif;y,f&ef wkdufwGef;EkdifcJhonf?
TtcGifhta&;orm;tjzpfrS a&SmifusOfEkdif&ef pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufwGif oabmxm;rSef&ef vkdtyfovkd
vl@obm0 tm;enf;csufrsm;od&ef vkdtyfygonf? xkd@tjyif tzGJ@0ifESifh acgif;aqmifrsm; tcsif;csif; apmifh=unfhr_ ðyap&ef
vkdtyfonf? ‚tjyif tzdESdyfcHjynfoltoif;rsm; tcsif;csif;qufpyfay;&efvnf;vkdtyfonf? ,if;uJhokd@ wOD;ESihf wOD;
todtjrifrsm; zvS,fjcif;jzifh tjrifus,fvmaponf? vlxktwGif;wGif ukd,fusKd;om jrifr_ukd azsmufap&ef jyefvnf
oHk;oyfaom pnf;a0rsm;vnf; ðyay;&rnf?
wcsKd@olrsm;u Ttr_tusifhukd ajymif;ap&ef vlxkukd ynmay;jcif; / aqG;aEG;jcif;/ oifwef;rsm;jzifh ajymif;vJ&ef
óu;pm;avh&Sd=uonf? wu,fvufawG@ tawG@t}uHKESifh zdESdyfolrsmtay: qef@usifhonfhv_yf&Sm;r_ ukd ukd,fxdvufa&muf
yg0ifjcif;jzifhvnf; tzdESdyfcHrsm;. b0ukdyg ajymif;vJvmapygonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufuajymjyygw,f?
“ tpykdif;rSm u|efawmfpdwful;,Ofrdygw,f/ tJ'DrSm vlxk[m oem;p&m òyuGJvkd@/ tcsif;csif; uawmufuq
jzpfwmawG/ rormr_awG/ twif;tzsif;awGyJ pOf;pm;rdygw,f? r,foDv&ifawGu 'Da'oukdvm=u+yD;
tcsif;csif; nD!Gwf=uzkd@ arwWmxm;=uzkd@ awmif;yef=uygw,f? 'gayr,fhjzpfrvmygbl;? 'gayr,fh u|efawmfwkd@
vlxkukd v_H@aqmfr_+yD;wJhtcg awmif;yGJ wkdufyGJawG+yD;vkd@ a&ykdufqufoG,fr_&vm=uygw,f? 'Daemufykdif;rSm
tcsif;csif; twif;tzsif; odyfrajym=uawmhygbl;? tkyfpk&J@ atmifyJt G a=umif; ajymvmygw,f?
yl;aygif;aqmif&kGufr_ qufvkyf=uzkd@ eJ@ nD!Gwfwm b,favmufta&;}uD;a=umif; ajymvmygw,f? 'gayr,fh
'g[m c%wmyg/ 'Dawmh aemufxyfv_yf&Sm;eJ@ aemufxyfjy\emawGaz:xkwfzkd@ ta&;}uD; ygw,f?”

tcef;(3)

zdESdyfolrsm;

vlxkukd v_H@aqmfr_ v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;t+yD; rsm;r=umrDwGif zdESdyfolonf rnfoljzpfonfukd ±kyfzsufzHk;uG,fr&awmhyJ

vlxkrS bGm;bGm;}uD; odvm=uw,f? xkdokd@az:xkwfvkdufonfESifh wòyifeuf vlxk.awmif;qkdcsuf v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;wGif ol@tzkd@
xdckduf epfemvm&awmhonf? xkdtcg zdESdyfolonf vlxkukd vufeufrJhjzpfapjcif;tm;jzifh rdrdukd,fukd umuG,f&atmif
enf;y&d,m,frsKd;pHkoHk;awmhonf? atmufygwkd@onf oHk;avhoHk;x&Sdaom enf;y&d,m,frsm;jzpfonf?

u? zdESdyfolrsm;onf tpOfojzihf oem;=uifemwwfaompdwfaumif;&Sdoa,mif av;pm;zG,f&mjzpfatmif [efaqmif

=uonf?
olwkd@ zdESdyfcHrsm;rS awmfvSefjcif;rjzpf&tmif olukd,fol aeomxkdifom&Sdatmif tjypfwkd@ukd zHk;uG,fEkdifatmif t+rJ
[efaqmifavh&Sd=uw,f? xkdokd@ [efaqmifaumif;oa&G@ tzdESdyfcHwkd@tjrifrS oem;=uifemol}uD;jzpfoa,mif ormorwf
&Sdoa,mif w&m;0ifoa,mif [efaqmifxm;aomtcg a'gojzpf&ef ESifh &_;rdkufpGm wkdufckduf&ef rjzpfEkdifacs? tcsKd@olrsm;rSm
zdESdyfolrsm;u ajymor# ,Hk=unfum rdrdwkd@ zdESdyfcH&jcif;ukdyif aumif;oa,mif xifwwf=uonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu
'Dvkdajymygw,f? “ usaemfwkd@rSm aumif;wJhzdESdyfoleJ@ qkd;wJhzdESdyfolqkdjzifh tjyifyef;tm;jzifh ESpfrsKd;&Sdygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;
wa,muftjrifrSm aumif;wJhzdESdyfolqkdwmuawmh oltðytr_ tajymtqkd tvkyftukdif[m qkd;&Gm;vS+yD; zdESdyfolrSef;
odomygw,f? vlxkukdvnf; olwkd@bmukd wkdufckduf&rnfqkdwm vG,fulpGmodomEkdifygw,f?
6
 qdk;wJhzdESdyfoluawmh av;pm;p&m[efaqmif / csKdcsKdomomajym/ at;at;aq;aq;ae=uygw,f? olwkd@ a'goukd
rjy=uygbl;? t+rJ+yH;+yD; vlxkukd vufqGJE_wfqufzkd@vJ0efrav;ygbl;? ajymor#tav;wpkdufem;axmifw,f? ol
vkyfay;Ekdifwm uwday;w,f/ +yD;awmh “odw,fr[kwfvm; 'grsKd;qkdwm u tcsdef,l&ygw,f” qkd+yD; vlxku vufcsnf;
yvm jyefvm&wwfygw,f?
zdESdyfolawG oHk;avh&SdwJh enf;y&d,m,fwckuawmh vlxkukd aumfzDr_ef@awG csau|;+yD; vufeufcsapwmygyJ? oGm;wJh
tvkyform; ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@u OD;aqmifwkdufyGJ0if&r,fh olawGawmif awGa0oGm;wwfygw,f? olwkd@rSm ,QK vkd
{nfhcHr_ukd vufcH&rvm;/ 'grSr[kwf ±kdif;±kdif;pkdif;pkdif; wdkufcdkufwmukd avsmhcs&rvm; awGa0oGm;=uygw,f? ckvkd ysLysLiSmiSmeJ@
rmer&SdqufqHvkdufwJh tcg aemufqkwfvkdpdwfrsm; jzpfoGm;=uygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkd t}uHðy ygw,f?
“ 'Dvkdenf;y&d,m,fawGukd a&Smif&Sm;Edkifzkd@/ oGm;wJhukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ukd olwkd@xrif;bl; olwkd@
,loGm;=uzkd@/ t}uHay;ygw,f? olwkd@ u {nfhcHOD;r,fqkd&if (2) rsKd;vkyfEkdifygw,f? wu,fvkd@ vlxkawGu
xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifzkd@ tawG@t}uHK &Sd+yD;qkd&if wu,fvkdtpkd;&&Hk;Xmeu {nfhcHwmqkd&if “'g[m
igwkd@pm;cGifh&Sdw,f? 'g[m igwkd@aqmifxm;wJh tcGefjzpfw,f” qkd+yD; tcsif;csif;ajymzkd@ vkdygr,f?
'grSr[kwf pm;zkd@ roifhawmfbl;qkd&ifawmh jiif;y,f+yD; ukd,fhawmif;qkdcsufyJ ukd,f awmif;Ekdifygw,f?
usaemfwkd@vkdwmu vkyftm;c ykdrsm;zkd@yg? oGm;&nfpm r[kwfygbl;? 'Dukdvmwm[m a&oG,fay;zkd@yg/
aumfzDtwGuf r[kwfygbl;” pojzifh oHk;Ekdifygw,f?
wcgw&H olwkd@ rkef@oGm;&nfpm ukdpm;+yD; rdrdwkd@tpm;ESifh uGmvSa=umif; vJ pum;em;xkd;
[moðyEkdifygw,f? wcgw&H zdESdyfolrsm;onf olwkd@udk,fukd av;pm;zG,f&maqmmifjcif;jzifh olwkd@ ukd
qef@usifvmrnfhab;rS xdef;xm; wwf=uonf? xkduJhokd@ zdESdyfolrsKd;ukd rdrdwkd@. w&m;r#waom
awmif;qkdcsufukd vkdufavsmay;&ef tmrcHcsufay;&ef oloduQmukd ajr‡mufyifhajym+yD; awmif;Ekdifonf?”
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymygw,f?
“ òrd@wòrd@u ®r@awmf0ef[m olukd,fol rsKd;cspfyk*~dKvfqkd+yD; tJ'DoduQmukd odyfxdef;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh ol[m
*syef usL;ausmfumvwkef;u *syefeJ@aygif;vkyfcJhygw,f? 'gukd olzHk;uG,fvkdygw,f? 'gayr,fh ajrykdifcGifh
&zkd@ vlxku av#mufxm;wJhtcg vlxkukdray;yJ tar&du ukefonf}uD;wOD;ukd ay;vkdufygw,f? cifAsm;
zdvpfykdifjynfukd EkdifiHjcm;om;xH a&mif;rvkd@vm;/ cifAsm[m zdvpfykdifjynfolrdom;pk (400)
twGufvm;/ tar&du wOD;twGufvm;/ okd@aomfvnf; olu tar&du ukefonfeJ@pDyGm;pyfwl
vkyfxm;ygw,f? aemufykdif;rSmawmh olu ajrukd jyefodrf;zkd@ vufrSwfxkd;ay;vkduf&ygawmh w,f?”

tu,fI zdESdyfolu ol@*k%foduQmukd zdESdyfcH&olawG a&S@rSm *&krpdkufbl; qkd&ifawmh xyf+yD; zdtm;ay;Ekdifovkd/

ol@ukd t&Suf&apEkdifygw,f? ol@ukd ol@rdom;pka&S•/ ol@rdwfaqGrsm;eJ@ ol@uav;awG a&S•/ ol@pD;yGm;a&;0ef;usifa&S•/
ol@tdrfeD;em;csif;awGrSm t&Suf&atmif ðy&ygr,f? wcgu puf±kH}uD;w±HkrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm olaX;u ‘vkyfief;cGifvHk+cHKa&;’
tmrcHay;zkd@ jiif;qefxm;ygw,f? okd@aomfvnf; ol@ukd,folawmh tEkynmtoif;em,u}uD;tjzpf odyf*k%f,lygw,f?
tEkynmeJ@ pmayqkay;wJhtoif;awGvJ axmifxm;ygw,f? 'geJ@ ol@&J@ vlrqefwJh vkyf&yfawGukd ol*k%f,lcsifwJh tEkynm
toif; tpnf;ta0;awGrSm jzef@a0ypfygw,f? 'geJ@ 'Dzdtm;awGa=umifh ol[mraqG;aEG;yJ raeEkdifatmif jzpfvm
&ygawmhw,f?
vltrsm;pku vlwa,mufukd ol@rdwfaqGawGa&S•rSm/ rdom;pka&S•rSm t&Suf&atmifðywm[m roifhawmfbl;vkd@
,lq=uygw,f? omrmeftm;jzifhawmh [kwfygw,f/ okd@aomf tvkyform;xk&J@ rdom;pkawG cHpm;ae&wmeJ@pm&if rajym
yavmufygbl;? +yD;awmh puf±kHolaX;}uD;qkd&if olvkyfor#[m w&m;0ifaewmrsKd;eJ@ jiif;y,fcJhwm=um+yD;jzpfygw,f?

c? zdESdyfolonf vlxkESifh qufqH&mwGif=um;cHxm;jcif;tm;jzifh a0;uGm;aeatmifxm;onf?

=um;cHqkdwmuawmh twGif;taa&;rª;awG/ ukr`%Da&S•aeawG/ wcgw&H bmoma&;bkef;}uD;awGyg jzpfwwfygw,f?

'gayr,fh wlnDwJhtcsufwckuawmh 'D=um;cHawGrSm qHk;jzwfcGifh bmrS r&Sdbl;qkdwmygyJ/ taumif;qHk;taetxm;uawmh
qufoG,fa&;vrf;a=umif;avmufygyJ? olwkd@wm0efuawmh vlxkukd a0;uGmatmif xm;zkd@ygyJ?
bmjzpfvkd@ zdESdyfolawG[m =um;cHvlawG oHk;=uovJ? wykdif;uawmh ol@taeeJ@ ol@&J@wefzkd;&SdwJh tcsdefawGavmuf
vlxkawGukd ta&;rxm;vkd@ygyJ? aemufwcku vlxkawGu enf;vrf;ruswJhaygufuJrG _ eJ@ t=urf;zufr_awGukd
a=umufvkd@ygyJ? aemufwckuwmh olwkd@ rw&m;vkyfxm;wmawGukd vlxkjyefqef@usifrSm a=umufw,f/ 'Dawmh vlxkeJ@
a0;uGmaeor# olwkd@[m ormorwfjzpfoa,mif/ tiftm;&Sdoa,mif [efaqmifEkdif=uw,f? vlxkawGu eD;uyfvmav
7
olwkd@tm;enf;csuf[m ykday:vGifvmavygyJ? zdESdyfol&J@ 'Dtðytr_ukd wkef@jyefzkd@&mrSm vlxku =um;cHvlukd uef@owf
ay;&ygw,f? =um;cHvl[m zdESdyfoleJ@ t+rJxdawG@ae&oljzpfygw,f? (Oyrm tm;jzihf twGif;a&;rª;ponf) olukd zdtm;
ay;jcif;tm;jzifh 'Duwqifh zdtm;[m zdESdyfolxHpD;qif;oGm;ygw,f? tu,fI =um;cHvlu zdESdyfoleJ@ wkduf±dkufrqufpyfbl;
qkd&if (Oyrm- tjcm;Xmersm) olqDu wqifh jzwfoef;+yD; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu =um;cHvlawGukd ukdifwG,fzkd@
'Dvkdt}uHKðyygw,f?
“ twGif;a&;rª;u ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ukd olaX;eJ@ay;awG@zkd@ jiif;ygw,f? acgif;aqmifyJ0ifzkd@ cGifhðyygw,f? usaemfwkd@
oabmwlcsifa,mifaqmifygw,f/ olu acgif;aqif0ifzkd@ wHcg;zGifhay;wmeJ@ wtkyfpkvHk;tjref0if=uygw,f? wcgw&H
olu ol@ t&m&Sdukd av;pm;r_ukd tvGJoHk;pm;ðy&ygw,f?”

*? zdESdyfolrsm;onf tpOfojzifh Oya'eJ@ trdeftm%mukd tultnD,lwwf=uonf?

ukefonf}uD;rsm;/ ajr&Sif}uD;rsm;/ tpkd;&t&m&Sd}ud;rsm;onf Oya'rsm;/ cHk&Hk;rsm; ta&;,la&;Xmersm;ukd

csKyfukdifcJhonf rS pI zdESdyfcH&olrsm;ukd TOya'rsm;twkdif; vkdufem=u&ef apckdif;onfrSm obm0yifjzpfonf? vlxkukd
enf;vrf;wus wifjy=u&ef/ w&m;xHk;wrf;rsm;ukdavhvm&ef/ ,Ofaus;r_ESifh AsL&kdua&pDenf;rsm;ukd oHk;I vlxkukdajymavh
&Sd=uonf? olwkd@onf Oya'pm&Gufrsm; aemufuG,fwGif ykef;atmif;aeavh&Sd=uonf? wcgw&H ‚if;.tESpfom&rsm;ukd
ypfy,f=uonf? vlxkudk AsL±kdua&pDenf;pepfxJu &Smapjcif;jzifh tcsdefqGJjcif;ESihf vSnfhpm;jcif;rsm;ðyEkdif=uonf?
“TOya'ESifh trdef@tm%m”qkdaom wvGJt,ltqrsm;ðyjyif&ef pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh Oya'ukd vufwvHk;jcm;
jzpfEkdifonfh enf;y&d,m,frsm;csrSwf&rnf? xkdenf;y&d,m,frsm;onf trsm;tm;jzifh zdESdyfolrsm;ukd [mojzpfap&rnf
jzpfonf? ‚tm;jzifh zdESdyfolukd udk,f&Sdefysufap+yD; rsufESmzHk;uGmusaprnfjzpfonf? vlxkwGif tm%mykdifrsm;tay:
,Hk=unfukd;uG,fpdwfavsmhyg;vmatmif vkyf&rnfjzpf+yD; rnfolu ocifjzpfa=umif; odvmap&rnfjzpfonf?
TuJhokd@ Oya'ESifh trdef@tm%mukd qkyfukdifajymqkdaejcif;jzifh zdESdyfcHae&aom vlxkxHrS tiftm;ukd
ukefoGm;atmif oHk;pGJ=urnfjzpfonf? ‚enf;ukd ‘yifaygifupm;enf;’ jrefrmvkd abmvDabmykwf=uonf [kqkdEkdifonf?
‚enf;y&d,m,frSm vlxkukd ±Hk; wck+yD;wck toGm;tjyefðyaeapjcif;tm;jzifh vlxktm; tm;ukefapjcif;yifjzpfonf?
Tenf;y&d,m,fukd wke@f jyef&efrSm zdESdyfolwOD;§ wzGJ@ukd taocsdef&G,fxm;+yD;/ wm;*ufukd rvGwfaapjcif;jzifh wm0ef&Sdol
wOD;wa,mufay:xGufvmatmif vkyf&rnfjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkd&Sif;jyygw,f?
“AsL&kdua&pDpepfxJu vlawG[m wu,fhwu,f b,folwm0ef&Sdw,fqkdwm odavh&Sd=uygw,f?
'Dawmh olwkd@xJu jzpfEkdifwJhypfrSwfwckukd a&G;+yD;zdtm; qufwkdufay;/ wm0ef&SdwJholu xGufrvm rcsif;
ukd,fawmif;qkdcsuf rjynfhrcsif; quf+cdrf;ajcmuf±HkygyJ? zdtm;ay;cH&wJhol[m olr[kwfv#ifvnf;
[kwfwJholukd olu quf+yD; zdtm;ay;&awmhrSmjzpfygw,f?”
tjcm; OyrmwckrSm “ *smrefoH±Hk;uae+yD; zdvpfykdiftpkd;&udk qdyfurf;zGH@®z;a&;twGuf aiGacs;iSm;
vkdufygw,f? tusKd;quf taeeJ@u usL;ausmftdrf,mawGukd zsuf&ygawmhr,f/ olwkd@u olwkd@ toHukd
=um;vkd=uygw,f/ bma=umifh ajymif;a&G@ckdif;&r,f qkdwmodvkd=uw,f/ oH±Hk;t&m&SdawGu olwkd@rSm
wm0ef&Sda=umif; jiif;=uygw,f? 'g[m *smreftpkd;&eJ@ zdvpfykdiftpkd;& t=um; jy\emvkd@yJqkdygw,f?
'gayr,fh vlxktaeeJ@u tpkd;&ESpfckvHk;Y xdawG@zkd@rjzpfEkdifyg/ 'ga=umifh &EkdifwmukdyJ zdtm;ay;r,fqkd+yD;
vkyf=uygw,f? 'guawmh oH&Hk;0efxrf;awGukdygyJ? atmifjrifygw,f? oH±Hk;uolwkd@ tpkd;&xH jyefar;&+yD;
*smreftpkd;&u tcsuftvufpkaqmif;a&;toif;wck apvGwf&ygawmhw,f? ”
wcgw&HwGif =um;cHvlukd zdtm;ay;aomenf;onf zrf;&cufaom/ cufcJaom ypfrSwfukd ay:xGufvmap wwfonf?

C? zdESdyfolrsm;onf tcGifhta&;a&m§jypf'%fyg vlxkukd jzef@cGJ&ef toHk;ðywwf=uonf?

zdESdyfolrsm;onf wcgw&H vlxkukdac|;odyf&ef oG,f0kdufaom enfrsm;ukd toHk;ðywwf=uonf? acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd

vmbfxkd;jcif;/ tultnDrsm;ay;jcif;/ ta&;ay: u,fq,fa&;/ axmufyHha&;toifponfhjzifh aoG;cGJwwf=uonf?
ac|;odyf=uonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh usL;ausmftdrf,mrsm;zsuf&ef tjcm;&yfuGufrS tvkyfvufrJhrsm;ukd vkyfcay;a0ckdif;apjcif;
8
rsKd;jzpfonf? ‚wkd@oHk;avh&Sdaom enf;rSm ‚wkd@tay: vlxku aus;Zl;aºu;wifaejcif;jzifh vlxku qef@usif&eftwGuf
rsufESmemp&m/ awGa0p&mjzpf&efyifjzpfonf?
wcgw&HwGif zdESdyfol. ay;aomtcGifhta&;onf ol@ukd jyefqef@usif&eftwGuf oHk;Ekdifonf? Tonf rkef@ay;aom
enf;onf a&&Snf ratmifjrifawmh aomtcg wkwfukd oHk;&awmhonf? Tokd@wkwfoHk;vm&onfESihf w®yifeuf ,cif
rsufESmzHk;vnf; uGmus&awmhonf?
tu,fI zdESdyfolrS +cdrf;ajcmuf±HkwGifruyJ tiftm;oHk;vmaomtcg rdrdzufrSvnf; wDxGifzefwD;xm;aom
enf;y&d,m,frsm;vnf; ta&;}uD;vmawmhonf? vlxktzkd@ tiftm;ukd tiftm;jzifh &ifqkdif&ef rjzpfEkdifacs/
&ifqkdif&efvnf; rvkdvm;=uay? olwkd@tzkd@ rdrdwkd@. pkpnf;nD!Gwfr_tay:rSmom tajccH=u&rnfjzpfayonf?
wkwfukdtoHk;ðy&efrSm Oya't&[k qkdum &ufpuf=urf;ñuwfaomwyfrsm;ukd toHk;ðy=uonf? t=urf;zufr_ukd
tpkd;&zufrSyif pwif=uawmhonf? xkdtcg vlxkukd ykdrkdckdif+rJapatmif wGe;f tm;ay;&rnfjzpfonf? w&m;0ifenf;vrf;ESifh
ðyjyifa&;enf;vrf;qkdonfrSm olwkd@tzkd@ toHk;r0ifawmha=umif;/ tuef@towfwckxdom toHk;ðyEkdifonfjzpfa=umif;
olwkd@. ukd,fawG@ oifcef;pm;rSm od&Sd=uap&rnfjzpfonf?

tcef;(4)

tajccHpnf;&Hk;a&; rlrsm;

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;kwa,muftaejzifh odxm;&rnfhtajccHpnf;±Hk;a&;rl (5) ck&Sdygonf? ‚wkd@ukd vlxktpnf;t±Hk;rsm;

pnf;±Hk;aqmif&Guf&efESifh zdESdyfolrsm;ukd &ifqkdifawG@&ef vkyif ef;rsm;wGif tajccH vrf;!GeftjzpfoHk;Ekdifygonf?
‚if;wkd@rSm-

1? zdESdyfa&;,EW&m;}uD;u tcGifhtvrf;rsm;ykdrkd&&Sdvmap+yD;/ vlxkudk tajccHrSpI ðyjyifajymif;vJEkdif&ef vkdtyfaom cJ,rf;

taxmuftulrsm;jzpfvmrnf?
2? enf;y&d,m,frsm;csyg? ‚onf tzdESdyfcHwkd@. tawG@t}uHKrsm;twGif;rS tajccH&rnfjzpf+yD; ‚onf zdESdyfolwkd@.
tawG@t}uHKtjyufzufrS (okd@) r}uHKbl;aom tawG@t}uHKjzpf&rnf?
3? vlxkonf ‚wkd@.twW okd@r[kwf ukd,fusLd; pD;yGm;ay:rS aeI a,bl,stm;jzifh v_yf&Sm;=uonf?
4? pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;tqifhqifhtaejzifh vG,ful/ &Sif;vif;/ a&wkdESifh yk*~dKvfa&;qkdif&m vkyfief;rsm;rS ykdrkd±_yfaxG;/ cufcJaom
a&&nf &nf&G,fcsuf/ acwfpepfqkdif&m jy\emrsm;okd@ ac:aqmifoGm;&rnf?
5? pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;em tqifhqifhukd jzwfoef;+yD;rS wqifh vlxkukd olwkd@. ukd,fykdifqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd ukd,fwkdif csrSwfap
&rnf?

Trl(5)csufukd atmufygtwkdif; (3) csuftjzpf twkdcsKyfEkdifonf?

1? vlxk&SdaewJh ae&mupwif
2? vlxk+yD;qHk;wJhae&mrSm wifr&yfaeygESifh
3? vlxkukd ukd,fwdkifqHk;jzwfygap

wckcsif;jyefavhvm=uygpkd@

1? zdESdyfa&;,EW&m;}uD;u tcGifhtvrf;rsm;ykdrkd&&Sdvm+yD; / vlxkudk tajccHrS pI ajymif;vJEkdif&ef axmufulay;vdrfhrnf?

yxrqHk;taejzifh zdESdyfa&;,EW&m;onf vlxkrsm;ukd zdESdyfaevdrfhrnf? wcgw&HwGif vlxktzkd@ em;vnfvmvdrfhrnf?

olwkd@tzkd@ olwkd@ yk*~dKvfa&;qkdif&m / wckcsif;jy\emrsm;twGuf em;vnfvmjcif;omjzpfrnf? +yD;awmh olwkd@ a'gojzpf&
aumif;rSef; odvm=uvdrfhrnf?

9
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdaxmufjyygw,f?
“usL;ausmftdrf,mjy\emawGeJ@ ywfouf+yD; ukdifwG,f&wJh toif;tyif;wcktaeeJ@ 'Dvkd az:jyEkdif
ygw,f? vlxkeJ@ tr_dufawG[m twlwlyJ/ olwkd@ukd twlwl ®r@jyeJ@a0;&mrS vmpGef@ypf pkyHk=uw,f?
(2)ckpvHk; =unfhraumif;bl;/ olwkd@ukd tjrpfuE_wf+yD; tckvkdjyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&; &yfuGufawGrSm
jyefae&m csxm;ay;wJh tcg / olwkd@taeeJ@ apwemtoif;eJ@ vlr_zlvHka&;toif;awGu apwemrygwJh
taxmuftyH &aumif;&r,f/ 'gukd t[kwf}uD;xifae=ur,f/ aus;Zl;wifae=ur,f/ zdESdyfolawG&J@
enf;y&d,m,fawGuawmh aemufausmukd"g;eJ@xkd;r,f/ +yD;awmh aq;±Hkwifay;wJh yHkpHygyJ? 'gayr,fh
vlxktaeeJ@ 'Dvkdqufpyfaer_awG/ 'DvkdzdESdyfcH&r_awGukd odaumif;rSm r[kwfbl;? olwkd@ yxrqHk;
podEkdifwmu zsufqD;a&;toif;awGuolwkd@usL;ausmftdrf,mawGukd =urf;=urf;wrf;wrf;zsufqD;wm
wcgw&H taxmuftyHhay;wJh vkyfom;awGu apmfum;ovkdjzpfwm / wckckawmhrSm;,Gif;ae+yD;qkdwm
'DavmufygyJ?
'kwd,taeeJ@ zdESdyfa&;,EW&m; 'grSr[kwf tpkd;& / toif;tyif;}uD;awGu vlxkukd olwkd@jznfhqD;ay;zkd@
pdwfqEN r&SdwJh uwdu0wfawG/ a=ujimcsufawGay;r,f/ ðyr,f ponfjzifh &Sdvdrfhr,f? usaemfwkd@
orRwukd,fwkdifawmif 1967 cku wGef'kd®r@ [mqkdqm wHwm;rSm vlxkawG ajrykdifcGifh&Sdr,fvkd@ rdef@cGef;
ay;cJh ygw,f? 'gayr,fh 1974 rSm vlxku olwkd@ tdrf,mawG zsufqD;cHcJh&ygw,f? 'gukd uwdawG
twkdif; jynfh0atmif aqmif&Gufay;zkd@ “rmvmueef;” ukd vlxkawGcsDwufawmif;qkdcJhygw,f? ®r@jy&J
tzGJ@awGu qENjyolawGukd 'Jvfyef wHwm; em;rSm ae@v,f aeyl}uD;atmufrSm &yfckdif;+yD; apmifhckdif;
xm;ygw,f? trnftkd}uD;wa,mufu aeyl'%fa=umifh arhvJ oGm;ygw,f? uav;awGu qmavmifvkd@
ikd=uygw,f/ r=unfh&ufp&myg/ trsKd;ord;wOD;u ajymygw,f/ “±kyfjrifoH=um;u ajymoGm;ygw,f/
tpkd;&taeeJ@ vlxk&J@ toHawGukd t+rJem;axmifaeygw,f/ tckod&yg+yD” qdk+yD;ajymoGm;ygw,f?
tpkd;&u ajrawGawmhay;vkdufygw,f? vlxkukdawmh r[kwfygbl;/ EkdifiHwum aumfykda&;&Sif; }uD;awGeJ@
puf±Hk}uD;awG aqmufzkd@ygyJ? vlxkawG b,fvkdqENjyjy orRw taeeJ@ ol@ &yfwnfcsuf jyvkdufwmygyJ?
zdESdyf,EW&m;awGuawmh olwkd@ uwdu0wfawGeJ@ quf&Sifoefaewwfygw,f? 'gukd olwkd@pum;eJ@
tvkyfnDrnD axmufjy+yD; ±kdufcsKd;&ygvdrfhr,f?
wwd,taeeJ@ 'DzdESdyfa&;,EW&m;}uD;&J h wkef@jyefay;r_tay: rlwnf+yD;vlxkdawGukd ykdrkdckdif+rJvmatmif
awG@}uHK&wJh rar#mfvifhwJh jzpfysufay: rlwnf+yD; pnf;±Hk;Ekdifygw,f/ 'Duaewqifh vlxkawGudk
ykdrkdemusnf;apygvdrfhr,f?
tpkd;&t&m&Sd}uD;awGu yHkrSeftm;jzifh qENjywJh usL;ausmtdrf,mu ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@awGudk =umjrifhpGm
apmifhckdif; wwfygw,f? 'DtawG@t}uHKukd rlwnf+yD; vlxkukd ykdrkdpnf;±Hk;r_ vkyfay;Ekdifygw,f? em&Dukd
=unfhckdif;yg/ b,fESpfem&DvJ ar;yg/ qm+yDvm;vkd@ar;yg/ b,folu aemufusaeovJ/ qkd+yD; vlxkukd
axmufjyckdif;w,f/ t&m&Sdukd jrefjrefvmckdif;zkd@ v_H@aqmfEkdifw,f? vlwcsKd@ukd twGif;a&;rª;xH xyfar;zkd@
taemuft,Sufay;zkd@ apvGwcf kdif;yg/ vlxkukd olwkd@&@Jtod Ekd;xvmapzkd@ v_H@aqmfEkdifwJh 'Dvkdtajc
tae trsm;}uD;&Sdygw,f?”
'Dae&mrS pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awGtaeeJ@ (2) ck oifcef;pm ,lEkdifygw,f? wckuawmh vlxkukd pnf;±Hk;csnf;uyfwJ@ae&mrSm
pmtkyfxJu twkdif; olwkd@ r}udKufwJh onftajctaeuae ajymif;zkd@ olwkd@ rodwJhacwf / pepf/ aemuf vlaer_ pepf wck
ponfjzifh raqG;aEG;rdapzkd@ygyJ/ bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh ,ck&SdaewJ@ zdESdyfr_tawG@t}uHKuae+yD; olwkd@&J@ a0;uGmvGef; em;vnfzkd@
cufao;vGef;wmygyJ? 'DtqifhrSm vlxkrSm ckdifvHkwJh ta=umif;jycsufa=umifh tajctaew&yfa=umifh a'goxGufvmr,f/
qef@usifzkd@ jzpfvmr,f qkd&if vHkavmufygw,f?
aemufwckuawmh vlxkukd wduswJh em;vnfEkdifwJh zdESdyfr_yHkpHukd &Sif;jyzkd@ygyJ? 'gukd pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;ukd,fwkdifu oabm
ayguf&r,f? 'gvJ rvHkavmufygbl;? vlxkyg oabmaygufatmif &Sif;jy&r,f/ zdESdyfr_xJu tpdwftykdif;wckukd vlxk
odjrifvm+yD; ykdrkd nD!Gwfckdifrmvmatmifvkyf&r,f/ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;a&m vlxkyg zdESdyfa&; ,EW&m;}uD;&J h tm;enf;csufukd od+yD;
'gukd xkd;ESufEkdifatmif oifcef;pm,l&r,f?

10
2? enf;y&d,m,frsm;csyg? ‚onf tzdESdyfcHrsm;. b0 tawG@t}uHKrsm; twGif;rS tajccHyg? ‚onf zdESdyfolwkd@ twGuf
r}uHKzl;aom tawG@t}uHK jzpf&rnf?

zdESdyfcH&olwkd@&J@ b0 tawG@t}uHKtwGif;rS

‚wGif tykdif;ESpfck&Sdygonf? wckrSm rdrdwkd@ tcsif;csif; qufoG,fa&;yifjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh

ol. tawG@t}uHKrsm;ukd &Sif;jyaejcif;tm;jzifh vlxktm; em;vnfaprnf r[kwfay/ ‚tpm; ‚tawG@t}uHKukd
vlxkukd,fwkdif &&Sdapatmif tajctaersm; zefwD;ay;oifhonf? xkdtcgrS vlxku ‚. ukd,fwkdif tawG@t}uHKrsm;xJrS
todtjrifukd ukd,fwkdifxkwfvkyf,lEkdifrnfjzpfonf?
Oyrmtm;jzifh tdrf,majymif;a&G@ae&mcsxm;ay;cH&rnfh &yfuGufrS vlxkrsm;ukd rnfokd@ rnfyHk 'kuQawG@rnf
xkd@a=umifh qef@usif&rnf[k ajymjyaernfhtpm; ‚rS vltcsKd@ukd tvmwl 'kuQ}uHKae&aom &yfuGufrsm;okd@ vnfywf
=unfh&_ apjcif;tm;jzifh ukd,fwkdifodjrifvmrnfjzpfonf/ 'kuQ tzHkzHkukd ukd,fwkdifodjrifvmrnfjzpf+yD; ‚wkd@ tdrfeD;em;csif;rsm;
ukdvnf; ‚rsufjrif tcsuftvuf rsm;ukd oufaocHEkdifrnfjzpfonf?
tvm;wl pnf;±Hk;a&;e,fopfrS vlxkrsm;ukd pnf;a0;rsm;usif;y&ef wkdufwGef;E_d;aqmfrnfhtpm; ykdrkdpnf;±Hk;a&;
tm;aumif; aome,fwGif tpnf;ta0;rsm; usif;y&mokd@ ukd,fwkdifwufa&mufapjcif;/ Oyrmtm;jzifh ppftkyfcsKyfa&;atmuf
wGif yif pnf;a0;rsm; vlxkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;usif;yjcif;/ a[majymaumif;olrsm; a[majym=ujcif; ponfh tawG@t}uHKrsm;ukd
&,lapoifhonf? xkdtawG@t}uHKrsm;&&Sdvmaomtcg olwkd@ a'owkd@ a&muf&Sdaomtcg pnf;a0; ra=umuf&ef pnf;a0;yGJ
ðy&ef olukd,fwkdif E_d;aqmfawmhonf?
wcgw&HwGif a'owckrS vlxkonf orRw. tarukd rdrdwkd@tm;ulnD&ef csn;f uyf&ef vkdvm;=uonf
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; u Tenf;tm;jzifh tusKd;rrsm;Ekdifa=umif; wkdufwGef;rnf/ Tokd@TyHktusKd;&Sdrnf r&Sdrnfukd jiif;cHk =um&Snf
ae=urnfh tpm; olukd,fwkdif orRwtarESifh awG@qHkEkdifatmif tcsdef;tcsuf ukd pDpOfay;oifhonf? olwkd@ orRw tartdrf
oGm;=urnf? olru xkdtcsdefwGif rmausmuf zJ upm;aernf/ olwkd@ bmta=umif;a=umifh vonfukd r&Sif;jy&ao;rDrSmyif
orRw taru vHkv0d&d,&Sdzkd@ vkda=umif; rdom;pk pdrHudef; ynma&;pepfukd jrifhwifzkd@ pojzifh =o0g' rsKd;pHkukd
ay;vkdufonfukdom awG@}uHK&ayvdrfhrnf?
Tae&mwGif pum;wckukd ukd;um;vkdayonf? “ tawG@t}uHKonf pum;vHk;waomif;xuf wefzkd;&Sdonf”
[kjzpfonf? tjcm;tykdif;wckrSm enf;y&d,m,fESifh ywfoufI jzpfonf? vlxktaejzifh rdrdwkd@ESifh pdrf;vGef;aom
tvkyfwckukd pGef@pm;&rSm 0efav;wwf=uonf? vlxktzkd@ or±kd;us vkyfief;rsm;udkom vkyfvkd=u+yD; rodao;onfrsm;ukd
a=umuf&GH@=uonf? xkd@a=umifh vkyfief;pOfopfrsm; csrSwf&mwGif olwkd@ESifh wpHkw&m&if;ESD;aom u|rf;0ifaom tvkyfrsm;
jzpf&ayrnf? okd@aomf vSnfhuGuftopfwck aygif;pyfay;Ekdifygu ykdaumif;rnf? tjrifopf &nfrSef;csufopf tawG@t}uHKopf
rsm;jzifh ,cif tawG@t}uHKrsm;ukd xyfqifhwkd;yGm;ap&rnfjzpfonf ?
wGef'kd&Sd jynfolrsm;taejzifh olwkd@ ajr,mtwGuf v_yf&Sm;r_ukd ulnDyg&ef omoemtykdifcsKyfxH toem;cHv$m
w&yf ukd c&pfprwft}udK nv,fyJGwGif wifoGif;vkd=uonf? TwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u jynfolawG tawG@ t}uHK =um;rS yif
pwif vdkufonf? nvnfpk±Hk;yGJrSm &kd;&m"avhyJjG zpfonf/ topfjzpfonfuawmh ‚&kd;&m"avh ESifh oklwkd@ajr,mtwGuf
v_yf&Sm;r_ aygif;pyfjcif;jzpfonf?
vlrsm;taejzifhnaewkdif;wGif pk±Hk;xkdifavh&Sd=uI tvmyovmy ajym=uavh&o Sd nf? ‚tvm;wl olwkd@ taejzifh
&efol. &Hk;uEMMm;wGifðyvkyfEkdif=uonf? tu,fI &efoltaejzifh awG@zkd@jiif;qefygu taemuft,Sufjzpfapjcif;tm;jzihf
rawG@ raeEkdifatmifjzpfatmifzefwD;&rnf? ‚tjyif 0goemyg&m yGJvrf;rsm;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_azsmfajzyGJrsm;wGifvnf; EkdifiHa&;
oabmrsKd; rdwfqufay;jcif;jzifh pwifEkdifonf? TwGif w&kyfjynf,Ofaus;r_ awmfvSefa&;yHkpHrsKd; twk,l&rnfjzpfonf?

zdESdyfol r}uHKzl;aom tawG@t}uHK jzpf&rnf?

zdESdyfolrsm;ESifh awG@qHk&mwGif ,Ofaus;aep&m odrfhar$@aep&m rvkdtyfay/ vlxk. vkyf&Sm;r_onf zdESdyfolrsm;tzkd@

pdwf±_yfaxG;ap&rnfjzpfonf? ol. tajctaeukd ysufjym;ap+yD; oltzkd@ jyefvnfwkef@jyefr_u vlxktwGuf aumif;usKd;&&Sd
aprnfrSm rkcsyif? v_yf&Sm;r_onf &efolrar#mfvifhxm;ovkdjzpfap&rnf? tu,fI &efol u aoG;at;at; at;wdat;puf
vkyfaeygu ‚ukd toHk;csI vlxkukd xyfv_yfaqmf ckdif+rJap&rnfjzpfonf? Ty&d,m,fukd oHk;jcif;tm;jzihf &efolukd
&,fzG,fjzpfap+yD; vlxkukd &,fyGJzGJ@apjcif;onftaumif;qHk; pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emyifjzpfonf? tu,fI &efolu vlxk.

11
enf;y&d,m,frsm;ukd avhvmEkdifonf? xkdtcg vlxku wqifhjrifhaomenf;em/ y&d,m,fopfrsm; ajymif;vJ=u&rnf?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;u onfvkdaz:jyygonf?
“ CAP (zdvpfykdifbdvfajrpuf&Hk;toif;) u tqifhedrfh bkwft&m&SdawGukd vlxkeJ@awG@zkd@ wa,muf+yD;
wa,muf apvGwfygonf/ usaemfwkd@ zdtm;ay;Ekdifor#u t&m&Sdi,fawGyJ/ usaemfwkd@ukd
jc,fvS,faeol tmrcHcsufay;oleJ@ rawG@Ekdifao;bl;/ wcgu t&m&Sdwa,mufu vlxkukd,fpm;vS,f
wkd@e@J awG@wHk; w,fvDzkef;u jrnfvmygw,f/ acgif;aqmif wa,mufu pum;ajymaewm&yf+yD;
w,fvDzkef; pum;ajymzkd@ jyifygw,f/
'DrSm t}uHwck &vmw,f/ bmjzpfvkd@ 'D CAP twGif; qufoG,fcGifhay;+yD; bmr[kwfwJhpum;awG
ajymcGifhðy &rSmvJ/ tck usaemfwkd@ &nf&G,fcsufu olwkd@ukd zdESdyf+yD; olwkd@&J@ vkyfief;ukd ysufapzkd@yJ/
'Dawmh olwkd@ zkef;vkdif;ukd aemuf,Suf=uygw,f? ”
aemufqHk;rSm aqG;aEG;zkd@ oabmwl=u&ygawmhw,f?

3? vlxkonf a,bl,s tm;jzifh ‚wkd@. tusKd;pD;yGm; tajccHay:rS pwifI v_yf&mS ;wwf=uonf?

'g[m toif;tyif;awG pwifzG@Jpnf;vm=uyHk trSefyJjzpfygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;u onfvkdjyefajymygw,f?

“usaemf[m tvkyform;or*~ wckrSm vkyfygw,f? 'Dor*~[m refae*smawG zdESdyfr_a=umifh tiftm;
wjznf;jznf; csnfheJ@vmygw,f? tvkyform;awG }uHKae&wJh t"du jy\emuawmh olwkd@
vlr_zlvHka&;/ &ykdifcGifh aiGawGukd vGefcJhwJh wESpfcGJavmufxJu refae*smawGu ray;cJhwmygyJ?
usaemfu vkyfom;awGukd 'Drefae*smawGukd qef@usifzkd@ v_H@aqmfygw,f? vkyfcJh+yD;awmh &p&m
&SdwmawGukd ray;wm[m b,favmufrw&m;ovJ qkdwm&Sif;jyygw,f? olwkd@ c%awmh pdwfqkd;=u+yD;
+yD;awmh cGifhvGwfvkduf=ujyefygw,f? “ rw&m;wmawmhrSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tck usaemf tvkyf
oGm;&tHk;r,f/ rtm;ao;bl;/ ” “usaemf taºu;awG qufzkd@aiG&Sm&tHk;r,f ” ponfjzifh ajymygw,f?
aemufr=umcif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu tvkyform;awG[m jyef&p&maiG yDqkd av;&mausmf
&Sda=umif; odvm&ygw,f? olu tvkyform;wOD;csif;ukd vdkufajymygw,f? “cifAsm;wkd@ yDqkd av;&m
vkdcsifvm;/ cifAsm;wkd@ vkyf&rSmu w&uftm;vHk; tvkyfrqif;,HkyJ/ usaemfwkd@ twlwl vkyf=ur,f? ”
r=umcifrSm tvkyform;oydwfwck jzpfvmygawmhw,f? ta=umif;uawmh olwkd@ yDqkd av;&m
vkdcsifygw,f/ r=umcifrSm olwkd@ aiGav;&m &vmygawmhw,f?”
'gukd jyefvnfoHk;oyf=u&if; vlxkawG[m olwkd@v_y&f Sm;r__&J@ tusKd;oufa&mufyHkudk em;vnfvmygawmhw,f?
tzdESdyfcHawG&J v_yf&Sm;r_[m olwkd@&J@ ukd,fusKd;pD;yGm;oufouf twGufom r[kwfyJ tzdESdyfcH w&yfvHk;&J@ tusKd;pD;yGm;
vGwfajrmufr_twGufqkdwm oabmaygufvmygvdrfhr,f? tpueOD;u olwkd@[m yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_ tawG@t}uHKeJeJyJ
&Sd=uygw,f? 'Dvkdenf;enf;yl;aygif;v_yf&Sm;rd=u&if; olwkd@twGuf wenf;wzHk tusKd;&Sdvmygw,f? aemufykdif;rSmawmh pnf;±kH
v_yf&Sm;=u&if; vlxk tpnf;t±Hk;awG[m rlawG tay:rSm bHktusKd;pD;yGm;tay:rSm nD!Gwfvm=uygawmhw,f?
pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;wOD;&J h vkyfaqmifcsuf[m tzdESdyfcHawG&J@ tusKd;pD;yGm;ukd olb,favmufxd ,Hk=unfw,f/
ar#mfvifhw,f tay:rSm rlwnfygw,f? wcgw&HrSm tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awG[m vlxt k ay: ol@pdwfqENt& qHk;jzwfcsuf csvJG
wmrsKd; &Sdwwfygw,f? pDrHudef;jyifqifr_ wckvkyfwkdif; pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;wa,muf[m atmufygar;cGef;awGukd ukd,fukd,fukd
t+rJwrf;jyefar;&ygvdrfhr,f?
“ tzdESdyfcHjynfolawG&J@ tusKd;pD;yGm;[m b,ftay:rSmrlwnfovJ” +yD;awmh wqufwnf;rSmyJ jy\em w&yf&yf
wkdif;rSm olb,fvkd &yfwnfovJ qkdwmygyJ?

12
4? vG,ful§ &Sif;vif;§a&wkd§yk*~dKvfa&;qkdi&f mjy\emrsm;rS wqifh ykdrkd±_yfaxG;§ cufcJ§a&&nf §acwfpepfqkdif&m
jy\emrsm; wkd;wufapjcif;

atmufygtwkdif;cGJjcrf;pdyfjzmI em;vnfEkdifonf?

u? vG,ful ±_yfaxG;

- tcsufvufrsm;pGmryg0if - qHk;jzwf&eftwGuf
- awmif;qkdcsufwcsuf(okd@) bufaygif;pHkjy\emaygif;pHk
2 - csufr#om - awmif;qkdcsufwGif vufcHEkdifaom
pDrHcsuftqihfrsm;yg0ifjcif;

c? wdus rwdus §qkyfudkif&efcufcJ

- Oyrm-jcifrsm;§a&rvkHavmufjcif;? - Oyrm -“pDrHudef;cs&mwGif

- vG,fulpGmodomEldif§qkyfudkifEldif? vlxk yg0ifaqmifEkdifr_ ”
- zdESdyfr_rsm;onf zHk;uG,faewwf+yD;
&SmazGawG@&efcufcJ

*? a&wdk a&&Snf

- jy\emukd &uftenf;i,f - jy\emrsm;onf vrsm;pGm

&ufowWygwftenf;i,fwGif;&Sifvif;Ekdif wcgwav ESpfrsm;pGmajz&Sif;&ef
- atmifjrif&efvG,ful =umjrifwwf
- a&&Snvf y_ &f Smr_}uD;rS atmifyGJ&&Sd

C? yk*~dKvfa&;qdkif&m acwfpepfqdkif&m

- tcGifhta&;tvGJoHk;pm;ðyol - pepfwckvHk;ukd wkdufckdufjcif;

wOD;a,mufukd wkdufckdufjcif; - Oyrm - ajr&Sifpepf
- Oyrm - OD; -----

a'oopfwckwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm; pwif&rnfh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;taejzifh atmufyg&Sif;vif;vG,fulaom

jy\em&yfrsm;jzihf pwifoifhonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh jcifxljcif;/ a&rvHkavmufjcif;/ a&&Sm;yg;jcif; ponfjzihf /
‚jy\emrsm;onf &Sif;vif;qkyfukdif&ef vG,fulonf/ wdusaz:jyEkdif+yD; ‚rS wqifhwdusaom awmif;qkdcsufrsm;
az:xkwfEkdifonf? OD;wnfcsuftaejzifh azmufjyefaom yk*~dKvfa&;qkdif&m wOD;wa,muf / Xmewckudk!GefjyEkdif+yD; atmifyGJ
vnf;vG,fulpGm &&dkEkdifonf?
tawG@t}uHK&Sdaom pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;aumiftaejzifh “ vufa0S@yGJq&m” wa,muftvm;wlpmG cufcJaom
jy\emrsm;/ &_yfaxG;aomjy\emrsm; rwkdufckdufcif vG,fulpGmwkdufckdufEkdifaom jy\emrsm;twGuf pDpOfay;Ekdifonf?
Oyrmtm;jzifh wGef'kdqdyfurf;&Sd v_yf&Sm;r_wGif vlxktzGJ@tpnf;i,frsm;rS wqifh ao;i,foaom/ wdusaom jy\emrsm;ukd
ajz&Sif;&if; a&&Snfv_yf&Sm;r_toGifjzifh E_dif;,SOfcsuft& &_yfaxG;aom usL;ausmfajr,m jy\emtxd vlxkukd qGJac:um
atmifyJu G kd ay;EkdifcJhonf? ueOD;wGif vG,fulaom toif;tyif;i,frsm; y&d,m,frsm; xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifjcif;jzifh ti,fwef;
tpkd;& t&m&Sdi,frsm;rS pwifcJh+yD; aemufykdif;wGif }uD;rm;aom vlxk v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; ykdrkdwkd;wufaom vlxkor*~rsm;
xdyfwkduf awG@r_rsm;ESihf zDvpfykdifAkdvfcsKyfrsm; urBmhb%f ponfjzifh tiftm;}uD;rsm;ESifh &ifqkdif&ef OD;aqmifEkdifcJhonf?
13
 Tenf;emukdypfy,fcJhr_a=umifh toif;tyif;rsm;pGm 0rf;enf;zG,fusqHk;cJh=uonfrSm owdðyzG,f&myifjzpfonf?

wGef'kdwGif yxrqHk;zGJ@pnf;cJhaom tapmqHk;toif;rsm;rSm ±_yfaxG;eufeJvSaom usL;ausmfajr,mjy\emrsm;ukd ukdifwG,f

ajz&Sif;&if; usqHk;cJh=u&onf? ‚jy\em&yfrSm ±_yfaxG;vGef;vS+yD; wpHkvHk;ukd em;vnfEkdif&ef cufcJjcif; / vlxkukd,fwkdif
em;rvnfaoma=umifh yl;aygif;yg0ifr_ usvmjcif;/ vlxkru|rf;0ifaom v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;jzifjcif;a=umifhyif usqHk;cJh=u&onf?
TtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS acgif;aqmifrsm;onf vlxktiftm;tay: ±_jrif&mY vspfv#L±_vGef;+yD; ajrykdif&Sifrsm; tpkd;&Xmersm;ukd
twkduftcHðy&mtm;vHk;Y ‚wkd@ wnf;wnf;om aqmif&Gufajz&Sif;jcif;rsm;ðycJh=uonf? aemufqHk;wGif ‚acgif;aqmifrsm;
onf av&[wf}uD;ab;rS 'GefuGD;Zkwf yrm vlxkaxmufcHr_r&SdjzpfcJh&onf?
tjcm;wzufwGif olwkd@'kuQawG@cJh=uonfrSm wkdufyGJwGif;rS xGufvmaomtzGJ@i,frsm; yl;aygif;I wdkufyGJwGif;rS
nDn$wf aoG;pnf;vmaom tiftm;}uD;rm;a=umufrufzG,f wdkufcdkufa&;tiftm;}uD;udk arG;xkwf&rnfhtpm; tiftm;
csdeJ@aom puULay:rSm oufoufomom&Sdaeaom tzGJ@i,frsm;ESifhom rnDr!GwfwkdufyGJpcJhaoma=umifhjzpfonf?
‚tjyif vkdtyfcsufrSm wpHkvHk;twGuf pnf;±Hk;a&;aoe*FAsL[mcsrSwfjcif;/ atmifyJiG ,frsm;tqifhqihfrSwqifh
vlxkukd rnfonfhae&mOD;aqmifoGm;rnfr&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf?
wGef'kdESifh tjcm;usL;ausmuf&yfuGufrsm;twGuf wpHkvHk;aoe*FAsL[mrSmajrykdifqkdifa&;yifjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;
acgif;aqmifrsm; taejzifh em;vnfxm;&rnfrSm vufawG@tajctaerS wqifh ajr,mjy\emukd rnfokd@ wdusaom
awmif;qkdcsuf OD;wnfcsuf&Sd&rnfukdyif / olwkd@ ,ckaexkdif&majrae&mukd vkdcsifovm;/ tjcm;ae&mwGif ae&mcsxm;jcif;ukd
vufcHrvm;/ 'grS[kwf ESpfckpvHk;vm; / ajrjy\emtwGuf ueOD;uyif aemufqHk;&nfrSef;csufukd csrSwfxm;=u&rnf
jzpfonf?
tvmwlyif aus;vufa'orsm;&Sd v,form;rsm;twGuf wpHkvHk;qkdif&m aoe*FAsL[mcs&mY cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm+yD;
v,form;tay:&Sd “pyg;xGufwkd;a&;pepf” ukd oHk;oyf&rnfjzpfonf? rsLd;aph/ "gwfajr=oZm/ ykd;owfaq;/ q,fajrmif;/
acs;aiG ponfjzihf tpkd;&xHrS xkwfvkyfr_ ykdrkdwkd;wufap&ef twGuf &vm=uonf? okd@aomf wu,fhwu,fhwGif v,form;
wOD;tzkd@ 0ifaiGrSm ykdrkdenf;vm=uonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh oHk;oyf&rnfrSm wpHkvHk;pepfwGif rnfonfwkd@ukd
ðyjyif&rnf/ rnfonfwkd@ukdz,fypfvsif v,form;wkd@b0wkd;wufrnfukd oHk;oyf=u&rnf? rsLd;pyg;aumif; §acs;aiGpepf§
pyg;0,f,la&;pepf ponfjzifhjzpfonf?
v_yf&Sm;r_tm;vHk;onf aemufqHk;wGif T “txGufwkd;pepf}uD;” ukd rnfokd@ajymif;vJrnfukd OD;wnf&rnf jzpfonf?

5? pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emtqifhqifhukd jzwfoef;+yD; vlxktm;ukd,fykdifqHk;jzwfcsufrsm; ukd,fwkdifcsrSwfapa&;

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm; vlxktpnf;t&Hk;rsm; zGJ@pnf;a&;tqifhqifhY t"duusaom tcef;u¾rS yg0ifayonf?

v_H@aqmfjcif;/ wkdufwGef;jcif;/ jiif;cHkjcif;/ t}uHay;jcif;/ wkdufyJGqifjcif;/ oHk;oyfjcif;/ pDrHudef;a&;qGJjcif; pojzifh jzpfonf?
okd@aomf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsmrS rvkyfoifhrvkyfxkdufonfrmS vlxktwGuf qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwfjcif;yifjzpfonf?
vlxkonf olwkd@twGuf qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd olwkd@ukd,fwkdifcsrSwf&rnfjzpfonf? TonfrSm enf;Oya'oyif
jzpfonf? (vlxkrSm zdESdyfcH&olrsm;jzpf+yD; olwkd@vGwfajrmufa&;ukd olwkd@ukd,fwkdif aqmifusOf;&rnfjzpfayonf?) TonfrSm
vufawG@vkyfaqmif&rnfyifjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;wa,mufonf wcsdefxJwGif vlxktm;vHk;ukd vufvSrf;rDSrnf
r[kwfay? olwkd@tm;vHk;ukdvnf;t}uHay;tkyfcsKyfEkdifrnfr[kwfay? tu,fI olwkd@ukd,fwkdifpdwfa&mukd,fyg qHk;jzwfcsuf
rsm; rcsor# qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;onf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;r&Sdv#if vufawG@taumiftxnfay:vmrnfr[kwf?
tcsKd@pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;onf olwkd@ukd axmufcHaom olwkd@ukd t}uHay;or# vkyfaom/ eD;pyfaom acgif;aqmiftcsKd@
pum;ukd ,Hk=unfum qHk;jzwfcsuftrSm;rsm; ðyrdwwf=uonf? vlxktzkd@ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csonfqkdaomvnf; trSefrSm
tenf;pku ,cifqHk;jzwfxm;csufwckukd axmufcHvkduf=u+yD;jzpfonf? ,if;onf 'Drdu k a&pDpepf pepfwckukd ysufacsmfacsmf
vkyfaomouJhokd@jzpfaomtðytrlomjzpfonf?
tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;onf qef@usifzuftpGef; trSm;wckukd usL;vGefrdwwf=ujyefonf? olwkd@onf
vlxkukd,fwkdif qHk;jzwfcsufcsa&; qkdonfukd “pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;xHrS tpysLd;r_ t}uHt^m%f/ pDpOf&Sdr_rygyJ tvdkvdk vlxku
xºuvmatmif apmifhqkdif;jcif;oufouf” enf;jzifh t"dy`g,fzGifh rdwwfjyefonf? tcsdefumv=umjrifhpGmuyif zdESdyfjcif;
tqufqufukd cHpm;vm=u&aomvlxktzkd@ wr[kwfcsif; enf;y&d,m,frsm; t}uHt^m%frsm; olwkd@vGwfajrmufa&;
v_yf&Sm;r_twGuf tpðyEkdifrnfr[kwfay? xkd@a=umifh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;vkdtyfjcif;jzpfonf? ol@tzkd@ pwifv_H@aqmf&rnfjzpf+yD;
vkdyftyfygu wtdrfwufqif;v_H@aqmf/ jy\em rJD;armif;xkd;jy/ enf;y&d,m,ft}uHðy pnf;a0;yGJrsm; pDpOf +yD;onfhaemufwGif
v_yf&Sm;r_rsm; tpysLd;zef;wD;vmEkdifrnfjzpfonf? okd@aomf oltzkd@ qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;ukd pDrHcef@cJcG Gifhr&Sday?
14
vlxkukd,fwkdif qHk;jzwfcsufcsykdifcGifhukd b,fvkdumuG,fxdef;odrf;=urvJ ? ?

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;tzkd@ wOD;csif;wOD;csif; rulnDaom enf;y&d,m,frsm;ukdt}uHðy&rnfjzpfonf? wOD;csif;ukd

wcsdefwGif ajym&rnf? okd@aomf wu,f tpnf;ta0;wGif olukd,fwdkif xif&Sm;pGm ryg0ifoifhay? olwkd@tzkd@ aemufqkH;
y&d,m,fudk udk,fwdkifqkH;jzwfap&rnfjzpfonf? wcgw&H tpnf;ta0;t+yD; &vm'fonf pnf;±Hk;a&;r_;. e*kdt}uHay;csuf
twdkif;r[kwf yJjzpfwwfonf/ vltrsLd;rsLd;pdwftaxGaxG awGjzpf&m &Snf=umaom aqG;aEG;yGJESifh pOf;pm;t}uHðy
aqG;aEG;csufrS Todk@ay: xGufvm&jcif;jzpfonf?
Tu¾ESifhywfoufI pnf;±Hk;a&;r_tqifhqifhwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;r_;rsm;onf "gwfulypPnf;ozG,f (=um;cHozG,f)aeoifh+yD;
cs,fvS,fol wa,muftjzpf r&Sdoifhay? pnf;±Hk;a&;r_;wa,mufu 'DvdkjznfhpGufygw,f?
“vlxkawG&J@ wDxGifzefwD;r_[m ajrvGmatmufua&eH awGvdkwdrfjrêyfaewwfygw,f/ 'g[mol@tvdkvdk
ray:xGufvmEldifbl;/ zdESdyfr_awGutv$mv$m txyfxyf zkH;tkyfxm;w,f? tjrifvGJrSm;r_awG/ orkdif;a&;/
vlr_taqmuftOD; tcuftcJawGu zHk;tkyfxm;w,f?
tjyifzufu pnf;±Hk;a&;orm; wa,muf&J@ wm0efu 'Dtwm;tqD;awGukd avsmhenf;atmif tpysKd;
ay;zkd@ygyJ? olwkd@ ukd owif;ay;jcif;/ t}uHay;jcif;enf;eJ@ ulnDEkdifygw,f? 'gayr,hf aemufqHk;&nfrSef;csuf
xm;&rSmuawmh olwkd@ ukd,fwkdif qHk;jzwfEkdifwJh t&nftcsif;/ wDxGifzefwD;r_ygyJ?
vlenf;enf;qkd&if tcsdef=umr,f? vlrsm;&if tcsdefjrefr,f/ 'DoabmygyJ? aemufqHk;rSm a&eH [may:xGuf
vmr,f 'gawmifrS 'g[m vlxkrSm&SdwJhpGrf;tm;&J@ w0ufavmufyJ&Sdao;w,fqkdwm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u
rSef;xm;&ygr,f?
ajr&Sifwykdif;pepfxJaewJh usaemfwkd@tzdk@ tm;enf;csufwck tvG,fjzpfvmwwfygw,f? tJ'guawmh
tm%m&Sifpepf atmufrSm a&&SnfaevmwJhtcg “bma=umifh” qkdwJh ar;cGef; rvkdyJ vkdyfukdif&wJh
"avha=umifh 'Dtusifh[m pnf;±Hk;a&;or; awGrSm pGJvmwwfygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf[m
vufatmufi,fom; pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;awG tay:rSm “oufrSwfcsuf csay;jcif;/ ta&twGuf
tpd&ifcHpmrsm;awmifqkdjcif;” pojzihf zdtm;ay;ovkdjzpfwwfygw,f? jyifyu 'Dvkdpnf;urf;owfrSwf
ay;wmrsKd; vHk;0a&Smif&Sm;&ygvdrfhr,f/ tqifhwkdif;rSm olwkd@ ukd,fwkdif aqG;aEG;/ &Sif;vif; oabmayguf
=u+yD; rS vkyfukdif ap&ygr,f? ”
'Denf;jzifh pnf;urf;[m twGif;rSm wnf+rJvmygvdrfhr,f?

tykdif; (2)

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;ESifh
pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emrsm;

tcef;(1)

pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;aumif;wa,muftwGuf tajccHt&nftcsif;

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftwGuf tajccHt&nftcsif;tcsKd@ r&Sdrjzpf vkdtyfygonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;wGif

oabmxm; rSef&efvkdtyfovkd/ pnf;±Hk;a&;pGrf;&nftajccH &Sd&efvnf; vkdtyfygonf? okd@aomf vlwkdif; vkyfief;tpykdif;wGif
r&SdEkdifay? vkyfief;twGif;rSyif oif=um;&ayr,f? oifwef;rS t&nftaoG;rsm;ukd wkd;wufzG@Hòz;atmif/ ikH@&_d;ae&mrS
ay:vmatif oifay;Ekdifonfjzpf+yD; tjcm;t&nftaoG;rsm;ukd ^m%f&Sdovkd oHk;oyfjcif;jzifh ay:aygufvmrnfjzpfonf?
atmufygtcef;wGif pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;twGuf tajccHt&nftcsif;rsm;ukd aqG;aEG;xm;+yD; ‚wkd@ukd vlpk&mwGif tajccH
pHtjzpf vnf; oHk;Ekdifygonf?

15
1? &kdaoukdif;±_dif;r_uif;rJhjcif; ( OyuQm0g')

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf &kdaoukdif;&_dif;r_r&Sd&[kqkd&mY bmukd qkdvkdygoenf?

usaemfwkd@ qkdvkdonfrSm ol@wGif "avhxHk;pH/ Oya'/ wefbkd; ponfwkd@onf jynfol@tusKd;ukd qef@usifvm&mY tvG,fwul
ypfy,fEkdif&rnfholjzpf&ygrnf? tm%mykdifrsm;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW,m; Oya'rsm;onf jynfol@tusKd;aqmif&ef jiif;y,f
vmaomtcg qef@usif&ef 0efrav;&rnfoljzpf&ygrnf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf bmwckudkrS &kdaoukdif;&_dkif;r_ r&Sdol
jzpf&ygrnf? qef@usifzuftm;jzifh jynfolESifh ‚wkd@. b0ukd ,Hk,Hk=unf=unf&kdaoukdif;&_dif;oljzpf&ygrnf? Oykofonf
vltwGufjzpf&ygrnf? OykoftwGuf vl rjzpf&yg?
'DvkdrsKd; ±kdaoukdif;&_dif;r_uif;rJ@jcif; b,fvkdpwifvmovJ
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh ‚. vkyfief;rsm;pwifonfESifh wòyifeuf ,cifu olukdifpGJxm;aom wefbkd;rsm;ESifh
yËdyuQ jzpfvmawmhonf? vspfvsL&_&ygawmhonf? ol. wefbkd;qkdif&m owfrSwfcsufrsm;onf olxkv_yf&Sm;r_twGif; vlxk
tusKd;pD;yGm;ESifh ,SOfvmaotcg ajymif;vJowfrSwf&awmhonf? toif;tyif;rsm;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;,EW,m;rsm;/
tm%mykdifrsm;ESifh twkduftcHp&awmhonf? wcgw&H pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;rsm;onf jzwfoef;&if;ESifhyif &ifhusufvm&
awmhonf?
“usaemfpnf;±Hk;a&;oifwef;tpykdif;umvrSmyJ jy\emi,fav; pwif}uHK&awmhw,f? usaemfwkd@tykdifu 3 OD;[m
tzrf;cH&+yD; axmifcscH&w,f? usaemfvJ tuGufawG@+yDqkd+yD; tJ'Drdom;pkukd v_H@aqmfpnf;±Hk;ygawmhw,f? usaemfwkd@u
bk&m;ausmif;aumfrwDukd ukd,fpm;vS,fwzGJ@v$wfygw,f? “EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;awGtwGufyg/” tJ'Dukd,fpm;vS,fawGukd
wa,muf yDqkd 50 ay;+yD; jyefv$wfvkdufygw,f? usaemfwkd@ odaewmuawmh bk&m;ausmif;u tJ'Dukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ukd
jrefjrefxGufoGm;apcsifwmygyJ? tJ'Drdom;pkawGuawmh olwkd@'DvkdqufqHcH&wmudk rauseyf=uygb;l ? olwkd@jyefcsif=uw,f?
aemufykdif;usaemfwkd@ od&wmu tJ'DaumfrwDu olwkd@bk&m;ausmif;utzrf;cH&olawGeJ@ tpnf;ta0;awG twGuf aiGukd
ykd+yD; oHk;pGJw,f/ qif;&JwJ@ rdom;pkawGqDu tzrf;cH&wJh EkdifiHa&;orm;awGtwGufusawmh aiGeJeJyJoHk;ygw,f?
usaemf awGa0&ygw,f?
tJ'DaumfrwDuvlawG[m usaemholi,fcsif;t&if;awGyg?
usaemf&nf&G,f&rSmawmh usaemfwkd@ bk&m;ausmif;/
tm%mykdifawGu usaemhtckoifwef;ukd aiGa=u;axmufyHolawG/
wywfavmuf usaemfrqHk;jzwfEkdifbl;? tckawmh 'Djy\em[m usaemhjy\emjzpfvmyg+yD? usaemf 'Djy\emukd
oifwef;u q&meJ@aqG;aEG;ygw,f? olu usaemhukd “&kdaoukdif;&_dif;r_rJjcif;(OyuQmw&m;)” ukd &Sif;jyygw,f? usaemfwkd@
bk&m;ausmif;ukd a0zefzkd@ a&SifvGJzkd@ rjzpfEkdifygbl;? usaemfwkd@&wmu aiGtenf;i,fyJ/ usaemfwkd@ &nf&G,fwmu wckvHk;
ðyjyifzkd@/ usaemfwkd@ opPmykd&Sd&rSmu jynfolygyJ? usaemhtwGufawmh qHk;jzwfcsuf[m jynfolawG vkdtyfvsufeJ@
qHk;jzwfygw,f/ +yDawmh usaemfwkd@pmwrf;wapmifa&;+yD; tJ'D aumfrwD&J@ cGJjcm;qufqHr_ukd a0zefvkdufygw,f?
wkdkufckdufvdkyfygw,f?”
tvm;wlpGmyif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf tzdESdyfcHrsm;tay:wGifvnf; OyuQmw&m;xm;&SdEkdifzkd@r#a0&ayrnf?
vlxktzGJ@tpnf;rsm; zGJ@pnf;+yD;aomtcg wcgw&H vlxkacgif;aqmifrsm;u zdESdyfolrsm;jzpfvmwwfonfukdawG@&Sd&ayrnf?
TtjzpftysufrsKd;onf wcgw&Htvkyform;or*~rsm;wGif awG@&wwfonf? wcgw&Hvkyfcwkd;a&; wkdufyGJrsm;wGif
atmufyGJ}uD;pGm&+yD;aemuf tcsKd@acgif;aqmifwkd@onf olwkd@aqmif&GufcJhr_/ twdwfu tjzpftysufrsm;arhum b0ifjrifhoGm;
wwf=uonf? vlxku Tacgif;aqmifrsm;ukdvnf; wzefjyefðzwfcs=ujyefonfukd awG@&Sd&ayrnf? pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;a&m/
zdESdyfcH vlxkrsm;yg vlxkukd zdESdyfol rnfolukd rqkd OyuQmw&m;xm;&SdEkdifatmifoif=um;&ayrnf? tm%m&Sifrsm;ukd &kdao
a=umuf&GH@pdwf aysufvmjzif;jzifh “wdwfqdwfaom,Ofaus;r_”vnf; tvkdvkdyaysufvmayvdrfhrnf? ,cifu a=umuf&GH@ae
=uaom vlxku zdESdyfolrsm;ukd qef@usif&aumif;rSef;odvmaomtcg atmifyGJ&zkd@ ra0;awmhay?

2? [oOm%f&Sdjcif;

tvm;wlpGmyif pdwfnpf!l;p&mrsm;a&Smif&SmEkdif+yD;/ vlxkukd pn;±Hk;Ekdif&efrSm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufY [o^m%f

&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf? t&m&mwkdif;tay: Oyrmtm;jzifh vlxk/ jy\em/ &efol/ aemufqHk;wOD;wa,muftay: umvtwkdif;
tqtvkduf [mo^m%f&Sd&Sdazmfjyjcif;jzifh vlxk}uD;. vGwfajrmufa&;v_yf&Sm;r_}uD;onf 0efxkwf0efykd;}uD;wcktjzpf
aqmif&Guf&jcif;rS a&Smif&Sm;Ekdifonf?

16
 ,if;okd@[o^m%fonf r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfonf? oltaumif;qHk;rnfr#aqmif&Guf&Guf/ ‚onf awmfvSefa&;wckvHk;.
wpdwfwykdif;jzpfa=umif;vnf;em;vnfxm;&ayrnf?
wu,fhwu,fwGif vlxkukd,fwkdifuyif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;tm; uarmufurjzpfyHk/ [o tcsKd@ukd jyefvnfoif=um;
wwf=uonf? vlxkwGif olwkd@jy\emESifh tm;enf;csuftay:&,fyGJzGJ@I ajzazsmufwwfaom t&nftcsif;onf tvkdvkd
&Sd+yD;jzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ odyf+yD; av;av;eufeuf tm&Hkpkdufxm;jcif;/ a[majymjcif;rsLd;a&Smif=unf&ef
vkdtyfovkd tjcm;tpGef;wzufjzpfaom t&$ef;azgufvGef;jcif;ukdvnf;a&Smif&efvkdtyfonf? acgif;aqmifwa,muf TuJhodk@
ajymonf ?
“ pnf;&Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu t+rJ 'Da'oukdvmwkdif; =unfh&wm ody+f yD;av;av;eufeuf wnfwnf=unf=unf
vkyfaew,f/ vufukdykdufxm;vkd@/ vlxk=um;xJvm+yD; wm0efawG cGJay;w,f? tvkyf±HkxJu zkdrifwa,mufvkdyJ? 'geJ@
usaemfu [oav;bmav;vJajymyg/ &,f&,farmarmav;vJaeygOD;vkd@ ta}uHay;&w,f? aemufwa,muf=uawmh
tjcm;wzufpGef;jyefa&m/ wae@vHk;vm+yD; [m[/ &,fp&mcsnf;yJvmajymae&m/ 'geJ@ wa,mufu vmar;w,f / ol &_;ae
ovm;wJh”
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ukd,feJ@ ykdeD;pyfvmygvdrfhr,f?

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v_KoGm;cJhygonf?
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yHkjyifrsm; em;axmifjzif;yifjzpfonf? Ttjzpftysufukd =umjrifhpGmu oHk;pGJcJh+yD; ,QK roHk;pGJonfrSm =umygu jyefvnf
wDxGifoHk;pGJEkdifovkd/ rdrda&G;cs,fp&mvrf;vnf;ykdrsm;vmrnfjzpfonf? ‚tjyif ykdrkdwkd;wufaom tqifhw&yfukdvnf;
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wumuawmh/ pwifcsOf;uyfoifhwmuawmh tvG,fulqHk;t&kd;om;qHk;enf;awGygyJ? vlxku &ifhusufvmav olwkd@
twkduftcH uvnf; tawG@t}uHKºu,f0vmav? vlxkzufu enf;y&d,m,fopfawGaqmif;qkdvmr,f? 'DawmhrSom
wDxGifzefwD;+yD;awmh enf;opfawGeJ@ &ifqkdif&rSmjzpfw,f?

17
4? aysmhajymif;r_
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e@J rrSm;apvkdygbl;?
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qHk;jzwfcsufvnf; vkdtyfygw,f/ 'grS tcuftcJawGtm;vHk;ukd wajz;ajz;ausmfjzwfEkdifrSmjzpfw,f?
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tusifhqkd;awGeJ@ zHk;zdaewwfwmygyJ?
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18
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zdESdyfolawGeJ@ bmrSruGmbl;qkdwm od=uw,f?
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wJh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;orm;awGu 'dvkd toHk;cscH&w,f pojzihf odwfpdwfxJxm;=uw,f? 'g[m t"dy`g,fr&Sdbl;/ bmjzpfvkd@vJ
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tq wckudk pOf;pm;+yD; olwkd@[m tjypfcH,l&ifawmh 'g[m rkd;ay:uswJh wpdrf;w&Hpm tawG;tac:r[kwfawmhbl;/ olwkd@xJ
u wpdwfwykdif;jzpfoGm;awmhw,f?”
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymygw,f?
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tvmwl avSmiftdrfwHcg;ukd ukd,fwkdif±kdufrcsKd;&bl;/ vlxka&S@u ausmf+yD; rvkyf&bl;/ 'gvJtrSm;wckjzpfw,f?”

6? vlxktay:trSefwu,f opPm&Sdr_§cspfcifr_
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=uw,f? 'g[mtz}uD;pkd;wJh 0g'ukd yHkpHwrsKd;eJ@azmfjywmyJ? 'g[mt+rJrSDckdaeatmif/ tm%mrJhatmifvkyfxm;&musw,f?
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wu,fvkyf=ur,fqkd&if aiGpk=uaygh/ vl roGm;Ekdif&if 'Dukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ ukd aiGulnD=uaygh”vkd@ ajymvkdufw,f?
'Dxufykdeuf&_dif;vmwJhtcg--
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vkdtyfygw,f? 'gukd vGefajrmufvmwJhtcg/ vlxkukd ukd,fhtay: rrSDckdap&awmhbl;? ‘olwkd@jrifhwufygap? ukd,fu
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tcef;(2)

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;jzpfavhjzpfx&Sdaom trSm;rsm;

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19
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wcgw&H=um;&wwfygonf?
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trSefrSm qif;&Jjcif;ukd pdwful;,Ofxm;r_omjzpfonf?

2? tzGJ@pnf;wGif jy\emESifh a0zefa&;ukd a=umuf&GH@jcif;?

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azmfjy aeayonf?
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usaemfwkd@ ±H_;rSmyJ rkcsyJ?” 'DvkdcH,lxm;Ekdif&ygr,f?
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ukd,fwkdif av;pm;vm&w,f?

3? w&m;ao0g'
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;vkyfief;tqifhqifhwGif pnf;pepf}uD;t&/ pm;tkyf}uD;t& pnf;±Hk;rdjcif;tjzpfokd@ a&muf&Sdwwf
=uonf? tu,fI enf;vrf;/ Oya'wkd@ESifh 'DvkdrqkdyJ vkyfrdukdifrdygu rSm;,Gif;ovkd/ aerxd xkdifromjzpfwwf=uonf?
pnf;pepf/ Oya'owkd@ukd pmtkyf}uD;twkdif; toHk;ðyp&mrvkday/ tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf tajctae(2)ck b,fawmhrS rwl
aoma=umifhjzpfonf?
udpPwckwkdif; wckwkdif;wGif taxGaxGrlay:rSm qifhyGm;,l&rnfjzpfayonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh aqmifyk'fwckqkdygpkd@/
“}udKwifjyifqifr_r&SdyJ b,fawmhrS tpnf;ta0;wckrðyvkyfygESifh” qkdygpkd@? okd@aomf wcgw&H tcsKd@udpPrsm;wGif jyefvnf
oHk;oyf&efESifh tcsuftvufykdrkd&&Sd&ef udpPwckrðycif tpnf;ta0;vkyf&wwfonf? ,if;tpnf;ta0;rsKd;wGif jyifqifr_
rsm;pGm rvkdtyfay?
wzef “vlxk. b0tawG@t}uHKrsm;twGif;rS omtajccHI enf;y&d,m,fcsyg” qkd=uonf? okd@aomf wcg vlxktawG@
t}uHKrSuif;vGwfI ðyvkdyf&ef tajctaeu awmif;qkdvmonfrsm; }uKH=u&wwfonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh usL;ausmftdrf,mrsm;
zsufqD;cH&rnfhtcg òr@ukd ydwfqkd@aomtwm;tqD;rsm; ðyvkyfjcif;onf vlxktawG@t}uHKwGif topfjzpfonf?
yxrqHk;jzpfonf? okd@aomf ‚onf olwkd@tawG@t}uHK. wpdwfwykdif;jzpfvm=u&onf?
tvm;wlpGmyif/ pnf;±Hk;a&;oifwef;q&mrsm;onf ,cifavhvmbl;aom EkdifiHa&;0g'rsm;tay: avhvmzl;aom
oDtkd&Drsm;tay: pGJwwf=uonf? xkdtcg ol@0g'rsm;ESifh rukdufnDrnf/ rSm;,Gif;rnfpkd;I ol@pum;rsm;/ tðytrlrsm;onf
umva'oESifhtnD ðyjyif&ef jiif;y,fawmhonf? xkdpnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;twGuf t"du tcuftcJrSm vlrsm;ESifh aygif;oif;
qufqHa&; cufcJjcif;ESifh topfzefwD;r_rsmr&Sdawmhjcif;jzpfonf?
wcgw&H wufºuv_yf&Sm;olb0rSvmaom pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;rsm;onf pnf;±Hk;&rnfha'ookd@ ae@tcgoGm;&ef jiif;qef wwf=u
onf? “&efolu odvdrfhr,f/ rSwfrdw,f” xkdtcg wae@vHk;±Hk;wGif usm;upm;&if;tcsdefðzef;aeonf? ae@tcgoGm;&ef
vkdtyfaomtcgwGifvnf; &kyfzsufOD;xkyft}uD}uD;aqmif;oGm;wwfonf? ajymp&mrvkday? ol@tvkyfrSm tusKd;r&SdEdkifay?
w&m;ao0g'rSm pnf;±Hk;a&;wGif r&Sdaptyfay?

20
 pnf;urf;Oya'orsm;rSm tvkyftwGufvrf;!Gefjzpfonf? okd@aomf t"durSm jynfoljzpfonf? ‚wkd@.b0
tajcaerSef uom pnf;±Hk;a&;toGifESifh vrf;a=umif;ukd jyXmef;ayonf?

4? rl0g'xkwfjcif;
ynm&Sifu¾rS vm=uaom rsm;pGmaom pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;tzkd@ tajctaeukd cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmoHk;oyfjcif;/ tm%m
wnfaqmufyHk / jzpfysufyHk/ tajccHta=umif;w&m;rsm;/ tusKd;w&m;wkd@ukd rl0g'rsm;t& oHk;oyfEkdifpGrf;&Sd=uonf? okd@aomf
tajctaeESifh nDaom wdusonfhenf;y&d,m,fxkwf&efESifh vuf&Sdtm%m,EW,m;ukd òyuGJ&ef rpGrf;aqmifEkdif=uay?
olwkd@wGif aoe*FAsL[m&Sdonf/ okd@aomf enf;y&d,m,fr&Sday?
'gbma=umifhjzpf&ovJ?
ta=umif;rSm vG,fvG,fyif olwkd@wGifvHkavmufaom ukef=urf;/ atmufajctquftoG,fr&Sdjcif;yif? OD;aESmufom
tvkyfvkyf+yD; ajcaxmuftvkyfrvkyf=uay? olwkd@wGif ta0;rS jynfolwpHkvHk;tay: tjrif&Sdaomfvnf;/ wOD;csif;tay:
em;rvnf=uay? olwkd@^m%f&nfaoG;ESifh cGJjcrf;oHk;oyfr_rSm trSefyif vlxktcsKd@jy\emrsm;twGuf vkdtyfygonf? ‚rS
wqifh trsKd;om;w&yfvHk;qkdif&m tjriftjzpfwufvSrf;&rnfjzpfonf? okd@aomf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;twGuf ta&;}uD;onfrSm
atmufajctquftoG,frjywfa&;yifjzpfygonf?
tvm;wlpGmyif olwkd@wGif a'owcktwGuf xl;jcm;aom cHpm;csufESifh vlxkcHpm;tcsuftajctaewkd@rod=uay?
olwkd@wGif omrmefjynfolwkd@ESifh vkHavmufpGm ajymbl;jcif;/ em;axmifbl;jcif;r&Sd=uay?
“omrmefvlwa,muf b,fvdkodovJ/ cHpm;ovJ/ awG;ovJ”
“jy\emtay:b,fvkdwkH@jyefovJ/ tajctaetay: b,fvkd wHk@jyefovJ”
“'Djy\emtay: b,favmufowWd&Sd&Sd&ifqkdifrvJ” olwkd@rod/ rajymEkdif=uay?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymygw,f?
“ynmwwfwa,muf / aemuf+yD; atmufajctqifhtawG@t}uHKvHk;0r&Sdbl;olwa,muf [m aqG;aEG;or#[mu
tawG@t}uHK&J@ ta&;ygyHk/ tcsuftvufawGukd aqG;aEG;Ekdifygw,f? 'gayr,fh 'g[m pdwfxJom&SdwJh taumiftxnfr&SdwJh
[myJjzpfygw,f? ol[m vlcsrf;omawGeJ@vJpum;rajymbl;bl;/ vlxk&J@ºu,f0wJh pum;awGr=um;bl; bl;/ roHk;wwfbl;?
ol@pum;awG[m tom;rygwJ@ t&kd;oufoufvkdygyJ? 'ga=umifh olpum;ukd b,folpdwf0ifpm;vdrfhrvJ?”
tawG@t}uHK&SdwJh pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;wa,muf[m atmufajceJ@ awG@xdr_ b,favmufta&;ygw,fqkdwm
odygw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; wa,muf[m wae@ukd vkyfcGifrSm (12) em&D tcsdefukefoifhw,f? ae&HkeJ@ r+yD;ygbl;? twlwuG
tvkyfvkyfrSjzpfygw,f? 'g[mvJ olwkd@xJu acgif;aqmif/ ukd,fpm;vS,favmufeJ@ awG@+yD; r+yD;oifhyg? qkdvkdwmu wufwuf
ºuºu oGm;vm/ tqufoG,fopf&Sm/ t&if qufoG,fa[mif;awGukd wdk;wufatmifvkyf/ v_H@aqmf/ tpnf;ta0;awGjyifqif/
'gawG[m vlxk=um;xJ tvkyfvkyfwmjzpfygw,f?
'DtqifhxJu pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf[m taxGaxGtajctaeukd u|rf;0ifvmwJhtcg wduswJhjy\emrsm;ukd
tm±Hk pdkuf&ygr,f? wdusr_tvdkuf tao;pdwfenf;y&d,m,frsm; &Sm&ygr,f?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf 'Dvkdvkyfygw,f?
“ jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmuf pnf;±Hk;yg? tao;pdwfodatmifvkyfyg? atmifjrifr,fh enf;y&d,m,fcsyg?
tqifhwkdif;rSm pDrHudef;&Sd&Sdvkyfyg? tcsdefowfrSefcsufoifhovkdxm;yg? pnf;±Hk;a&;orm;[m vlxk
b,favmuf toifhjzpf+yD;§rjzpfao;bl; qkdwm od&ygw,f? yËdyuQtay: b,fvkdwkef@jyefw,fqkdwm
od&ygr,f? pdwf"gwfa&;&mt&/ 0g'a&;&mt& b,f tcuftcJawG &SdovJ/ &kyf0wÎK taxmuftul/
&kyf0wÎKywf0ef;usiftajctaeawGukd od&ygr,f/ &efoleJ@ygoufvkd@ wduswJh A[kokw &Sd&ygr,f?
bmtao;tzGJrS rarhxm;ygeJ@? ”
tjzpftysufwcku 'Dvkdoifcef;pmay;ygw,f?
“ NAWASA (òr@awmfa&eJ@ rdv†mXme) ukd (ac|;vkyfom;uav;rsm;) toif;u qENjyzkd@ pDpOf
xm;wmzsuf+yD; &H_;cJh&ygw,f? owif;axmufawGu }udKa&mufESifhw,f? tapmifhawGukd ar;cGef;
ar;jref;wmeJ@ owif;teH@&ukef=uw,f? vlxkua&mufzkd@aemufusaew,f? bmjzpfvkd@ aemufus
wmvJqkdawmh acgif;aqmifu aemufusaew,f? bmjzpfvkd@ acgif;aqmifaemufusovJqkdawmh
“pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u owdrxm;rdbl;/ tJ'Dacgif;aqmif[m 'DqENjyyGJvkyfzkd@ qENr&Sdbl;/ rvkyfcsifbl;
qkdwmukd;?”
tqkd;&ifqkdif&&if aemufwckbmvkyf&r,fqkdwm jyifqifxm;&ygr,f? ,Qifu v_H@aqmfxm;r_/ jyifqifr_/ aqG;aEG;r_/
Zmwfwkdufavhusifhxm;r_ tm;vHk;[m tv[o jzpf&ygw,f?
21
 tcef;(3)
pnf;&Hk;a&;tqifhESifh enf;emrsm;

1? pnf;±Hk;a&;pwifjcif;
pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;wckukd vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;wus a'owcku acgif;aqmifrsm;eJ@ pnf;±Hk;a&;toif;wck awG@qHk
oabmwlnDcsuf &+yD; pwifEkdifygw,f? 'DudpPrSma'ocHvl}uD;u w&m;0if pnf;±Hk;a&;oifwef;om; okd@r[kwf !Gef=um;a&;rª;
ukd zdwf=um;+yD;awmh vlxkpnf;a0;yGJwckrSm ol@wkd@ukd rdwfqufay;+yD; pwifEkdifygw,f?
omrmeftm;jzifhawmh 'DvkdvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;r&Sd=uygbl;? 'Da'orSm&SdwJh tzGJ@tpnf; toif;tyif;wcku pnf;±Hk;a&;
orm; awG[mvlr_vkyftm;awGtjzpf omoemðy vkyfom;awG tjzpf pwifEkdif=uygw,f? wwd,enf;uawmh ukd,fhzmom
ukd,f pwmygyJ? olwkd@ukd b,folrS zdwf=um;wm r&Sdygbl;? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u 'Da'ou vlawGukd vHk;0rodyJ vJ&Sdwwfygw,f?
'DtajctaersKd;rSm olrSm &SdwJh tquftoG,fu pwif+yD;/ a'orSm &SdaewJh jy\emwckckrSm pwif+yD; yg0ifygwfouf
Ekdifygw,f? 'gu Oyrmwckyg?
“usL;ausmftdrf,mu rdom;pk axmifausmf[m rar#mfvifhyJ rD;a=umifh tdrf,mrJhoGm;=u&ygw,f? 'DrSm vltcsKd@u
'g[m olwkd@ukd 'DuESifxkwfcsifwJh olawGu ðyw,fvkd@ ,lq=uygw,f? usaemfwkd@rSm 'Da'ou tquftoG,fr&Sdygbl;/
oli,fcsif;yJ&Sdygw,f? usaemfwkd@ owdxm;rdwmuawmh ausmifom;tcsKd@u bmoma&;toif;awGeJ@ &HyHkaiG/ tpmawG
&Sm+yD; vlxkukd ulnDae=uwmygyJ? usaemfwkd@ pOf;pm;ygw,f?
“bmvkd@ olwkd@ukd 'DyHkpHulnD=u&rvJ?”
“'DuaexGuf+yD; olwkd@zmom olwkd@ tpm§t0wf§vkdtyfcsufawGukd rawmif;qkd=u&rSmvJ / txl;ojzifh tpkd;&XmeawG
qDu jzpfygw,f? usaemfwkd@ rdwfaqGu p+yD;/ aemuf+yD; vkyfief;tcsKd@ p+yD;wJhaemufrSm vl (70) ausmfygwJh tzGJ@[m pwifyg
awmhw,f? ,Qifausmif;om;awGulnD=uwmxuf olwkd@[m ykd&=uygw,f?”
'g[m pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;pwifcJhwmygyJ?
b,fvkdyJ pwif pwif aemufu pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;pOfrsm; pwifEkdifygw,f? b,fpnf;±Hk;a&;rª;yJjzpfjzpf vkyfief;pwifcgprSm
vkyf&wJh tvkyfrsm;uawmh twlwlygyJ? 'Da'oukdESH@pyfatmifoGm;+yD; &kyfykdif;qkdif&mA[kokwvkdygw,f? tcsuf tvufwkdif;
rSwfom;zkd@ vkdygw,f? pwkd;qkdifrsm;/ a'otrSwftom;awGyf rSwf&ygw,f? 'Da'orSm u|rf;0ifwJh 'DuvlawGeJ@odwJh
oli,fcsif; wa,muf&Sm&ygr,f? 'Duaep+yD; rdwfaqGtdrfvnf/ 'Duwqifh ab;tdrfukdvnfywf/ 'Duwqifh 'Da'orSm
u|rf;0ifatmif vlawGu rdrdukd rSwfrdatmif vkyf&ygr,f? 'DurS wqifh a'ocHvlawGeJ@ cHpm;csufeJ@ jy\emrsm;ukd od&SdEkdif
ygw,f? 'Duwqifh vlxkawGu bmukd pkd;&GH@ae&w,f/ bmjy\em}uHKae&w,fqkdwm zGifh[vmygvdrfhr,f?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufrSm rdwfaqGtrmcHwa,mufvkdtyfygw,f? ta=umif;u “rdrd[mb,folvJ”J vkd@ar;=u&if
tajzay;EkdifatmifygyJ/ vlpdrf;wa,mufukd ,Hk=unfatmifygyJ? olb,folvJ/ bmvkyfovJ/ 'g+yD;&if bmvkyfrvJ pojzifh
ar;=uygr,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu ol@tawG@t}uHKukd 'Dvkdjyefajymygw,f?
“usaemftquftoG,fwa,muf&ygw,f? tmvif;yufyg? usaemhrSm t&ifu pnf;±Hk;a&;tawG@t}uHKvJr&Sd /
bmvkyf&rSef;vJrodygbl;/ usaemfa=umufaerdw,f? usaemfbmajym&rvJ/ uHtm;av#mfpGmyJ/ tmvif;yufu 'Da'orSm
tajymaumif; acgif;aqmifwa,mufygyJ? usaemhukd oluyJ 'Da'o0ef;usifac:oGm;+yD; olyJ trsm;pkajymygw,f? usaemfu
ajymwmeJ@+yD; em;axmifwmoufoufygyJ? +yD;wJhaemuf vlrsm;pGmeJ@}uHKvm+yD; wJhaemufrSm ukd,hfukd,fukd ,Hk=unfcsuf&vm
ygw,f? aemufykdif;rSm jy\emawGrSm pum;ajymqkd&if; jzpfvmygawmhw,f?”
tu,fI 'Da'orSm tquftoG,fwa,mufrS r&bl; qkd&if bmvkyfrvJ?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymygw,f?
“usaemhrSm tquftoG,fwa,mufrSr&Sdygbl;/ 'Da'ota=umif;vJ bmwckrrodygbl;? usaemf'Da'ou
tat;qkdifuav; wqkdifrSmqif;vkduf+yD; &yfaerdygw,f/ tpmpm;+yD; ab;uwa,mufeJ@ rdwfaqGzJ@G
ygw,f/ ol@rSmemrusef;wJh tartkdwa,muf&SdwmawG@&ygw,f? ol@tarudk ulnDzkd@ vkdufvnfygw,f?
usaemfvmvnfwmukd olwkd@ auseyf=uygw,f? olwkd@ajymjywmu olwkd@rSm puf&HkwckrSm tvkyfvkyfwJh
nDr wa,muf &Sdwmod&ygw,f? aemufawmh tJ'DtrsKd;orD;eJ@ awG@&+yD; olu nOf;jyygw,f?
vkyfcenf;wm- ESdyfpufwmawG pojzifhygyJ? usaemfodcsifvkd@xyfar;&if; tvm;wl vkyfom; (5)a,muf
uvnf; wckckvkyfcsifaea=umif;od&ygw,f? aemufwnrSmawmh 'D(5)a,mufyg tygt0if tpnf;ta0;
wck vkyfjzpfygw,f? 3- ywfausmf=um+yD;wJhtcg v_H@aqmfr_awG vkyf+yD;wJhtcg tvkyform;trsm;pku
tvkyform;or*~ wckzJ@G zkd@ oabmwl=uygw,f? (5) ygwfausmf=um+yD;wJhtcgrSmawmh tvkyform;awGu
refae*smqD olwkd@ awmif;qkdcsufawG wifvkduf ygawmhw,f? ”
22
2? tajccHvkyfief; ( Groundwork)

pnf;&Hk;a&;vkyfief;tqifhqifh. tajccHvkyfief;ukd bmom&yftm;jzifh ( Groundwork) [k ac:wGifygonf?

‚onf tajccHvlwef;pm;rsm;ukd pnf;±Hk;a&;twGuf tajccHjzpfonf? ‚onf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufrS vltaxGaxGESifh
awG@qHkaqG;aEG;Ekdif&eftwGuf pwifaom qufoG,fa&;enf;pepfjzpfonf?
tajccHvkyfief;qkdonfrSm vkyfief;rsm; +yD;ajrmuf&eftwGufpwifaom wm0efwck tajcðyvkyfief;jzpfonf?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; wa,muf taejzifh vkyfief;rsm;ukd ykdif;jcm+yD; ao;i,faom aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;ukd u|rf;0ifpGm toHk;ðyoGm;a&;
jzpfonf? ‚enf;tzkd@ jy\emrsm; rD;armif;xkd;jyjcif;ESifh t&nftcsif;zGH@òz;apjcif;/ jy\emrsm;&SmazGazmfxkwfjcif;wkd@
wGifvnf; oHk;Ekdifonf? vlrsm;pGmrS toHrsm;ukd em;axmifjcif;tm;jzifh wnf&Sdaeaom jy\emwckud od&SdvmEkdif+yD;
rnfonfh tajzxkwf&rnf/ rnfonfh tvkyfukd vkyfaqmif&rnfukdvnf;odEkdifayonf?
tajccHvkyfief;qkdonfrSm vlrsm;pGmxHrS owif;rsm; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;xHokd@ pD;0ifvmapjcif;ESifh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS
vlxkxJokd@ jyefvnft}uHay;jcif;jzpfonf?
tjcm;enf;emwckrSm vlxkukd vl,Hk(okd@r[kwf) ukd,fpm;vS,ftcsKd@rS wqifh qufqHjcif;jzpfonf? ‚ukd clikit
pepf[kac:onf? Tenf;. tm;enf;csufrsm;rSm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;ESifh vlxk=um; wkduf&kdufxdawG@qufqHr_r&Sdjcif;yifjzpfonf?
TtusKd;quftm;jzifh trdef@ay;0g'/ qefqefESifh jzpfvmwwf+yD; xda&mufr_vnf;r&Sdjzpfwwfonf?

3? jy\emwckukd az:xkwfjcif;ESifh wkd;wufapjcif;?

yxrqHk;pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufrS az:xkwf&rnfrSm vufawG@jy\emESifh cef@rSef;xm;aomjy\emrsm;=um;
rnfr#uJv G JGonf qkdaomtcsufyifjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;xHrS avhvmaomjy\em/ xkda'owGif aexkdifonfh b0tawG@
t}uHK/ vkdtyfcsufrsm;rsm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ xkda'orS vlrsm;uJhokd@ xyfwljzpf&rnfrqkdvkday? Oyrmwckqkdygpkd@?
vlxkzGH@òz;a&;vkyfom;rsm;u a&avmif;tdrfomrsm;ukd r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfcsu[ f kqkdum ay;wwf=uonf? wu,fhwu,fawmh
‚rSm usef;rma&;ESifh oef@&Sif;a&; &_axmifhrS =unfhaomfrSefavonf? okd@aomf vlxktzkd@ t"du vkdtyfcsufvm;/
r[kwfacs?
xkd@a=umifh trSefuefqHk;enf;vrf;rSm vlxktwGif;wGif txdckdufqHk;jzpfaom t}udrftrsm;qHk;jzpfaom jy\em
rsm;ukd ‚wkd@ESifh pum;ajymjcif;tm;jzifh azmfxkwfjcif;yifjzpfonf? ‚wckwnf;ESifhvnf;rvHkavmufay? jy\emudpPwckkukd
vlxku jy\emwck[k cHpm;±Hkr#jzifh r+yD;ao;/ ‚jy\emukd ‚wkd@ ukd,fwkdif tjrefajz&Sif;&rnf? okd@r[kwf wckck jyefvkyf
&rnf ukd cH,lzkd@vnf; vkdao;onf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkd Oyrm ay;ygw,f?
“yxrqHk; vlxkawGeJ@ pum;ajym=unfh&mrSm xif&Sm;wJhjy\emwckawG@vm&wmuawmh ajr,m
ykdifqkdifcGifh yJ? 'gayr,fh olwkd@ ukd,fwkdif 'geJ@ygwfoufvkd@ odyfvkyfEkdif=ur,fvkd@ rxif=ubl;? olwkd@ukd,fwkdif
b,fXmeukd csOf;uyf&r,frSef; raocsm=ubl;/ 'gtjyif 'Da'orSm uGJaewJh (2) zGJ@u 'Djy\em (2) rsKd;ukd
(2)oG,fajz&Sifcsifae=ujyefw,f? jy\emwpukd aumufvkdufwmeJ@ twGif;yËdyuQu 0kef;ueJ
xvmrSmyJ? 'ga=umifhrkd@ usaemf tJ'Dtem;rSm ykd±kd;&Sif;wJh jy\em wck&Sdrvm; vkd@ a&Smuf=unfhw,f?
awG@wmyJ? a&v$rf;cHae&wJh &yfuGufrSm ajrzkd@ zkd@ vkdtyfaew,f? 'gudkvnf; tm;vHk;u pdwf0if pm;w,f?
pdpOf=u+yD; &nfrSef;csufwck aocsmcsvkdufw,f? r=umcifyJ v_yf&Sm;r_ pvmawmhw,f?
pwifpnf;±Hk;wJhtoif;rSm t"dujy\emjzpfwJ ajrykdifcGifhygyJ/ 'gayrJh bmrS rajymyJ ajrzkd@ay;zkd@eJ@yJ
pvkdufw,f? bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh vlxkukd,fwkdifolwkd@ 'gvkyfckdif;w,f jzpfEkdifw,f cH,l=u+yD;
pwifpkpnf;Ekdifvkd@yJ jzpfw,f? r=umcifrSm vlxktoif;tyif;i,frsm;pGmay:vmawmhw,f? ajrykdifcGifh[m
jy\emwckvkd@ ,lqvmEkdif+yD;wJhaemufrSm 'g[m “jy\em” }uD;w&yftjzpfukdifpGJvkd@&awmhw,f?
jy\em}uD;}uD;ukd pukdifwG,f&if twkduftcH}uD;r,f/ jy\emykd&_yfaxG;r,f? yËdyuQ ykdrsm;r,f/ 'ga=umifh vltcsKd@u tprsm
'DtxJukd 0ifrygvkd=ubl;/ txlojzifh ppftkyfcsKyfa&; atmufrSm ykdqkd;w,f? 'Djy\em}uD;eJ@ ygwfoufvkd@ wckck
vkyfukdifcsifpdwfuav; ukd a=umuf&GH@pw d fu zHk;v$rf;oGm;w,f? jy\emi,fawG pwif+yd; vlxkawGrSm &ifhusufr_wpHk w&m/
owWdwpHkw&m&+yD;wJhaemufrSm jy\em}uD;awGukd ukdifwG,fEkdifawmhw,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awG ukd,fYuvnf; ukd,fh vkyfukdif
pGrf;&nf odyfr&Sdao;cifrSm jy\em}uD;awG ukdifwG,fzkd@ vlxkukd r}udK;pm;apoifhbl;? tcsKd@pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awG[m
atmifyJ&G zkd@vG,fwJh wkdufyGJi,frsm;jzwfoef;+yD; ukd,fhpGrf;aqmif&nf § vlxktxiftjrifukd wufapawmhw,f?

23
oifwef;om; pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymjyygw,f?
“usaem@ yk*~dKvfa&;txift&awmh t"duvkdtyfwm[m vlxkeJ@ vkyf&nfukdif&nf wpHkw&m&zkd@ygyJ?
usaemf[m vlopfwa,muf r[kwfayr,fh ,Sifvkduf&if i,f&G,faew,f/ vlxkawG[m jyifqifr_r&SdyJeJ@
aoa&;&Sifa&; jy\emwckrSm pGef@pm;zkd@0efav;=uw,f? rvkdvm;=ubl;/ Oyrmtm;jzifh - t"rR
&Gmajymifckdif;wJhudpPrsKd;?
tcsKd@&yfuGufuvlxkawGu usef;rma&;vkyfief;awGvkdtyfw,fajymjy=uw,f/ 'gayr,fh òr@awmfcef;ra&S•/
usef;rma&;Xmea&S• awmif;qkdzkd@ 0efav;=uw,f? 'geJ@ bmoma&;toif;wcku zGifhxm;wJh aq;&Hkwckukd
csOf;uyf=unfhw,f/ +yD;awmh usaemf tJ'D aq;&Hku wm0efcHrsm;eJ@ !dêw,f/ vlxkukd owWd&Sdvmatmif
ynmay;zkd@ygyJ? 'DtcGifhta&;ukd ,l+yD; toHk;cszkd@ olwkd@u oabmwl=uw,f?
“ cifAsmwkd@ aq; ukvm&if vufcHygr,f/ okd@aom wOD;wa,mufcsif;ukd rqufqHyg/ tzGJ@tpnf; wckck
aemufcH&Sd&r,fvkd@ a=ujimvkdufw,f? 'Duaep+yD; wqifhykdcufcJwJhjy\emqDukd o,faqmifvmcJh
awmhw,f?”
'DcsOf;uyfykHrsKd;uawmh oifhawmfygw,f? wcgw&HrSm tm%m&SdwJh olawGxH aygufa&mufwJh/ =oZm&SdwJh olawGqD
csOf;uyftoHk;ðyoifhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'g[m tEW&m,f&Sdygw,f? 'DvkdvJ t+rJoHk;zkd@ rjzpfEkdifygbl;?

4? v_yf&Sm;xºu&ef v_H@aqmfjcif;?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf vlxkxJrS jy\emwckukd &SmazG+yD;onfhaemufwiG f vlxkukd xkdjy\emeSifh ygwfoufI
ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef OD;aqmif&jyefonf? TonfwGif “v_H@aqmfjcif;” onf ta&;}uD;vmonf? TudpPonf vlxktzkd@
jy\em tay:obmamaygufvm±HkESifh rvHkavmufyJ/ xkdudpPESifhygwfoufI a'gojzpfvmap&ef / xkdESifh ygwfoufI wckck
wHk@jyef&ef qHk;jzwfcsufcsatmif wkdufwGefjcif;jzpfonf?
vlxkonf ta=umif;jycsufckdifvH±HkESifh v_yf&Sm;r_wck jzpfrvmacs? ta=umif;jycsufESifh cHpm;csufvnf;vkdtyf
ayonf? cHpm;csufonf v_yf&Sm;r_wckjzpfvm&ef a=umuf&G@Hpdwfrsm; yaysmufap&ef axmufulyH@ykd;Ekdifonf? tcsKd@
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; rsm;onf ,Qifatmifjrifbl;aom v_yf&Smr_tjzpftysufyHkjyifrsm;yHkjyifrsm;ukd jyefajymjyjcif;tm;jzifh
,Hk=unfr_wkd;vm aponf? tcsKd@uawmh wOD;csif;ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jref;&if;vlxkukd oabmaygufvm&mrS wqifh v_yf&Sm;r_xJ
qGJac:Ekdifonf? tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;uawmh ‚wkd@ukd epfematmifajymqkdjcif;/&djcif;/ rcHatmifajymjcif; ponfjzifh
atmifyJrG sm;&&Sd wwfonf? okd@aomf ‚enf;ukd tajctaetvkdufom toHk;ðyEkdif+yD; vlwkdif;vnf; vkyfEkdif&efrvG,fulacs?
v_H@aqmfjcif;wGif ta&;}uD;onfrSm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ wOD;csif;taetxm;ukd odjcif;/ wOD;csif;
pdwf0ifpm;r_ tzHkzHk/ &_jrifoHk;oyfyHkwkd@ukd odzkd@ ta&;}uD;onf? ‚wkd@ukd tav;ay;jcif;jzifhatmifjrifEkdifonf? ‚v_H@aqmfjcif;
rsKd;ukd vltkyf}uD; okd@ tzGJ@i,frsm;wGif csufcsuf;toHk;rðyEkdifyJ wOD;csif;- wOD;csif;om toHk;ðyEkdifayonf? atmufwGif
tcsK@d Oyrm rsm;azmfjyxm;ygonf?

u? TOyrmwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh vlxkukda&ykdufrsm;twkdif; qif;vmatmif v_H@aqmfaejcif;jzpf+yD;/

VAWASA rSmtpdk;& a& Xmejzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS t0wfav#mfaeaom trsKd;orD;wOD;ukdawG@onf? olu
t0wf av#mzkd@ a&b,fu&oenf; ar;onf?
pnf; ? ? a&wae@b,fESpfpnf oHk;ovJ?
r ? ? q,fpnfavmufyg/ wcgwav 15 pnf/ wpnfukd yDqkd (15) ay;&w,f?
pnf; ? ? 'gqkd wae@tenf;qHk;yDqkd (1) ckukefaewmaygh/ wv (30) yJDqkdukefaewmaygh/ wu,fvkd@ NSWASAua&
bHkbkdifqifay;cJh&if wae@ukd yDqkd (10)yJukefr,f/ wae@ukd (30) yDqkdyJukefr,f? 'godygovm;? cifAsm; trsKd;om;
wae@ b,favmif &ovJ?
r ? ? wae@ (8)yDqkd&ygw,f/ wae@ukd c&D;p&dwf/ rkef@yJ/ aq;vdyftwGuf (1) yDqkd ukefygw,f?
pnf; ? ? qeftwGufb,favmufwae@ukefovJ?
r ? ? wae@ukd wjynf/ wjynfukd yDqkd (4) ay;&ygw,f?
pnf;? ? [if…… qefu (4) yDqkd
1 yDqkdu c&D;p&dwf
1 yDqkdu a&bkd;
2 yDqkdyJusefwmaygh? cifAsma,mufusFm;emrusefjzpfvkd@ tvkyfrvkyfEkdif&if b,fvkdvkyfrvJ?

24
r ? ? usr rodygbl;/ wae&m&moGm;acs;iSm;&rSmaygh?
pnf; ? ? b,fu aiGykd&vkd@ jyefqyfEkdifrSmwkef;? wu,fvkd@ NAWASA u a&ykdufvmoG,fay;cJh&if wvukd yDqkd (20)
pkrdr,f? 'gqkd qef (5) jynf&w,f?
r ? ? 'gayr,fh usrwkd@ u usL;ausmf&yfuGufyJ? NAWASA u a&vmoG,fay;rSmr[kwfbl;/ usrwkd@ajrrS
rykdifwmyJ?
pnf; ? ? [kwfwmaygh? 'gayr,fh cifAsm;wkd@[m vlom;awGyJ? &kyf&Sifrif;orD; wa,muf&ovkd cifAsm;wkd@vnf; &ykdifcGifh
&Sdw,f/ ola&csKd;ovkd cifAsm;wkd@vnf; a&csKd;wmyJ? cifAsm;wkd@ tpkd;&qDukd qef0,fwkdif; qm;0,fwkdif;/ aq;vdyf
0,fwkdif; tcGefaqmifae&wm odygovm;/ 'Dawmh cifAsm;wkd@rSm a&bHkbkdif &ykdifcGifh&Sdw,f/ bmvkd@r&&rSmvJ?

c? 'kwd, OyrmwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;onf ,QKusL;ausmf&yfuGuf r=umrD zsufcH&awmhrnfukd odxm;onf? ‚vlxkukd

v_H@aqmf aejcif;jzpfonf?

pnf; ? ? olwkd@armif;xkwf&if cifAsm;wkd@ b,fajymif;rvJ/ a':jr ?

jr ? ? e,fukdaygh?
pnf; ? ? cifAsm;wkd@ tdrf}uD;[m aumif;&ufeJ@/ tckvkdjzpfwm odyfqkd;wmyJ? bmjzpfvkd@vJAs?
jr ? ? tdrftwGufawmh rylygbl;/ 'gayr,fh usra,musmF;twGufygyJ/ ajymif;&&if tvkyfðywfawmhr,f? uav;awGvJ
ausmif;ajymif;/ ausmif;xkwf&awmhr,f?
pnf; ? ? cifAsm; a,mufusmF; bmvkyfovJAs?
jr ? ? ig;zrf;orm; wHig yg?
pnf; ? ? tpkd;&u b,fajymif;ckdifrvJAs?
jr ? ? umrkd;em; ukdyg?
pnf ;? ? tpkd;&u csifAsm;a,mufusmF;twGuf umrkd;em;rSm uefwckjrpfwckvkyfay;r,fxifvm;?
jr ? ? [m; [m; [m;
pnf; ? ? cifAsm;'DrSm =uyfwnf;vS+yDxif&if/ [kda&muf&if (2) q =uyfwnf;vdrfhr,f? tpkd;&u bmjzpfvkd@ ajymif;apcsif
&wmvJ?
jr ? ? rodygbl;? wcsKd@ajymwmawmh vrf;csJ@csifvkd@ajymwmyJ?
pnf; ? ? 'gu aocsmvkd@vm;/ wcsKd@vlawGvJ olwkd@ukd 'DvkdrsKd;ajymjy=uwmyJ? 'gayr,fh cifAsm;wkd@xGufoGm;+yD;&if bmjzpf
vm rvJodvm;? vrf;r[kwfbl;As? olaX;awGu tdrfvmaqmuf=ur,f?
jr ? ? wkd@bmvkyf&rvJ?
pnf; ? ? 'DrSm acgif;aqmifwcsKd@&Sdvm;?
jr ? ? r&Sdaygif;? OD;0if;wa,mufyJ tokbawG bmawG&Sd&if aiGvkdufpkwwfw,f?
pnf; ? ? armif;xkwfcH&rSmukd wckck vkyfcsifwJholrsm; r&Sd=ubl;vm;/ wjcm;vlawGa&m r&Sdbl;vm;?
jr ? ? wcsKd@uawmh wckckvkyfbkd@ ajymaewmyJ? t"duuawmh tdrfutzkd;}uD;aygh/ 'gayrJh tajymoufoufygyJ?
pnf; ? ? tckcifAsm; av#mufvnf+yD;tem;rSm wckck&Sif;jyvkd@ rjzpfbl;vm;/ usaemfvJ wlwlvkyfr,fav/ +yD;awmh tpnf;
ta0; wckavmuf vky=f uwmaygh?
jr ? ? tif; / jzpfEkdifygw,f/ b,fvkdjzpfjzpfawGEkdifygw,f? b,fawmh pnf;a0;=urSmvJ/ 'Dnaevm;?
pnf;? ? r[kwfygbl/ reufjzefqkd&ifaum/ nae (5;00) em&Davmufav/ OD;at;tdrfrSmaygh/ tkdau? tJ'DusrS qHkwmaygh?

*? vlaor_wckkukd ta=umif;ðyI v_H@aqmfjcif;?

tif'a& rSm a&m*g&SdolwOD;jzpfonf? ‚onf ntcg rD;rvif;aom rD;vkdif;wckatmufY a&ykdufqufoG,faepOf

'g;xkd;cH&I aoqHk;oGm;onf? ‚a'owGif a&a&m rD;yg r&Sdacs? okd@aomf t0DpDwGif;wwGif;om&Sdonf? ‚rSmvnf;
nv,frS eHeuf 4;00 em&Dxdom a&ay;onf? ‚wnwGif t&ufrl;orm;wa,mufu a&wef;pDaeaom yHk;rsm;ukd
uefausmuf&if;rS pum;rsm;=uonf? ‚rS wqifh tarSmifxJ&Sd pum;rsm;=u&if 'g;xkd;cH&jcif;jzpfonf?

25
pnf; ? ? oem;p&maumif;vkdufwJh tif'a&ES,f? b,fES,fha=umifhAsm a&a=umifh jzpf=u&owJhvm;?
tJrDvD ? ? [kwfw,f/ ykdqkd;wmu b,folu usra,mufusmF; ukd 'geJ@xkd;oGm;rSef;rod=ubl;av?
pnf; ? ? b,fodEkdifrvJav? tJem;rSmuvJ vltrsm;om;r[kwfvm;?
tJrDvD ? ? w&yfuGufvHk;ygyJav? tem;rSm &yfuGufu vlu trsm;}uD;yJ? rD;wkdifuvnf;r&SdyJav? vHk;0arSmifrJaewmyJ?
jy\em pjzpfa&m vlawGuvJ awG@u&majy;=uwmygyJ?
pnf; ? ? bma=umifhòr@awmf0efqDukd a&eJ@ rD;rav#muf=uovJAsm? wckjzpfjzpf a&jzpfjzpf/ v#yfppfrD;jzpfjzpfaygh?
tdrfeD;csif;? ? (jzwfajym) usaemfwkd@u usL;ausmf&yfuGufyJav? b,foluwyfay;rSmvJ/ 'DrSmaewmuvJ b,folrS
cGifhðy csuf r&Sdbl;av?
pnf; ? ? [kwfwmaygh/ vrf;r}uD;awGrSm wnvHk; rD;xdefvif;vkd@ tJonfrSm b,folrS ae=uwmrS r[kwfyJ?
tJrDvD ? ? rD;awGu um;awGtwGufyJav?
pnf; ? ? um;awGawmifrS tvif;a&mifvkdao;&if/ vlawGu ykdvkdwmaygh/ rD;r&Sdawmh cifAsm;a,mufusmF;aowmaygh?

v_H@aqmfr_ðyaomtcg/ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;xHwGif wdusaomt}uHay;csuf/ rnfokd@vkyfaqmifrnfukd pdwfxJwGif}udKwif

awG;xm;&rnf/ okd@r[kwfygu vlxkukda'goxGufap+yD; tajzukdray;EkdifyJ OD;wncsufray;EkdifyJ t&_; vkyfouJhokd@om
&Sdayrnf? tu,fI vlxkrS pdwf0ifpm;ygu wckckvkyf&ef }udKwif tpnf;ta0;vkyf=u&ef v_H@aqmft}uHay; Ekdifonf?
tu,fI }uH&,f+yD;om;&Sdygu ‚okd@ yl;aygif;&ef t}uHay;Ekdifonf?

5? v_y&f Sm;r_rðyvkyfcif tpnf;ta0;ðyjcif;?

vkHavmufaomwOD;csif;qDukd v_H@aqmfr_ðy+yD;aomtcg pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS‚wkd@tm;vHk;ukdv_yf&Sm;r_rðycif tpnf;ta0;
wck ac:Ekdifonf? Ttpnf;t0; rðycif }udKwifjyifqif+yD;rS ðyoifhayonf? okd@rSom wkdawmif;+yD; vkd&if;a&mufrnf
jzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;taejzifh jy\emukd +cHKiHkpOf;pm;xm;+yD; aqG;aEG;&rnf/ bufpHk axmifhpHkukd jyifqifxm;oifhonf?
tpnf;ta0; rpcif “tajccHvkyfief; (Ground work) ” ukd}udKwifðyxm;Ekdfifonf? ‚rSm wOD;csif;qD (okd@) awG@qHkI
jzpfEkdifaom enf;y&d,m,f/ jiif;cHkcsuf/ tajz/ tjcm;a&G;cs,fp&m enf;vrf;rsm; aqG;aEG;xm;jcif;jzpfonf?
TuJhokd@ “tajccHvkyfief;”rsm;jzifh wOD;csif;qDukd aqG;aEG;+yD;xm;aemufrSom tpnf;ta0;ðyygu pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;
tzkd@ “tcef;wGif;EkdifiHa&;” Back room politics tjzpfrS umuG,fEkdifrnfjzpf+yD;/ aqG;aEG;csuf/ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;vnf;
vG,fvG,fulul acsarG@pGmjzpfEkdifrnfjzpfonf?
TonfrmS vlxkxJrS acgif;aqmifrsm;tzkd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;. tcef;u¾udk rSdefxm;&m ra&mufbl;vm;/ r[kwfyg?
tpyxrwGif tpnf;ta0;wcktzkd@ rnfr# jyifqifxm;onfqkdapumrl ol@tvkdvkdjzpfvmrnfr[kwfay? acgif;aqmifwOD;rS
OD;aqmifI tpnf;ta0;ac:&ef vkdtyfayonf? Tenf;tm;jzifh Tacgif;aqmifESifh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rSm }udKwifjyifqifr_ðy&rnf
jzpfonf? TtqifhrS jrifhvmaomtcg acgif;aqmifonf ol@tvkdvkd t"duae&mukd ,loGm;Ekdifrnf jzpfonf?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdaz:jyygw,f?
“'Da'orSm tajctaeu wif;rmaeygw,f/ tdrfawG[m r=umcifzsufqD;cH&awmhrSmyg? usaemf
odxm;wmu vlxkawGu orRwtdraf &S• qENjycsDwuf=uzkd@ }uHpnf;xm;=uw,f? +yD;awmh olwkd@
bwfpum; pD;+yD; tJ'Dae&m oGm;=ur,fvkd@vJ odxm;w,f? ajcv#if av#muf=urSm r[kwfbl;/ +yD;awmh
rm&S,favmuvJ &Sdaew,f? olwkd@rSm ,cifu tpkd;&±Hk; a&S•wckrSm qENjywJh tawG@t}uHKuawmh
&Sdxm;yg+yD? 'gayr,fh orRw tdrfawmfa&S•rSm r[kwfygbl;?
tao;pdwfeJ@ bufpHkaxmifhpHk tajccHvkyfief;awG jyifqif+yD;=uayr,fh vkdtyfaeao;wmu vlxkukd
a&S@ac:+yD; wkdufyGJ0ifr,fh/ pum;ajymr,fh acgif;aqmifygyJ? vlxkawG orRwtdrf csDwufwJhtcg
a=umuf&GH@pdwfawG z,f&Sm;zkd@vkdygw,f? usaemfwkd@ wa,mufeJ@ aqG;aEG;wJhtcg olu oabmwlygw,f?
odk@aomvnf; w0ufwysuf a=umufaewkef;ygyJ? csDwHkcswHk jzpfaewkef;ygyJ? 'gayr,fh vlxku qHk;jzwf+yD;
csDwufcJhygw,f? tJ'Dtcg qdkif;ihHxm;zkd@ tcGihfuscJhygawmhw,f?”
tao;pdwfjyifqifr_awG tukefvHk;+yD;+yDqkdayr,fh/ acgif;aqmifr,fholwa,mufukd a&G;cs,f+yD; tpnf;ta0;rSm t"du
aqG;aEG;&r,fh tcsufawG/ ±kwfw&uf rar#mfvifhwmawGu a&Smifv$JEkdifr,fh tcsufawGukd }udKwifaqG;aEG;&ygvdrfhr,f?
wcgw&H tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;awG[m tpnf;ta0;ukd b,fukd OD;wnfrSef;rodyJ vkyfwwf=uygw,f? 'grSm;ygw,f? tcsdef
t=um}uD; =umaewwf+yD; aemufw}udrf jyefawG@zkd@ 0efav;oGm;wwf=uygw,f? 'Dvkdt}udrf}udrf qufðyrdae&if
tpnf;ta0; rvm=uawmhygbl;? 'ga=umifh tpnf;ta0;wkdif;[m wckckvkyfzkd@ OD;wnfxm;&ygr,f?
26
6? Role- Playing tprf;avhusifhjcif;
vlxkawG[m ol@&efolukd a'goxGuf=uaomfvnf; tpykdif;rSm a=umuf&GH@=uw,f? bmjzpfvkd@vJqadk wmh
yËdyuQawGukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;wm[m olwkd@twGuf tawG@t}uHKopfjzpfvkd@ygyJ? tJ'DvlxkawGukd a&S@vmr,fh vlxk
v_yf&Sm;r_ twGuf }udKwifjyifqif&ef o&kyfaqmifjcif;enf;eJ@ jyifqifzkd@ t}uHðyEkdifygw,f? vmr,fhxdyfwkduf &ifqkdifawG@r_
twGuf 0wfpHkjynfh tprf;avhusifhjcif;oabmrsKd;ygyJ?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;eJ@ vlxkawG[m zdESdyfcH&oleJ@ zdESdyfolawG ukd,fpm; o&kyfaqmif=unfhEkdifygw,f? 'Dt}uHu vlxkawGukd
a&S@bmqufjzpfvmvdrfhrvJ bm}udKwifjyifqifxm;&r,fqkdwm }udKawG;xm;Ekdifzkd@ygyJ? zdESdyfolqDu b,fvkdwHk@jyefr_rsKd;
vmEkdifw,fqkdwm }udKawG;xm;Ekdifzkd@ygyJ? 'Dtprf;avhusifho&kyfaqmifjcif;jzifh vlxk&J@ aysmhajymif;r_eJ@ wDxGifzefwD;Ekdifr_ukd
zGH@òz;apygw,f?
Oyrm wcktm;jzifh tvmpum; urf;ajcaeolrsm;toif; (ABRA) u o&kyfaqmiftprf;avhusifhr_ wckukd
ðycJhygw,f? (ABRA)[m(1971) ZEN0g&Dv urSpygw,f? tJ'DrSmrdom;pk(500)cef@[murf;ajca'o (2)[wfwmavmuf
ajrrSm aexkdif=u+yD;ajrykdifqdkifcGifh cHk±Hk;rSm &ifqkdif=uwJhtcg ±H_;oGm;ygw,f? olwkd@[m aus;vufa'ouae òr@ay:wufvmwJh
olrsm;ygyJ/ &GH@wpuf a&wpuf ajrawGuae+yD; ,QKvkd ajrrm&vmatmif wnfaqmifcJh&wmayg? wcsKd@u ajrykdifcGifh&zkd@
av#mufxm;=uygw,f? wcsKd@uvJolwkd@ajrukdpGef@cGgoGm;=uygw,f? wcsKd@uawmh ukd,faeaewmukd,fykdifcGifh&Sdw,f,lqxm;
=uygw,f? olwkd@=um;wmu tar&duefEdkifiHom; Mr.Woolbright uolwkd@aewJhajrawGukd ykdifcGifh&w,fvkd@=um;ygw,f/
olwkd@ pv_yf&Sm;wmuawmh 'Dowif;aocsm raocsm pHkprf;wmygyJ?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u 'Dar;cGef;awGar;+yD; v_H@aqmfay;ygw,f?
“cifAsm;wkd@ 'DrSm ajrb,folykdifw,f qkdwm od=uvkd@vm;”
“[kwfw,fqkd&if b,fwkef;u cGifhðyvkdufwkef;”
“cifAsm;wkd@ rav#mufxm; cifu cGifhðyvkdufwmvm;”
“cifAsm;wkd@av#muf+yD;rS cGifhðywmqk&d ifawmh csifAsm;wkd@ t&ifOD;wmaygh?”
“Woolbriht [m pm;yGJatmufu vbfay;xm;rSmyg? 'ga=umifh cifAsm;wkd@ av#mufawmh ±H_;&wmaerSmaygh” pojzifhygyJ?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;u ,QKvkda=ujim+yD; xyfv_H@aqmfay;jyefygw,f?
“ajrykdifcGifh[m vltm;vHk;ukd a=ujim&wJh[myJ/ cifAsm;wkd@ odykdifcGifh&Sdw,f/ ar;cGifh&Sdw,f/ yxr b,folykdifovJqkdwm
pma&;ar;+yD; rdwWLwckawmif;aygh/ wu,fvkd@ !Gef=um;a&;rª;csKyfu b,folrSrykdifbl;ajym&if 'gukd ol@ukdpmeJ@a&;ckdif;/ +yD;awmh
w&m;±Hk;rSm jyvkd@&wmaygh/ usaemfwkd@ vl wwfEkdifoavmuf oGm;=uar;=u&wmyJ? wu,fvkd@ !GefcsKyf vltrsm;}uD;awG@&if
cifAsm;wkd@ awmif;qkdcsufukd *±kðyvmrdrSmyJ? b,foloGm;rvJ/ cifAsm;wkd@ ajrrykdifcsifbl;vm;/ a=umufovm;/ ” pojzifhygyJ?
vl q,fa,mufygwJh ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ csufcsif; zGJ@EkdifcJh+yD; c&kdifajrrSwfyHkwif ±Hk;ukd oGm=uzkd@jyifawmhw,f? c&kdifajr
rSwfyHkwif±Hk;u twGif;0ef tjzpfo±kyfaqmifygw,f? +yD;awmh 'Dvkdavhusifh=uygw,f?

twGif;0ef ? ? cifAsm;wkd@ b,folawGvJ/ bmvkdcsifovJ? vlawGursm;vScsnfvm;/ !Gef=um;a&;rª;uawmh tvkyf

(pnf;§rª;) rsm;aew,f/ reufjzefjyefvmyg? pmukd 'DrSm xm;cJhyg?
ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? [kwfuJhcifAsm? (pmxm;cJhrnfðyonf?)
pnf;§rª; ? ? (c%o±kyfaqmifr_ukd em;I)
r[kwfao;bl;/r[kwfao;bl;/ cifAsm;wkd@u pm&Gufrl&if;ay:rSm olukd pmvufcH&&Sda=umif; vufrSwf
xkd; cdkif;&r,f/ r[kwf&if pmukd tr_dufyHkxJ ypfvkdufrSmaygh/ +yD;awmh pmr&ygbl;vkd@ ajymrSmaygh/
wu,fvkd@ vufrw S fjyEkdif&if jiif;r&awmhbl;aygh/ [kwfovm;/ tkdau/ aemufwcg?
ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? 'gjzifhvnf;/ usaemfwkd@jyef=ur,f? +yD;awmh reufjzefrS jyefvmwmaygh?
pnf;§rª; ? ? (wcg =um;jzefjyefI)
cifAsm;wkd@ 'Dvmzkd@ b,favmufukefusovJ? cifAsm;wkd@ tcsdefb,favmuftukefcHEkdifovJ/ 'DtcsdefrSm
tvkyf vkyf&if b,favmufykdufqH&rvJ? tpkd;&0efxrf;qkdwmvJ cifAsm;wkd@ tcGefawGqDu vcay;xm;
wm r[kwfvm;/ 'gqkd&if olwkd@vc b,folay;xm;ovJ/ 'gbmvkyfwmvJ/ bmvkyfoifhw,fxifovJ?
ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? (tjcm;olrsm;yg yl;aygif;I)
ajymr,f/ tJ'Dajrb,folykdifovJjyckdif;r,f? tdrfrjyefbl;ajymr,f? tJ'DrSm olujywJh txdaer,f?
[kwfw,f? aemufw}udrfxyfcsdef;&if vlrsm;rsm;eJ@ jyefvmr,f?
27
pnf;§rª; ? ? [kwf+yD/ xyfvkyf=unfh=upkd@/ usaemfu twGif;0efvkyfr,f? pmukd 'DrSmxm;cJhyg?
ukd,fpm;vS,f ? ? aumif;yg+yD/ 'DpmrSm &&Sda=umifh vufrSwfxkd;yg?
twGif0ef? ? bma=umifhvJ/ usaemfukdr,Hkbl;vm;/ cifAsm;wkd@'D&Hk;ukd r,Hk&if rvm=ueJ@ayhg?
ukd,fpm;vS, f? ? r[kwfygbl;/ ,Hkygw,f/ 'gayr,fh cifAsm;wkd@twGufwapmif/ usKyfwkd@twGufwapmif rdwWLxm;zkd@
vkdw,f? usaemfwkd@ b,fawmh ajrydkifcGifh rdwWLawG=unfh&rvJ?
twGif;0ef ? ? usaemfrodbl;/ !Gef=um;a&;rª;tay:wnfwmyJ?
ukd,fpm;vS,f ? ? usaemfwkd@ !Gef=um;a&;rª;eJ@ b,fawmhawG@&rvJ/ reufjzefvm;/
twGif;0ef ? ? !Gef§rª; tvkyfrsm;aew,f/ aemuftywfrS jyefvmyg?
ukd,fpm;vS,f ? ? b,fawmh aemuftygwfvJ?
pnf; §rª; ? ? (=um;jzwfI) cifAsm;wkd@ toem;cHpmwif=uwkef;u b,fESpf&uf&ovJ?
vlxk ? ? 15 &uf
pnf; §rª; ? ? b,fESpf&uftwGif;xGuf&vJ?
vlxk ? ? 7 &uf?
pnf;§rª; ? ? cifAsm;wkd@ aemuftygwfapmifhae&if odyfaemufusoGm;vdrfr,f/ toem;cHpmxyfwifzkd@ rSDrSm
r[kwfbl;/ jiif;cH&rSmaygh? cifAsm;wkd@ ajrav#mufxm;cGifh Woolbright xuf t&if wifrjyEkdifbl;
qkd&if jiif;cHrSmyJ? qufvkyf&atmif/ usaemfu twGif;0efjyefvkyfr,f?
ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? tif; - reufjzefusaemfwkd@jyefvmr,f? ,QKxufvlykdrsm;r,f/ 'Dw±Hk;vHk;jynfhoGm;ap&r,f/
'DrSmajrykdifcGifh rjyrcsif; xkdifapmifhaer,f?
pnf;§ rª; ? ? aumif;w,f/ 'Dwcg xyfajymoifhwmuawmh“=unfhprf;/aumif;vkdufwJh±Hk;}uD;/ avat;pufeJ@a&rD;
tdrfom tjynfhtpHkyJ/ wu,fvkd@ ajr jiif;cH&&ifawmh 'DrSm vmaer,f/” pojzifh CO uvJ
twGif;0efukd “cifAsm; b,frSmaeovJ ”ar;yg / “ usaemfwkd@ ajrr&&if cifAsm;qD vmaer,f ”vkd@
ajymEkdifw,f? usaemfwkd@ tm;vHk; ‘oGm;wkduf ’=uwmyJ/ oGm;wkdufaq; xGufvmzkd@ bmvkyf&ovJ/
npfxkwf&w,fr[kwfvm;? 'DrSmvJ tvm;wlyJ/ usaemfwkd@ !$efrª;eJ@ awG@Ekdifzkd@ 'DvkdyJ npfxkwf&r,f/
!Gefrª;ukdvnf; ajrykdif cGifhjyzkd@ xyfnpfxkwf&OD;r,f/ 'Dwcg 'DajrykdifcGifhukd av#mufxm;wmjy+yD;
w&m;ol}uD;ukd xyfnpfxkwf&OD;r,f? cifAsm;wkd@ rnpfxkwf&if/ oGm;wkdufaq; r&ovkd? npfxkwf&r,f?
wGif;§0ef ? ? bmqkdifvkd@vJ/ 'Dukd vltrsm;}uD;eJ@xyfvmr,f/ 'gqkd&if w&m;r0ifbl;/ &Jukdac:vdkufr,fovm;/
vmaygh/ cifAsm;wkd@ awG@&rSmyJ? tckoGm;awmh/ usKyfvkyfp&mtrsm;}uD;&Sdw,f?
ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? tkdau? reufjzef 10;00 em&Dawmh ajrykdifcGifhjyzkd@jyifxm;yg/ 'grSr[kwf !$efrª;eJ@ay;awG@yg/
r[kwfbl;qkd&if igwkd@ vdrfrajymbl;qkdwm awG@ap&r,f?
pnf;§rª;? ? odyfaumif;w,f? wckqkdygpkd@? tckyJ twGif;0efukd !$efrª;eJ@ tckawG@zkd@ xyfawmif;qkdEkdifw,f? bmvkd@
rvkyfwmvJ/ 'Dwcg usaemf!$efr;ª vkyfr,f?
!$efrª; ? ? cifAsm;wkd@toif;u w&m;0ifcGifhðyxm;wJhtoif;vm;/ pm&Gufpmwrf;jyyg?
ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? r&Sdygbl;q&m/ usaemfwkd@ r[kwfygbl;?
pnf;§rª; ? ? (=um;jzwfI) 'Dvkdrajym&bl;/ ukd,t fh m;enf;csufukd 'Dvkdrjy&bl;/ vlwa,mufcsif;rSmvJ 'DajrykdifcGifhukd
=unfhEkdifwJhtcGifhta&;&Sdw,f? 'gukdajymyg?
ukd,fpm;vS,f? ? q&m? usaemfwkd@ pm&Gufpmwrf;awmhygrvmygbl;/ 'gayr,fh zdvpfykdfEkdifiHom;wa,muftaeeJ@
'gukdawmif;cGifh =unfhcGifh&Sdygw,f? tck ajrykdfcGifhjyrvm; rjybl;vm;/ rjy&if/ 'gukd pmeJ@a&;ay;yg/ rjyEkdifwJh
ta=umif;yg a&;ay;yg? +yD;awmh 'gukdywfouf+yD; usaemfwkd@ wckckxyfvkyfr,f?

7? yËdyuQrsm;ukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;jcif; (Conflict- confrontation)

aemufqHk;taeESifh pDrHudef;ESifh }udKwifjyifqifr_rsm;ðy+yD; aomtcg vufawG@xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifjcif;wckusef&Sdaeay
ao;onf? ‚wGif tqifhrsm;pGm&Sdavonf? xkdifoydwfrSwqifh zdESdyfolESifh wkduf&dkufxdyfwkdufawG@jcif;/ atmf[pfqlyljcif;
tqifh tukefvHk;yg0ifavonf? okd@aomf udpP&yfwckwkdif;wGif &nf&G,fxm;&rnfrSm ay;or#aom vlxktiftm;/ jzpfEkdifacs
ESifh tjrifhqHk;zdtm;/ tjrifhqHk;&vm'fukd &,l&ef &nf&G,fxm;&rnfjzpfonf? yËdyuQrsm;ESifh xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;&mwGif
cs&rnfh enf;y&d,m,frSm “ukd,hfrSm&SdwmeJ@ udk,fbmvkyfEkdifrvJ” yifjzpfonf?

28
okd@aomf xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_wkdif;wGif &Sdxm;&rnfh &nfrSefcsuf (2)ckrSm

1 ? zdESdyfoltm; vlxkawmif;qkdcsufrsm;vkdufavsmfvmap&ef zdtm;ay;jcif;ESifh

2 ? vlxkukd ykdrkdckdifrmapjcif; jzpfonf?

atmufwGif enf;y&d,m,ftcsKd@az:jyxm;ygonf?

u? tm%monf ukd,fhvufxJwGifom&Sdonfr[kwf?
okd@aomf &efolu ol@vufxJwGif tm%m&Sdonf[x k ifonf?
c ? vlxktawG@t}uHKtjyifbufrS vkyfief;rsKd;rvkyfygESifh? vlxkr}uHKbl;aomtawG@t}uHKenf;y&d,m,fcsrdygu vlxktzkd@
awGa0jcif;/ a=umuf&GH@jcif;/ aemufqkwfjcifh rsm;jzpfvmwwfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh qufqHa&;vnf; ysuf,Gif;
vmwwfonf?
* ? &efolr}uHKbl;aom/ rar#mfvifhaom enf;emrsm;udk &SmoHk;yg?
&efolukd awGa0/ a=umuf&GH@/ aemufqkwfoGm;ap&efjzpfonf?
C? &efolukd olwkd@csrSwfxm;aom pmtkyf}uD;/ pnf;rsOf;awGxJrmS yJ aeap&efvkyfyg? olwkd@ukd 'geJ@yJ tEkdifjyef,lEkdifonf?
i ? ajymifavSmif oa&mfjcif;onf tpGrf;xufaom vufeufwrsKd;jzpfonf? ‚ukd jyefvSefacsy&efvnf; rpGrf;omacs?
twdkuftcHzufukd a'goxGufap+yD; trSm;rSm; t,Gif;,Gif; ðyrlapum ‚ukd udk,fhtwGuf xyftokH;csEkdifonf?
wcgw&H &efol. wHk@jyefcsufay: rlwnf+yD;rS rdrdwkd@ v_yf&Sm;r_ukd pwifEkdifonf?
p ? taumif;qHk;enf;y&d,m,fwckrSm vlxkrsm; aysmf&$ifpGm yg0ifvufcHap&rnf jzpfonf? wcgw&H vlxku olwkd@
vkyfaqmifcsufwGif pdwftm;i,fp&m&Sdvmv#if pdwfnpfnL;p&mjzpfvmv#if enf;y&d,m,fcs&mwGif wckckrSm;,Gif;ae+yD
ukdodxm;&rnf?
q? enf;y&d,m,fwckxJuydk J =um&SnfpGm toHk;ðyaecJhv#if jyif&D +iDaiG@zG,f&mjzpfwwfonf? jy\emwcktay: vlxku
tcsdefumv twkdif;twm wckxdom aoG;ºuaewwf=uonf? aemufykdif;wGif ±kd;tDoGm;wwfonf/ tcrf;tem;
qefqef jzpfoGm;wwfonf? xkd@a=umifh jy\emtopf/ v_yf&Sm;r_topfrsm; az:xkwfay;&rnf?
Z? qufwkduf qufwkduf rwlaom enf;y&d,m,f/ rwlaom v_y&f Sm;r_rsm;jzifh tajctae tcsdeftcg vkdufI &efolukd
zdtm; tqufrjywfay;xm;yg?
ps ? wcgw&H +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;onf ol. yifukd,fvkyfEkdifonfxuf ykdI a=umufp&maumif;aewwfonf?
n? enf;y&d,m,f. t"du &nf&G,fcsufrSm rdrd&efolukd tquftjywfzdtm;ay;xm;Ekdif&eftwGuf rdrdv_yf&Sm;r_ukd
zGH@òz;aeap&efjzpfonf? rdrdenf;yd&d,m,f rnfokd@OD;wnfaeonfukd owdrvyfapmifh=unfhae&rnf? wHk@jyefcsuftay:
vkdufI xyfwkd;wkdufckdufEkdifonfjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh zdtm;tqufrjywfay;xm;ekdifa&;twGuf }udKwifwGufqxm;&ef
vkdtyfonf>?
Ë ? rddwkdufckdufr_atmifjrif&efrSm tjcm;t&Henf;wck}udKwifjyifqifxm;&efjzpfonf? tu,fI &efolu csufcsif;
tavsmhay; vkdufavsmygu aocsmjyifqifxm;aom awmif;qkdcsufr&Sdygu rdrdwkd@ qHk;±_H;rnfjzpfonf?
É ? owfrSwfcsuf (Target) a&G;cs,fyg?
tm±kHpl;pkdufxm;yg? raysmufoGm;ygapESifh? owfrSwfcsufa&G;cs,f&rnfpHrsm;rSm - xdckdufvG,fjcif;jzpfonf?
owfrSwfcsufukd csdef&G,fxm;aomtcsdefwGif tjcm;om;aumifjzwfoGm;ovkdjzpfapaom jiif;cHkcsufrsm;ukd vHk;0
ypfy,f&rnf jzpfonf? okd@r[kwfygu om;aumifvGwfoGm;rnfjzpfonf?
È? owfrSwfcsuf a&G;cs,f&mwGif yk*~dKvfwOD;wa,mufukd a&G;cs,fyg? okd@aomf &&Sd&ef cufcJwwfonf? okd@aomf
vlxktaejzifh “acG;rom;” wa,mufa,muf tm±HkpkdufvG,f cHpm;csufjzpfvG,f=uonf?

zdESdyfr_rsm;=um;rs vlxkEkd;=um;vmap&efrSm a,bl,s pGyfpGJcsufrsm;ESifh omrvHkavmufacs? wdusaomjy\emESifh

vufawG@ xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_rsm; zdESdyfolrsm;ESifhawG+yD;aomtcgrSom &ifhusufvm=uonf? tpueOD;wGif pdwful;,Ofp&m
raumif;vSac? pwifazgufcJG&aom jy\emrsm;rSm ao;i,faom vufawGvkdtyfcsufrsm;jzpfonf? v#yfppfrD; / a&/
rdv†mpepf/ usef;rma&;/ vkyfcGifusef;rma&; ponfwkd@omjzpfonf? tpykdif;wGif tvGJoHk;pm;vkdyfaeol wOD;OD;ukd &nf&G,f=u
&wwfonf? aemufykdif;wGif jy\emrsm;rSm ykdI taoppdwfvm+yD; eufeJvmwwf=uonf?
yËdyuQrsm; xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;=uonfh ae&mwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf bmvkyfoifhoenf?

29
 rlvu pDrHudef;rsm;ESifh }udKwifavhusifhxm;jcif;rsm; aumif;rGefpðG yxm;yg? ar#mfrSef;xm;onfhtwkdif; tqifajy
acsmarG@ oGm;ayrnf? xkdtacg bmrSvkyfp&mrvkdtyfyJ aemufxyfjyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;twGuf ab;rS apmifh=unfh&efom
vkdtyfonf? okd@aomf rar#mfvifhonfht&mwckckjzpfvmygu ‚tajctaeukd xdef;odrf;&ef pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS 0iful
&avh&Sdonf?
usL;ausmftdrf,maeolrsm;ESifh tvkyfvkyfaom pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf ‚vlxkrS (vlr_zlvHka&;Xme DSW)
rS tao;pm;acs;aiGrsm; &&ef}udK;pm;v#uf&Sdonf? yËdyuQxdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_i,frsm; rsm;pGm+yD;pD;oGm;aomtcg aqG;aEG;yGJwck
jzpfvm&awmhonf? tvkyform; ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh DSW t&m&Sdukd,fpm;vS,f (3) OD; bk&m;ausmif;wckwGif aqG;aEG;
=uonf? ‚teufrS t&m&Sdwa,mufrSm yg;eyf+yD; vlxkawGa0oGm;atmif ar;cGef;rsm;pGmukd vSnfhywfar;aeawmhonf?
vlxkrSmvnf; pum;0kdif;ukd tjzwfrjzwfEkdifyJ jzpfvm&awmhonf? xkd@a=umifh pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rS bk&m;ausmif;rS
bkef;awmf}uD;tm; xkdt&m±dS (3) OD;tm; vufzuf&nfwkduf&ef zdwfac:ckdif;vkduf+yD; c%em;ckdifwGif vlxktm; rnfokd@rnfyHk
rSm;aeonf/ rnfokd@awmif;qkdajym=um;&rnfukd jyefvnfaqG;aEG;ckdif;cJhonf? tpnf;ta0;jyefpaomtcg vlxktm;
bmvkyf&rnfqkdonfukd od+yD;jzpfapcJhonf?
t+rJwrf; yËyuQrsm;ukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifajz&Sif;jcif;wGif zdESdyfolESifh zdESdyfcH&oltzkd@/ zdESdyfcH&olrsm;zufrS t+rJtEkdif
&&ef vkdtyfayonf? vlxkonf w&m;aom awmif;qkdcsufukd awmif;aejcif;jzpf&m zdESdyfoltzkd@ atmufyg (2)vrf;ukdom
a&G;p&m&Sdawmhonf?
tay:pD;rS aeI tcsKd@tcGifhta&;ukd ay;rvm; okd@r[kwf jiif;y,frvm; qkdonfyif? zdESdyfolrsm;tzkd@ nD!Gwfpkpnf;+yD;
umvwGif xdyfwkdufawG@r_/ wkdufckdufr_rsm;+yD;onfhaemufwgif tcsKd@ tcGihfta&;rsm; ay;&rnfyif? ‚onf ‚wkd@.
vHk;0atmifjrifr_r[kwfao;ay? qufvufpkpnf;I qufvufwkdufyGJ0if&OD;rnfukd oabmaygufxm;&rnfjzpfayonf?
tu,fI zdESdyfolu ‚w&m;aom awmif;qkdcsufrsm;ukd jiif;y,fcJhygu vlxkukd ykdI ckdif+rJap&rnfjzpfonf?
tu,fI zdESdyfolu vlxktm; tiftm;toHk;ðyvmcJhygu ol@tzkd@ vlxkukd ykdrkdE_d;=um;wufºuatmif/ rr#w
rw&m;r_ukd ykdrkday:vGifatmif vlxktm; wGef;ykd@&rnfjzpfonf?
yËdyuQrsm;xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifawG@jcif;wGif pnf;vHk;aom vlxkESifh ‚. ypfrSwf=um;wGif zdESdyfolrS umuG,fEkdifaom
enf;vrf;rsm;&Sdayonf? ‚wkd@taejzifh xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_ukd t±H_;ay;jcif;(okd@r[kwf) xGufajy;jcif;rsKd;r&Sday? ‚ukd
=um;cHrsm;/ wqifhcHolrsm;/ ukd,f&Hawmfrsm; vGwfIvlxkukd ESifxkwfjcif;/ vlxkESifh a0;apjcif; rsm;ðywwfayonf? xkd@a=umifh
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ rsufESmcsif;qkdifawG@Ekdifatmif enf;vrf;rsKd;pHk&SmazGapoifhonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rªwa,mufu 'Dvkd
azmfjyygw,f?
“vlxku a&ykdufawG wyfqifay;zkd@ awmif;qkdaewmukd òr@ykdifu ykef;aeygw,f? vlxku tpkdvkdufoGm;awG@+yD;
awG@qHkcGifh&zkd@ }udK;pm;ygw,f? 'gukd olu oabmrwlygbl;? olu vleJeJqkda&if awG@qHkEkdifr,fajymygw,f? 'geJ@ 'Dtkyfpk}uD;ukd
cGJvkduf+yD; tkyfpki,frsm; tjzpf (&) a,muf(8) a,mufavmufpDeJ@ zGJ@vkdufygw,f? wzGJ@pDu òr@ykdifeJ@awG@zkd@awmif;qkdygw,f?
w&ufxJ tcsdefxJawmif;=uygw,f? 'DvkdxdyfwkdufawG@+yD;wJhaemufrSm a&ykdufawGvmwyfay;&ygawmhw,f?
tcsKd@vltkyfpkrsm;wGif acgif;aqmifwa,muf 2 a,mufay:wGifom tm;ukd;tm;xm;vGef;aom trSm;rsKd;}uHKavh&Sd
=uonf? vlxkukd olwkd@ukd aemufu axmufcHay;zkd@ac:oGm;avhr&Sd=uygbl;? zdESdyfolawGeJ@ oGm;awG@wJhtcgvnf; tvm;wl
ygyJ? 'g[m aemufjyefqGJapygw,f? vlwpku vlwa,muftay: rSDckdjcif;[m ukd,fh&J@enf;y&d,m,feJ@ukd,fh&J@
awmif;qkdcsufukd tm;enf;apygw,f? wzGJ@wpnf;vHk;jzpf&rSmyg? Oyrmwckukd azmfjy&&if / oifwef;om; pnf;§rª;
wa,mufu ol@acgif;aqmifukd ,QKvkd jyefajymjyygw,f? olu tvkyform;wpkukd pnf;±Hk;ae+yD; “tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme”
qDukd olwkd@&J@ r&wJ@ vkyfcawGtwGuf awmif;qkdzkd@jyifae=uygw,f? 'Doifwef;om; pnf;§rª;&J@ t&nftcsif;ukdodcsifwmeJ@
oifwef;q&mu ,QKvkdar;vkdufygw,f?
“bmawG wdwdusus awmif;qkdrvJ”
“usaemfrodygbl;/ a&S•ae OD;b u jyifqifaewmygy”J
“b,fol@rSm pm&Gufpmwrf;/ awmif;qkdcsuf/ a=ujimcsuf/ taxmuftxm; tjynfhtpHk&SdovJ”
“a&S•aeOD;b rSmygy”J
“a&S•ae OD;b r&SdcJh&if b,folpum;ajymrSmv”J
“rodygbl;/ a&S•ae OD;b wa,mufxJ tquftoG,ftm;vHkodwmyJ”
pum;ajymae=uwmeJ@wif 'Dtjzpftysuf[m odomygw,f? a&S•ae OD;b wa,mufxJ tm;vHk;vkyfaeygw,f? aemufqHk;rSm
awmh q&mu oifwef;om;ukd ar;ygapw,f?
“tu,fI a&S•ae OD;b reufjzef aooGm;&if rif;eJ@ vkyfom;awG bmvkyf=urvJ” ol rajzEkdifawmhygbl;?
“rif;eJ@ rif;wkd@ jy\emwckvHk; oleJ@ ajrusif;xJ vkdufqif;=uawmhr,f” q&mu aumufcsufcsygw,f?
30
 vlxkyg0ifv_yf&Sm;a&;qkdwmu wwfEkdifor#vlxk[m 'Denf;y&d,m,frSm/ xdyfwkdufawG@r_/ !SdE_dif;r_rSmyg0ifygwfouf
a&; jzpfygw,f? tu,fI vlxku yg0ifwkdufckdufcJh&if 'g[m olwkd@ wkdufyGJ/ atmifjrifcJh&if olwkd@ atmifyJG vkd@ cH,l=uygr,f?
+yD;awmh vlxkacgmif;aqmifukd zdESdyfolu vmbfxkd;zsufqD;wmrsKd;ukd umuG,fEkdifygw,f? bmjzpfvkd@vJqkdawmh vlxkrsm;
ukd,fwkdifu apmifh=unfhae&vkd@ygyJ?

8? aphpyf!SdE_dif;jcif; (Negotiations)
aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;onf vlxktiftm;. toD;tyGifhjzpfonf? vlxku awmif;qkdcsufjzifh v_yf&Sm;+yD;aemuf olwkd@.
awmif;qkdcsuf tao;pdwfukd av;av;eufeufem;axmif&ef zdtm;ay;Ekdifjcif;jzpfonf? aphpyf!SdE_dif;jcif;onf ESpfOD; ESpfzuf
vHk;rS wdusaomtajzukd &Sm&ef vkdvm;aomtcgrS pwifvmayonf? ‚tqifhonf atmf[pfqlyljcif;ESifh xdyfwkduf
awG@jcif; tqifhwkd@ukd jzwfoef;+yD;rS jzpfvmayonf?
vlxktzkd@ aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;pm;yGJay:wGif tompD;&&Sd&efrSm aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;twGufoifhawmhaomtajctaersm;
jyifqif xm;jcif;jzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu 'Dvkdajymjyygw,f?
“usaemfwkd@u vufOD;r_&apzkd@eJ@tom&apzkd@ vlxkzufuukd,fpm;vS,fukd yxray;ajymapygw,f? pawmif;qkdcsuf
rsm; ay;+yD; bmqufvkyfr,fajymjyygw,f? tjcm;wzufuvnf; 'DvkdawG;xm;yHkygyJ/ yxr pajymzkd@ awmif;qkdygw,f?
olajymaewHk; usaemfwkd@u =um;jzwf+yD; “usaemfwkd@ EkdifiHawmfoDcsif;qkd=u&atmif” qkd+yD; vkyfygw,f? tm;vHk;x&yf+yD;
qkd=u&ygw,f? olwkd@ vufOD;r_ukd zsufEkdifvkdufygw,f?”

'DtcsuftvufawGukd aphpyf!SdE_dif;wJhae&mrSm ukdifpGJoifhygw,f?

u? !SdE_dif;pm;yGJwGif aqG;aEG;rnfholonf jy\emwckvHk;ESifh tjiif;tcHkjzpfr_rsm;ukd }udKwifodxm;&ygrnf? ‚tjyif ‚wdk@

&vkdr_ ESifh tompD;jzpfaomtajctae/ oabmxm;ESifh twkduftcHzufrS v_yf&Sm;Ekdifr_rsm;ukd odxm;&ygrnf?
c ? !SdE_dif;r_ukd vlxktdrf,m&Sd&ma'o (okd@r[kwf) =um;a'owckckwGif vkyf&ygrnf? tu,fI &efolu ole,fajyxJrSmom
cGifhðyygu rdrdzufe,fajrwGif t&ifusif;y&ef +yD;rS om wvSnfhpD ðyvkyf&ef awmif;qkd&rnf?
aqG;aEG;r_ukd vlxk=um;Ekdifaom/ vlxkem;axmifEdkifaoma'owGif omjzpfoifhonf? aqG;aEG;!SdE_dif;r_ukd [kdw,f/
pm;aomufqkdif}uD;rsm;wGif vkyfjcif;ukd a&Smif=uOfyg?
*? &efolajymor# a=ujimcsuf/ jiif;cHkcsufrsm;ukd vHk;0vufrcHygESifh? rdrdtcsuftvufESifh wkdufqkdifppfaq;yg?
C? jy\emtay: qkyfukdifxm;yg? rvkdtyfyJ pum;tao;tzGJajymr_utp a&SmifusOfyg? vlxktuJjzwf wa,mufrS
tv†my ov†my ajymr_rsm;ukd jzwfypfckdif;yg?
i? ukd,fpm;vS,f(okd@) qHk;jzwf&ef tcGifhtm%m&Sdol r[kwfolwOD;ESifh b,fawmhr# raqG;aEG;ygESifh? aqG;aEG;yGJtpuwnf;u
,if;tcsufukd aocsmygap? qHk;jzwfcGifhtm%mr&Sdv#if ESifxkwfvkdufyg?
p? aoG;cJG;+yD; tEkdif,l&ef vkyfrnfh tajctaersKd;ukd owdxm;yg? &efolzufrS vlxkukd,fpm;vS,fxJrS olaumufukdif &Edkifol
wa,mufukd cGJxkwf+yD; ol@twGuf tvkyfvkyfoGm;Ekdifonf? vlxk tuJjzwf wa,mufxm;+yD; ‚ukd
apmifh=unfhckdif;yg? ‚vlxk ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@rSm ,cifxJu !SdE_dif;qHk;jzwfxm;+yD;om;jzpf&rnf?
q? tu,fI !SdE_dif;onfh ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@rS awGa0vmygu pdwfnpfnL;vmygu em;&ef awmif;qkdEkdifonf?
Z? aemufxyftajctaeukd avhvm&ef aumfrwDzGJ@jcif;ukd b,fawmhrS oabmrwlygESifh? ‚onf &efolu tcsdefqGJaom
enf;y&d,m,fomjzpfonf? vrf;a=umif;ajymif;oGm;aprnf? tu,fI oifhzufrS toHk;ðy&ef tcsdefqJ&G ef vkdtyfygu
&efoltm; T vrf;a=umif;ukd csay;Ekdifonf?
ps? tm;vHk;+yD;ygu aqG;aEG;&or#tcsufrsm;ukd csa&;I tjzL(okd@) trnf; ar;yg? vufrSwfxkd;ckdif;yg? Ttcsuftvufukd
aocsmap&efrSm ab;rS apmifh=unfholwOD;xm;I tao;pdwfukd rSwfom;apjcif;jzpfonf?
!SdE_dif;aqG;aEG;yGJrS &vm'f wdk;wufr_rsm;ukd atmufajctoif;0iftm;vHk;okd@ csjy&rnf? Ttcsufonf ta&;}uD;onf?
tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf aqG;aEG;yGJ ysufjym;oGm;ygu v_yf&mS ;r_ topfwck vkdtyfvmrnf jzpfaoma=umifh jzpfonf?
acgif;aqifrSm atmufajci,fom;rsm;twGuf wm0ef&Sd+yD; bmjzpfysufaeonfukd t+rJwrf; today;ae&rnfjzpfonf?
wcsdefwnf;rSmyif vlxkonf ay:vpDcsrSwfa&;ESifh qHk;jzwfcsufðyvkyaf &;twGuf tm%mykdifyifjzpfonf? tvmwl aqG;aEG;yGJ
0if ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ukdvnf; tcsdefra&G;a0zefcsufay;Ekdifonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rSm “tajccHvkyfief;” rsm;rS wqifh
t}uHay;jcif; tm;wufapjcif;/ a0zefjcif;rsm; ðyvkyfay;Ekdifonf?

31
9? jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; (Reflection)
v_yf&Sm;r_wck+yD;wkdif; tjzpftysufwck+yD;wkdif;jyefvnfokH;oyf&ef/ jyefvnfpdppf&ef aemufxyftpDpOfcsrSwf&ef
vkdtyfayonf? ,QKv_yf&Sm;r_wGif yg0ifcJholrsm;tm;vHk; ukd jyefvnfzdwf=um;yg? ‚tpDtpOfwGif wkduf±dlufryg0ifolrsm;vnf;
wufa&mufEkdifonf? TuJhokd@ jyefvnfoHk;oyfr_r&Sdygu ,QiftawG@t}uHKrsm;onf arhavsmhukef=u+yD;oGm;=urnfjzpf+yD;/
‚ukd jyefvnfqifcsifoHk;oyf&mrS &vmaom odpdwf r&&Sd=uyJ jzpfaeayrnf? r=umrDu +yD;cJhaom v_yf&Sm;r_ukd jyefvnf
qGJxkwf+yD; oHk;oyfapjcif;jzifh/ ‚. ta&;ygr_/ tm;omcsuf/ tm;enf;csufrsm;ukd odEkdifvmrnfjzpfonf?
jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;onf v_yf&Sm;jcif;/ jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; puf0kdif;wck. tqHk;jzpf+yD; tjcm;puf0kdif;wck.
tpjzpfonf? vlxkonf olwkd@v_yf&Sm;r_tay: jyefvnfoHk;oyf=u+yD;/ tcsKd@ oifcef;pmwkd@ xkwfE_wfoif=um;Ekdifum tjcm;
v_yf&Sm;r_ wckokd@ OD;wnfaponf? tjcm;tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESifh tvmwlyif ‚ “jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; tpnf;ta0;”
ukdvnf; }udKwifjyifqifr&_ Sdap&rnf? tu,fI tzGJ@i,fygu wOD;csif;ukd v_yf&Sm;r_ rpwifrdu cHpm;csufrsm;/ ta&;cif;wck/
tjzpftysufwck twGif; cHpm;r_ESifh +yD;pD;oGm;aomugv wGif cHpm;csufrsm;ukd ar;jref;Ekdifonf? tu,fI tzGJ@tpnf;
}uD;ygu xkdtzGJ@tpnf;wGif wckck OD;aqmif&ef t&nftcsif;&Sdolrsm;/ tajymta[maumif;olrsm;ukd ajymqkdwkdufwGef;
oifhonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wOD;u jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;jzifh tvkyform;tzG@J wzGJ@ b,fvkd ajymif;vJwkd;wufvm&w,f qkdwm
ajymjyygw,f?
“ yxrqHk;olwkd@ tvkyform;awG ta=umif; ajym=uawmh tm;vHk;wdwfqdwfae=u+yD; a=umuf&GH@ae=uygw,f?
pum;us,fus,fawmif ajym&Jolr&SdoavmufygyJ? wa,mufeJ@ wa,muf wdk;wkd;usdwfusdwf ajym=uwmavmufyJ&Sdw,f?
olwkd@ rv_yfr&Sufjzpfae=uyHku &,fp&mawmif aumif;ygw,f? olwkd@[m w±kyfolaX;eJ@ ukwfeJ@vnfpD;0wfvmwJh oltm;vHk;
ukd a=umuf&GH@aeawmhwmygyJ? tywfaygif;rsm;pGm v_yf&Sm;r_/ jyefvnfoHk;oyfr_awG +yD;vmwJhtcgrSmawmh olwkd@rSm
a=umuf&GH@pdwfawG / odrfi,fpdwfawG[m wajz;ajz; aysmufoGm;ygw,f? olwkd@ w±kyfolaX;ukd wcgwcgjyefajymwm=um;&
ygw,f? “olcsD;vJ igwkd@vkd eHwmygyJuGm/ olb,fvkd0wfpm;xm;xm; eHwmygyJ ” tJovkd awmif ajymvm=uygawmhw,f? ”
'DvkdjyefvnfoHk;oyfwJhpnf;a0;yGJawGuae+yD; vlxkawG[m vlxktm%mqkdwm b,fvkdqkdwmrsKd; todw&m;&Sdvm
=uygw,f? vlxk&J@ qHk;jzwfcsuf ay;oifw h ,f/ vlxkrSmt&m&mukd ajymif;vJEkdifwJh pGrf;tif&Sdw,f qkdwmygyJ? 'Duae
wajz;ajz; olwkd@ b,ftxdvkyfEkdifw,f/ olwkd@ b,ftxd oGm;Ekdifw,fqkdwm oabmaygufvm=uygawmhw,f?
toif;tzGJ@ wckwGif; wGif zdESdyfolwOD;ukd jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; t}udrf}udrf ðyjcif;jzifh ol. &yfwnfr_ taetxm; ukd
aysmufvmapEkdif+yD; vlxkuvnf; ‚ukd 0kdif;y,f&ef oabmaygufvm=uawmhonf? tzGJ@tpnf;twGif; tzGJ@0iftm;vHk;u
‚ukd *±kwpkduf=unfh±_aejcif;jzifh ‚ukd‚t&Suf&vmaponf?
tvm;wlpGmyif jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;enf;tm;jzihf vlxkaexkdifae&=uaomb0ESifh acwfpepfukd odapEkdifonf?
vlxk. a0zefr_ tvif;a&mifukd vlxk twGif;rsKd;aphcsay;Ekdifonf? jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;tpnf;ta0;ukd odyfav;av;eufeuf
yHkpHwus}uD; ðyvkyf&ef rvkdtyfyg? atmifyGJcHjcif;ESifh aysmfyGJ&$ifyGJrsm;vnf; vkdtyfygonf?

atmufygwkd@rSm jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; twGuf ar;cGef;tcsKd@jzpfygonf?

u? cifAsm;±Hk;ukd a&mufwJhtcg(ok@dr[kwf) v_yf&Sm;r_xJa&mufwJhtcg b,fvkdcHpm;&ygovJ?

c ? &efol&J@ pum;vHk;/ vkyfukdifr_ / oabmxm; awGukd b,fvkd wHk@jyefrvJ
* ? t}uHtpnf; twkdif;a&mufatmif b,fvkdvkyfaqmif=uovJ? acgif;aqmifu b,fvkd vkyfovJ? bmawGrSm;w,fvkd@
xifygovJ? tJ'Dtpm; b,fvkdðyjyifoifhovJ?
C? tpykdif;rSm bmjzpfvkd@ a=umuf&GH@ae&ovJ? +yD;awmh b,fvkd owWd&SdvmovJ? vlxk&J@ tiftm;qkdwmbmvJ?
i ? ±Hk;t&m±dSu b,fvkdwkef@jyefygovJ? usaemfwkd@ acgif;aqmifu b,fvkdwHk@jyefygovJ?
Tar;cGef;tm;vHk;ukd v_yf&Sm;r_wck+yD;wkdif; ar;jref;Ekdifonf? tu,fI vlxkrS pdwftm;xufoefygv#if tm%m&J@
oabmw&m;ukd vlxkpOf;pm;Ekdifatmif &uftenf;i,f+yD;rS vkyfEkdifonf? vlxk&J@ yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_/ acgif;aqmif.
tcef;u¾/ tem*gwfrSm b,fvkdyHkpH vlaer_pepf vkdcsifovJ/ xdyfwkdufawG@r_&J@ tusKd;eJ@ tjypfrsm;/ yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;rS t,ltq
tpHkpHk/ tjcm;EkdifiH. orkdif;rsm; pojzifh vJ yg0ifEkdifonf?
Ttpnf;ta0;rpwifcif qufpyfaom Game wckck ðyEkdifonf? orRmusrf;pmukd zwf+yD; csJ@xGif ukd;um;
Ekdifonf? orRmusrf;pmu 'geJ@ywfouf+yD; bmajymovJ/ Oyrm acgif;aqmif. tcef;u¾ pojzifh toHk;ðyEkdifonf? ‚u
vlwkd@&Jܼu,f0r_eJ@ OpPmcGJa0r_ta=umif;/ w&m;r#wr_ta=umif;bmajymygovJ pojzifh ukd;um;Ekdifonf?

32
10? r[mrdwftiftm;pkrsm; Support Group
vlxkwkd@ tm%m&&Sda&;twGuf pnf;±Hk;&mwGif rdrdwkd@ukd axmufcHaom tiftm;pkrsm;ukdvnf; t"duxm;&efvJ
ta&;}uD;onf? ‚wGif axmufcHaomtiftm;pkrSm tqifhtwef; rsKd;rsKd;yg0ifayonf? tzdESdyfcHrsm;ukd pnf;±Hk;&mwGif
vlukd,fwkdif ryg0ifEkdifonfjzpfap/ ±kyf0wWKtm;/ pdwf"gwfa&;&mt& tm;ay;Ekdifolrsm;vJ yg0ifayonf? tcsKd@olrsm;rSm
aiGa=u;axmufyHhjcif;ðyEkdifum/ pnf;±Hk;a&;oifwef;rsm; tvG,fwulðyekdif+yD;/ aiGa=u;&HyHkaiG/ pm;a&;aoufa&;ukd tcsdef
ukefcHum &SmazG&ef rvcktyfawmhay? tcsKd@rSm owif;jzef@csDa&;ukd ulnDEkdifonf? tcsKd@rSm ‚wkd@pufr_vkyfief;qkdif&m
tcsKd@ukd ulnDEkdifonf?
‚axmufcHaom tiftm;pkrsm;ukd t=urf;tm;jzifh (2) ckcGJEkdifygonf? wckrSm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;ESifh pnf;±Hk;a&;
vkyfief;tqifhqihfukd ulnDEkdifolrsm;jzpf+yD; ta&tawGuftm;jzifh eJyg;ygonf? tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf pGef@vGwfr_eJ@
av;eufpGm ,Hk=unfr_ vkdaoma=umifhjzpfonf? tcsKd@rSm udpP&yfwck/ jy\em&yfwckavmufwGif ulnDEkdifolrsm;om
trsm;tm;jzifhjzpf=uonf? Oyrm? ? ywf0ef;usif xknpfnrf;r_/ usL;ausmftdrf,m? trsKd;orD;u,fq,fa&; ponf?
yxrtqifhaxmufcHaomtiftm;pkrsm;rSm vlxk pnf;±Hk;a&;toif;tyif;wckrS jzpfEkdif+yD; ‚wkd@u 'kwd, tiftm;pkrsm;ukd
&Sm&jyefonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh aiGa=u;ESifh ±kypf wWKtaxmuftyHhay;Ekdifzkd@jzpfonf?
'kwd,tiftm;pkrsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzihf a&S•aersm;/ òr@jyaeolrsm;/ bmoma&;toif;rsm;/ okawoeorm;rsm;/
owif;orm;rsm; ponfwkd@onf olwkd@ pdwf0ifpm;aom jy\em okd@r[kwf tcsed fwkd wGif olwkd. tquftoG,f/
t&nftcsif; wkd@jzifh vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;kd ulnDEkdifygonf?
ta&;}uD;onfrSm vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;rS rdrdwkd@bmvkyf=u&rnfukdqHk;jzwf=u&rnfjzpf+yD; axmufcHaomolrsm;u
rnfonfhbufrS ulnDay;Ekdifonfukd aygif;pyf=u&rnfjzpfonf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh rnfokd@tm;jzihf axmufcH
aom tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh r[mrdwfðyrvJ?
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftaejzifh rdrdwkd@ ajz&Sif;aeae&aom jy\emwGif rnfonfwkd@ pdwf0ifpm;Ekdifonf &SmazG=u
&rnfjzpfonf? tu,fI zdESdyfolu tjypf&Sdvmaomtcg Oya'csKd;azmufI vlrqefpGmðyrlvmaomtcg tpkd;&Xmersm;u
yif taxmuftcH&Ekdifao;onf? tvG,fulqHk;rSm bmoma&;toif;rsm;jzpf=uonf? ‚wGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@
tpGef; (2)yg;ukd a&SmifusOf&ayrnf? tcsKd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;rsm;rSm rnfonfh axmufcHaom tiftm;pkrS r&Smvkd=uacs?
tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf ‚wkd@rSm vlxkxH tiftm;pkrsm;ESifh qufpyfaeaoma=umifhjzpfonf? xkd@a=umifh olwkd@u vlxk.
v_yf&Sm;r_oefhoef@ ukdom ðyvkd=uonf? TonfrSm trSm;wckjzpfonf?
tjcm;trSm;tpGef;wzufrSm vHk;vHk; axmufcHaom tiftm;pkrsm;ay:okd@ rSDckdjcif;jzifh yËdyuQ xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifjcif;
rsm;ukd atmifjrifvkd=uonf? t+rJ jy\emwck}uHKvmwkdif; r[mrdwfrsm;xHajy;=uonf? taumif;qHk;enf;emrSm vlxkukd
ol@bmom t"du tiftm;pktjzpf}uD;xGm;vmatmif wwfEkdifoI taxmuftyH tiftm;pkrsm;rygyJ zGH@òz;&ifhusufvm
atmif vkyf&efyifjzpfonf?

tcef; (4)

tzGJ@tpnf;yHko¾ef
vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;onf “vlqif;&Jrsm;. tm%mtiftmpk” rsm;jzpf=uonf? TtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;. wdusaom
wm0efrSm vlqif;&Jrsm;ESifh tm%mvufrJhrsm;ukd olwkd@ tem*gwfukd olwkd@ zefwD;cGifh &ap&ef/ olwkd@. vuf&Sdb0 ukd olwkd@
qENtwkdif; yHkoGif;cGifh&ap&efyifjzpfonf?
olwkd@onf tzdESdyfcHwkd@. tm%mvufrJhwkd@. A[kdcsuf tajzjzpfonf? vlxk tpnf;t±Hk;rsm;onf tjcm;tpnf;
t±Hk;rsm;ESifh yHko¾efutp qHk;jzwfcsufcsyHk/ tpDtpOfa&;qJGykH/ v_yf&Sm;yHk/ jyefvnfoHk;oyfyHkutp uGmjcm;ayonf?
‚wkd@rSm acgif;aqmiftenf;pku csKyfukdifxm;&efr[kwfyJ atmufajcxk toif;0if}uD;w&yfvHk;u csKyfukdif&efjzpfonf?
vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;onf pwifpcguyif yHko¾eft& tvkdvkd uGJjym;ayonf? tpOD;ykdif;wGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@
ol@ukd,fol owdxm;rdrnfr[kwfay? Oyrmtm;jzihf a&G;cs,fwifajrmufjcif;/ Oya'a&;qGJjcif;/ ponfhta&;}uD;vSonfr[kwf
t"du tm;jzifh tzGJ@tpnf;tESpfom& uon yxrvkdtyfayonf? tESpfom& qkdonfrSm “vkyfom;xkrsm;/ vlxkrsm;
twlwuG tvkyfvkyfjcif;ESifh qef@usifv_yf&Sm;jcif;” yifjzpfonf?
tpykdif; a'owckwGif 'Drkdua&pD toif;I,frsm; rsm;pGm r_dvkdaygufEkdifygonf? xdktcg zGJ@pnf;yHk vkdtyfvmygonf?
okd@aom zGJ@pnf;yHkrSm tESpfom&aemufu vkduf&rnfomjzpfygonf?
33
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufu tqifhawGukd 'Dvkd&Sif;jyygw,f?
“tzGJ@wck[m jy\em (3)ck av;ck avmufwkdufyGJjzwfoef;+yD;=uwJhtcgrSm wkdufyGJxJuae acgif;aqmifxGufay:
vmygw,f? 'DtcgrSm yHkpHwus tzGJ@tpnf;zGJ@Ekdifyg+yD/ Oyrm wlwmuawmh trd0rf;wGif;u uav;i,fvkdygyJ? yxrðyvkyfzkd@ /
+yD;awmh arG;zGm;zkd@ +yD;rS trnfay;&ygw,f? 'g[m tzGJ@tpnf;awG ðyvkyfzkd@jzwfoef;&rnfhobm0tqifhawG jzpfygw,f?
tu,fI tjcm;enf;awGeJ@pwifcJh&if Oyrm acgif;aqmifukdyxra&G;cs,fjcif; vkyf&if vlxkawG[m aemufukd xkdifoGmygr,f?
olwkd@ jy\em0efxkyf0efykd;}uD;ukd acgif;aqmifawG vufxJxnfhvkdufa&m”
'DyHkpH[m [kwfygw,f? Oyrm vlxt k ajccHtoif;yif;awG pwif+yD;wJh aemufrSm zGJ@pnf;&ifawmh jzpfygw,f? Ekd@r[kwf
&ifawmh puULay:u tzGJ@tpnf;/ 'grSr[kwf acgif;aqmif}uD;pkd;wJh tzGJ@tpnf;yJ jzpfrSmygyJ? olwkd@ukd xkwfypfzkd@ rjzpfEkdifovkd
puULay:u csnf;yJ bmrS vkyfEkdifrSmvJ r[kwfygbl;? qufvkyf&rnfh enf;vrf;uawmh tzGJ@tpnf;0ifawGukd olwkd@&J@ tzGJ@
tpnf;ukd tjynfht0 toHk;cszkd@ v_H@aqmf&rSmygyJ? arhavsmhaewJh vlxkukd,fwkdif yg0ifv_yf&Sm;r_ukd oHk;zkd@ygyJ?

vlxktoiftyif;. zGJ@pnf;yHk
ao;i,fwJh vlxk&J@ 'Drkdua&pDtoif;tyif;av;awG[m a&&Snfrwnf+rJEkdifygbl;? acwfpepfeJ@ qkdifwJh ykdtqifhjrifhwJh
jy\emrsm;ukd ukdifwG,f=uzkd@ qkd&ifawmh 'Dtoif;tzGJ@uav;awGukd olwkd@zmom pkpnf;apzkd@ vkdtyfygw,f? vufawG@
uswJh vkyf&yftaeeJ@uawmh a'otwGif;rSm vlxktoif;tyif;av;awG pkaygif;+yD; “vlxknDvmcH” yHkpHrsKd; usif;yapwm
ygyJ? xkdtcg tJ'Duae wqifh ay:xGufvmygvdrfhr,f?
'Dvkdpk±Hk;zGJ@pnf;&muaejzpfay:vmwJh toif;&J@ zGJ@pnfyHkukdawmh txl;owdðy&ygvdrfhr,f? tEWm&,f&Sdwmu tJ'Du
aewqifh AsL±dku&ufwpfwa,muf arG;xkwfay;vmEkdif+yD; vlxk&J@ yg0ifr_tcef;u¾ukd ypfy,fvmEkdifygw,f?
'Drkdua&pDcsKyfukdifr_ukd ypfy,fvmEkdifygw,f? tJ'ga=umifhrkd@yJ ,cifvlxk&J@ }uD;rm;wJh tiftm;pk}uD;ukd usOf;ajrmif;wJh
csKyfcs,fxm;wJh ajr&Sifpepf/ t&if;&Sifpepf yHkpHoGif;ypfvkduf&ma&mufw,f? vlxkqef@usifa&;yHkpHawGukd twk,lrdv#ufom;
jzpfoGm;wwfonf?yHkpHtopfukd pwif=u&rnfjzpfonf?
okd@aomf atmufygpHrsm;jzifh vlxktpnf;t±Hk;rsm;ukd wkdif;wmEkdifygonf?

1? vlxktrsm;qHk;yg0ifv_yf&Sm;Ekdifjcif;
t"du vufawG@ tcuftcJrSm vlxkrsm;vmaomtcg ae&m jy\emyifjzpfonf? vlxkwGif tpnf;ta0;}uD;rsm;
vkyfEkdif&ef cef;r}uD;rsm;r&Sd=uay? okd@aomf trsm;qHk;yg0ifEkdif&ef}udK;yrf;=u&ayrnf? acgif;aqmifwa,muftaejzifh vpOf
vlxkpnf;a0;yGJrsm;wGif vlxkukd wifjy&ayrnf? ykdta&;}uD;onfrSm pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;tzkd@ atmufajctzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifh a'ocH
toif;tyif;rsm;=um;okd@ vSnfvnfoGm;vmjcif;/ tpnf;ta0; rpcif tajccHvkyfief;rsm; ðyjcif;/ vlxkukd t}uHay;jcif;ESifh
ar;cGef;rsm; ar;apjcif;wkd@jzpfonf?

2? vlxkrS trsm;qHk; csKyfukdifxdef;odrf;Ekdifr_

TonfrSm vlxktpnf;t±Hk;rS acgif;aqmifwOD;u csKyfukdifxm;aom tpnf;t±Hk;wcktjzpfokd@ ra&mufatmif
umuG,fjcif;yif jzpfonf? jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;rS wqifh acgif;aqmifr_ukd ykdrkd &ifhusufap&ef wnfhrwfðyjyif
Ekdifonf? okd@aomf Tenf;r#ESif rvHkavmufay? ‚tjyif zGJ@pnf;yHkvnf; ta&;}uD;ygonf? TzGJ@pnf;yHkjzihf acgif;aqmiftm;
±dk;om;r_&Sdatmif/ vlxktusKd;t+rJaqmifEkdifatmif xdef;odrf;Ekdifonf?
wenf;rSm acgif;aqmifoufwrf; owfrSwfjcif;jzpfonf? acgif;aqmifwOD;ukd xrfrHa&G;cs,fjcif;r&SdyJ 2 ESpfumv
owfrSwfxm;jcif;rsKd; xm;Ekdifygonf? tjcm;enf;vrf;rSm tzGJ@0if &mckdif;E_ef; rnfr#u jyefvnfa&G;cs,fay;&ef awmif;qkd
Ekdifonf pojzifh xm;Ekdifygonf? okd@r[kwf rdrd. atmufajc tzGJ@pnf;i,frs z,f&Sm;cH&ygu a'o}uD;wckvHk; acgif;aqmif
tjzpfrSyg z,f&Sm;&rnf pofnh pnf;urf;rsKd;xm;&SdEkdifygonf?

3? ±dk;&Sif;vG,fulr_
tu,fI vkdtyfygu aumfrwDrsm;zGJ@Ekdifonf? vkyif ef;t& wm0efrsm;ay;tyfEkdif+yD; tu,fI wm0ef+yD;pD;ygu
jyefzsufodrf;jcif;tm;jzihf ,if;uJhokd@ wm0efw&yfcsif;twGufvnf;aqmif&GufEkdifygonf? ‚ae&mwGif A[kdOD;pD;csKyfukdifr_ESifh
'Drkdua&pDonf t+rJ jy\em&Sdaernfjzpfygonf? acgif;aqmifwOD;wGif vkdtyfaomtm%mESifh tzGJ@tpnf;ukd ukd,fpm;ðycGifh/
vkyfykdifcGifh &Sd&rnfjzpfygonf? tjcm;wzufwGif atmufajcxkrS trsm;qHk;yg0ifr_ESifh xdef;csKyfr_jzpfygonf? tjcm;wzufwGif
atmufajcxkrS trsm;qHk;yg0ifr_ESifh xdef;csKyfr_jzpfygonf? ‚wkd@ukd jy\emrsm;wkdufyGJ=um;rS jzwfoef;&if; tawG@t}uKHu
oif=um;oGm;rnfjzpfayonf? tu,fI vlxkrS qHk;jzwfcsufESifh 'Drkdua&pDenf;emukd emcH&rnfjzpfayonf? acgif;aqmifwOD;
34
+yD; wOD; ajymif;vJoGm;Ekdifygonf? tu,fI vlxkrS ykdwufºu/ ykdv_yf&Sm;ygu ykdI acgif;aqmifrsm;pGm xGufay:vmrnf
jzpfygonf?

tykdif; (3)
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;krsm; avhusifhay;jcif;

tcef;(1)

v_yf&Sm;jcif; - jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;enf;

vlwa,muftzkd@ pnf;±Hk;a&;ynmukdoif=um;Ekdifaom enf;vrf;rSm ukd,fwkdifpnf;±Hk;a&;e,fy,fxJ qif;jcif;

jzpfonf? tu,fI oifwef;om;pnf;§rª; wa,muftjzpf owfrw S fe,fy,fwckwGif vufawG@tajctaeESifh /
vlxkjy\emrsm;ESifh xdyfwkuf&ifqkdifjcifjzihf avhusifhay;Ekdifonf? vlxkESifh twl vufawG@jy\emrsm; ajz&Sif;jcif;tm;jzihf
ol. t&nftaoG;ukd wdk;wufvmapEkdifonf?
TuJhokd@ oifwef;ay;jcif;enf;ukd v_yf&mS ;jzif;- jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; enf;[kac:onf? ol. vufawG@ tawG@t}uHK
ukef=urf;rsm;onf oifcef;pm pwifjcif;yifjzpfonf? oifwef;q&mtzkd@ ae@pOf tawG@t}uHKrsm;ukd jyefvnfoHk;oyfapjcif;
jzihf pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emESifh rlrsm;ukd vufawG@ odvmapekdifonf? tenf;qHk; wywfwcg oifwef;om;rsm; tm;vHk; rdrdwkd@
oifwef;q&mESifh awG@qHkum tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif; vkyfief;tqifhqifhukd tkyfpt k vkduf tajccHum ðyvkyfEkdifonf?
xkd@a=umifh oifwef;ay;jcif;rSm oifwef;om;rsm;ukd pnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emrsm;ukd pmawG@ oif=um;ay;jcif; oufouf
om r[kwfay? ‚tpm; oifwef;om;ukd,fwkdif rdrdt&nftcsif;/ rddrdA[kokwjzifh vufawG@pnf;±Hk;&mrs &vmaom
tawG@t}uHKrsm;rS xif[yfI jyefoif=um;jcif;jzpfonf? ‚rSwqifh oHk;I rukefEkdifaom rukefcef;Ekdifaom A[kokwrsm;
&&SdvmEkdifrnfjzpfonf? “v_yf&Sm;jcif;- jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;” enf;rSm oif=um;pepfwckvkdyif b0wav#mufwmvHk;
&Snf=umaom pmoifcef;twGif;rS vufawG@avhvmEkdif+yD; ‚rS t,ltqrsm;/ enf;pepfrsm;vnf; vGJra&Smifom awG@&Sdvm
&rnfjzpfayonf?
“v_yf&Sm;jcif;- jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;” enf;onf rwlnDaom pnf;±Hk;jcif;ESifh a0zefykdif;jcm;aom pdwfjzifhodjcif; 2
&yfukd aygif;pyfxm;jcif;jzpfonf? Tenf;pepfjzifh oifwef;om;pnf;§rª;a&m/ oifief;q&mxHwGif pkaqmif;xm;rdaom
tawG@t}uHKrsm;ukd xyfrH yGm;rsm;apjcif;jzpfvmonf? ‚rS wqifh oifwef;om;rsm;xHokd@vnf; xyfyGm;oGm;=ujyefonf?

erlemt}uHay;jcif; tpnf;ta0;rsm;
TonfrSm erlemtcsKd@jzpfygonf?

1? oifwef;om;rS owif;ykd@ygonf?
Barrio Akdvfr_K;taejzihf vlxktoif;tyif;rsm;ukd ESdyfuGyfaeonf? ‚xifonfrSm ‚tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf ‚.
}uD;xGm;r_twGuf t[ef@twm;jzpfaponf[k xifonf? ‚u TtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf “zdvpfykdif&JXme” ukd olv#Kdtvkyf
ðyaeonf[k pGyfpJo
G nf? tzGJ@tpnf;wcku &HyHkaiG&SmazG&eftwGuf uyGJvkyf+yD; aiG&Smonf? aemuftoif;wcku uyGJvkyf&ef
jyifqifonf? yxrtoif;ukd cGifhðycJhaomfvnf; 'kwd, toif;ukd cGifhrðyay? olu òr@awmfcef;rukd TuJhokd@ vlpka0;&ef
r[kwf[k ta=umif;jyonf?

oifwef;q&m ? ? bmvkyfzkd@}uH&G,fxm;ygovJ?
(oifwef;om;) ? ? paeae@rSm Barrio Akdvf}uD;ukd xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifcsifygw,f?
35
pnf;§rª;
q&m ? ? 'gqkd b,fvkdpPpOfrvJ?
pnf;§rª; ? ? usaemf òr@awmfcef;ru vlawG&,f/ vlr_0efxrf;Xmeu vlawG&,f/ òr@awmf&JawGukd zdwfr,f?
olwkd@[m cGifhðyekdifwJholawGu wcsKd@yJ/
q&m ? ? b,fvkdzdwfrvJ?
pnf;§rª; ? ? vlxka&S•arSmufrSm Barrio Adkvfr_K;eJ@xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifzkd@qdk+yD; zdwfr,f?
q&m ? ? bmtawGuf/ bm&vmr,fxifovJ/
pnf;§rª; ? ? olu òr@awmf cef;rrSm uyGJ rvkyf&bl;qkdwJhtcsuf u trSefw&m;ay:xGufvmatmifyJ?
q&m ? ? wu,fvkd@ rif;om 'DppfAkdvfae&mrSm qkd&if 'Dvkdae&mukd vmrvm;?
pnf;§rª; ? ? odyfrxifyg?
q&m ? ? wu,fvkd@ rif;u &JXme qkd&ifa&m/ vmrvm;?
pnf;§rª; ? ? vmygvdrfhr,f/ raocsmyg?
q&m ? ? wu,fvkd@ òr@awmfcef;ru vlawGa&m vmyghrvm;?
pnf;§rª; ? ? vmaumif;vmygvdrfhr,f?
q&m ? ? wu,fvkd@ vlawGtrsm;}uD;u =unfhzkd@apmifhae=u+yD;? xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifr_rjzpfvmbl;qkd&ifa&m?
('DtawG@t}uHKrsKd;jzpfcJhbl;w,f? vlxku vlxktpnf;ta0;vkyfxm;w,f/ t&m&SdtcsKd@ukd
xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifzkd@zdwfw,f/ vmr,fajymw,f/ +yD;awmhay:rvm=ubl;)'Dawmh tckvkd
t±_H;zufuae taygif;zufjzpfvmatmif b,fvkdajymif;rvJ?
pnf;§rª; ? ? vlxktpnf;ta0;vkyf+yD; Barrio Adkvfr_K;ukd ±_H;cs=uygr,f?
q&m ? ? 'gqkd&if &nf&G,fxm;wJh trSefw&m;az:xkwfzkd@ua&m jzpfEkdifyghrvm;?
pnf;§rª; ? ? usaemfxiwmuawmh wcsKd@w0ufawmh atmifjrifygvdrfhr,f?
q&m ? ? rif;om tzGJ@tpnf;uqkd&if tzGJ@tpnf;ukd 'DvkdtpDtpOf xJhcGifhðyrvm;? vkyfoifhwmu
uyGJvkyfyg? Barrio Adkvfr_K; u vm&yfckdif;cJh&if tJ'DrSm xdyfwkduf&ifqkdifjcif;vkyfyg? wu,fvkd@
rjzpfcJh&if 'kwd,t}udrfuyGJ xyfvkyfyg? yxr cGifh&wJhtoif;qdu cGifh ygrpfukd iSm;yg/ wu,fvkd@
olwkd@u &yfckdif;zkd@ r&Jbl;qkd&if atmifyJ&G r,f/ &HyHkaiG&r,f? wu,fvkd@ olu &yfckdif;vm&ifawmh/
xdyfwkduf &ifqkdifr_ vkyfEkdifw,f?

2? oifwef;om;u owif;ykdvm?
‚a'owGif jcifxlajymonf? ‚onf vlxkukd v_H@aqmf Ekdifavmufaomjy\emjzpfonf?
q&m ? ? vlxkukd 'Djy\emeJ@ygwfouf+yD; v,fvkdv_H@aqmfrvJ?
pnf;§rª; ? ? usr abmif;bDtpm; pufwxnf0wf+yD;awmhoGm;r,f? tJ'DtdrfwtdrfukdoGm;vnfwJhtcg
jcifawGuusrukd ukdufvdrfhr,f? 'geJ@ “jcifawGrsm;vScsnfvm;” vkd@ usruajymr,f? 'geJ@
'Dta=umif;ajymjzpf=ur,f? 'geJ@usruusef;rma&;XmeqDoGm;+yD; jcifjzef;aq; awmif;zkd@
wkdufwGef;r,f/
q&m ? ? 'gqkd&if bmjzpfvmrvJ?
pnf;§rª; ? ? usr}uHpnf;xm;wJh twkif;vkyfr,f? yxrtdrfwtdrfoGm;vnfr,f? jcifawGu usrukd
ukdufr,f? usrujcifawGukdufwmajymr,f? olru usrukd txifvJGr,f? olru
awmif;yefr,f? “usrwkd@ a&rSefrSef rcsKd; =uvkd@yg” qkd+yD; olru jyefawmif;yefr,f?
q&m ? ? +yD;awmh bmqufvkyfrvJ?
pnf;§rª; ? ? tdrfu xGufvmr,f/ olwkd@u odyfatmufusaemufusEkdifwmyJ/ usrvJ bmqufvkyf&rSef;
rodbl;?
q&m ? ? 'gqkd&if rif;csOf;uyfyHkukd b,fvkdjyefajyif;rvJ?
pnf;§rª; ? ? aemufwae@/ tJ'Dtdrfukd jyefoGm;+yD; jcifa=umifh jzpfwJha&m*gawGta=umif;&Sifjyr,f?
nrwkdifcifrSmawmh 'Da&m*gawGta=umif; zwfoGm;&r,f?
q&m ? ? olwkd@u b,fvkdwHk@jyefrvJ?
pnf;§rª; ? ? [iftif;? em;axmif&HkoufoufygyJ?

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q&m ? ? rif;zwfxm;wmu t*Fvdyfvkdjzpf+yD; tJ'DvdkawG;+yD; 'gukd bmomjyef+yD; rif;uajymjyw,f?
vlxku em;vnfr_vJw G mu rif;ukd olwkd@ukd a0zefaew,fvkd@xifw,f? rif;&Sif;jywmawmh
rSefw,f? 'gayr,fh enf;vrf;u odyfpdwful;,OfqefvGef;w,f? rif;udk,frif;jcifukdufcHr,fhtpm;/
oltar&J@ pdwf0ifpm;r_ukd ol@uav;awGtay:rSm ykd&Sdw,f/ 'gukdjy&r,f? uav;rSm jcifukduf
xm;wmawGukd jyEkdifw,f/ +yD;awmh bmjzpfEkdifw,fqdkwm aqG;aEG;yg/ 'Denf;[m ykdeD;pyf
ygvdrfhr,f?

pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;[m jy\emukd vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_toGifjzifh usef;rma&;Xme a&S•okd@ csDwufEkdifcJh=uonf? aemufwcg

aqG;aEG;yGJwGif--

q&m ? ? vlxku b,fvkdwufºuvm=uovJ? tajctaeub,fvkdvJ?

pnf;§rª; ? ? atmifjrifw,f/ usef;rma&;Xmeu pufqdawG xkwfay;vkdufw,f?
q&m ? ? 'g[m jcifawGowfzkd@ toHk;0ifovm;?
pnf;§rª; ? ? [iftif; ? 'gayrJh ,ifawGeJ@ avmufawGawmh aow,f?
q&m ? ? rif;u jcifukdowfcsifwm/ 'gqkd&if rif;wkd@awmif;qkdcsuftjzpf[m 'gyJvm;?
pnf;§rª; ? ? 'gayr,fh/ vlxku bmrS rajym=uawmhbl;? wu,fvkd@ usru ajym&ifawmif 'g[m
pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; awGeJ@ vGJae+yD/ usrwkd@u vlxkqDu vufOD;r_ &,l+yD; acgif;aqmiftjzpf
vkyf=uzkd@yJ?
q&m ? ? rvkdtyfygbl;/ olwkd@ukd rif;ar;Ekdifom;yJ? “'g[m jcifawGtwGufaq;yJvm;” 'grS r[kwf rif;
wa,mufcsif; 'Dvkdv_H@ aqmf Ekdifw,f? “'g[m jcifawGukd owfEkdifr,fvkd@ rif;xif=uovm;?”

3? vlxkrsm;u a&avmif;tdrfom&vkd=uonf/ xkd@a=umifh òr@awmfusef;rma&;Xmeukd oGm;+yD; tdro f m&&ef

awmif;qkd=uonf? ukd,fpm;vS,fwzGJ@ukd PHHC (zdvpfykdiftdrf,mESifh tkd;tdrfpDrHudef;) okd@ apvGwf+yD;
tdrfomrsm;aqmufvkyfcGifhay;&ef vloHk;tdrfomrsm; aqmufay;&ef awmif;qkd=uonf?

q&m ? ? bma=umifh PHHC qDoGm;=uwmvJ? rif;wkd@ukd,fwkdif qufvkyf+yD; tdrfomaqmuf=uygvm;?

pnf;§rª; ? ? wu,fvkd@ PHHC ucGifhray;&if usaemfwkd@ aqmuf+yD;wJhtcg armif;xkwfrSmaygh?
q&m ? ? bmyJjzpfjzpf rif;wkd@ usef;rma&;Xmeu cGifhðycsuf&+yD;om;yJ/ PHHC uar;vm&if olwkd@ukd
ajymjyaygh/ olwkd@ tcsif;csif;jiif;cHk;=u&if rif;wkd@u =unfhae±HkyJaygh?
pnf;§rª; ? ? bma=umifh rvkdtyfyJ jy\emzefwD;&wmvJ? usaemfwkd@vkdcsifwmu vlxkukd
wkdufyJ0G ifvmatmif vkyfwmyJ?
q&m ? ? rif;vJ pdwfynmoifzl;w,fr[kwfvm;/ rif;vJ pdwfynmta=umif;odom;yJ/ pdwfa&m*guk
q&m0efu tarukd cifvGef;wJhom;ukd bmvkyfovJodvm;/ ol@tarukd rkef;atmif vkyfay;
&w,f? ol@tarukd pdwfqkd;vm;+yD; rrSDckdatmif vkyfay;&w,f tckvJ tvm;wlyJ? vlxkukd
rSDckdae&mu aysmufatmif vkyfay;&wmyJ?

oifwef;om;pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf umv=umjrifvmonfESifh tr# olonf olxkpnf;±Hk;a&;enf;emrsm;ukd

qkyfukdifvmrdonfjzpfonf? ol. t&nftaoG;rsm;vnf;zGH@òz;vmrnfjzpfonf? t"du vkdtyfcsufrSm “vlxk=um;vufawG@
e,fy,fwGif trSefwu,f aqmif&Gufr_” yifjzpfonf? q&mwa,mufu 'Dvkdajymjygygw,f?
“usaemfu ar;ygw,f/ vlxktoif;tyif;rnfr#wnfaxmifzkd@ulnDay;Ekdifco Jh vJ/ vlxkrnfr#ukd v_H@aqmfEkdifcJhovJ/
'DtzGJ@tpnf;awGu b,favmuf}uD;+yD; b,favmufnD!GwfygovJ/ vlxktodw&m;rSm b,favmuftiftm;aumif;vmcJh
ovJ?”
oifwef;om;pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@ atmifjrifr_qkdonfrSm pnf;±Hk;a&;t&a&m / todw&m;zGH@òz;r_t&yg
olrnfr#oif=um;wwfajrmufcJhonfukd wkdif;wmEkdifonf? tvmwlpGmyif vlxkuvnf; olukd jyefvnfwkdif;wmonfyif
jzpfonf? q&mwOD;tzkd@ Ttcsufjzihf jyefvnfppfaq;Ekdifonf?

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 tjcm;wykdif;wGif q&mrS oifwef;om;wOD;rnfuJhokd@ tpD&ifcHpmvdrfwifonfukd jyefvnfppfaq;Ekdifonf?
jyefvnfokH;oyfaomu¾wGif tao;pdwf ar;cGef;rsm;/ ta=umif;jycsufrsm;/ awmif;qkdcsufrsm; ar;jcif;tm;jzifhtpD&ifcHpm
vdrfwifonf rnfokd@ usKd;a=umif;qufpyfonf/ rqDav#mo f nfrsm; az:xkwfEkdifonf? ‚tjyif a'owcktajctaeESifh
‚ukd,fwkdif Ta'oukd u|rf;0ifr_ &Sd r&Sd ppfaq;Ekdifonf? t}uHaumif;rsm;ay;Ekdifonf?
tykdif;wGif pnf;±Hk;a&;rª; oifwef;om;wOD; taejzifh jy\emwckukd a&G;xkwfazmfjyEkdifjcif; &Sdaumif;rS &Sdrnf?
trSm;tcsKd@ukd ðyrdaumif;ðyrdygr,f/ TtawG@t}uHKrsm;rS oif=um;&if enf;y&d,m,fcsyHk/ oHk;oyfyHk/ pnf;±Hk;yHkrsm;ukd
ukd,fawG@ wwfajrmufvmygvdrfhrnf? pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muf. zGH@òz;wkd;wufr_wGif enf;pepfykdif;omru/ rSefuefaom t,l
tqyg yg0ifayonf? ar;cGef;wck&SdonfrSm ol. pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;rSm vlxk vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf A[kcsufr
jzpfygovm;? Tjy\emwGif ynm&SifwOD;ESifh vlxkukd tm%m&atmif pnf;±kH;aeaom pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,muftzkd@
uGmjcm;aumif; uGmjcm;ygvdrfhrnf?
wv/ 2 v cef@vufawG@ vkyfaqmifr_+yD;aomtcg ykdrkdav;eufaom jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;tpnf;ta0;ukd ðyoifh
ygonf? Ttpnf;ta0;rSm oifwef;q&mukd ykdrkdtawG@t}uKH&ap±Hkr#ru oifwef;om;tzkd@ tawG@t}uHKtm;vHk;ukd
oifcef;pmxkwfEkdif+yD;/ ‚wdk@ukd yHkaoenf; t,ltqw&yf tjzpfaz:zkwfEkdifonf? xkdrS tqifh oifcef;pm/ aqG;aEG;jcif;/
oHk;oyfjcif; tm;jzifh pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;ukd ykdrkdwkd;wufapjyefonf? xkdtcsdefwGif zwfp&mpmtkyfrsm;ukdyg ay;Ekdifonf?
tcsdefwGif oifwef;om;wOD;tzkd@ pmawG@ukd vufawG@ESifh pyf[yf&ef tajctae&Sd+yDjzpfonf? ‚rS wqifh ykdav;eufaom
jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;tm;jzihf vlxkukd tm%mtwGuf pnf;±Hk;&jcif;. tESpfom& oabmw&m;/ bma=umifhjzpfysufae
oenf; zdESdyfr_rsm;ukd o±kyfcGJjcif;/ pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;. abmxm; pojzihf wpHkvHk;ukdyg em;vnfapEkdifonf? tywfpOfESifh ‚uJhokd@
jyefvnfoHk;oyfaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;onf aqG;aEG;jcif;jyefvnf oHk;oyfjcif;rsm;ukd tajcðyjcif;tm;jzihf pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;
wa,mufukd zGH@òzl;apjcif;jzpfonf?
tu,fI pnf;±Hk;a&;rª;wa,mufonf urBm}uD;. vGwfajrmufa&;ukd }udK;yrf;&if ol. vGwfajrmufa&;ukdyg
wnfaqmufaeonfukd awG@&ayrnf? tu,fI ol. b0vGwfajrmufa&;ukd w0ufwysufr#om oabmaygufygu
vufawG@ urBm}uD;ukd ajymif;vJ&ef }udK;pm;&if; olukd,fwkdifajymif;vJaeonfukd awG@&Sd&ayrnf?

aus;vufpnf;±Hk;a&;twGuf tcsuftvuftcsKd@

Tpmtkyfonf òr@jypnf;±Hk;a&;twGuf t"du &nf&G,fxm;ygonf/ okd@aomf tcsKd@ Oyrmay;csufrsm;ukd

aus;vufwGifvnf; oHk;Ekdifygonf? okd@aomf a,bl,stm;jzifh òr@jya&m aus;vufrSmyg tajccHr_/ enf;emrsm;ukd
oHk;Ekdifygonf? atmufyg xl;uJaom tcsuftvufrsm;ukd txl;owdðy&ef vkdtyfygvdrfhrnf?
1? aus;vufa'owGif pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;onf aES;auG;pGm zGH@òz;wwf=uonf? a'otuGmta0;a=umifh qufoG,frdjcif;
wOD;csif;wOD;csif; aqG;aEG;jcif;/ tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;wkd@rSm tcsdefykd,l=u&onf? tpkd;&Xmersm;ukd oydwfarSmuf
qENjyjcif; vkyfief;rsm;rSm vkyfcJonf? tb,fa=umifhqkdaomf a'otuGmta0;/ tcsdef/ aiGa=u;jy\emrsm;a=umifh
jzpfonf? jy\emw&yfukd az:xkwfzkd@ESifh ajz&Sif;&ef umv=umjrifhpGm tcsdef,l&wwfonf?
2? aus;vufvlxkrSm tm%mykdifrsm;ukd a&S;±dk;pOfvmt& ykdav;pm;wwf=uonf? xkd@a=umifh enf;y&d,m,frsm;tzkd@
“±dkaoukdif;±d_if;r_” enf;vmap&ef vkyf&efvkdonf? xkd@a=umifh a'ot}uD;tuJrsm;ukd ±dkaoukdif;±d_if;r_&Sd=u+yD; ‚wkd@
v_H@aqmf&ef vnf; cufcJvSonf?
3? olwkd@nD!Gwfjcif;tm;jzifh v_yf&Sm;jcif;tm;jzifh olwkd@tusKd;pD;yGm;ykd&&SdEkdif=urnfjzpfonf?
4? aus;vufa'owGif pnf;±Hk;&efrSm &moDtvkduf a&G;&ygonf? pkdufysKd;aomtcsdef/ v,fvkyfief;tcsdefrsm;wGif pnf;±Hk;&ef
rjzpfEkdifyg? xkdpkdufysKd;csdefrsm;rSmvnf; wESpf+yD wESpf vSnfhywfaejyef&m aocsmvkyfief;pOf csrSwf+yD; (3) ESpf (4) ESpf
owfrSwfum aocsmpGm wckukd a&G;cs,fI a&&Snfvkyfaom enf;ukd a&G;cs,f=u&ygonf? ‚jy\em}uD;ukd jy\em
tao; av;rsm; tjzpf cGJjcm;um wESpfukdwck ajz&Sif;apckdif;jcif;rsKd;/ xkda&&Snfumv+yD;cgrS jy\em wck +yD;oGm;onfrsKd;
aqmif&Gufapoifhygonf?
tcsKd@,lq=uonfrSm aus;vufwGif pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;zGH@òz;&ef aES;auG;aoma=umifh pnf;±kH;a&;vufawG@oifwef;
ay;jcif;rsm;tzkd@ òr@jyrsm;wGif ykdtcGifhomonf[k ,lq+yD; òr@jyrsm;wGifom aqmif&Gufavh&Sd=uygof?

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