MEC201 Mechanics of Solids

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Lecture 2

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Resultant of Forces
Law of Parallelogram of forces:

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Resultant of Forces
Triangle of forces of forces:

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Resolving a force

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Force as a Vector
F = Fx i + Fy j Fy F

F = Fx i + Fy j + Fz k
Fx

x
z

Fx Fy F= Fz
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Addition of Forces
F1 = Fx1 i + Fy1 j

F2

= Fx2 i + Fy2 j

R = F1 + F2

(F1x + F2x)i + (F1y + F2y) j

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Example

Rx F1x F2 x 0 F4 x Ry F1 y F2 y F3 y F4 y
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Turning Effect of a Force: Moments

F
d

The tuning effect of a force is measured by the moment Fd

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Moment/ Torque

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Moment is a Vector

F
r

M = r F Right-Hand Rule
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Example

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Determining Moments in 2D
Right Hand Rule:

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Equilibrium

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Equilibrium
System does not accelerate Consequence of first law

No net force.

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Is That Enough?

It will rotate till the two forces are in line.

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Equilibrium
For a particle: F = 0 For a rigid body: F = 0, M = 0

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Equilibrium
F = 0

Fx = 0; Fy = 0; Fz = 0 M = 0
Mx = 0; My = 0; Mz = 0

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Free-body Diagrams

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Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)

A free-body diagram of a structure or a part of the structure removed from its support. It shows all the (external) forces acting on that part of the structure. The supports are replaced by the forces that the supports apply on the structure.

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Free-Body Diagram (FBD)

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Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)...

Tension in the rope ??
T

T=W

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Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)...

250 N 250 N

300 N ? = 250 N

?N

250 N

300 N

F = 0

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Free-Body Diagrams (FBD)...

Tension ? T 250 N 250 N 300 N T = 800 N

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Lifting Pulley Block

TT T T

T = W/4 Mechanical Advantage

W
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