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On Optimization of 3G Cellular Systems Deployment: ITU IMT-2000 Seminar Warsaw, October 2001
On Optimization of 3G Cellular Systems Deployment: ITU IMT-2000 Seminar Warsaw, October 2001
On Optimization of 3G Cellular Systems Deployment: ITU IMT-2000 Seminar Warsaw, October 2001
'80s
'90s
'2000s
Initial stage
Growing stage
Expansion stage
Matured stage
DIGITAL
AMPS, NMT, NTT... (1st generation) GSM, PDC, IS-95 (2nd generation)
IMT-2000
(3rd generation)
4thgeneration
Mobile Data
<300bps
PSTND ata
28.8bps
64 kbps
Up to 20 Mbps ??
US
Japan
NAMTS
TACS E TACS
RMTS
RC2000
C450
NMT900
NMT450i
DAMPS IS-54
CDMA IS-95
PDC
DCSI800
USDC
PCS 1900
PCS UWC-136
PHS
3G
UMTS IMT-2000 ?
3+G
Under standardization
2000
2010
3rd Generation
2nd Generation
N-ISDN
Wireless Access
4th Generation
5th Generation
Milli-wave LAN
B-ISDN
10k
2M
50M
155Mb/s
600Mb/s
3G networks should provide access, by means of one or more radio links, to a wide
range of telecommunications services supported by the fixed telecommunication networks (e.g. PSTN/ISDN/IP), and to other services which are specific to mobile users.
Frequency bands
Operate in frequency bands ranging from 800 MHz to 1.9 GHz, depending on the country Limited to data rates below 115 kb/s (WAP-GRPS-SMS) Generally limited to specific regions, Handsets not compatible between different systems Spectrum efficiency, cost and flexibility limited by technology in use at time of system design TDMA, CDMA 9.6 kb/s with evolution up to 171.2 kb/s (2.5 G)
Optimisation of radio interfaces for multiple operating environments such as vehicular, pedestrian, introoffice, fixed wireless access and satellite, via a single flexible or scalable radio interface. Use a common global frequency band Transmission speeds up to 2 Mb/s Global frequency coordination and ITU standards will provide true global roaming and equipment compatibility Spectrum efficiency, flexibility and overall costs all significantly improved. W-CDMA 144 kb/s 2 Mb/s
Technology
Applications
MGW/ PDSN
Ongoing Collaboration
3 GPP WCDMA + GSM Others: UWC - 136 DECT TD-CDMA 3 GPP2 cdma2000 + ANSI-41
Flexible connection between RTT modes and core networks based on operators' needs
Evolved GSM/MAP
Evolved ANSI-41
Network-to-network interface
Europe
Japan
W-CDMA
CDMA
Wideband
Cdma 2000
US
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
10
IMT-DS
IMT-MC
IMT-TC
IMT-SC
IMT-FT
CDMA
TDMA
FDMA
IMT-DS (Direct Spread)=W-CDMA (FDD) IMT-MC (Multi Carrier)=cdma 2000 IMT-TC (Time-Code)=UMTS TDD, TD-SCDMA IMT-SC (Single Carrier)=UWC-136 IMT-FT (Frequency Time)=DECT
Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 11
CDMA 2000
12
IS-95-B
Improvements for hard-handoff algorithms in multicarrier environments and in parameters that affect the control of soft handoffs. Higher data rates of up to 115kb/s can be supported by bundling up to eight 14.4 or 9.6 kb/s data channels.
Cdma2000
Developed to support 3G services. This standard is divided into two phases:
Cdma2000 1X 1X stands for standard carrier (1.25MHz) at air interface. It delivers twice the voice capacity of cdmaOne with average data rates of 144kb/s. Cdma2000 3X 3X stands to signify 3x1.25MHz with data rates of up to 2Mb/s Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 13
Layered architecture
IOS BSS
4Q99
2Q00
1H01
2H02 2H03
14
TDMA (TIA/EIA-136)
This standard includes EIA-553 and IS-54 systems
IS-136HS
For satisfying requirements for IMT-2000, the Universal Wireless Communication Consortium (UWCC) proposed the 136 High-Speed (136HS) radio interface.
15
Model for an EGPRS/136 network integrated into a TIA/EIA-136 circuitswitched network through an SGSN gateway MSC/VLR
C-D
ANSI-41 HLR/AC
C-D
ANSI-41 MC/OTAF
SME
SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC
Gd
SM-SC
Gs Gr Gb Gc
Um
PDN
TE
TE
MT
BSS
Gn Gp
SGSN
GGSN
Gn Gf Gi
EIR GGSN
Other PLMN
SGSN
16
17
GPRS ARCHITECTURE
Radio Subsystem
Base Station Subsystem BSS GR
Switching Subsystem
BSC
SGSN
GGSN
MS
Other PLMN
BSC
PDN
Abis - Interface
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Name
Circuit-switched packet-switched
HW-Upgrade Required?
Typical Application Environment Rural and urban, mobile and stationary Mostly urban, mobile and stationary Urban, mostly stationary
HSCSD
57.6
CS
No
+ Available now - Expensive for subscriber ++ Being online permanently ++ Charging based on volume ++ Top speed -- Extensive HW-upgrade
GPRS
115
PS
Yes
EDGE
384
PS+CS
Extensive
19
UMTS (3GPP) ARCHITECTURE RELEASE 99 (R3) This release supports WCDMA access and ATM-based transport
Core net
Um
GSM RSS
MS Radio
lu-ps
Circuit domain
20
UTRAN ARCHITECTURE
CN
Iu
Iu
Node B
Node B
Node B
Uu
Uu
Node B
Node B
Node B
UE
UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network RNS Radio Network Subsystems RNC- Radio Network Controller
21
UMTS R3 is composed of the UTRAN attached to two separate core network domains:
Circuit switched domain based on enhanced GSM MSCs consists of the following network elements: 2G/3G mobile-services switching center including the VLR functionality HLR with AC (Authentication Center) functionality Packet switched domain built on enhanced GPRS support nodes consists of: 2G/3G serving GPRS support node with subscriber location register (SGR) functionality Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) Border gateway
22
SCP
Other PLMN
R-SGW*) Ms Mm Mg MGCF Gi Gi
Gi
Multimedia IP Networks
SGSN GGSN Gn Gp
CAP HSS*)
Cx
CSCF Mr MRF
Gn
T-SGW*)
PDN/ Internet
Gr R TE R TE MT MT Uu UTRAN Um
GERAN
lu-ps lu
SGSN
GGSN
Nb
lu1
MGW
lu 2
MGW
Mc
Nc
MSC server
GMSC server
T-SGW
23
UTRAN
E-SGSN lu-ps
IP
E-GGSN
Gi
MGW
PSTN/ISDN
MGW lu-cs
VoIP/VoATM
MGW
VMSC server
GMSC server
R5 introduces All-IP environment including: Transport: utilization of the IP transport and connectivity with QoS throughout the network End-user services: with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) possibilities to offer wide range of totally new services
24
2G
2.5G
3G R99(R3)
UTRAN W-CDMA CORE PS Domain - Data CS Domain - Voice
3G R00 (R4)
3GR00+ (R5)
SS7 over IP IP Multimedia services New entities in the Core SIP Call Model CAMEL Ph4
GSM
MAP
GPRS
MAP
Phase 1 - GSM CS Voice and Data Phase 2 - GPRS Overlay Network Phase 3 - UMTS R99 Phase 4 - All IP UMTS R00 Phase 5 - IP Multi-media (IM)
25
GSM Phase 2+
FDMA/TDMA 64 kb/s; 115kb/s Enhanced full rate (EFR), transcoder free operation (TFO) Tri-band (900, 1800, 1900 MHz)
UMTS
TDMA/CDMA 384 kb/s; 2 Mb/s Adaptive multirate (AMR) 2000MHz, spectrum efficiency Seamless global roaming in multiradio environments and applications areas Enhanced authentication and user identity confidentiality, network domain security Circuit- and packet-switched bearers, real-time packet bearer Full Internet capability, speech, data, multimedia, virtual home environment (VHE)
Roaming
Global roaming Fraud information gathering, SS7 security, lawful interception (LI)
64 kbit/s circuit bearer, packet bearers by General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Service customization, service portability, value-added services, mobile Internet access, and Web-like information service
Security Bearers
Circuit-switched bearers
Speech and low-speed circuitswitched data, supplementary services, short message service
Services
26
27
28
Complementtype scenarios
Higher rate Cellular mobility Micro and macro cells Indispensable Indispensable Multiple Multiple Core network Multiple systems Transparent Multiple Complement
29
There are two possible ways for mobile operators to migrate from 2G (2G+) to 3G:
30
IN Platform Iu
Camel
UMTS BS UMTS TE
BTS
UMTS BS
ISUP A
MSC/VLR
Map
HLR
ISDN
Map Gi Gn
SGSN
Internet
Internet
GSM TE
BTS
GSM BTS
GGSN
RAN Subsystem
CN Subsystem
31
UMTS BS UMTS TE
BTS
ISUP Iu
3G MSC/VLR Camel ISDN
UMTS BS
ISUP
HLR
Map
2G MSC/VLR
Gi
Internet
Gn
Internet
Gn
GGSN
GSM TE
BTS
GSM BTS
RAN Subsystem
CN Subsystem
32
SCENARIO No.2(a):
Re-dimension of the existing core network to be able to support 3G broadband services Optimize transmission network for a suitable traffic mix Network management system
SCENARIO No.2(b):
2G and 3G networks have minimum impact on each other
33
Deploy IP Core
34
Abbreviations
3GPP - Third generation partnership project AAA - Authentication, authorization and accounting AC - Authentication center AMPS - Advanced mobile phone service ANSI - American National Standards Institute ATM - Asynchronous transfer mode BSC - Base station controller BSS - Base station subsystem BTS - Base transceiver station CDMA - Code division multiple access CN - Core network CSCF - Call state control function CRNC - Controlling part of RNC DECT - Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone system DRNC - Drift RNC EGPRS - Enhanced GPRS EIR - Equipment identification register E-SGSN- Enhanced SGSN E-GGSN-Enhanced GGSN E-VMSC-Enhanced visited MSC E-MPSN- Enhanced mobile packet service node Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 35
Abbreviations
FDD - Frequency division duplex GERAN- GPRS radio access network GGSN - Gateway GPRS support node GMSC - Gateway MSC GPRS - General packet radio service GSM - Global system for mobile communication HLR - Home location register HSCSD- High-speed circuit switched data service IP - Internet protocol IWF - Interworking function IWMSC- Interworking MSC MAP - Mobile application part MGW - Media gateway MGCF - Media gateway control function MPLS - Multi protocol label switching MS - Mobile subscriber MT - Mobile terminal PDC - Personal digital cellular system PDSN - Packet data service node PHS - Personal handyphone system Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 36
Abbreviations
RAN - Radio access network RNC - Radio network controller RNS - Radio network subsystem SCP - Service control point SGSN - Serving GPRS support node SIP - Session initiation protocol SMS - Short message service SRNC - Serving RNC STM - Synchronous transfer mode TDD - Time division duplex TDMA - Time division multiple access TE - Terminal equipment UE - User equipment UMTS - Universal mobile telecommunication system UTRAN-UMTS terrestrial radio access UWC - Universal wireless communication system VLR - Visitor location register WAP - Wireless application protocol WCDMA-Wideband CDMA
37