Jallianwala Bagh massacre

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre (also known as the Amritsar massacre), took place in
the Jallianwala Bagh public garden in the northern Indian city of Amritsar on 13 April 1919. The
shooting that took place was ordered by Brigadier-General Reginald E.H. Dyer.
On Sunday 13 April 1919, Dyer was convinced that a major insurrection was going on, thus he banned
all meetings. On hearing that a meeting of 15,000 to 20,000 people had assembled (which included
women, senior citizens and children) at Jallianwala Bagh, he went with fifty riflemen to a raised bank
and ordered them to shoot at the crowd. Dyer kept the firing up till the ammunition supply was almost
exhausted for about ten minutes with 1,650 rounds fired approximately.[1] Official Government of
India sources estimated that the fatalities were 379, with 1,100 wounded. The casualty number
estimated byIndian National Congress was more than 1,500, with approximately 1,000 getting killed.[2]
At Jalliawalla Bagh out of the 1,302 men, women and children slaughtered, 799 (61%) were Sikhs.[3]
Dyer was removed from duty and forced to retire. He became a celebrated hero in Britain among
people with connections to the British Raj.[4] The massacre caused a reevaluation of the Army's role in
which the new policy became minimum force, and the Army was retrained and developed suitable
tactics such as crowd control.[5] Historians considered the episode as a decisive step towards the end
of British rule in India.[6]

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