(Planning and Sizing Grid-Connected

Photovoltaic Systems)


1. Planning and Installing Photovoltaic
Systems A guide for installers,
architects and engineers ( second
edition ).
2. Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems
( Siemens AG 2011).
3. Application of string fuses
( Stringsicherungen_SMCUEN083420 ).
2


4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3 /
4.5.4
4.5.5
4.5.6
3

4.5.1
( Cable voltage ratings )

(PV systems)
(Standard cables)
(voltage ratings)
(Nominal voltage)450V
1000V
4

4.5.1
( Cable voltage ratings )
( Long
module strings )
( PV string or array )
10C ( Maximum
Open-Circuit Voltage )

4.5.2
( Cable current carrying capacity )
(Cable Cross
Section)
IEC 60512-3 (

3)

[]
6

4.5.2
( Cable current carrying capacity )
(Module cable)
(String cable)(Imax)
(ISC PV)
(one string)(ISC string)

Imax = ISC PV - ISC string

7

4.5.2
( Cable current carrying capacity )
(Current fuses )
(String fuses)

(Imax)

( Iz )
Imax Iz
8

4.5.2
( Cable current carrying capacity )

(Nominal current of the

string)
(Surge currents)
(String fuses)
9

4.5.2
( Cable current carrying capacity )
IEC 60364-7-712
(String cable) 1.25

(earth-fault proof)

10

4.5.2
( Cable current carrying capacity )
IEC 60512-3 (
)

11

4.5.2
( Cable current carrying capacity )
(Roof tiles )70C

70C

12

4.5.2
( Cable current carrying capacity )

(String fuses)
(Miniature circuit
breakers)

13

4.5.2
( Cable current carrying capacity )
(String cable)

(String fuses)(Trigger
current )(Iz Cable )

Iz Cable Ia string fuse

14

4.5.2
( Cable current carrying capacity )
(String fuses)

(String short-circuit current at STC)

Ia string fuse 2 ISTC string short-circuit

15

4.5.2
( Cable current carrying capacity )

1.25

Ia string fuse 1.25 IN string

16

(PV fuses)
(IEC 60269-6)

In =
If =
Inf =
Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

17

(PV fuses)
Inf = 1.13 In (
)
If = 1.45 In (
)

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

18

(PV fuses)
(IEC 60269-6)
10 kA

(Residual currents)

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

19


( Rated voltage of the fuse )

(Open-Circuit
Voltage VOC STC of a string)20 %
(- 25 C
)
Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

20


( Rated voltage of the fuse )
(IEC 60269-4)
900
V 1000 V

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

21


( Rated current of the fuse )
(PV fuse )

(ShortCircuit Current ISC)

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

22


( Rated current of the fuse )
(IEC 60269-6)

1.4

In 1.4 ISC string

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

23


( Rated current of the fuse )

(Residual currents)
(Double ground faults)

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

24


( Rated current of the fuse )

(Residual current in the forward

direction)

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

25

Stringsicherungen_SMC-UEN083420

26

 ( Residual current )
(ISC REVERSE )
(n)
(ISC MOD )

ISC REVERSE= (n-1) ISC MOD

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

27


(ISC MOD)
(Climate
zone dependent factor )
= 1.2 1.6

ISC MOD = ISC STC 1.2

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

28

(Reverse Current Resistance)

(PV fuses)

IMOD REVERSE > ISC REVERSE

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

29


1.35

2
= 1.35 IMOD REVERSE
=
Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

30


( Disconnect
currentlarge test current If)
1.45 1.45

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

31

1.35( Residual current )

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

32


In = ( Rated
Current of the PV fuse)

In IMOD REVERSE
Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

33

(n)
(ISC MOD )
Iz =
In = ISC MOD n In Iz
Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

34


(Group PV fuse)

(The sum of the short circuit

currents of the group)1.2

Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems ( Siemens AG 2011)

35

4.5.3 /
( Minimizing the cable losses/voltage drops )

1998VDE
0100-712

1
36

4.5.3 /
( Minimizing the cable losses/voltage drops )

1
(VMpp
> 120V)

37

4.5.3 /
( Minimizing the cable losses/voltage drops )

6mm2
1

38

4.5.3 /
( Minimizing the cable losses/voltage drops )

(The string
cables)1
(DC main cable)1
2

39

4.5.3 /
( Minimizing the cable losses/voltage drops )

50
(Nominal
Conditions)(
P = I2 R)

40

4.5.3 /
( Minimizing the cable losses/voltage drops )

2
(DC side)
(Annual yield)1

41

4.5.3 /
( Minimizing the cable losses/voltage drops )

( 2A/mm2 ~ 3/mm2 )

(Guide value)
(Rough estimations
and checked)
42

4.5.4
( Sizing the module and string cabling )

43

PLANNING AND SIZING GRIDCONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAI C SYSTEMS page 167

44

AM=

2 L M Pst
2

0 .0 1 V m p p k

2 L M I st
AM=
0 .0 1 Pst k

2 L M I st
AM=
0 .0 1 V m p p k

PLANNING
AND SIZING
GRIDCONNECTED
PHOTOVOLTA
I C SYSTEMS
page 168
45

PM =

2 n L M Pst
A

V m pp

2 n L M I st
PM =
AM k

46

PM =

2 Ist
k

L1 L 2 L3 L 4

......
A1 A 2 A 31 A 4

47

4.5.4
( Sizing the module and string cabling )
VMPP = 300V
Pst = 2100W

LM = 30m

Ist= 7A

Recommended
wiring lengths of
string cabling with
cable cross-section
A = 2.5mm2 up to
an MPP voltage of
300V
( R. Haselhuhn )

48

4.5.4
( Sizing the module and string cabling )

Recommended
wiring lengths of
string cabling with
cable cross-section
A = 2.5mm2 for
MPP voltages
above 300V
( R. Haselhuhn )

49

4.5.4
( Sizing the module and string cabling )

Recommended
wiring lengths of
string cabling with
cable cross-section
A = 4mm2 up to an
MPP voltage of
300V
( R. Haselhuhn )

50

4.5.4
( Sizing the module and string cabling )

Recommended
wiring lengths of
string cabling with
cable cross-section
A = 4mm2 for MPP
voltages above
300V
( R. Haselhuhn )

51

4.5.4
( Sizing the module and string cabling )

Recommended
wiring lengths of
string cabling with
cable cross-section
A = 6mm2 up to an
MPP voltage of
300V
( R. Haselhuhn )

52

4.5.4
( Sizing the module and string cabling )

Recommended
wiring lengths of
string cabling with
cable cross-section
A = 6mm2 for MPP
voltages
above 300V
( R. Haselhuhn )

53

4.5.5
( Sizing the DC main cable )
(PV subarrays )(DC bus
cables )

54

4.5.5
( Sizing the DC main cable )

IEC
60364-7-712

1.25
55

4.5.5
( Sizing the DC main cable )

(Accumulation
factors)

1
56

PLANNING AND SIZING GRIDCONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAI C SYSTEMS page 170

57

v = 1
2
2

A DC cable

2 L DC cable I n
=
v PPV PM k
58

PDC cable

2 L DC cable I n
=
A DC cable k

PDC cable =

2 L DC cable PPV

A DC cable VMPP k

59

4.5.6
( Sizing the AC connection cable )

(Nominal grid voltage)3

()

60

4.5.6
( Sizing the AC connection cable )

61

PLANNING AND SIZING GRIDCONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAI C SYSTEMS page 171

62

4.5.6
( Sizing the AC connection cable )
(Single-phase)

L AC cable
Vn
X=
=
A AC cable
In AC

A AC cable

1
=
k

2 L AC cable I n AC
=
COS
0.03 Vn k

63

4.5.6
( Sizing the AC connection cable )
(Symmetrical three-phase)

A AC cable =

3 L AC cable I n AC
COS
0.03 Vn k
64

4.5.6
( Sizing the AC connection cable )
5kW
6mm2

1.5mm26mm2
1.5mm2
4mm2
65

PAC cable = 2I n AC Vn COS

2
n AC

2 L AC cable I
=
A AC cable k

COS

66

PAC cable = 3 I n AC Vn COS

=

3 L AC cable I
A AC cable k

2
n AC

COS

67

13

E-mailhenzusu@ms57.hinet.net
68