Usually, an ecosystem is defined as a community of species that live together and interact often, along with their abiotic

environment, i.e. non-living parts of air, water and soil, rocks and minerals, dead organic matter, climate, fire, etc. The study of ecosystems is now deeply related to economic resources and their comprehension becomes an important field of research since the last century. P. Dansereau in says that An ecosystem is a limited space where resource recycling on one or several trophic levels is performed by a lot of evolving agents, using simultaneously and successively mutually compatible processes that generate long or short term usable product. An artificial ecosystem is an area that simulates a natural environment to sustain life or merely for recreation purposes. The termecosystem is essentially based on two themes: ecology and system. Ecology applies to the natural world with animal and plant life as the focus. Actually, the ecology of an area also involves the physical and social sectors. The term system adds the concepts of planned and unplanned requirements, natural processes, outputs, and environmental impacts. The scientific community routinely studies groups plan, engineer, and operate artificial ecosystems. Today, technology is often used to create safe, friendly habitats for people, animals, or plants. A greenhouse is a common example of modern technology at work as it can promote food production by providing a favorable environment during extremes in the plants growth cycle. The technology in this case is the structure itself and the controlled environment that leads to the maturation of the vegetation inside. In reality, technology has helped humans modify the natural landscape for centuries. For instance, roadways have been built over or through mountains, rivers created or moved in various locations, and forests leveled for housing additions. Farmers around the globe have irrigated dry regions to create productive agricultural areas. Each of these actions has impacted a local ecosystem.

Source : Seymour, Richard. 2003. Humans Inovating Technology Series. Reston : International Technology Education Asocoation Press. Lattaud, Claude. 2007. Co-Evolution in Artificial Ecosystems : Competition and Cooperation Using Allelopathy. Paris : Paris V University.