ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The preparation of this Field Report is a result of the great assistance, views and ideas, consultation and

encouragement of many individuals. All in all first I would like to thank my Almighty God for giving me good health to do my practical Training and writing a report as well. I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deepest appreciation to great number of people who have in one or another way support me in preparation of this Field Report.. Although it would have been formidable exercise mentioning all of them, there are few that would not escape the Reports mind. For most my sincerely gratitude goes to my supervisor Mr. Sostheness Ruheza for his tireless and patient guidance, understanding, commitment and criticism during the preparation of this report. I like also to express my sincere gratitude to the management of Plan international for allowing me to undertake my field studies and their decision for granting me permission to use various documents in preparing this report. The staff of Plan international also deserves my special thanks, for their help, kindness and friendship extended to me during field work. Special thanks to Geita program unit manager Mr. Daniel Kalimbiya, and all departments including program department Mr. Maximillian S. Kitigwa, Mr. Paul Kabeya and Ms.Jovita Kahamba for their guidance and teaching me the day-to day activities and help me to participate fully in every program activities. I would not forget my Family and parents for their financial support, their love, guidance and kindness, motivation and moral support that I received from them during my training period. Finally I would like also to thank my friends and my fellow students who helped me in writing this report, is not possible to mention all of them but my special thanks go to 2011/2012 Third year student pursuing Bachelor of Arts in Community Development who supported me a lot.

DECLARATION I declare that the content of this paper are results of my own study and findings to the best of my knowledge, they had never been presented as field work report for any undergraduate student or other professional award in any institute of higher learning

Signed by:

. James Nyamwaga Date ..

COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this report may be transmitted, reprinted, reproduced or utilized in any form either in whole or part or by any electronic or other means without prior from the author and Tumaini University.

James@2011

ABSTRACT Field study based on community development program at Plan International Geita Program Unit. During the study the report examined the effectiveness of different department of Plan International such as Finance Department and Administration Department, Program Department, Sponsorship Department and ICT Department in accomplishing the goals of bringing about sustainable community development. The main and key area of the field study was in program department which comprise community development facilitators who deals with writing of different project proposals and implement those project and those project proposed by plan international are always community based project. This field report is presented in three chapters. Chapter one covers introduction which followed by historical background of Plan International, vision, mission, Plan country goal and Geita program unit operation in Geita district then organization structure of plan international Geita program unit. Then chapter two has got technical part which include description of the duties in the field, lesson learnt, opportunities and challenges then chapter three of the report is conclusion, recommendation and references.

TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...........................................................................................................1 DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................2 COPYRIGHT .............................................................................................................................3 ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................4 List of abbreviations and acronyms .............................................................................................6 CHAPTER ONE .........................................................................................................................7 1.0 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................7 1.1 Historical background ...........................................................................................................7 1.2 Vision ...................................................................................................................................7 1.3 Mission .................................................................................................................................7 1.4 Plan country Goal ..................................................................................................................8 1.5 Plan Geita program unit .........................................................................................................8 1.6 Organization structure ...........................................................................................................8 CHAPTER TWO ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.0 Technical part ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Description of the duties ...................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Lesson learnt ....................................................................................................................... 12 2.4 Opportunities....................................................................................................................... 12 2.5 Challenges ........................................................................................................................... 14 2.5.1 Challenges/Constraints in the community ......................................................................... 14 2.5.2 Challenges/constraints in an organization ......................................................................... 16 CHAPTER THREE................................................................................................................... 17 3.0 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Recommendation................................................................................................................. 17 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 18

List of abbreviations and acronyms ECCD CP CSP MDGs VSLA CBDA ICT C-CCD SIDO CBOs FBOs Early Childhood Care and Development Country Program Country Strategic Plan Millennium Development Goals Village Small Loans Associations community based distribution agents Information Communication Technology Child Centered Community Development Small Industry Development Organization Civil Based Organization Faith Based Organization

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction

1.1 Historical background Plan is one among the global organization works in more than 48 developing nation across Asia, Africa and the Americas it only works hand in hand with the community to ensure child rights respect peoples and dignify the dignity of the people that is why Plan is independent organization with no religion, political or governmental affiliations. As it is plan international organization is only focus on child rights and it use the child centered community development (C-CCD) approaches to reach the intended or targeted group (child) all over the world. In Tanzania Plan international located in Dar-es-salaam where there is country office and this office coordinate with different program unit located in Ifakara, Kibaha, Mwanza and Geita in order to accomplish the entire Plan international goal 1.2 Vision Plan's vision is of a world in which all children realize their full potential in societies that respect people's rights and dignity. 1.3 Mission Plan aims to achieve lasting improvements in the quality of life of deprived children in developing countries, through a process that unites people across cultures and adds meaning and value to their lives, by: Enabling deprived children, their families and their communities to meet their basic needs and to increase their ability to participate in and benefit from their societies Building relationships to increase understanding and unity among peoples of different cultures and countries Promoting the rights and interests of the world's children.
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1.4 Plan country Goal To empower, respect and responsible for children and youth 1.5 Plan Geita program unit Geita is now a region with 4 District, Geita, Bukombe, Chato and Nyanghawe. Plan international Tanzania works in four wards of Geita, Kalangalala, Kasamwa, Ihanamilo and Katoro with a total population of approximately 479,774 people. About 98% of the population in the program area is peasant farmers and livestock keepers who depend on subsistence agricultural production. The estimated annual per capita income in the area is US $ 100 there has been an increase of 14 wards and 29 villages in Geita district and subsequently making a total of 47 wards and 211 villages. According to the national population the housing census, the following is the currently district estimated population Male 449,206 Female 450,408 Total population 899,614

1.6 Organization structure The organization structure has got clear departmentalization with logical form of authority where by every department has got its own responsibility to fulfill that is why there is no any overlapping of duties from one department to another department and the following are the function departmentalization of plan Geita program unit: Program unit manager: the one who take a driver seat to control and manage all departments Program department: deals with Preparation and implementation all projects pertain to the program ICT department: deals with information management of computers and internet in the organization Finance and administrative department: deals with financial management system and administrative issues
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Sponsorship department: deals with information of children who are being sponsored by the organization In short all departments interlink to one another in order to accomplish the targeted goals of the organization

CHAPTER TWO 2.0 Technical part During my field internship I was effective worked in program departments and function in two among the five Plan country programs (CP) which guide the formulation of different community based projects and these country program are country program one and two like as follows; CP 01: safe environment for children and youth (Mazingira Salama kwa Vijana na Watoto) and the issues that addressed are like as follows: violence, lack of protection, child exploitation, harmful traditional practice, child neglect, children in disasters and birth registration. Objectives of the program To improve data availability, management, dissemination on violence against children and youth To improve protective environment for children and youth at national and local level To mainstream protection of children and youth in all programs and operation of plan

CP 02: country program 02: fair start in early childhood, care and development (ECCD) Objectives of the program To create awareness on the importance of ECCD and pre-primary education level To improve access of quality ECCD and pre-primary education To strengthen the capacity of local government, CSOs and community to manage ECCD and pre-primary education To strengthen responsibility of both parents (men and women) in caring and upbringing their children To enhance capacity development opportunities for ECCD care givers and pre-primary teachers To ensure continuation of education

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2.1 Description of the duties Desk review of plan international Tanzania country strategic plan of 2002 and 2010-2015 which include all duties, objectives and country programs of Plan international where by the organization used the country strategic plan to draw and set out different projects from country program (CP) for example is capacity building to ECCD project was generated from country program two (CP: 02) which is fair start in early childhood care and development. Desk review of different projects include those projects related to health, children, water projects and households economic security projects such as village small loans associations (VSLA) project . Field visits to different to different project areas and ECCD centers villages such as Bungwangoko and Buzanaki ECCD centre not only that but also we conducted field to both pre-primary, primary and secondary school such as Mkoba primary school and Ihanamilo primary school and the main task of visit those primary school and secondary school was to implement the project that related to education by distributing reading books in different primary schools which was aided by Plan International To conduct different trainings and facilitation of proposed projects a good example is the training of ECCD care givers at Kasamwa ward and the aim if the training is to pull up the mind of those ECCD care givers to recognize the importance ECCD centers and train them on how to handle different children who learn in ECCD centers To prepare weekly report and monthly report that include all activities which performed in the whole month and also preparation of case studies of different situation not only that but also the review of previous project reports. Filing of different copies of payment voucher form in finance department and also reviewing different payment voucher form between Plan and other organization for example the payment voucher form between small industries development organization (SIDO) and Plan International in implementing smokeless project by designing smokeless stoves.

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2.3 Lesson learnt Formulation of different project proposal by using program and project module which is the software used by plan to write project proposal outline form not only that but also to monitor and evaluate the project proposal especially those community based project. Also I learned about how to conduct facilitation and trainings in different communities a good example was the training that conducted at Kasamwa ward which aimed to train ECCD care givers and community base, distribution agents all of these training was facilitated by field interns and district facilitators. To generate critical action plan of different trainings and bill of quantity that can be projected in buying of different training and project facilities. To control and manage field work in different rural areas because most of the Plan activities during field study was based in field work visit. I learned about how to work in synergic way that is, team work function and I understand that nothing can happen in any organization if there is no team work function because the collaborative joint action and working system among plan staffs made the organization to fulfill the desired goals that is why people says nothing can be achieved in any organization without team work function Furthermore I learned how to cope with standard operating procedure of organization and how to work in an organization with the regard of the organization culture and get experience of working in any organization because every organization have got different culture so much that, in order to work effectively and efficiency someone must cope with the organization culture. 2.4 Opportunities Social capital, Plan international have got clear and high degree of social capital among the community that it operating its activities that is why most of their project and activities become successful in most of the community of Geita district. Furthermore social capital its most important aspect in everywhere because it brings about lining between one part and another and clear dissemination of information among the parts that is why there is no sustainable

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development in absence of social capital because social capital is the source of both human and economic development in all rounds of the society. Synergy, Also in this Plan International have got very good and quite joint work and cooperative actions with the community and other stakeholders to the manner that their programs and activities lasting up to now and most of their program projects runs because of the good participation and synergic system which they have with the community. Partnership, in this matter plan international partnering with both private and public partners including Geita district authority in generating different project and conducting trainings not only that but also community partnering with plan international in by involving them in

implementation of most plan projects all in all between plan, community and district authority build strong working relationship to the extent that plan implement its project quite and proper manner for example during the implementation of early childhood care and development project plan partnering with district education department in training ECCD care givers . Social services development, in this issue plan international provides and develops the existing social services by restructuring and building different social services and giving seminars to those who use social services such as water and education services for example the building of Ihanamilo girls dormitory which accommodate 100 students was built to uphold the issue of education development in rural areas in spite of this also plan international conduct different seminar which enhance provision of good health especial reproductive health including conducting of family planning trainings to the community base distribution agent (CBDA) Ensuring household economic security and development trainings, this also is one among opportunity provided by plan international to enhance household economic development and these was ignite by the formulation of village small loans associations (VSLA) which gives opportunities to the families to get loans and savings which boost up their economy which them a step ahead towards development and wipe out household poverty. A good example in Kasamwa ward 20% of the families have permanent membership in VSLA and their life to some is well off compared to the families which have no membership to VSLA

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Sponsorships, in this plan international sponsoring child who lives in most vulnerable condition and they sponsor them in terms of giving them education facilities and other things especially in health matters and friend for them in different countries such as UK and Germany who aided them. This make plan international to become the greater helper to those families which lives in poor conditions and Plan Geita Program Unit sponsored children. 2.5 Challenges 2.5.1 Challenges/Constraints in the community Lack of policy that support ECCD program, this is the problem in Tanzanian because most of plan international activities centered in development and lack of early childhood care and development cause most of Plan activities to lagged behind not only that but also the presence of development policies contribute in small extent to campaign the essence of child poverty and do not sensitize the real matters that affect ECCD program and this made ECCD centres to face the challenge of poor infrastructure used in learning and teaching process that leads to un-conducive and attractive environment for children to learn in Tanzania. The below picture portraits the true situation of children who study at ECCD centers has approximately enrolled more than 5000

Figure 1: children at ECCD center at Bung`wangoko village 14

Low level of speed in rural development, in terms of education, infrastructure and health and made most of plan activities to fail because government do not give any support to support even a little bit the rate of facilitating development in rural areas, that is why most of the communities are localities and they do not know what is going on in the real world of development, science and technology all of these is because of poor government system, structure and poor policy implementation. Domestication of Millennium Development Goals, in this most of rural communities even urban communities they do not know and are unaware of Millennium Development Goals to the extent that the rate of development in the rural area are very low and their participation in development matters is very poor also in this government do not take measure to train the communities about the processes which exist behind the MDGs and to what extent MDGs contribute to their own development and the formulation of different government and nongovernment programs existing in their communities. Child labor, still a big challenge in Geita district where by the presence small scale mines made children to employed in these mines as local miners and the people are reluctant with children who worked as local miner and the do know the real side effect that could happen in their health system and the matter of child labor is the outcome of the child poverty because of the presence of chronic and absolute poverty existing in their communities which forced themselves to employed as local miners. The table below shows child labor trend in Geita Situation of child Labor in Geita Age Non -Seasonal Employment 5 6 7 8 28 14 29 664 696 779 793 Seasonal Fulltime employment Seasonal Available Available not seeking jobs Seeking work 14 14 71 28 185 329 270 215

1,585. 1,574. 1,746. 1,504.

211 227 483 369

Table 1: the above table shows child labor situation trend in Geita district

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2.5.2 Challenges/constraints in an organization There are little or lack of knowledge to the community of what plan does to their community that is why in some of the projects there is pseudo participation of the community in implementing those projects. Another is the delay of information from community volunteers(CV) who assisting Plan to accomplish their tasks and this is applied when community volunteer do not work properly in collecting sponsorship latter and bring them to the office for further progress to the country office and this made misunderstanding between community volunteer, community development facilitator and sponsorship misunderstand. Also the change of program projects without disseminating information to the community about those changes thats why new projects become strange thing to the community and the community quest about the last one also this is still a challenge to the organization community at large. Bureaucratic procedures still a big problem in Plan International and this made most of field activities to delay because there is a lot of procedure to be followed when someone wants to go to the field and this makes most of trainings seminars participant to contend because they reach to seminar early while Plan staffs reaches very late so that in order to solve this problem the administration should look upon bureaucratic procedure which is very easy to be passed when someone wants to go to the field or any activities related to the field activities and office because the delay made these department to become

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CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Conclusion In short plan international is one among international organizations which support different communities in bringing about sustainable community development in all sphere of development including socio-economic sphere not only that but also to fight against child poverty, child violence and child abuse in collaboration with both government and communities. 3.1 Recommendations Poverty is the big problem in Tanzania and development is the matter of everyone in the community to ensure that poverty is non existence problem in Tanzania. Government Government should increase the rate of transferring development in rural areas and also facilitate the development programs operates in different areas through effective implementation of public policies to enhance sustainable rural development for both human development and economic development. Community Community should have active participation in all programs that boost up development in their respective areas and also community must have sound and reasonable measures to the local authority if the existing leadership in their community proved failure especially in the matter of bringing about their sustainable community development. Non-governmental organization(CBOs, CSOs and FBOs) Nothing can facilitate and increase the rate of development in todays Tanzania if all of these non-governmental organizations are not work and participate effectively in development activities because they are the eye and ears of donors in bringing about development in different communities. So much that non-governmental organizations should participate effectively in matters of development in all rounds of Tanzanians communities.

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REFERENCES Plan website: www.plan_intenational.org Plan Tanzania country strategic plan (CSP) (2002) Plan Tanzania country strategic plan (CSP) (2010-2015) The Tanzania National Plan of Action for Most Vulnerable Children (2006) Plan Child Protection Policy (2010). Tanzania Child Development Policy (1996). Rural Development Strategy Report (2001) Tanzania Community Development Policy (TCDP) (1996) Judith L.E & Mayer G.R (2000)., Early Childhood Counts (A programme Guide on Early childhood Care for Development), West company, USA:

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