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Biochemical Vad
Biochemical Vad
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LUZON
VISAYAS
MINDANAO
ETIOLOGY
Vitamin A
FNRI
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Causes of deficiency
chronically insufficient vitamin A intake infection
severity of vitamin A deficiency among all Filipino population groups from 6 mos-old children to elderly and among all physiologic groups
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FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
PARTICIPANTS:
- 6 mos-old children elderly - Pregnant - Lactating
METHOD of COLLECTION :
- Finger-Prick Method (6 mos 5 yrs children) - Venipuncture Method (6 yrs - elderly)
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FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ANALYTICAL METHOD:
Serum retinol determination by HPLC method (Furr et al, 1992)
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FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
QUALITY ASSURANCE :
- Standard Reference Materials (SRM) - Pooled control serum sample - Participates in the Vitamin A Laboratory External Quality Assurance (VITAL-EQA) Program*
* CDC
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
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FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(WHO/UNICEF/HKI/IVACG,1972)
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
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FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Criteria for Assessing the Public Health Significance of VAD in the Community based on Plasma Retinol Levels of Children, < 6 yrs
Criterion Minimum Prevalence (%) 5 15
Plasma Retinol (Vit A ) less than 10 g/dL / 0.35 mol/L (Deficient) Plasma Retinol (Vit A ) less than 20 g/dL / 0.70 mol/L (Deficient to Low)
WHO,UNICEF,HKI,IVACG, 1982
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
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FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1 WHO,
Prevalence cut-offs to define vitamin A deficiency in a population and its level of public health significance1
Public health importance (degree of severity) Serum or plasma retinol < 20 g/dL / 0.70 mol/L in preschool-age children and pregnant women a (%)
2 - <10 10 - < 20 b 20
the WHO, 1996 cut-off for children, 6 71 mos as there is no WHO cut-off for pregnant women
moderate range includes the minimum prevalence of 15% currently recommended by the Micronutrient Forum/ IVACG as the cut-off at or above which VAD should be considered of public health significance among PS children and pregnant women
FNRI
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Prevalence of VAD by age and physiologic state, 2008 Age/Sex/ Physiologic State Philippines FNRI
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE
No. of Participants (n) 16917 2408 3802 2244 5894 1226 483 860
0
Prevalence (%)
5.9 15.2 11.1 4.6 3.4 3.6 9.5 6.4
10 20 30 40
Serum retinol level and percent distribution by age and physiologic state: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
FOOD AND NUTRITION 6 mos RESEARCH INSTITUTE
% Distribution Def & low Acceptable 5.9 15.2 11.1 4.6 3.4 3.6 9.5 6.4 60.0 77.0 81.1 70.8 47.7 48.5 72.5 65.8 High 34.1 7.9 7.8 24.6 48.9 47.9 18.0 27.8
Philippines 5 yrs
41.1 17.4 31.1 12.0 32.1 11.6 40.4 14.2 50.0 18.3 49.0 18.3 37.33 14.2 41.53 15.4
6 12 y
20 59 y 60 yr
Age Group
Prevalence %
6 mos - < 5 yr
15.2
1.91
Trends in the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among children, 6 mos 5 yrs Philippines: 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008
50
FNRI
40 FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE
DEPARTMENT OF % SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 20
38.0 35.3
40.1
30
15.2
10
Trends in the prevalence of VAD among pregnant and lactating women, Philippines: 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008
50
FNRI 40
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 30 INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT % OF SCIENCE AND 20 TECHNOLOGY
Pregnant Lactating
10
30 30
Distribution of serum retinol levels among preschool children, Philippines: 1993, 1998, 2003 & 2008
NNS 2008 NNS 2003 NNS 1998
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FOOD AND
20 NUTRITION
% DEPARTMENT
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
NNS, 1993
0
05 61 11 0 -1 5 16 -2 0 21 -2 5 26 -3 0 31 -3 5 36 -4 0 41 -4 5 46 -5 0 51 -5 5 56 -6 0 61 -6 66 5 -7 71 0 -7 5 76 -8 0 81 -8 5 86 -9 91 0 -9 96 5 -1 00 >1 00
FNRI Age/
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
VAD (%) 1998 38.0 22.2 16.5 2008 15.2 9.5 6.4
Physiologic State
** Significant at 0.01
Comparison of prevalence of VAD among preschool children and pregnant women globally and by WHO region (1995 2005)
Children, 6 mos - 5y
34.0
4.6 15.7 11.7 13.3 12.7 6.3 13.9 2.7 18.9 4.0 15.1 9.1 17.2 6.4
FOOD AND NUTRITION Adolescents RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND Elderly TECHNOLOGY
60%
80%
100%
Cereals & Products Fish, Meat & Poultry Milk & Products Vegetables Others Beverages & Others
Eggs
FNRI
% Prev
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
30
20
14.4
17.7
10
GP Participant
Non-GP Participant
FNRI
% Prev
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
40
30
20
13.5
10
16.1
Supplement user
Non-supplement user
FNRI
% Prev
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
40
30
20
14.0
16.0
10
No infection
With infection
% VAD
14.0 16.0 39.5 18.3 14.9 15.8 21.9 17.6 27.4
0 10 20 30 40 50
FNRI
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FNRI
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
decreasing trend in VAD prevalence among preschool children, pregnant and lactating women
significance, but has decreased from severe in 2003 to moderate in 2008 among preschool children, and to mild among pregnant and lactating women
FNRI
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY