COnorele pressure

COnorele pressure
On verl|oO| |OrnwOrk

COnorele pressure
COnorele pressure On verl|oO| |OrnwOrk
Requ|renenls |Or OoourOoy lOO|e
Concrclc raw dcnslly = 26 khjm
8
Concrclc scl aílcr 6 hours al lhc lalcsl
Comµacllon wllh lnlcrnal vlbralors
!lqhl µlywood
Pour ralc max. 7 mjh = vcrllcal rlsc oí concrclc µcr hour
De||n|l|Ons 8ynOO| 0n|l
Concrclc µrcssurc P
b
khjm2
Pour ralc v
b
mjh
hydroslallc µrcssurc h
s
m
vlbrallon dcµlh h
r
m
½crr|uu:r, LrJirçrr, Lrr:I Sp0I|, LrJirçrr
h
s
6
v
b
P
b
!ablcs lo csllmalc lhc concrclc µrcs-
surcs bascd on lhc concrclc lcmµc-
ralurc and ralc oí µlaccmcnl as µcr
0lh 18218 (lssuc 0j80}

COnorele pressure
8l||| oOnorele, K8 CKIì
P
b
P
b
P
b
P
b
P
b
v
b
26 °C h
s
20 °C h
s
16 °C h
s
10 °C h
s
6 °C h
s
0,6 1ß,6 0,ßß 20,0 0,80 28,6 0,04 27,0 1,08 80,ß 1,22
1,0 18,2 0,78 22,1 0,88 2ß,0 1,04 20,0 1,10 88,8 1,86
1,6 10,0 0,70 24,2 0,0ß 28,6 1,14 82,8 1,81 87,1 1,48
2,0 21,7 0,8ß 2ß,4 1,06 81,0 1,24 86,7 1,48 40,8 1,ß1
2,6 28,6 0,08 28,6 1,14 88,6 1,84 88,6 1,64 48,ß 1,74
8,0 26,2 1,00 80,ß 1,22 8ß,0 1,44 41,4 1,ß6 4ß,8 1,87
8,6 27,0 1,07 82,8 1,80 88,6 1,64 44,8 1,77 60,1 2,00
4,0 28,7 1,14 84,0 1,80 41,0 1,ß4 47,2 1,88 68,8 2,18
4,6 80,6 1,21 87,0 1,47 48,6 1,74 60,1 2,00 6ß,ß 2,2ß
6,0 82,2 1,28 80,1 1,6ß 4ß,0 1,84 62,0 2,11 60,8 2,80
6,6 84,0 1,86 41,2 1,ß4 48,6 1,04 66,8 2,28 ß8,1 2,62
ß,0 86,7 1,48 48,4 1,78 61,0 2,04 68,7 2,84 ßß,8 2,ß6
ß,6 87,6 1,40 46,6 1,81 68,6 2,14 ß1,ß 2,4ß ß0,ß 2,78
7,0 80,2 1,6ß 47,ß 1,00 6ß,0 2,24 ß4,4 2,67 72,8 2,01
P|Osl|o oOnorele, KP CK2ì
P
b
P
b
P
b
P
b
P
b
v
b
26 °C h
s
20 °C h
s
16 °C h
s
10 °C h
s
6 °C h
s
0,6 1ß,8 0,ß7 20,4 0,82 24,0 0,0ß 27,ß 1,10 81,2 1,26
1,0 20,8 0,81 24,7 0,00 20,0 1,1ß 88,4 1,88 87,7 1,61
1,6 28,8 0,06 28,0 1,1ß 84,0 1,8ß 80,1 1,6ß 44,2 1,77
2,0 27,8 1,00 88,2 1,88 80,0 1,6ß 44,0 1,70 60,7 2,08
2,6 80,8 1,28 87,4 1,60 44,0 1,7ß 60,ß 2,02 67,2 2,20
8,0 84,8 1,87 41,7 1,ß7 40,0 1,0ß 6ß,4 2,26 ß8,7 2,66
8,6 87,8 1,61 46,0 1,84 64,0 2,1ß ß2,1 2,48 70,2 2,81
4,0 41,8 1,ß6 60,2 2,01 60,0 2,8ß ß7,0 2,71 7ß,7 8,07
4,6 44,8 1,70 64,4 2,18 ß4,0 2,6ß 78,ß 2,04 88,2 8,88
6,0 48,8 1,08 68,7 2,87 ß0,0 2,7ß 70,4 8,20 80,7 8,60
6,6 61,8 2,07 ß2,0 2,62 74,0 2,0ß 86,1 8,40 0ß,2 8,86
ß,0 66,8 2,21 ß7,2 2,ß0 70,0 8,1ß 00,0 8,ß8 102,7 4,11
ß,6 68,8 2,86 71,4 2,8ß 84,0 8,8ß 0ß,ß 8,8ß 100,2 4,87
7,0 ß2,8 2,40 76,7 8,08 80,0 8,6ß 102,4 4,00 116,7 4,ß8
8O|l oOnorele, KR CK3ì
P
b
P
b
P
b
P
b
P
b
v
b
26 °C h
s
20 °C h
s
16 °C h
s
10 °C h
s
6 °C h
s
0,6 17,6 0,70 21,8 0,86 26,0 1,00 28,8 1,16 82,6 1,80
1,0 22,4 0,80 27,2 1,00 82,0 1,28 8ß,8 1,47 41,ß 1,ßß
1,6 27,8 1,00 88,2 1,88 80,0 1,6ß 44,0 1,70 60,7 2,08
2,0 82,2 1,28 80,1 1,67 4ß,0 1,84 62,0 2,12 60,8 2,80
2,6 87,1 1,48 46,0 1,80 68,0 2,12 ß1,0 2,44 ß8,0 2,7ß
8,0 42,0 1,ß8 61,0 2,04 ß0,0 2,40 ß0,0 2,7ß 78,0 8,12
8,6 4ß,0 1,87 67,0 2,2ß ß7,0 2,ß8 77,1 8,08 87,1 8,48
4,0 61,8 2,07 ß2,0 2,62 74,0 2,0ß 86,1 8,40 0ß,2 8,86
4,6 6ß,7 2,2ß ß8,0 2,7ß 81,0 8,24 08,2 8,78 106,8 4,21
6,0 ß1,ß 2,4ß 74,8 2,00 88,0 8,62 101,2 4,04 114,4 4,67
6,6 ßß,6 2,ßß 80,8 8,28 06,0 8,80 100,8 4,87 128,6 4,04
ß,0 71,4 2,86 8ß,7 8,4ß 102,0 4,08 117,8 4,ß0 182,ß 6,80
ß,6 7ß,8 8,06 02,7 8,70 100,0 4,8ß 126,8 6,01 141,7 6,ßß
7,0 81,2 8,24 08,ß 8,04 11ß,0 4,ß4 188,4 6,88 160,8 ß,08
||Ow|nQ oOnorele, K| C||Ow oOnoreleì
P
b
P
b
P
b
P
b
P
b
v
b
26 °C h
s
20 °C h
s
16 °C h
s
10 °C h
s
6 °C h
s
0,6 17,0 0,72 21,7 0,88 26,6 1,04 20,4 1,10 88,2 1,86
1,0 28,8 0,06 28,0 1,1ß 84,0 1,87 80,1 1,67 44,2 1,78
1,6 20,8 1,10 8ß,2 1,44 42,6 1,70 48,0 1,06 66,8 2,21
2,0 86,7 1,42 48,4 1,72 61,0 2,08 68,7 2,88 ßß,8 2,ß8
2,6 41,7 1,ß6 60,ß 2,00 60,6 2,8ß ß8,6 2,71 77,4 8,0ß
8,0 47,ß 1,88 67,8 2,28 ß8,0 2,ß0 78,2 8,00 88,4 8,40
8,6 68,ß 2,11 ß6,1 2,6ß 7ß,6 8,02 88,0 8,47 00,6 8,02
4,0 60,ß 2,84 72,8 2,84 86,0 8,86 07,8 8,86 110,6 4,86
4,6 ß6,6 2,67 70,6 8,12 08,6 8,ß8 107,ß 4,28 121,ß 4,78
6,0 71,4 2,80 8ß,7 8,40 102,0 4,01 117,8 4,ß1 182,ß 6,21
6,6 77,4 8,08 08,0 8,ß8 110,6 4,84 127,1 4,00 148,7 6,ß4
ß,0 88,8 8,2ß 101,2 8,0ß 110,0 4,ß7 18ß,0 6,87 164,7 ß,07
ß,6 80,8 8,60 108,4 4,26 127,6 6,00 14ß,7 6,76 1ß6,8 ß,60
7,0 06,2 8,78 116,ß 4,68 18ß,0 6,88 16ß,4 ß,18 17ß,8 ß,08
COns|slenoy rOnQe |OolOr |Or sell|nQ relOrOer
6 hours 16 hours
KS 1,16 1,46
KP 1,26 1,80
KPjKl 1,40 2,16
COnvers|On |OolOr |Or Oev|Ol|nQ
oOnorele rOw Oens|ly
ROw Oens|ly |n kN/n
3
25 kN/n
3
!hc concrclc µrcssurc ls asccrlalncd
as µcr 0lh 18218 (0j80} by dlíícrcn-
llallnq bclwccn lhc varlous consls-
lcncy ranqcs. !hc µour ralc v
b
ls lnlc-
qralcd dlíícrcnlly ln lhc calculallon
k
!
= 146-8¯ !
100
Sllíí concrclc KS (K1}: µ
b
= 6¯ v
b
+ 21 Plasllc concrclc, KP (K2} µ
b
= 10¯ v
b
+ 10
Soíl concrclc, KP (K8}: µ
b
= 14¯ v
b
+ 18 llowlnq concrclc, Kl (ílow concrclc}: µ
b
= 17¯ v
b
+ 17
oí concrclc µrcssurc, dcµcndlnq on
conslslcncy. !hc lndlvldual íormulac
arc slalcd bclow and lhc rcsulllnq
valucs arc llslcd ln lablc íorm. !hc
lcmµcralurc oí lhc concrclc ls lnlc-
qralcd ln lhc calculallon oí concrclc
µrcssurc wllh lhc íaclor
!=lcmµcralurc ln dcqrccs ccnllqradc.

COnorele pressure
|Or wO||s
wc dlíícrcnllalc bclwccn ranqcs oí
µour ralc.
v
b
< 2,14 mjh:
!hc samc íormula ls uscd as íor columns
2,14 v
b
8 mjh:
v
b
> 8 mjh:
!hc concrclc µrcssurc llmll valucs íor
walls arc dcílncd as íollows:
µ
mln
= 28,74 khjm
2
µ
max
= 06,8 khjm
2
odcr 28,6 ¯ h
(whlchcvcr ls smallcr}
ln addlllon lo 0lh 18218, olhcr lnlcrnallonal mclhods usc dlíícrcnl µaramclcrs íor calculallnq lhc concrclc µrcs-
surc. !hc maln calculallon mclhods arc ícalurcd bclow loqclhcr wllh lhclr maln íaclors. !hc íaclors arc dcslqnalcd
on lhc basls oí 0lh 18218. hcrc ll only slalcs lhc calculallon mclhods íor slandard concrclc, sµcclal condlllons havc
lo bc obscrvcd íor concrclc wllh sµcclal µroµcrllcs.
I. C|R|A repOrl I08 C0n|leO K|nQOOnì
Concrclc µrcssurc ls calculalcd accordlnq lo lhc ClPlA rcµorl 108 as íollows:
µ
b
=
b
x (k
1
x v
b
+ k
2
x k
!
x h-k
1
x v
b
}
µ
b
=
b
x h
whlchcvcr ls smallcr.
!hls calculallon ls bascd on lhc íollowlnq µaramclcrs:
b
raw dcnslly oí lhc concrclc }khjm
8
¦
v
b
µour ralc oí lhc concrclc }mjh¦
h µour hclqhl }m¦
k
1
cross sccllon cocíílclcnl k
1
= 1,0 íor walls
1,6 íor columns
(lí bolh cdqc lcnqlhs arc smallcr
lhan 2,0 m, lhc cross sccllons arc
dcslqnalcd lo as columns}
k
2
addlllvc cocíílclcnl k
2
= 0,80 íor normal concrclc
0,46 íor concrclc wllh
sclllnq rclardcr
k
!
lcmµcralurc cocíílclcnl k
!
= 8ß
!+1ß
wllh! concrclc lcmµcralurc }°C¦
or
2. AC| 34ZR C08Aì.
Accordlnq lo ACl lhc concrclc µrcs-
surc ls calculalcd accordlnq lo lhc
cross sccllon íorm, dlíícrcnllallnq
bclwccn ranqcs oí concrcllnq sµccd.
!hc calculallons lncludc:
lhc cross sccllon íorm
lhc µour ralc
lhc concrclc lcmµcralurc
and lhc µour hclqhl
!hc raw wclqhl oí lhc concrclc ls lakcn
lo bc 2400 kqjm
8
.
786¯v
b
17,78 + !
µ
b
= 7,10 +
|Or oO|unns
lhc concrclc µrcssurc ls lakcn lo bc:
!hc llmlls oí concrclc µrcssurc íor
columns arc dcílncd as íollows:
µ
mln
= 28,74 khjm
2
µ
max
= 148,7 khjm
2
odcr 28,6 ¯ h
(whlchcvcr ls smallcr}
1166
17,78 + !
244¯ v
b
17,78 + !
µ
b
= 7,10 + +
µ
b
= 28,6¯ h

||cI :i|u, SüJrrbrcrup,

Mcx Uir:r, 8üJr|:JurI
Srwcçr p|crI, |cr|:ru|r-0ur|cc|,
0yc|rr|uII ½iJrcrr AU, |cr|:ru|r

COnorele pressure
3. C|B-||B-CEB C|rOnoeì
!hls mclhod dlíícrcnllalcs bclwccn lhrcc lablc valucs whlch lnlcqralc lhc varlous crllcrla. !hc íollowlnq µaramclcrs
arc lnlcqralcd ln lhc lablc:
lhc µour hclqhl
lhc wall lhlckncss d }mm¦
lhc µour ralc oí lhc concrclc
lhc slumµ }mm¦ accordlnq lo slandard P 18-806
lhc concrclc lcmµcralurc
!hc wclqhl oí lhc concrclc ls lakcn lo bc 2400 kqjm
8
.
!hc íollowlnq lablcs can bc uscd lo rcad lhc valucs oí lhc concrclc µrcssurc:
1hc smaIIcst of thc 8 vaIucs is to bc takcn as concrctc prcssurc!
IOO|e I |Or OsoerlO|n|nQ PI ChyOrOslOl|o pressureì.
IOO|e 2 |Or OsoerlO|n|nQ P2 COroh e||eol O| lhe s||Qhl|y lh|okeneO oOnoreleì.
h }m¦ 1 2 8 4 6 >ß
P1 }khjm
2
¦ 26 60 76 100 126 160
1 2 8 4 6 ß 8 10 16 20 80 >=40
P2=86 86 40 46 46 60 66 ß0 76 00 120 160
40 40 46 60 60 66 ß0 ß6 80 06 126 160
60 60 66 ß0 ß0 ß6 70 76 00 106 186 160
ß0 ß0 ß6 70 70 76 80 86 100 116 146 160
70 70 76 80 80 86 00 06 110 126 160 160
v }mjh¦
d }mm¦
160
200
800
400
600
1 1,6 2 2,6 8 4 6 ß 7 >=8
6 P8=60 70 06 116 186 160 160 160 160 160
10 40 66 70 86 100 186 160 160 160 160
16 40 46 66 ß6 76 100 126 160 160 160
20 86 40 46 60 66 70 00 106 126 160
6 ß0 86 110 140 160 160 160 160 160 160
10 60 ß6 86 106 126 160 160 160 160 160
16 40 60 ß6 80 06 126 160 160 160 160
20 86 40 60 ß0 70 00 116 186 160 160
6 70 100 180 160 160 160 160 160 160 160
10 66 76 100 120 160 160 160 160 160 160
16 46 ß0 76 00 110 160 160 160 160 160
20 86 46 66 70 80 110 180 160 160 160
Concrclc
lcmµcralurc }°C¦
Slumµ
}mm¦
60
76
100
IOO|e 3 |Or OsoerlO|n|nQ P3 Csell|nQ O|| lhe oOnoreleì.
v }mjh¦

COnorele pressure
0cncral dala: normal concrclc, µla-
sllc conslslcncy (K2}, concrclc raw
dcnslly
b
= 26 khjm
8
unlcss olhcr-
wlsc slalcd.
146-8¯16
100
k
!
= = 1
µ
b
= 1¯(10¯8,0+10}
= 40,0 kNjm
2
k
1
= 1,0
k
2
= 0,8
1166
17,78 + 16
244¯ 8
17,78 + 16
µ
b
=7,10 + +
µ
b
= 26 x (1x 8 + 0,8 x 1,86 x 4-1 x 8}
= 58,5 kNjm
2
As per C|R|A-RepOrl I08.
As per AC| 34ZR.
= ß4,8 khjm
2
µ
mln
< ß4,8 khjm
2
< µ
max
p
b
= 64,8 kNjm
2
As per C|B-||B-CEB.
P1 = 100 khjm
2
P2 = 66 khjm
2
P8 = 06 khjm
2
whlchcvcr ls smallcr!
p
b
= 55 kNjm
2
As per D|N I82I8.
146-8¯16
100
k
!
= = 1
µ
b
= 1¯(10¯ß,0+10}
= 10,0 kNjm
2
k
1
= 1,6
k
2
= 0,8
8ß
16 + 1ß
768¯ß
17,78 + 16
µ
b
=7,10 +
k
!
= =1,86
µ
b
=26 x (1,6 x ß + 0,8 x 1,86 x 4-1,6 x ß}
= 01,8 kNjm
2
As per C|R|A-RepOrl I08.
As per AC| 34ZR.
= 160,0 khjm
2
µ
mln
<160,0khjm
2
> µ
max
=28,6¯ h
p
b
= 04,0 kNjm
2
As per C|B-||B-CEB.
P1 = 100 khjm
2
P2 = 86 khjm
2
P8 = 160 khjm
2
whlchcvcr ls smallcr!
p
b
= 85 kNjm
2
As per D|N I82I8.
!wo cxamµlcs arc uscd lo llluslralc
how lo calculalc lhc concrclc µrcs-
surc uslnq lhc dlíícrcnl mclhods.
ExOnp|e 2.
CoIumn formwork
Pour hclqhljwall hclqhl: h = 4 m
Pour ralc: v
b
= ß.0 mjh
Concrclc lcmµcralurc: ! = 16°C
Column cross sccllon: 0.6 x 0.6 m
ExOnp|e I.
WaII formwork
Pour hclqhljwall hclqhl: h = 4 m
Pour ralc: v
b
= 8,0 mjh
Concrclc lcmµcralurc: ! = 16°C
wall lhlckncss: d = 800 mm

8ß
16 + 1ß
k
!
= =1,86

Urcir bui|Jirç, Ru:Iuc|, Z80, Urrvr:rü||rr

Srwcçr p|crI, 8uIIrup, |u:Irr 8cu, Mr||r

COnorele pressure
!hc írcsh concrclc µrcssurc oí sclí-
comµacllnq concrclc (SCC} ls nol ycl
covcrcd ln 0lh 18218. Lxµcrlmcnls
havc lndlcalcd lhal lhc concrclc
µrcssurc whcn concrcllnq wllh SCC,
accordlnq lo concrcllnq condlllons,
may llc bclwccn lhc íull hydroslallc
µrcssurc and lhc µrcssurc qlvcn íor
"ílowlnq concrclc or ílow concrclc",
ln accordancc wllh 0lh 18218.
laclors lnílucnclnq lhc varlablcs oí
írcsh concrclc µrcssurc oí sclí-com-
µacllnq concrclc:
mclhod oí concrclc µlaccmcnl
- íllllnq írom abovc
- íllllnq írom bclow
concrclc rcclµc
lcmµcralurc
sµccd oí concrcllnq
whcrc lhc concrclc ls µlaccd írom
bclow (uslnq sµcclal clcmcnls wllh
µumµ connccllons}, lhc íull hydrosla-
llc µrcssurc musl always bc aµµllcd.
whcn lhc concrclc ls µlaccd írom
abovc, lhc concrclc µrcssurc dcµcnds
µrlmarlly on ralc oí íllllnq and can,
dcµcndcnl on lhc comblnallon oí
olhcr lnílucnllal íaclors, bc rcduccd
lo ß0-70% oí lhc hydroslallc µrcssu-
rc. Carc musl bc lakcn lhal íllllnq ls
carrlcd oul cvcnly.
Requ|renenls O| lhe
|OrnwOrk when 8CC |s useO.
Pcqulrcmcnls oí lhc íormwork whcn
SCC ls uscd:
Adcqualc dlmcnslonlnq oí lhc
íormwork:
- íormwork clcmcnls
- íormwork anchoraqcs
- sloµ cnds
- oµcnlnqs (íor uµllíl!}
!lqhlncss oí lhc íormwork |olnls and
uncvcnncss oí lhc qround < 2mm.
wllh PASCPAl "Alhlclc" íormwork
(concrclc µrcssurc rcslslancc 02 khjm
2
},
µrcssurc absorµllon ls quaranlccd ln
any cvcnl uµ lo a concrcllnq hclqhl
oí 4 m.
Al concrcllnq sµccds oí uµ lo 8mj-
hour, cxµcrlcncc has shown lhal lhc
íull hydroslallc µrcssurc docs nol dc-
vcloµ. ln lhcsc cascs, lhc concrclc
µrcssurc may bc asscsscd ln accor-
dancc wllh lhc íormulas qlvcn ln
0lh 18218 íor ílowlnq concrclc or
soíl concrclc. 0urlnq lhc ílrsl con-
crcllnq cyclcs, ll ls advlsablc lo makc
a chcck oí lhc concrclc µrcssurc ac-
lually bclnq lmµoscd, uslnq an an-
chorlnq íorcc qauqc.
|unOOnenlO| OOvOnlOQes
O| 8CC |n pre-OssenO|eO
oOnpOnenls.
ho nolsc µollullon causcd by
comµaclors
vcry qood íalr-íaccd concrclc
quallly (cvcn ln hcavlly-rclníorccd
bar-shaµcd µarls}. Suµµorls can bc
concrclcd uµrlqhl lnslcad oí lylnq
down.
Morc slcndcr slruclurcs arc
µosslblc ln connccllon wllh hlqh-
slrcnqlh concrclc.
Notc: lor hlqh-sµccd concrcllnq oí
suµµorls and shaíls ln an uµrlqhl
µoslllon, lhc íormwork musl bc dl-
mcnsloncd íor lhc íull hydroslallc
µrcssurc. PASCPAl oíícrs sµcclally-
dcslqncd slccl íormwork íor lhcsc
aµµllcallons.
S|urp Ir:I crJ curcrrIr crrcIiur ir I|r Iurrwur|
8e||-oOnpOol|nQ oOnorele