kkkkGNUkGENERALkPUBLICkLICENSE kkkkkkkVersionk2,kJunek1991 kCopyrightk(C)k1989,k1991kFreekSoftwarekFoundation,kInc. kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk51kFran linkSt,kFifthkFloor,kBoston,kMAkk02110-1301kkUSA kEveryonekiskpermittedktokcopykandkdistributekverbatimkcopies kofkthisklicensekdocument,kbutkchangingkitkisknotkallowed. kkkkPreamble kkTheklicenseskforkmostksoftwarekarekdesignedktokta ekawaykyour freedomktoksharekandkchangekit.kkBykcontrast,kthekGNUkGeneralkPublic Licensekiskintendedktokguaranteekyourkfreedomktoksharekandkchangekfree software--tokma eksurektheksoftwarekiskfreekforkallkitskusers.

kkThis GeneralkPublickLicensekappliesktokmostkofkthekFreekSoftware Foundation'sksoftwarekandktokanykotherkprogramkwhosekauthorskcommitkto usingkit.kk(SomekotherkFreekSoftwarekFoundationksoftwarekiskcoveredkby thekGNUkLibrarykGeneralkPublickLicensekinstead.)kkYoukcankapplykitkto yourkprograms,ktoo. kkWhenkwekspea kofkfreeksoftware,kwekarekreferringktokfreedom,knot price.kkOurkGeneralkPublickLicenseskarekdesignedktokma eksurekthatkyou havekthekfreedomktokdistributekcopieskofkfreeksoftwarek(andkchargekfor thiskservicekifkyoukwish),kthatkyoukreceiveksourcekcodekorkcankgetkit ifkyoukwantkit,kthatkyoukcankchangektheksoftwarekorkusekpieceskofkit inknewkfreekprograms;kandkthatkyouk nowkyoukcankdokthesekthings. kkTokprotectkyourkrights,kwekneedktokma ekrestrictionskthatkforbid anyonektokdenykyoukthesekrightskorktokas kyouktoksurrenderkthekrights. Thesekrestrictionsktranslatektokcertainkresponsibilitieskforkyoukifkyou distributekcopieskofktheksoftware,korkifkyoukmodifykit. kkForkexample,kifkyoukdistributekcopieskofksuchkakprogram,kwhether gratiskorkforkakfee,kyoukmustkgivekthekrecipientskallkthekrightskthat youkhave.kkYoukmustkma eksurekthatkthey,ktoo,kreceivekorkcankgetkthe sourcekcode.kkAndkyoukmustkshowkthemkthesektermsksoktheyk nowktheir rights. kkWekprotectkyourkrightskwithktwoksteps:k(1)kcopyrightktheksoftware,kand (2)kofferkyoukthisklicensekwhichkgiveskyouklegalkpermissionktokcopy, distributekand/orkmodifyktheksoftware. kkAlso,kforkeachkauthor'skprotectionkandkours,kwekwantktokma ekcertain thatkeveryonekunderstandskthatktherekisknokwarrantykforkthiskfree software.kkIfktheksoftwarekiskmodifiedkbyksomeonekelsekandkpassedkon,kwe wantkitskrecipientsktok nowkthatkwhatktheykhavekisknotkthekoriginal,kso thatkanykproblemskintroducedkbykotherskwillknotkreflectkonkthekoriginal authors'kreputations. kkFinally,kanykfreekprogramkiskthreatenedkconstantlykbyksoftware patents.kkWekwishktokavoidkthekdangerkthatkredistributorskofkakfree programkwillkindividuallykobtainkpatentklicenses,kinkeffectkma ingkthe programkproprietary.kkTokpreventkthis,kwekhavekmadekitkclearkthatkany patentkmustkbeklicensedkforkeveryone'skfreekusekorknotklicensedkatkall. kkThekprecisektermskandkconditionskforkcopying,kdistributionkand modificationkfollow.

kkkkGNUkGENERALkPUBLICkLICENSE kkkTERMSkANDkCONDITIONSkFORkCOPYING,kDISTRIBUTIONkANDkMODIFICATION kk0.kThiskLicensekappliesktokanykprogramkorkotherkwor kwhichkcontains aknoticekplacedkbykthekcopyrightkholderksayingkitkmaykbekdistributed underkthektermskofkthiskGeneralkPublickLicense.kkThek"Program",kbelow, refersktokanyksuchkprogramkorkwor ,kandkak"wor kbasedkonkthekProgram" meanskeitherkthekProgramkorkanykderivativekwor kunderkcopyrightklaw: thatkisktoksay,kakwor kcontainingkthekProgramkorkakportionkofkit, eitherkverbatimkorkwithkmodificationskand/orktranslatedkintokanother language.kk(Hereinafter,ktranslationkiskincludedkwithoutklimitationkin thektermk"modification".)kkEachklicenseekiskaddressedkask"you". Activitieskotherkthankcopying,kdistributionkandkmodificationkareknot coveredkbykthiskLicense;ktheykarekoutsidekitskscope.kkThekactkof runningkthekProgramkisknotkrestricted,kandkthekoutputkfromkthekProgram iskcoveredkonlykifkitskcontentskconstitutekakwor kbasedkonkthe Programk(independentkofkhavingkbeenkmadekbykrunningkthekProgram). WhetherkthatkisktruekdependskonkwhatkthekProgramkdoes. kk1.kYoukmaykcopykandkdistributekverbatimkcopieskofkthekProgram's sourcekcodekaskyoukreceivekit,kinkanykmedium,kprovidedkthatkyou conspicuouslykandkappropriatelykpublishkonkeachkcopykankappropriate copyrightknoticekandkdisclaimerkofkwarranty;k eepkintactkallkthe noticeskthatkreferktokthiskLicensekandktokthekabsencekofkanykwarranty; andkgivekanykotherkrecipientskofkthekProgramkakcopykofkthiskLicense alongkwithkthekProgram. Youkmaykchargekakfeekforkthekphysicalkactkofktransferringkakcopy,kand youkmaykatkyourkoptionkofferkwarrantykprotectionkinkexchangekforkakfee. kk2.kYoukmaykmodifykyourkcopykorkcopieskofkthekProgramkorkanykportion ofkit,kthuskformingkakwor kbasedkonkthekProgram,kandkcopykand distributeksuchkmodificationskorkwor kunderkthektermskofkSectionk1 above,kprovidedkthatkyoukalsokmeetkallkofkthesekconditions: kkkka)kYoukmustkcausekthekmodifiedkfilesktokcarrykprominentknotices kkkkstatingkthatkyoukchangedkthekfileskandkthekdatekofkanykchange. kkkkb)kYoukmustkcausekanykwor kthatkyoukdistributekorkpublish,kthatkin kkkkwholekorkinkpartkcontainskorkiskderivedkfromkthekProgramkorkany kkkkpartkthereof,ktokbeklicensedkaskakwholekatknokchargektokallkthird kkkkpartieskunderkthektermskofkthiskLicense. kkkkc)kIfkthekmodifiedkprogramknormallykreadskcommandskinteractively kkkkwhenkrun,kyoukmustkcausekit,kwhenkstartedkrunningkforksuch kkkkinteractivekusekinkthekmostkordinarykway,ktokprintkorkdisplaykan kkkkannouncementkincludingkankappropriatekcopyrightknoticekandka kkkknoticekthatktherekisknokwarrantyk(orkelse,ksayingkthatkyoukprovide kkkkakwarranty)kandkthatkuserskmaykredistributekthekprogramkunder kkkkthesekconditions,kandktellingkthekuserkhowktokviewkakcopykofkthis kkkkLicense.kk(Exception:kifkthekProgramkitselfkiskinteractivekbut kkkkdoesknotknormallykprintksuchkankannouncement,kyourkwor kbasedkon kkkkthekProgramkisknotkrequiredktokprintkankannouncement.)

Thesekrequirementskapplyktokthekmodifiedkwor kaskakwhole.kkIf identifiableksectionskofkthatkwor kareknotkderivedkfromkthekProgram, andkcankbekreasonablykconsideredkindependentkandkseparatekwor skin themselves,kthenkthiskLicense,kandkitskterms,kdoknotkapplyktokthose sectionskwhenkyoukdistributekthemkaskseparatekwor s.kkButkwhenkyou distributektheksameksectionskaskpartkofkakwholekwhichkiskakwor kbased onkthekProgram,kthekdistributionkofkthekwholekmustkbekonkthektermskof thiskLicense,kwhosekpermissionskforkotherklicenseeskextendktokthe entirekwhole,kandkthusktokeachkandkeverykpartkregardlesskofkwhokwrotekit. Thus,kitkisknotkthekintentkofkthisksectionktokclaimkrightskorkcontest yourkrightsktokwor kwrittenkentirelykbykyou;krather,kthekintentkiskto exercisekthekrightktokcontrolkthekdistributionkofkderivativekor collectivekwor skbasedkonkthekProgram. Inkaddition,kmerekaggregationkofkanotherkwor knotkbasedkonkthekProgram withkthekProgramk(orkwithkakwor kbasedkonkthekProgram)konkakvolumekof akstoragekorkdistributionkmediumkdoesknotkbringkthekotherkwor kunder thekscopekofkthiskLicense. kk3.kYoukmaykcopykandkdistributekthekProgramk(orkakwor kbasedkonkit, underkSectionk2)kinkobjectkcodekorkexecutablekformkunderkthektermskof Sectionsk1kandk2kabovekprovidedkthatkyoukalsokdokonekofkthekfollowing: kkkka)kAccompanykitkwithkthekcompletekcorrespondingkmachine-readable kkkksourcekcode,kwhichkmustkbekdistributedkunderkthektermskofkSections kkkk1kandk2kabovekonkakmediumkcustomarilykusedkforksoftwarekinterchange;kor, kkkkb)kAccompanykitkwithkakwrittenkoffer,kvalidkforkatkleastkthree kkkkyears,ktokgivekanykthirdkparty,kforkakchargeknokmorekthankyour kkkkcostkofkphysicallykperformingksourcekdistribution,kakcomplete kkkkmachine-readablekcopykofkthekcorrespondingksourcekcode,ktokbe kkkkdistributedkunderkthektermskofkSectionsk1kandk2kabovekonkakmedium kkkkcustomarilykusedkforksoftwarekinterchange;kor, kkkkc)kAccompanykitkwithkthekinformationkyoukreceivedkasktokthekoffer kkkktokdistributekcorrespondingksourcekcode.kk(Thiskalternativekis kkkkallowedkonlykforknoncommercialkdistributionkandkonlykifkyou kkkkreceivedkthekprogramkinkobjectkcodekorkexecutablekformkwithksuch kkkkankoffer,kinkaccordkwithkSubsectionkbkabove.) Theksourcekcodekforkakwor kmeanskthekpreferredkformkofkthekwor kfor ma ingkmodificationsktokit.kkForkankexecutablekwor ,kcompleteksource codekmeanskallktheksourcekcodekforkallkmoduleskitkcontains,kpluskany associatedkinterfacekdefinitionkfiles,kpluskthekscriptskusedkto controlkcompilationkandkinstallationkofkthekexecutable.kkHowever,kaska specialkexception,ktheksourcekcodekdistributedkneedknotkinclude anythingkthatkisknormallykdistributedk(inkeitherksourcekorkbinary form)kwithkthekmajorkcomponentsk(compiler,k ernel,kandksokon)kofkthe operatingksystemkonkwhichkthekexecutablekruns,kunlesskthatkcomponent itselfkaccompanieskthekexecutable. Ifkdistributionkofkexecutablekorkobjectkcodekiskmadekbykoffering accessktokcopykfromkakdesignatedkplace,kthenkofferingkequivalent accessktokcopyktheksourcekcodekfromktheksamekplacekcountskas distributionkofktheksourcekcode,kevenkthoughkthirdkpartieskareknot compelledktokcopyktheksourcekalongkwithkthekobjectkcode.

kk4.kYoukmayknotkcopy,kmodify,ksublicense,korkdistributekthekProgram exceptkaskexpresslykprovidedkunderkthiskLicense.kkAnykattempt otherwisektokcopy,kmodify,ksublicensekorkdistributekthekProgramkis void,kandkwillkautomaticallykterminatekyourkrightskunderkthiskLicense. However,kpartieskwhokhavekreceivedkcopies,korkrights,kfromkyoukunder thiskLicensekwillknotkhavektheirklicenseskterminatedksoklongkasksuch partieskremainkinkfullkcompliance. kk5.kYoukareknotkrequiredktokacceptkthiskLicense,ksincekyoukhaveknot signedkit.kkHowever,knothingkelsekgrantskyoukpermissionktokmodifykor distributekthekProgramkorkitskderivativekwor s.kkThesekactionskare prohibitedkbyklawkifkyoukdoknotkacceptkthiskLicense.kkTherefore,kby modifyingkorkdistributingkthekProgramk(orkanykwor kbasedkonkthe Program),kyoukindicatekyourkacceptancekofkthiskLicensektokdokso,kand allkitsktermskandkconditionskforkcopying,kdistributingkorkmodifying thekProgramkorkwor skbasedkonkit. kk6.kEachktimekyoukredistributekthekProgramk(orkanykwor kbasedkonkthe Program),kthekrecipientkautomaticallykreceiveskaklicensekfromkthe originalklicensorktokcopy,kdistributekorkmodifykthekProgramksubjectkto thesektermskandkconditions.kkYoukmayknotkimposekanykfurther restrictionskonkthekrecipients'kexercisekofkthekrightskgrantedkherein. Youkareknotkresponsiblekforkenforcingkcompliancekbykthirdkpartieskto thiskLicense. kk7.kIf,kaskakconsequencekofkakcourtkjudgmentkorkallegationkofkpatent infringementkorkforkanykotherkreasonk(notklimitedktokpatentkissues), conditionskarekimposedkonkyouk(whetherkbykcourtkorder,kagreementkor otherwise)kthatkcontradictkthekconditionskofkthiskLicense,ktheykdoknot excusekyoukfromkthekconditionskofkthiskLicense.kkIfkyoukcannot distributeksokasktoksatisfyksimultaneouslykyourkobligationskunderkthis Licensekandkanykotherkpertinentkobligations,kthenkaskakconsequencekyou mayknotkdistributekthekProgramkatkall.kkForkexample,kifkakpatent licensekwouldknotkpermitkroyalty-freekredistributionkofkthekProgramkby allkthosekwhokreceivekcopieskdirectlykorkindirectlykthroughkyou,kthen thekonlykwaykyoukcouldksatisfykbothkitkandkthiskLicensekwouldkbekto refrainkentirelykfromkdistributionkofkthekProgram. Ifkanykportionkofkthisksectionkiskheldkinvalidkorkunenforceablekunder anykparticularkcircumstance,kthekbalancekofktheksectionkiskintendedkto applykandktheksectionkaskakwholekiskintendedktokapplykinkother circumstances. Itkisknotkthekpurposekofkthisksectionktokinducekyouktokinfringekany patentskorkotherkpropertykrightkclaimskorktokcontestkvaliditykofkany suchkclaims;kthisksectionkhasktheksolekpurposekofkprotectingkthe integritykofkthekfreeksoftwarekdistributionksystem,kwhichkis implementedkbykpublicklicensekpractices.kkManykpeoplekhavekmade generouskcontributionsktokthekwidekrangekofksoftwarekdistributed throughkthatksystemkinkreliancekonkconsistentkapplicationkofkthat system;kitkiskupktokthekauthor/donorktokdecidekifkhekorkshekiskwilling tokdistributeksoftwarekthroughkanykotherksystemkandkaklicenseekcannot imposekthatkchoice. Thisksectionkiskintendedktokma ekthoroughlykclearkwhatkiskbelievedkto bekakconsequencekofkthekrestkofkthiskLicense.

kk8.kIfkthekdistributionkand/orkusekofkthekProgramkiskrestrictedkin certainkcountrieskeitherkbykpatentskorkbykcopyrightedkinterfaces,kthe originalkcopyrightkholderkwhokplaceskthekProgramkunderkthiskLicense maykaddkankexplicitkgeographicalkdistributionklimitationkexcluding thosekcountries,ksokthatkdistributionkiskpermittedkonlykinkorkamong countriesknotkthuskexcluded.kkInksuchkcase,kthiskLicensekincorporates theklimitationkaskifkwrittenkinkthekbodykofkthiskLicense. kk9.kThekFreekSoftwarekFoundationkmaykpublishkrevisedkand/orknewkversions ofkthekGeneralkPublickLicensekfromktimektoktime.kkSuchknewkversionskwill beksimilarkinkspiritktokthekpresentkversion,kbutkmaykdifferkinkdetailkto addressknewkproblemskorkconcerns. Eachkversionkiskgivenkakdistinguishingkversionknumber.kkIfkthekProgram specifieskakversionknumberkofkthiskLicensekwhichkappliesktokitkandk"any laterkversion",kyoukhavekthekoptionkofkfollowingkthektermskandkconditions eitherkofkthatkversionkorkofkanyklaterkversionkpublishedkbykthekFree SoftwarekFoundation.kkIfkthekProgramkdoesknotkspecifykakversionknumberkof thiskLicense,kyoukmaykchoosekanykversionkeverkpublishedkbykthekFreekSoftware Foundation. kk10.kIfkyoukwishktokincorporatekpartskofkthekProgramkintokotherkfree programskwhosekdistributionkconditionskarekdifferent,kwritektokthekauthor tokas kforkpermission.kkForksoftwarekwhichkiskcopyrightedkbykthekFree SoftwarekFoundation,kwritektokthekFreekSoftwarekFoundation;kweksometimes ma ekexceptionskforkthis.kkOurkdecisionkwillkbekguidedkbykthektwokgoals ofkpreservingkthekfreekstatuskofkallkderivativeskofkourkfreeksoftwarekand ofkpromotingktheksharingkandkreusekofksoftwarekgenerally.

kk11.kBECAUSEkTHEkPROGRAMkISkLICENSEDkFREEkOFkCHARGE,kTHEREkISkNOkWARRANTY FORkTHEkPROGRAM,kTOkTHEkEXTENTkPERMITTEDkBYkAPPLICABLEkLAW.kkEXCEPTkWHEN OTHERWISEkSTATEDkINkWRITINGkTHEkCOPYRIGHTkHOLDERSkAND/ORkOTHERkPARTIES PROVIDEkTHEkPROGRAMk"ASkIS"kWITHOUTkWARRANTYkOFkANYkKIND,kEITHERkEXPRESSED ORkIMPLIED,kINCLUDING,kBUTkNOTkLIMITEDkTO,kTHEkIMPLIEDkWARRANTIESkOF MERCHANTABILITYkANDkFITNESSkFORkAkPARTICULARkPURPOSE.kkTHEkENTIREkRISKkAS TOkTHEkQUALITYkANDkPERFORMANCEkOFkTHEkPROGRAMkISkWITHkYOU.kkSHOULDkTHE PROGRAMkPROVEkDEFECTIVE,kYOUkASSUMEkTHEkCOSTkOFkALLkNECESSARYkSERVICING, REPAIRkORkCORRECTION. kk12.kINkNOkEVENTkUNLESSkREQUIREDkBYkAPPLICABLEkLAWkORkAGREEDkTOkINkWRITING WILLkANYkCOPYRIGHTkHOLDER,kORkANYkOTHERkPARTYkWHOkMAYkMODIFYkAND/OR REDISTRIBUTEkTHEkPROGRAMkASkPERMITTEDkABOVE,kBEkLIABLEkTOkYOUkFORkDAMAGES, INCLUDINGkANYkGENERAL,kSPECIAL,kINCIDENTALkORkCONSEQUENTIALkDAMAGESkARISING OUTkOFkTHEkUSEkORkINABILITYkTOkUSEkTHEkPROGRAMk(INCLUDINGkBUTkNOTkLIMITED TOkLOSSkOFkDATAkORkDATAkBEINGkRENDEREDkINACCURATEkORkLOSSESkSUSTAINEDkBY YOUkORkTHIRDkPARTIESkORkAkFAILUREkOFkTHEkPROGRAMkTOkOPERATEkWITHkANYkOTHER PROGRAMS),kEVENkIFkSUCHkHOLDERkORkOTHERkPARTYkHASkBEENkADVISEDkOFkTHE POSSIBILITYkOFkSUCHkDAMAGES. kkkkkENDkOFkTERMSkANDkCONDITIONS

kkkkNOkWARRANTY

kkkkHowktokApplykThesekTermsktokYourkNewkPrograms kkIfkyoukdevelopkaknewkprogram,kandkyoukwantkitktokbekofkthekgreatest possiblekusektokthekpublic,kthekbestkwayktokachievekthiskisktokma ekit freeksoftwarekwhichkeveryonekcankredistributekandkchangekunderkthesekterms. kkTokdokso,kattachkthekfollowingknoticesktokthekprogram.kkItkisksafest tokattachkthemktokthekstartkofkeachksourcekfilektokmostkeffectively conveykthekexclusionkofkwarranty;kandkeachkfilekshouldkhavekatkleast thek"copyright"klinekandkakpointerktokwherekthekfullknoticekiskfound. kkkk<oneklinektokgivekthekprogram'sknamekandkakbriefkideakofkwhatkitkdoes.> kkkkCopyrightk(C)k<year>kk<namekofkauthor> kkkkThiskprogramkiskfreeksoftware;kyoukcankredistributekitkand/orkmodify kkkkitkunderkthektermskofkthekGNUkGeneralkPublickLicensekaskpublishedkby kkkkthekFreekSoftwarekFoundation;keitherkversionk2kofkthekLicense,kor kkkk(atkyourkoption)kanyklaterkversion. kkkkThiskprogramkiskdistributedkinkthekhopekthatkitkwillkbekuseful, kkkkbutkWITHOUTkANYkWARRANTY;kwithoutkevenkthekimpliedkwarrantykof kkkkMERCHANTABILITYkorkFITNESSkFORkAkPARTICULARkPURPOSE.kkSeekthe kkkkGNUkGeneralkPublickLicensekforkmorekdetails. kkkkYoukshouldkhavekreceivedkakcopykofkthekGNUkGeneralkPublickLicense kkkkalongkwithkthiskprogram;kifknot,kwritektokthekFreekSoftware kkkkFoundation,kInc.,k51kFran linkSt,kFifthkFloor,kBoston,kMAkk02110-1301kkUSA Alsokaddkinformationkonkhowktokcontactkyoukbykelectronickandkpaperkmail. Ifkthekprogramkiskinteractive,kma ekitkoutputkakshortknoticekli ekthis whenkitkstartskinkankinteractivekmode: kkkkGnomovisionkversionk69,kCopyrightk(C)kyearknamekofkauthor kkkkGnomovisionkcomeskwithkABSOLUTELYkNOkWARRANTY;kforkdetailsktypek`showkw'. kkkkThiskiskfreeksoftware,kandkyoukarekwelcomektokredistributekit kkkkunderkcertainkconditions;ktypek`showkc'kforkdetails. Thekhypotheticalkcommandsk`showkw'kandk`showkc'kshouldkshowkthekappropriate partskofkthekGeneralkPublickLicense.kkOfkcourse,kthekcommandskyoukusekmay bekcalledksomethingkotherkthank`showkw'kandk`showkc';ktheykcouldkevenkbe mouse-clic skorkmenukitems--whateverksuitskyourkprogram. Youkshouldkalsokgetkyourkemployerk(ifkyoukwor kaskakprogrammer)korkyour school,kifkany,ktoksignkak"copyrightkdisclaimer"kforkthekprogram,kif necessary.kkHerekiskaksample;kalterktheknames: kkYoyodyne,kInc.,kherebykdisclaimskallkcopyrightkinterestkinkthekprogram kk`Gnomovision'k(whichkma eskpasseskatkcompilers)kwrittenkbykJameskHac er. kk<signaturekofkTykCoon>,k1kAprilk1989 kkTykCoon,kPresidentkofkVice ThiskGeneralkPublickLicensekdoesknotkpermitkincorporatingkyourkprogramkinto proprietarykprograms.kkIfkyourkprogramkiskaksubroutineklibrary,kyoukmay considerkitkmorekusefulktokpermitklin ingkproprietarykapplicationskwithkthe library.kkIfkthiskiskwhatkyoukwantktokdo,kusekthekGNUkLibrarykGeneral PublickLicensekinsteadkofkthiskLicense.