SDH MULTIPLEXING BY

TX-I FACULTY ALTTC, GZB.

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BASIC PHILOSOPHY
MULTIPLEXING IS REQUIRED TO TRANSMIT SO MANY INFORMATION ON THE SAME PATH. SO IN CASE OF SDH MULTIPLEXING TIME REMAINS THE SAME IN WHICH WE CAN TRANSMIT THE INFORMATION OF SO MANY CHANNELS BY WAY OF INTERLEAVING METHOD.
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DEFINITION OF DIFFERENT TERMINOLOGY

STM- IT IS THE FINAL INFORMATION STRUCTURE WHICH IS TO BE SUPERIMPOSED OVER THE LASER FOR TRANSMISSION TO DISTANT END. IT IS THE SIGNAL WHICH IS AVAILABLE FOR TRANSMISSION WHEN ALL THE MUXING IS OVER.
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PATH
PATH INDICATES THE LANE THROUGH WHICH THE INPUT SIGNAL IS ALLOWED TO PASS TO REACH UP TO HIGHER ORDER PATH OR TO SOME OTHER HIGHER LEVEL

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SECTION
SECTION INDICATES THAT NOW DATA IS PROCESSED COMPLETELY AND IS AVAILABLE FOR MODULATION OVER THE LASER IN MOST OF THE CASES SOME OVERHEAD HOUSE KEEPING BITS ARE ALSO ADDED JUST BEFORE MODULATION
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CONTAINER
AS THE NAME SUGGESTS IT IS A BOX OF FIXED SIZE WITH VERY LITTLE ELASTICITY THIS BOX CAN TAKE VARIETY OF PDH INPUTS( MAX=2). CONTAINER IS THE FIRST ITEM IN THE CHAIN OF SDH MAPPING/MULTIPLEXING
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VIRTUAL CONTAINER
IT IS THE SECOND ITEM IN THE CHAIN OF MULTIPLEXING CONTAINER ADDED WITH SOME PATH OVERHEAD IS CALLED VIRTUAL CONTAINER CONTAINER CALLED PATH
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AND

VIRTUAL

CONTAINER

ARE

PATH LEVEL
IF WE ARE STARTING THE MUX CHAIN FROM 2MB OR 1.5MB LEVEL THEN WE ARE FOLLOWING THE LOWER ORDER PATH. IF WE ARE STARTING THE MUX CHAIN FROM 34 OR 140 MB LEVEL THEN ORDER PATH.
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WE ARE AT THE HIGHER

TU VC

PA TH
C

FIRST THREE STAGES OF MULTIPLEXING

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TRIBUTARY UNIT
TRIBUTARY UNIT IS AN AGENT THAT PROVIDES ADAPTATION OR HANDSHAKE BETWEEN HIGHER ORDER PATH AND LOWER ORDER PATH

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CONTAINER

VIRTUAL CONTAINER

TRIBUTARY UNIT POINTER

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ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT
ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT PROVIDES ADAPTATION OR HANDSHAKE LAYER BETWEEN FINAL FRAME LAYER(SECTION LAYER) AND HIGHER ORDER PATH

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POINTER
AS THE NAME INFERS, POINTER POINTS TO THE START OF THE FRAME WHEN COMPARED TO OMNIPRESENT SYCHRONOUS CLOCK VALUE OF THE POINTER INDICATES THE ACTUAL OFFSET

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SDH MAPPING
SDH MAPPING IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH INPUT DATA IS FILLED IN THE FIRST BOX ,THAT IS, CONTAINER. DATA MAY NOT BE OF THE IDEAL SIZE TO GET ADJUSTED IN THE BOX BUT VARIATIONS SHOULD NOT EXCEED THE ELASTIC LIMIT OF THE BOX

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SDH MULTIPLEXING
PROCESS OF ADAPTAION OF LOWER ORDER PATH IN TO HIGHER ORDER PATH IS CALLED MULTIPLEXING. PROCESS OF ADAPTAION OF HIGHER ORDER PATH IN TO SECTION LAYER IS ALSO CALLED

MULTIPLEXING.
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SDH ALIGNING
ALIGNING IN SDH IS CALLED THE ALIGNING OF THE LOCAL FRAME OF SDH WITH THE GLOBAL CLOCK FLOWING IN THE RING. ALIGNING TAKES PLACE AT THE ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT

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SDH RATES
STM-1 STM-4 = 155.520 MB/S = 622.080 MB/S STM-16 = 2488.32 MB/S STM-64 = 9953.28 MB/S

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SDH BIT RATE CALCULATION

NO OF ROWS IN FRAME: 9 NO OF COLUMNS: 270 NO OF BYTES IN FRAME: 270*9 NO OF BITS IN A FRAME: 270*9*8 FRAME DURATION: 125us NO OF BITS TRANSMITTED IN ONE SECOND: 270*9*8*1000000 -------------------------125 =155.520Mb/S
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FINAL SDH FRAME

OVERHEAD

1 RSOH
POINTER

270

3 4 9

PAY LOAD
MSOH

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MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs

140MB/S

C4

POH

C4

VC4

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MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs

POINTER

VC4

VC4

AU-4

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MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs

FLOATING PAYLOAD

VC4

AU-4
FIXED PAYLOAD

VC4
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AUG
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MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs

RSOH

MSOH

VC4

AUG

RSOH

=
MSOH
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VC4

STM-I
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MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

C3 34MB/S

+
C3
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POH
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VC3
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MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

VC3 + = TU3

POINTER

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MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

TU3 AFTER ALIGNMENT = TUG3

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MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

TUG3 TUG3 TUG3

VC-4
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MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

POINTER

VC4

VC4

AU-4

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MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

VC4

AU-4
FIXED PAYLOAD

VC4
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AUG
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MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

RSOH

MSOH

VC4

AUG

RSOH

=
MSOH
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VC4
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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

VC12 C1

2MB

PATH OVER HEAD

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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

POINTER

VC12

TU12

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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

TU12 TU12 TU12

TUG 2
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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

C12 VC12 POH POINTER

TU12 TU12

TU12

TU12

TU12

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TUG2

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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

1 2 3

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2

N P I

N P I

TUG3
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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

TUG3 TUG3 TUG3

VC-4
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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

POINTER

VC4

VC4

AU-4

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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

VC4

AU-4
FIXED PAYLOAD

VC4
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AUG
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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

RSOH

MSOH

VC4

AUG

RSOH

=
MSOH
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VC4

STM-I
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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

TUG3

TUG3

TUG3

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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

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MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

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PAYLOAD

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SDH-MAPPING
MAPPING IS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH PDH TRIBUTARY IS ALLOWED TO BE ADAPTED IN THE CONTAINER FOR THREE DIFFERENT TRIBUTARY THERE ARE THREE DIFFERENT CONTAINERS

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MAPPING OF 139.264Mb/S
THIS SIGNAL, E4 WILL GO TO C-4, C-4 HAS 9 ROWS AND 260 COLUMNS IN 125 MICROSECONDS ONE ROW IS BIFURCATED IN TO 20 BLOCKS OF 13 BYTES ONE BLOCK IS IN THE FORM OF ONE BYTE IN THE FORM OF W/X/Y/Z BYTE FOLLOWED BY 12 BYTES OF DATA

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G.709 MAPPING GRAPH

=DATA

=W =X =Y =Z

W =D1..D8, Y=R1..R8, X = CR1..R7, Z = D1..D6SR

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PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION

TOTAL NUMBER OF INFORMATION BITS IN ONE ROW = 1934 BITS JUSTIFICATION BITS = 5 OPPORTUNITYBITS = 1 STUFF B ITS = 140

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MAPPING OF E3 IN C3
C-3 IS 9 ROWS BY 84 COLUMNS IN 125 MICROSECONDS THIS PAYLOAD IS DIVIDED IN TO THREE SUBFRAMES EACH SUBFRAME IS DIVIDED IN THREE ROWS EACH ROW IS DIVIDED IN TO 16 BLOCKS OF 4 BYTES AND 4 BLOCKS OF 5 BYTES
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FIRST ROW
X Z X X X B X X X X Y X X A X X X X X X

R= ALL FIXED STUFF C= 6 FIXED STUFF BITS +2 CBITS Z=RC+24BITS A=RR + 24BITS B=RC +24BITS
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X = R+24BITS Y = RR+24BITS

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SECOND ROW
X Z X X X B X X X X Y X X A X X X X X X

R= ALL FIXED STUFF C= 6 FIXED STUFF BITS +2 CBITS Z=RC+24BITS A=RR + 24BITS B=RC +24BITS
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X = R+24BITS Y = RR+24BITS

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THIRD ROW
X Z X X X B1 X X X X Y X X A X X X X X X

a+b = 7 R BITS + 7 D BITS + 2 S BITS Z=RC+24BITS A=RR+ 24BITS B1=RR +a + b+8BITS

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X =R+24BITS Y = RR+24BITS

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PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION

TOTAL NUMBER OF DATA BITS IN SUBFRAME =1431 JUSTIFICATION BITS = 10 OPPORTUNITY BITS = 2 FIXED STUFF BITS = 573

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MAPPING OF E1 IN TO C12
C12 IS 136 BYTES IN 500 MICROSECOND IT IS ONLY IN THE CASE OF E1 THAT THE FRAMEDURATION IS FOUR FOLD ELSE IT IS 125 MICROSECOND TO MAKE THE THINGS CLEAR IT IS CALLED MULTIFRAME

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C12 CONFIGURATION

C1 C1 R8 32 BYTES R8 C2 32BYTES R8C2 R6 R6

C1 C2 S2 32BYTES R8 31BYTER8 R5 D7 S1

500 MICROSECONDS
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PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION

TOTAL NUMBER OF INFORMATION BITS =1023 JUSTIFICATION BITS=6 OPPORTUNITY BITS=2 FIXED STUFF BITS =57 IN 500 MICROSECONDS

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Thank you.

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