DIFERENCIAL MOMENTUM BALANCES AND VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN LAMINAR FLOW

Laminar and turbulent flow

DIFERENCIAL MOMENTUM BALANCES

Boundary conditions Solid-fluid interfaces: The fulid velocity equals the velocity with which the solid surface is moving. Liquid-gas interfacial plane: The stress-tensor components are taken to be zero. Liquid-liquid interfacial plane: Velocity components are continous through the interface as also the molecular stress-tensor components.

FLOW OF A FALLING FILM

Rate of z-momentum in across surface at z=0

Rate of z-momentum out across surface at Z=L

Rate of z-momentum in across surface at x Rate of z-momentum out across surface at x+x

Gravity force acting on fluid in the z direction

Rate of z-momentum in across annular surface at z= 0 Rate of z-momentum out across annular surface at z= L Rate of z-momentum in across cylindrical surface at r Rate of z-momentum out across cylindrical surface at r+r Gravity force acting in z direction on cilindrycal shell The following equation is the result organization of the previous terms : of the

Defining a modified pressure as where h is the distance in the direction opposed to gravity from some preselected reference plane

Applying the Newtons law:

FLOW THROUGH AN ANNULUS

Where: Integrating after replacing the Newtons law

Boundary conditions:

Force exerted by the fluid on the solid surfaces:

FLOW OF ADJACENT IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS

Boundary conditions:

Boundary conditions:

simultaneously solving the rate equations yields the velocity distribution in each fluid The force exerted by the fluids can be determined by analogy with Ohm's law: