Ihtmdn

sI Sn AhkmZv

Akw: apkvenw-th-b
- psS
thcp-I

k-an-se hw-is
- h-dn \-ct
- a-[n-\v h-gn-sh-n-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv.
A-kl
- n-jvW
- p-Xb
- p-sS ]p-Xp-Ncn-{Xw c-Nn-p-\S
-
- ap-kve
- nw
Iq-s
- m-e a
- m-[y-a
- f
- n-eq-sS
]p-d
- p-h
- p-sIm-n-cn-p-Xns\-m `o-Xn-Xa
- m-Wv. A-Sm- ]-Ib
- pw H-Sp-m-
ssh-ch
- pw H-cp P-\h
- n-`m-K
- ns X-s kzm-yw sI-Spn-bn-cn-p-p. ]n-d
- p-ho-W
a-n Po-hn-m A-\p-hZ
- nm-sX B-n-tbm-Sn-s
- -Sp-Xn-s\-m- h-en-b A-]c
- m-[sa-mWp-X
- v? t_m-tUm-Ifpw _w-Km-fn kw-km-cn-p-
ap-kve
- nw-If
- pw X-n-ep- kw-

L-jw C-ymhn-`P
- \
-
- n-\v ti-jw cm-Pyw I h-Kob e-lf
- I
- f
- n-se a-sm-cp I-dp- A[ym-ba
- m-bn am-dn-bn-cn-p-p.
sa-bv 30\v H-cp ap-kve
- nw sXm-gn-em-fn sIm-s-X
- p apX ]p-I
pXp-S
- n-bX
- m-Wv ]p-Xnb {]-iv\
-
- . Pq-sse B-dn-\v A-m-Xc
- m-b
tXm-p-[m-cn-I c-v ap-kve
- nw sN-dp-
- m-sc
sh-Sn-sh-p sIm-X
- m-Wv ]n-o-Sv I-em-]
- n-\v
Xn-cn-sIm-fp-n-bX
- v. Hm t_m-tUm-em-Uv
ssa-t\m-dn-n p-U-kv bq-\n-b, Hm A-kw
ssa-t\m-dn-n p-U-kv bq-\n-b F-o kw-LS-\I
- f
- p-sS t\-Xm-f
- m-b \q-dp l-Jv, ap-Po_pd-lva
- m F-n-hc
- p-sS a-cW
-
- n-\v ]n-n
t_m-tUm- en-_t
- d-j ssS-tK-kv t^mgvkmsW- B-tcm-]W
- a
- p-b-n-cp-p. A-ka
- n-se
tIm-{K-kv a-{nk-`b
- n-se k-Jy-I
- n-bm-b
t_m-tUm-em-Uv ]o-n-kv {^-n-s X-s

]pkvXIw 36 | ew 03 | 2012 BKkvXv 10

a-sm-cp Iq-m-bva
- b
- m-Wv en-_td-j ssS-tK-kv. Cu
sIm-e]
- m-XI
-
- -s-Xn-sc
\-S]
- S
- n-I F-Sp-p-X
- n
kw-m-\ K-h-sa v Ime-Xm-ak
- w h-cp-n-bn-cp-p.
C-Xn-\n-Sb
- n-em-Wv t_m-tUmen-_t
- d-j ssS-tK-kv
t^mgvk
- n-s \m-ev ap {]h-I
- A-{I-an-If
- m Pnbm-]q {Km-a
- n h-[n-s-Sp-X
- v. C-Xv ]n-o-Sv cmPy-s \-Sp-n-b a-sm-cp
h-Ko-b I-em-]
- n-\v Xp-S-an-Sp-Ib
- m-bn-cp-p. sIm-{IPm Pn-b
- n B-cw-`n- Iem-]w a-v t_m-tUm-em-Uv
{]-tZ-i
- f
- m-b Nn-cmw-Mv, DZ-Kp-cn, [p-_vc
- n, t_m-tKmbvK
- m-hv, tkm-\n-Xv]
- q, cmw]q, ]-N-Im-X F-n-hn-S
- fn-te-pw h-fs
- c th-K
- n
hym-]n-p. Aqtdm-fw {Kma-f
- n I-em-]w ]-S-X
- mbm-Wv e-`y-am-b hn-hc
-
-
kq-Nn-n-p-X
- v.
Hu-tZym-Kn-I I-W
- p-{]Im-cw 58 t]-cp-sS a-cW
- a
- m-Wv
dn-tm-v sN-bvX
- n-p-X
- v. Fm 200\pw 300-\p-an-S
- v ac-Ww \-S
- n-p-s-X
- m-Wv
hn-iz-k\
- o-ba
- m-b dn-tm-v.
ap-kve
- nw {Km-a
- f
- n-se sN-fnm-S
- f
- pw sk-]v
- n-Iv Sm-p-Ifpw ar-Xi
- c
- o-c
- H-gp-In \S-p- \n-eb
- n-em-sW-m-Wv
A-hn-Sw k--in- am-[y-a{- ]h-I
- dn-tm-v sN-p-Xv. \m-ev e-t
- m-fw
t] ho-Sp-I D-t]-n-v
Iym-p-If
- n I-gn-bp-p-v.
14,400 ap-kve
- nw-I Ip-Sn-sbmgn-n-s
- -n-cn-p-p. 410
Iym-p-I Xp-d
- n-p-v. CXn 235 F-w ap-kve
- nw A`-bm-Yn-I-v th-n-bmWv. A-`b
- m-Yn Iym-p-If
- nse A-h
A-Xy-w ]-cnXm-]I
- c
- a
- m-Wv. Iym-p-Ifn I-bd
- n-bpw A-{I-an-I
sh-Sn-bp-Xn-X
- m-bn D-Zp
am-[y-a
- dn-tm-p sN-bvXn-p-v.

A-ka- n-se ap-ke-v nw-I

]-Xn-aq-mw \q-m-n-s Xp-Sw ap-X X-s A-ka
- n

ap-kve
- nw-If
- p-m-bn-cp-p. ]sm-X
- mw \q-m-n-s Ah-km-\t
- m-sS-bm-Wv _w-Kmfn kw-km-cn-p- ln-p-f
- psS-bpw ap-kve
- nw-If
- p-sS-bpw Ak-an-te-p- I-S
- p-Ib
-
- a
- pm-bn-p-X
- v. ^-e`
- q-bnjvT
{]-tZ-ia
- m-b A-ka
- n-se X-t-ihm-kn-I A-ek
- m-cm-bn-cp-

""

F-Xn-s-n-epw {_n-o-jpIm A-Xv h-Is

- h-n-. N-cn{X-]c
- a
- m-b Cu h-kvX
- p-XI
- sf a-d
- p-sh-p-sIm-m-Wv
Ip-Sn-tb-
- n\v `o-Ic
- X
- b
- psSbpw Xo-{h-hm-Z
- n-sbpw
hWw \Ip-X
- v. Cu IpSn-tb-w C-ym]m-In-kvXm hn-`P
- \
- k
- a
- b
-
- pw Xp-S-

sa-bv 30\v H-cp ap-kv-enw sXm-gn-em-fn

sIm-s
- -t- m X-s ]p-I
pXpS-n-bX
- m-Wv ]p-Xn-b {]-iv\
-
- . Pqsse B-dn-\v A-m-X-cm-b tXm-p[m-cn-I c-v ap-kv-enw sN-dp--msc sh-Sn-sh-p sIm--Xm-Wv ]n-o-Sv
I-em-]
- n-\v Xn-cn-sIm-fp-n-bX
- v.

p. Ir-jn-p-th-n Cu-v
_w-Km-fn I-jI
- s
- c Ak-ante-v sIm-p-hc
- p-X
- v {_-ojp-Im-cm-Wv. {_n-o-jv `-cW
- Im-e
- v tX-bn-e tXm-
- f
- nepw N-W hy-hk
- m-b
- n-epw
ITn-\m-[zm-\n-If
- pw D-kp-Ic
- pam-b Cu P-\
- k-Po-ha
- mbn-cp-p. Cu k-ab
-
- v [m-cmfw Ip-Sn-tb-
- fp-m-bn-p-v.
X-t-io-b Cu Ip-Sn-tb-s
-

n-cp-p.
A-ka
- n-se Ip-Sn-tb-
- nse ap-kve
- nw A-\p-]m-Xw ]-cntim-[n-t-X
- v hn-hm-Z ]m-e
-
- n A-\nhmcyam-bn-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv. 1951 se
sk-kk
- v {]-Im-cw kwm-\ P-\k
- w-Jy-bn 26.60% ap-kve
- nw-If
- m-bn-cp-p. 30.90% am-Wv 2001se I-W
- p{]-Im-cw A-ka
- n-se ap-kve
- nw
P-\k
- w-Jy. A-X
- v h-jn-\n-Sb
- v
- v cm-Py-s a-pkw-m-\
- f
- n-ep- ap-kvenw-If
- p-sS h-f-m-\n-c
- ns\-m C-Xv Ip-dh
- m-sW-v
Im-Wmw. ]n-s F-s
- \-bmWv C-tm-gpw A-\[
- n-Ir-Xa
- mb Ip-Sn-tb-a
- p-s-v ]-db
- p-Xv. Xp-S-p-sIm-n-cn-p _w-m-tZ-in Ip-Sn-tb-a
- mWv I-em-] Im-cW
- s
- a-m-Wv
_n sP ]n t\-Xm-hv F
sI A-Zzm-\n Kp-hm-l
- nbn ]-{X-kt
- -f\
- w \-S
- n
]-d
X
- v. _n sP ]n-bp-sS
h-Ko-b cm-jv{- So-bh
- pw
tIm-{K-kn-s `q-cn-]
{]o-W\
- thm-p_m-v cm-jv{So-bh
- p-am-Wv bm-YmYn {]-iv\
-
- Kp-cp-Xc-am-p-X
- v.9

]pkvXIw 36 | ew 03 | 2012 BKkvXv 10

t_m-tUm tZ-io-bX
-

aq-mw-In-S ]u-c-am
C-y `-cW
- L
- S
- \
- {- ]-Im-cw cv X-c
- n-ep- ]u-cX
- z-am-Wp-Xv. F-m A-ka
- n aq-ma-sXm-p Iq-Sn \n-eh
- n-ep-v.
Un-t
- hm-t-kv (Uu-v^
- p-k
- wi-bm-kv]
- Z
- a
- m-b thm--am) Fm-Wv A-h-v \m-aI
- c
- W
- w
sN-bvX
- n-p-X
- v. \yq-\]
-
- -v ta k--w sN-epm-\p- H-cp X-{-am-bm-Wv
C-Xn-s\ ap-kve
- nw t\-Xm-
Im-Wp-X
- v. _w-m-tZin \np- ln-pIp-Sn-tb-
- m-sc
A-`b
- mYn-Is
- f-pw ap-kve
- nw-Isf A-\[
- n-Ir-X \p-g
p-Ib
-
- m-sc-pw ap-{Z-Ip-p- hrn-sI- cm-jv{- So-ba
- m-Wv C-tmgp-s
- X-m-Wv h-kvX
- p-X. Un-thm-t-kv en-n-ep- ]-e lnp--pw Im-e{- I-ta-W ]uc-Xzw \-In-b N-cn-{X-am-Wp-Xv. D-Zm-lc
- W
-
- n-\v dn-t
- b-Uv
kn B ]n F-^v P-hm A-\Xv _m-p _n-izm-kpw A-t-ln-s `m-cy B-cX
- n _n-izmkpw 1996 h-sc Un-t
- hm-t-kv
en-n-ep-h
- c
- m-bn-cp-p. Fm A-hc
- p-sS a- Cu enn s]-h
- c
-
- . C-Xv ap-kve
- nwI-v A-\p-hZ
- n-m-X
- p-sImp-Xs
- 80% Un-t
- hm-t-kv
en-n-ep-h
- ap-kve
- nw-If
- msW-X
- m-Wv a-sm-cp sR-n-p Im-cyw.t\-cn-b t
- Xm-Xn-ep- Ip-Sntb-a
- p-m-Ip-p-s-X
- v h-kvXp-Xb
- m-Wv. A-Xp-aq-ew \q-mp-If
- m-bn C-hn-Sw Xm-ak
- n-p-

sIm-n-cn-p-h
- s
- c "]p-d
- p\n-v h-h
- ' F-m-t-]np-X
- v \ymbo-Ic
- n-m-\mIptam? 1950 sIm-p-h
- IpSn-tb- \n-tcm-[\
- \n-ba
-
- n-se
sk- c-p-{]-Im-cw _w-mtZ-in \n-p-h
- ln-p-s
- f
kw-c
- n-m Xo-cp-am-\n-n-pv. F-m Cu \n-ba
- w Ctm-gpw ap-kve
- nw-I-v _m-[I
- am-p-n-. A-ka
- n-ep- ap-kvenw-Is
- f A-[n-t-]n-m D-]tbm-Kn-p- H-cp ]-Zw am-{X-amWv Ip-Sn-tb-w. A-Xp-sIm-p-Xs ap-kve
- nw t\-Xm-f
- pw kwL-S\
- I
- f
- pw C-Xn-s\ F-m-bvtm-gpw i-IvX
- a
- m-bn A-]e
- ]
- n-np-v.

""

A-kw I--Xn
G--hpw `o-I-c-amb hw-io-b kwL-jw 1983
s\-n-bn \-S-Xm-Wv. B-dp-a-Wnq-dp-sIm-v 5000tm-fw (Hu-tZymKn-I I-W-p-{]Im-cw 2191) _w-Kmfn kw-km-cn-p ap-kv-enw-I-sfbm-Wv Iq- \-c-lXy \-S-n-b-Xv.

A-ka
- n-se X-t-io-bc
- m-b P-\hn-`m-Ka
- m-Wv t_m-tUm-I.
t_m-tUm tZ-io-bX
- X-es
- ]mp-t
- Xm-Sp- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv Akw Iq-Sp-X kw-L-j`
- c
- n-Xam-Ip-X
- v. 1980I-fn B Fkv F-n-s {]-h-\
-
-
A-ka
- n in-s-Sp-Ib
- p-mbn. t_m-tUm-Is
- f ap-kve
- nwI-s-Xn-cn A-Wn-\n-c
- p-Xn \n-m-bI
- a
- m-b ]-mWv B F-kv F-kv h-ln-n-p-Xv. 1996 t{]wknw-Kv {_lva
- b
- p-sS t\-Xr-Xz-n
t_m-tUm en-_t
- d-j ssStK-kv t^mgvkv (_n F Sn
F-^v) cq-]o-Ic
- n-t
- Xm-Sp- IqSnbmWv t_m-tUm-I-v thn-bp- `q-ka
- c
- w i-am-Ip-Xv. _n F Sn F-^n-s i-am-b km-bp-[k
- a
- c
-
-
sIm-v 2003 tI-{w `-cn-ncp- _n sP ]n k-m satm-dm-Uw Hm-^v sk-nsan-s A-Sn-m-\
- n
t_m-tUm-em-Uv sS-dn-tm-dnb Iu-kn cq-]o-Ic
- n-p
\-In. sIm-{I-Pm, D-Z-Kp-cn,
_-kvI
- , Nn-cm-Mv F-o \m-ev
Pn-I
- f
- m-Wv t_m-tUm-em-Uv
kz-bw-`c
- W
- m-hI
- m-i {]-tZ-i. AXp-ap-X hw-io-bh
- mZn-If
- m-b t_m-tUm-If
- pw _wKm-fn kw-km-cn-p- ap-kve
- nwI-fpw X-n tZ-io-bX
- b
- p-sS
t]-cn-ep- kw-L-j
-
aqn-p-Ib
- m-bn-cp-p.

s\-n Iq-s- m-e

A-kw I-X
- n G-h
- pw `oI-ca
- m-b hw-io-b kw-L-jw
1983 s\-n-bn \-S
- X
- m-Wv.
B-dp-aW
- n-q-dp-sIm-v 5000tm-fw (Hu-tZym-Kn-I I-Wp-{]-Im-cw 2191) _w-Km-fn kwkm-cn-p- ap-kve
- nw-Is
- f-bmWv Iq- \-cl
- X
- y \-S
- n-bX
- v.
aw-K-tZm-bn tem-Ivk
- `
- m kon lo-cm-em ]-Xvh
- m-cn-bpsS a-cW
- s
- Xp-S-v D-]s
- Xc-s-Sp-v \-S
- p-X
- p-am-bn
_-s
- -m-Wv I-em-]a
- p-m-bXv. thm-]-n-Ib
- n Ip-Sn-tb-m-cp-sS F-w {I-amXo-Xa
- mbn D-s-pw A-Xv H-gn-hm-n-

10

]pkvXIw 36 | ew 03 | 2012 BKkvXv 10

b-Xn-\v ti-jw am-{Xw sX-cs-Sp-v \-S

- n-bm a-Xnsb-pw B A-kmw pU vk
- v bq-\n-b B-hi
- ys-n-cp-p. C-Xv ]-cn-KW
- nm-Xn-cp-X
- m-Wv C-c
- sam-cp \-ct
- a-[
- n-\v ImcW-am-bX
- v. I-em-]s
- Ip-dn-t\z-jn- Xn-hm-cn I-nj dn-tm-v C-tm-gpw Xpd-m-sX c-lk
- y-am-bn kqn-n-cn-p-Ib
- m-Wv.

`-cW
- I
- q-S `o-Ic- X
C-tm \-S
- I-em-]n kw-m-\ k-m-dns Xp-S
-
- n-ep- \n-wK-X h-en-b tXm-Xn Im-cW-am-bn-p-v. tIm-{K-kv
k-m-dn-s X-s k-JyI-n-bm-b t_m-tUm ]on-kv t{]m-{K-o-hv {^-n\v I-em-]
- n ]-p-s-Xv H-cp B-t-]w am-{X-a, h-kvX
- p-X Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Ctm kw-L-jw D-m-bXn-s D-c
- h
- m-Zn-Xzw Xcp sKm-tKm-bn k-m-dn\m-sW-v C-y bq-\nb ap-kve
- nweo-Kv A-kw
L-SI
- w {]-kn-U v Zn-te
Jm B-tcm-]n-n-cp-p. ]-mf-m-cp-sS th-j
- n Bbp-[
- f
- p-am-bn h-s-n-b
I-em-]I
- m-cn-I-v kp-cm D-tZym-K
c
- m-sW-v

sX-n-c
- n-v {Km-a
- f
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h-gn-sbm-cp-n sIm-Sp-X
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- X
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- a
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- h
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- f
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p]n-Sn-v \-in-n-m Xp-S
- n-btm-gm-Wv t_m-tUm I-em-]-

""

sF ]n F-kv Hm-^n-k \mcm-b Zm-kv cm-Pn-sh- hn-hc-hpw sR-n-n-p-X

- m-Wv.
Kp-Pd
- m-v I-em-]
- f
- n-se apJy-a{- n \-tc-{tam-Un-bp-sS
]-n-t\m-Sm-Wv X-cp sKmtKm-bn-bp-sS \n-w-KX
- s
- b imln C-amw au-em-\m k-n-Zv

d-lv-amJm-s\ t]m-se-bp- ap-Xn-

tIm-{K-kv t\-Xm--fpw kw-m-\-p ap-kv-enw Fw ]n-am-cpw ap-Jy-a-{n-sXn-cm-bn ]-c-ky-am-b hn-a-i-\- D-bn-n-p-v. k-m-dn \n-pw I-em-]w
A-Sn-a
- -m k-lm-b
- e-`n-m-Xn {]-Xn-tj-[n-v sF ]n F-kv Hm-^nk \m-cm-b Zm-kv cm-Pn-sh- hn-h-chpw sR-n-n-p--Xm-Wv.

Im-cn-If
- m-Wv C-hs
- c-v a-\
- nem-n-bs
- X-pw Zn-te Jm
]-db
- p-p-v.
d-lva
- mJm-s\ t]m-se-bp ap-Xn- tIm-{K-kv t\Xm-f
- pw kw-m-\
- p-
ap-kve
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- y-am-b
hn-a-i\
-
- D-b
- n-n-p-v.
k-m-dn \n-pw I-em-]w
A-Sn-a
- -m k-lm-b
-
e-`n-m-X
- n {]-Xn-tj-[n-v

A-lva
- Z
- v _p-Jm-cn Xmc-Xa
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tIm-Sn cq-] {]-[m-\a
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C-tm-gp-m-b I-em-]
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B-gw kq-Nn-n-p-X
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{]-[m-\a
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I-em-]
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-
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B-Ik
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