QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE BIOSENSOR FOR GLUCOSE QUANTIFICATION IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

ABSTRACT Glucose level is the primary diagnostic parameter for diabetes. Based on clinical standards, normal blood glucose is at the range of 3.1 to 6.1mM. Deviation from this range due to excessive sugar or diabetic pill intake would lead to serious health complications, implying the significance of monitoring practice as part of the preventive procedures. From this, Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) based biosensor has been developed for the quantification of glucose in blood and urine samples through the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) using Concanavalin A (from Canavalia

Ensiformis) cross-linked via glutaraldehyde. Glucose oxidase is a glycoenzyme that catalyzes the
oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. Glucose oxidase immobilization is carried out through the deposition of Concanavalin A on the thiolated gold electrode surface followed by the immobilization of the enzyme at room temperature and neutral pH. All protein interactions are mediated by glutraldehyde where ethanolamine is used to terminate its cross linking activity. Measurement procedure is done by pumping the analyte with PBS buffer into the system. Empirically, a linear response is exhibited by the bio-affinity of the substrate with its enzyme and the frequency shift reading in accordance to the Sauerbeyer Equation. To ensure high efficiency of the fabricated biosensor, optimum parameters are obtained which are expected to be at pH 6.2 in 37C using 200M glucose oxidase incubated for 90 minutes. Biosensor response to blood and urine matrices is evaluated. Insignificant frequency change must be observed for (delete of) of Na+, K+, galactose, cysteine, tyrosine, ascorbic acid, urea and creatine THEREBY(or any other term) suggesting its high specificity for glucose. Repeatable results must be obtained using the QCM biosensor with average %CV that ranges from 5-10 for the three concentrations of glucose standards under the optimum conditions. A linear response between frequency shift and glucose concentration must be explicitly generated using 0.1-5M. The calculated LOD and LOQ must project high sensitivity of the sensor with atleast________values respectively. Percent recoveries for seven concentrations of glucose standards are anticipated to be in the range of 90-98%. The biosensor must possibly be regenerated using 250mM ionic salt buffer.