THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE

Case Studies
In OOP and VB
by

Salman Zafar MCC01113022

Presented to: Sir Nadeem

Case Study: Checking Account Balance Problem

CHECKING ACCOUNT BALANCE PROGRAM
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <conio.h> using namespace std; class CheckBalance { private: float start_balance; // input: balance at start of period float current_balance; // output: balance at end of period int num_checks; // output: number of checks for period int num_deps; // output: number of deposits for period public: CheckBalance(); void instruct_user(); // PROVIDE USER INSTRUCTIONS void initiate(); // INITIATE PROCESSING int process_transactions();// PROCESS ALL TRANSACTIONS void print_report(); // PRINT REPORT }; CheckBalance::CheckBalance() { start_balance = 0.0; current_balance = 0.0; num_checks = 0; num_deps = 0; } // PROVIDE USER INSTRUCTIONS void CheckBalance::instruct_user() { // Prints user instructions. cout << "This is your Checkbook Balancing Program. It will" << endl; cout << "keep a record of all checks written and deposits " << "made." << endl; cout << "Please enter all information as prescribed." << endl << endl; } // INITIATE PROCESSING void CheckBalance::initiate() // OUT: account balance at the start of the month { char response; // user's response to input question do { cout << "Enter checkbook balance at start of current " << "period: $ "; cin >> start_balance; cout << "Is this starting balance of $ " << start_balance << " correct?" << endl; cout << "(Enter Y or N) => "; cin >> response; } while ( response != 'Y' && response != 'y'); cout <<"Thank you! Now we can begin processing your" << "transactions." << endl << endl; return; // end initiate

// PRINT REPORT void CheckBalance::print_report()

{ cout << endl; cout << "Balance at start of period: $ " << start_balance << endl; cout << "Balance at end of period: $ " << current_balance << endl << endl; cout << "Number of deposits for this period: " << num_deps << endl; cout << "Number of checks for this period: " << num_checks << endl << endl; cout << "End of report." << endl; } // end print_report int CheckBalance::process_transactions() { int num, dep, wthdrwl; cout << "Function process_transactions entered." << endl; current_balance = start_balance; num_checks = 0; num_deps = 0; do { cout<<"Enter your number"<<endl; cout<<"1 : Deposit"<<endl<<"2 : withdrawal"<<endl<<"3 : Report"<<endl; cin>>num; switch(num) { case 1: cout<<"Enter the money you want to cin>>dep; current_balance += dep; num_deps += 1; cout<<"Your transaction has break; case 2: cout<<"Enter the money you want to cin>>wthdrwl; current_balance -= wthdrwl; num_checks += 1; cout<<"Your transaction has break; case 3: print_report(); break;

deposit : $ ";

been processed"<<endl;

withdrawal : $ ";

been processed"<<endl;

default: cout<<"invalid input"<<endl<<"Program exiting.."; } } while (num == 1 || num == 2); return 0; } // end process_transactions int main () { int dep; CheckBalance ch1; cout << setiosflags (ios::fixed | ios::showpoint) << setprecision (2); ch1.instruct_user(); ch1.initiate (); ch1.process_transactions(); _getch(); return 0; }

Checking Account Balance Program Output

Case Study: Computing Insurance Dividends

FINDS AND PRINTS THE INSURANCE DIVIDEND #include <iostream> #include <conio.h> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; class CompDiv { private: static const float basic_rate; static const float bonus_rate; float premium; int number_claims; float dividend; public: void instruct_user(); float compute_dividend(); void set(float,int); int get_numberClaims(); }; const float CompDiv::basic_rate= 0.045; const float CompDiv::bonus_rate=0.005; // needed for cin and cout // needed for setprecision

// basic dividend rate 4.5% // bonus dividend rate 0.5% // input: premium amount // input: number of claims // output: dividend amount

int main () { CompDiv d1; float prmum; int numbrClms; float dvdnd; // Display user instructions. d1.instruct_user(); // Enter premium and number of claims. cout << "Premium amount: $"; cin >> prmum; cout << "Number of claims: "; cin >> numbrClms; d1.set(prmum,numbrClms); // Compute the dividend. dvdnd = d1.compute_dividend (); // Print total dividend. cout << "Total dividend is $" << setprecision (2) << setiosflags(ios::showpoint | ios:: fixed) << dvdnd << endl; if (d1.get_numberClaims() == 0) cout << "This includes a bonus dividend for zero claims!" << endl; getch(); return 0; }

// Displays user instructions. void CompDiv::instruct_user() { cout << "This program displays an insurance policy dividend." << endl; cout << "The basic dividend is " << basic_rate; cout << " times the premium." << endl; cout << "A bonus dividend of " << bonus_rate; cout << " times the premium is paid" << endl; cout << "for policies with no claims against them." << endl << endl; return; } // end instruct_user

// COMPUTE DIVIDEND USING BONUS RATE WHEN EARNED. float CompDiv::compute_dividend() { dividend = premium * basic_rate; // basic dividend if (number_claims == 0) dividend = dividend + premium * bonus_rate; // plus bonus return dividend; } // end compute_dividend void CompDiv::set(float p, int nc) { premium = p; number_claims = nc; } int CompDiv::get_numberClaims() { return number_claims; }

Insurance Dividends Program Output

Case Study: Payroll Problem

Computes and displays gross pay and net pay given an hourly rate and number of hours worked. Deducts union dues of $15 if gross salary exceeds $100; otherwise, deducts no dues. Also Compute overtime pay
#include <iostream> #include<conio.h> using namespace std; const const const const float float float float MAX_NO_DUES = 100.00; // dues = 15.00; // MAX_NO_OVERTIME = 40.0;// OVERTIME_RATE = 1.5; // max earnings before dues (dollars) dues amount (dollars) max hours before overtime overtime rate

class Payroll { private: float float float float public: void set(float,float); //set values for hours and rate void instructUser(); float computeGross(); float computeNet(); }; int main () { float hrs,rt,grss,nt; Payroll p1; // Display user instructions. p1.instructUser(); // Enter hours and rate. cout << "Hours worked: "; cin >> hrs; cout << "Hourly rate: "; cin >> rt; p1.set(hrs,rt); // Compute gross salary. grss = p1.computeGross(); // Compute net salary. nt = p1.computeNet(); // Print gross and net. cout << "Gross salary is " << grss << endl; cout << "Net salary is " << nt << endl; _getch(); return 0; } // Insert lower-level functions here. hours; rate; gross; net; // // // // input: hours worked input: hourly pay rate (dollars) output: gross pay (dollars) output: net pay (dollars)

// ... // Displays user instructions void Payroll::instructUser() { cout << "This program computes gross and net salary." << endl; cout << "A dues amount of " << dues << " is deducted for" << endl; cout << "an employee who earns more than " << MAX_NO_DUES << endl << endl; cout << "Overtime is paid at the rate of " << OVERTIME_RATE << endl; cout << "times the regular rate for hours worked over " << MAX_NO_OVERTIME << endl << endl; cout << "Enter hours worked and hourly rate" << endl; cout << "on separate lines after the prompts." << endl; cout << "Press <return> after typing each number." << endl << endl; } // end instructUser void Payroll::set(float h, float r) { hours = h; rate = r; } // FIND THE GROSS PAY float Payroll::computeGross() { float regularPay; // pay for first 40 hours float overtimePay; // pay for hours in excess of 40 // Compute gross pay. if (hours > MAX_NO_OVERTIME) { regularPay = MAX_NO_OVERTIME * rate; overtimePay = (hours - MAX_NO_OVERTIME) * OVERTIME_RATE * rate; gross = regularPay + overtimePay; } else gross = hours * rate; return gross; // end computeGross

// Find the net pay float Payroll::computeNet() { if (gross > MAX_NO_DUES) net = gross - dues; // deduct dues amount else net = gross; // no deductions return net; // end computeNet

Payroll Program Output

Case Study: AREA AND CIRCUMFERENCE OF A CIRCLE

// FINDS AND PRINTS THE AREA AND CIRCUMFERENCE OF A CIRCLE #include <iostream> #include <conio.h> using namespace std; class Circle { private: static const float pi; float radius; // input: radius of circle float area; // output: area of circle float circum; // output: circumference of circle public: Circle(); void set_radius(float r); float get_radius(); void Compute_Area(); void Compute_circumference(); void Display(); }; const float Circle::pi=3.14159; Circle::Circle() { radius = 0.0; area = 0.0; circum = 0.0; } int main () { float r; Circle c1; // object of type Circle cout << "Enter the circle radius: "; // Read radius of circle cin >> r; c1.set_radius(r);

c1.Compute_Area(); c1.Compute_circumference(); c1.Display(); cout<< endl; getch(); return 0;

// Compute area of circle. // Compute circumference of circle. // Display area and circumference.

} void Circle::set_radius(float r) { radius = r; } float Circle::get_radius() { return radius; } void Circle::Compute_Area() { area = pi * radius * radius; } void Circle::Compute_circumference() { circum = 2 * pi * radius; } void Circle::Display() { cout << "The area of the circle is " << area << endl; cout << "The circumference of the circle is " << circum ; }

AREA AND CIRCUMFERENCE OF A CIRCLE Program Output

Case Study: Coin Collection

// DETERMINES THE VALUE OF A COIN COLLECTION #include <iostream> #include <conio.h> using namespace std; class Coins { private: int pennies; // input: count of pennies int nickels; // input: count of nickels int dollars; // output: value of coins in dollars int change; // output: value of coins in cents int total_cents; // total cents represented public: void Read_Pennies_Nickles_From_User(); void Comppute_Cents_Dollars_Change(); void Display(); };

int main () { Coins c; c.Read_Pennies_Nickles_From_User(); c.Comppute_Cents_Dollars_Change(); c.Display(); getch(); return 0; }

// Read in the count of nickels and pennies. // Find total cents and value of dollars and change.

void Coins::Read_Pennies_Nickles_From_User() { cout << "Enter the number of nickels and press return: "; cin >> nickels; cout << "Enter the number of pennies and press return: "; cin >> pennies; } void Coins::Comppute_Cents_Dollars_Change() { total_cents = 5 * nickels + pennies; dollars = total_cents / 100; change = total_cents % 100; } void Coins::Display() { cout << "Your collection is worth " << dollars << " dollars and " << change << " cents." << endl; }

Coin Collection Program Output

Case Study: ALPHABETICALLY FIRST LETTER

// FINDS AND DISPLAYS THE ALPHABETICALLY FIRST LETTER #include<iostream> #include<conio.h> using namespace std; // Functions used ... class FirstLetter { private: // needed for cin and cout

char char char char public: char void };

ch1; ch2; ch3; alpha_first;

// input: three letters to be processed

// output: alphabetically first letter // return alphabetically first letter among two letters

get_first(); set(char,char,char);

int main () { char c1,c2,c3; FirstLetter fl; // Read three letters. cout << "Enter any three letters: "; cin >> c1 >> c2 >> c3; fl.set(c1,c2,c3); // Save the alphabetically first of ch1,ch2 and ch3 in alpha_first.

// Display result. cout << endl << fl.get_first() << " is the first letter alphabetically." << endl; _getch(); return 0; }

// FINDS THE ALPHABETICALLY FIRST LETTER OF PAIR char FirstLetter::get_first() { if (ch1 < ch2 && ch1 < ch3) return ch1; // letter1 comes before letter2 and letter3 else if (ch2 < ch3 && ch2 < ch1) return ch2; // letter2 comes before letter3 and letter1 else if (ch3 < ch1 && ch3 < ch2) return ch3; // letter3 comes before letter1 and letter2 }

void FirstLetter::set(char c1, char c2, char c3) { ch1 = c1; ch2 = c2; ch3 = c3; }

ALPHABETICALLY FIRST LETTER Program Output

Case Study: Payroll Problem Form Payroll Public Class frmPayroll

'variables declaration Dim hoursWorked, hourlyRate, grossSalary, netSalaty As Double ' object p1 of type clsPayroll Dim p1 As New clsPayroll Private Sub frmPayroll_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load txtbxDues.Text = "$" & p1.SetAndGet_Dues() txtbxMaxNoDues.Text = "$" & p1.SetAndGet_maxNoDues() End Sub Private Sub btnClclt_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnClclt.Click 'Button click event procedure If (txtbxHrsWrkd.Text.ToString = "" Or txtbxHrlyRt.Text.ToString = "") Then MsgBox("one or more field is left empty") Else ' get values from text boxes hoursWorked = txtbxHrsWrkd.Text hourlyRate = txtbxHrlyRt.Text End If 'set values to class data members p1.SetValues(hoursWorked, hourlyRate) 'compute gross salary and save in variable grossSalary = p1.ComputeGross() 'output result in text box txtbxGrssSlry.Text = "$" & grossSalary 'set values p1.SetValues(hoursWorked, hourlyRate, grossSalary) 'compute net salary and save in variable netSalaty = p1.ComputeNet() 'output result in text box txtbxNtSlry.Text = "$" & netSalaty End Sub Private Sub txtbxDues_TextChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles txtbxDues.TextChanged p1.SetAndGet_Dues() = txtbxDues.Text End Sub Private Sub txtbxMaxNoDues_TextChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles txtbxMaxNoDues.TextChanged p1.SetAndGet_maxNoDues() = txtbxMaxNoDues.Text End Sub

End Class

Class Payroll Public Class clsPayroll

Private maxNoDues As Double = 100.0 Private dues As Double = 25.0 Const max_hours As Double = 40.0 Const overtime_rate As Double = 2.0 Private hours, rate, gross, net As Double Public Sub SetValues(Optional ByVal h As Double Optional ByVal r As Double Optional ByVal g As Double Optional ByVal n As Double hours = h rate = r gross = g net = n End Sub Public Property SetAndGet_maxNoDues() As Double Get Return maxNoDues End Get Set(ByVal value As Double) maxNoDues = value End Set End Property Public Property SetAndGet_Dues() As Double Get Return dues End Get Set(ByVal value As Double) dues = value End Set End Property

= = = =

0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)

Public Function ComputeGross() As Double If hours <= max_hours Then Return hours * rate Else Return (max_hours * rate) + (hours - max_hours) * overtime_rate * rate End If End Function Public Function ComputeNet() As Double If (gross > maxNoDues) Then Return gross - dues Else Return gross End If End Function

End Class

Payroll Program Output

Case Study: Checking Account Balance Problem Program Output

Form Opening Balance

Public Class frmOpeningBalance
Private Sub frmOpeningBalance_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load End Sub Private Sub btnOpnngBlnc_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnOpnngBlnc.Click If txtbxOpnngBlnc.Text = "" Then frmCheckBalanceVB1.txtbxOpngBlnc.Text = "$" & 0 frmCheckBalanceVB1.txtbxEndngBlnc.Text = "$" & 0 frmCheckBalanceVB1.txtbxBlnc.Text = "$" & 0 Else frmCheckBalanceVB1.txtbxOpngBlnc.Text = "$" & txtbxOpnngBlnc.Text frmCheckBalanceVB1.txtbxEndngBlnc.Text = "$" & txtbxOpnngBlnc.Text frmCheckBalanceVB1.Current_Balance = txtbxOpnngBlnc.Text frmCheckBalanceVB1.txtbxBlnc.Text = "$" & txtbxOpnngBlnc.Text End If Me.Close() frmCheckBalanceVB1.Enabled = True frmCheckBalanceVB1.TopMost() = True frmCheckBalanceVB1.txtbxChck.Focus() End Sub Private Sub txtbxOpnngBlnc_TextChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles txtbxOpnngBlnc.TextChanged End Sub

End Class

Form Add Record

Public Class frmAddRecord
Private Sub btnAddRcrd_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnAddRcrd.Click If frmCheckBalanceVB1.i < 19 Then frmCheckBalanceVB1.i += 1 frmCheckBalanceVB1.y += 19 frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName = "dtp" & CStr(frmCheckBalanceVB1.i) Dim dp As New DateTimePicker dp.Name = frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName dp.Format = DateTimePickerFormat.Short frmCheckBalanceVB1.Controls.Add(dp) dp.Location = New Point(0, frmCheckBalanceVB1.y) dp.Size = New Size(87, 20) frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName = "txtbxChck" & CStr(frmCheckBalanceVB1.i) Dim tb As New TextBox tb.Name = frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName frmCheckBalanceVB1.Controls.Add(tb) tb.Location = New Point(93, frmCheckBalanceVB1.y) tb.Size = New Size(87, 20)

tb.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName = "txtbxTrnsactnDscrptn" & CStr(frmCheckBalanceVB1.i) Dim tb2 As New TextBox tb2.Name = frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName frmCheckBalanceVB1.Controls.Add(tb2) tb2.Location = New Point(179, frmCheckBalanceVB1.y) tb2.Size = New Size(350, 20) tb2.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName = "txtbxCtgry" & CStr(frmCheckBalanceVB1.i) Dim tb3 As New TextBox tb3.Name = frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName frmCheckBalanceVB1.Controls.Add(tb3) tb3.Location = New Point(528, frmCheckBalanceVB1.y) tb3.Size = New Size(143, 20) tb3.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName = "txtbxDbt" & CStr(frmCheckBalanceVB1.i) Dim tb4 As New TextBox tb4.Name = frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName frmCheckBalanceVB1.Controls.Add(tb4) tb4.Location = New Point(670, frmCheckBalanceVB1.y) tb4.Size = New Size(100, 20) tb4.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName = "txtbxCrdt" & CStr(frmCheckBalanceVB1.i) Dim tb5 As New TextBox tb5.Name = frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName tb5.Location = New Point(769, frmCheckBalanceVB1.y) tb5.Size = New Size(100, 20) tb5.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle tb5.Text = txtbxDeposit.Text tb5.TextAlign = ToolBarTextAlign.Right frmCheckBalanceVB1.Controls.Add(tb5) frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName = "txtbxBlnc" & CStr(frmCheckBalanceVB1.i) Dim tb6 As New TextBox tb6.Name = frmCheckBalanceVB1.tbName tb6.Location = New Point(868, frmCheckBalanceVB1.y) tb6.Size = New Size(100, 20) tb6.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle tb6.TextAlign = ToolBarTextAlign.Right frmCheckBalanceVB1.Current_Balance += tb5.Text tb6.Text = "$" & frmCheckBalanceVB1.Current_Balance frmCheckBalanceVB1.Controls.Add(tb6) End If Me.Close() frmCheckBalanceVB1.txtbxEndngBlnc.Text = "$" & frmCheckBalanceVB1.Current_Balance End Sub Private Sub frmAddRecord_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load End Sub

End Class

Form Check Balance

Public Class frmCheckBalanceVB1
Public Public Public Public y As Short = 28 i As Short = 0 tbName As String Current_Balance As Integer = 0

Dim cb As clsCheckBalanceVB1 Private Sub checkBalanceVB1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load Me.Enabled = False frmOpeningBalance.Show() End Sub Private Sub txtbxDbt0_TextChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles txtbxDbt.TextChanged txtbxCrdt.Enabled = False 'd txtbxBlnc.Text = "$" & CType(txtbxBlnc.Text, Integer) - CType(txtbxDbt.Text, Integer) If Not (txtbxCrdt.Text = "") And Not (txtbxDbt.Text = 0) Then 'd MsgBox("You can either debit or credit") txtbxDbt.Text = 0 End If If txtbxDbt.Text = 0 Then txtbxCrdt.Enabled = True 'd txtbxCrdt.Focus() 'd End If End Sub Private Sub txtbxCrdt0_TextChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles txtbxCrdt.TextChanged txtbxBlnc.Text += txtbxCrdt.Text End Sub

Public Sub btnAdd_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnAdd.Click frmAddRecord.Show() End Sub

Private Sub btnDltRcrd_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnDltRcrd.Click Dim c As Control For Each c In Me.Controls If c.Name = "dtp" & CStr(i) Then Me.Controls.Remove(c) End If Next For Each c In Me.Controls If c.Name = "txtbxChck" & CStr(i) Then Me.Controls.Remove(c) End If Next For Each c In Me.Controls If c.Name = "txtbxTrnsactnDscrptn" & CStr(i) Then Me.Controls.Remove(c) End If Next For Each c In Me.Controls If c.Name = "txtbxCtgry" & CStr(i) Then Me.Controls.Remove(c)

End If Next For Each c In Me.Controls If c.Name = "txtbxDbt" & CStr(i) Then Me.Controls.Remove(c) End If Next For Each c In Me.Controls If c.Name = "txtbxCrdt" & CStr(i) Then Me.Controls.Remove(c) End If Next For Each c In Me.Controls If c.Name = "txtbxBlnc" & CStr(i) Then Me.Controls.Remove(c) End If Next If i >= 0 Then i -= 1 End If If y > 28 Then y -= 19 End If End Sub

End Class

Class Check Balance

Public Class clsCheckBalanceVB1
Private Private Private Private start_balance As Double = 0.0 ' input: balance at start of period current_balance As Double = 0.0 ' output: balance at end of period num_checks As Integer = 0 ' output: number of checks for period num_deps As Integer = 0 'output: number of deposits for period

Public Property SetAndGet_start_balance() As Double Get Return start_balance End Get Set(ByVal value As Double) start_balance = value End Set End Property

End Class

Case Study: Coin Collection Program Output

Form Coin Collection

Public Class frmCoinCollection
Dim c1 As New clsCoinCollection Dim nickles, pennies, dollar, change As Integer

Private Sub frmCoinCollection_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load End Sub Private Sub txtbxNickels_TextChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles txtbxNickels.TextChanged

If (txtbxNickels.Text.ToString = "") Then nickles = 0 End If If (txtbxNickels.Text.ToString <> "") Then nickles = CType(txtbxNickels.Text.ToString, Integer) End If If (txtbxPennies.Text.ToString <> "") Then pennies = CType(txtbxPennies.Text.ToString, Integer) End If c1.SetValues(pennies, nickles) If (c1.CalTotalCents() >= 100) Then dollar = c1.CalTotalCents() \ 100 txtbxDollars.Text = CType(dollar, Integer) End If txtbxCents.Text = c1.CalTotalCents Mod 100

End Sub Private Sub txtbxPennies_TextChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles txtbxPennies.TextChanged If (txtbxPennies.Text.ToString = "") Then pennies = 0 End If If (txtbxPennies.Text.ToString <> "") Then pennies = CType(txtbxPennies.Text.ToString, Integer) End If If (txtbxNickels.Text.ToString <> "") Then nickles = CType(txtbxNickels.Text.ToString, Integer) End If c1.SetValues(pennies, nickles) If (c1.CalTotalCents() >= 100) Then dollar = c1.CalTotalCents() \ 100 txtbxDollars.Text = CType(dollar, Integer) End If txtbxCents.Text = c1.CalTotalCents Mod 100 End Sub

End Class

Class Coin Collection

Public Class clsCoinCollection
Private pennies, nickles, dollars, change, totalCent As Integer Public Sub SetValues(Optional ByVal p As Integer = 0, Optional ByVal n As Integer = 0, Optional ByVal d As Integer = 0, Optional ByVal c As Integer = 0, Optional ByVal t As Integer = 0) pennies = p nickles = n dollars = d change = c totalCent = t End Sub Public Function CalTotalCents() As Integer Return 5 * nickles + pennies End Function

End Class