NCM 100-REVIEWER

NURSING THEORIES
THEORY IS A SET OF CONCEPTS AND PREPOSITIONS THAT PROVIDE AN ORDERLY WAY TO VIEW PHENOMENA AN ORGANIZED, COHERENT SET OF CONCEPTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS TO EACH OTHER IT IS OFTEN USED IN DAILY LIFE AND CONVERSATION

COMPONENTS OF NURSING THEORIES EXPLAINS HOW ELEMENTS ARE UNIQUELY RELATED IN THE PHENOMENA DEVELOPED AFTER EXTENSIVE RESEARCH TO ALLOW THE RESEARCHER TO SEE OR CLEAR PERSPECTIVE OF THE THEORY PROVIDE A FOUNDATION OF KNOWLEDGE FOR THE DIRECTION AND DELIVERY OF CARING NURSING

NURSING PARADIGM DIRECT THE ACTIVITY OF THE NURSING PROFESSION INCLUDING KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT PHILOSOPHY THEORY EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE RESEARCH PRACTICE AND LITERATURE IDENTIFIED WITH THE PROFESSION LINKAGES: PERSON HEALTH ENVIRONMENT NURSING

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
NURSING IS THE ART OF UTILIZING ONES ENVIRONMENT FOR HIS OR HER OWN RECOVERY FOUNDER OF MODERN NURSING OR MOTHER OF MODERN NURSING BORN: MAY 12, 1920 WILLIAM NIGHTINGALE OF EMBLY PARK, HAMPSHIRE ENGLAND SHE RECEIVED A THOROUGH EDUCATION INCLUDING GREEK, LATIN, HISTORY, MATHEMATICS AND PHILOSOPHY AGE OF 25 SHE TOLD HER PARENTS THAT SHE WANTS TO BECOME A NURSE 1851 FLORENCE FATHER GAVE HER PERSMISSION TO STUDY NURSING 31 Y/O ALWAYS INTERESTED IN RELEIVING SUFFERING AND CARING FOR THE SICK BECAME NURSE OVER THE OBJECTION OF FAMILY AND SOCIETY KAISSERWEITH,GERMANY

CRIMEAN WAR

NIGHTINGALES ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY -DEFINED NURSING AS THE ACT OF UTILIZING THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE PATIENT TO ASSIST HIM IN HIS RECOVERY 5 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: PURE AND FRESH AIR PURE AND CLEAN WATER EFFICIENT DRAINAGE CLEANLINESS LIGHT ESPECIALLY DIRECT SUNLIGHT

SOME CONCEPTS STILL USED TODAY SYSTEMATIC METHOD OF ASSISTING PATIENTS INDIVIDUALIZING CARE MAINTAINING CONFIDENTIALITY

NOBLE BELIEFS ALONG NURSING EDUCATION A HOLISTIC FRAMEWORK INCLUSIVE OF ILLNESS AND HEALTH THE NEED FOR A THEORETICAL BASIS OF NURSING PRACTICE A LIBERAL EDUCATION AS A FOUNDATION FOR NURSING PRACTICE THE IMPORTANCE OF CREATIVITY AND ENVIRONMENT THAT PROMOTES HEALING THE NEED FOR A BODY OF NURSING KNOWLEDGE DISTINCT FROM MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE

VIRGINIA HENDERSON
FOURTEEN BASIC HUMAN NEEDS I SAY THAT THE NURSE DOES FOR OTHERS WHAT THEY WOULD DO FOR THEMSELVES IF THE HAD THE STRENGTH, THE WILL AND THE KNOWLEDGE. DEPENTDENT FROM THE NURSE NOV 30 1897 IN KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI FIRST LADY OF NURSING US ARMY SCHOOL OF NURSING 1921 TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY BS 1931 MA 1934 JUNE 1986 CHRISTIANNE REINMMAN PRIZE DIED MARCH 19 1996 98 Y/O

DEFINITIONS: PATIENT: AN INDIVIDUAL WHO REQUIRES HELP TOWARD INDEPENDENCE NURSE: THE ONE WHO ASSISTS THE INDIVIDUAL WHETHER ILL OR NOT , ONE WHO SERVES TO MAKE THE PATIENT COMPLETE WHOLE AND INDEPENDENT NURSING ACCORDING TO HENDERSON: THE UNIQUE FUNCTION OF THE NURSE IS TO ASSIST PATIENT IN THE DAILY PERFORMANCE BELIEVED IN GETTING INSIDE THE SKIN TO KNOIW WHAT THE PATIENTS NEEDS

3 LEVELS OF NURSE-PATIENT RELATIONSHIPS IN WHICH THE NURSE ACTS 1. A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE PATIENT DOING FOR THE PATIENT (SUBSTITUTIVE) 2. A HELPER TO THE PATIENT HELPING THE PATIENT (SUPPLEMENTARY) 3. A PARTNER WITH THE PATIENT WORKING WITH THE PATIENT (COMPLEMENTARY) 14 BASIC HUMAN NEEDS (PATIENT CENTERED) BREATHING NORMALLY EATING AND DRINKING ADEQUATELY ELIMINATING BODY WASTES MOVIGN AND MAINTAINING A DESIRABLE POSITION SLEEPING AND RESTING SELECTING SUITABLE CLOTHES MAINTAINING BODY TEMP KEEPING THE BODY CLEAN AND WELL GROOMED AVOIDING DANGERS COMMUNICATING WITH OTHERS WORSHIPPING ACCDNG TO ONES FAITH WORKING IN SUCH A WAY THA ONE FEELS A SENSE OF ACCOMPLISHMENT PLAYING OR PARTICIPATING IN VARIOUS FORMS OF RECREATION LEARNING, DISCOVERING OR SATISFYING ONES CURIOSITY

DOROTHEA OREM
SELF CARE DEFICIT OF NURSING NURSING IS A HELPING PROFESSION OF ASSISTING PATIENTS OVERCOME OR COMPENSATE FOR THEIR HEALTH ASSOCIATED LIMITAITIONS AND ENGAGING IN ACTIONS TO REGULATE OWN FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT OR THAT OF THEIR DEPENDENT CONSTELLATION OF 3 INTERRELATED THEORIES: NURSING SYsTEMS SELF CARE SELF CARE DEFICIT

THE FOCUS OF OREMS MODEL IS TO ENHANE THE PERSONS ABILITY FOR SELF CARE AND EXTENDS TO THE CARE OF DEPENDENTS 3 SYSTEMS IN PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE MODEL 1. WHOLLY COMPENSATORY MECHANISM NURSE PROVIDES TOTAL CARE 2. PARTIALLY COMPENSATORY MECHANISM NURSE AND PATIENT SHOWS RESPONSIBILITY FOR CARE 3. EDUCATION-DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM CLIENT HAS PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY FOR PERSONAL HEALTH WITH NURSE ACTING AS A CONSULTANT SELF CARE REQUISITES ARE GROUPS OF NEEDS OR REQUIREMENTS THAT OREM IDENTIFIED, THEY ARE CLASSIIED AS: 1. UNIVERSAL SELF CARE REQUISITES THOSE NEEDS THAT ALL PEOPLE HAVE 2. DEVELOPMENTAL SELF CARE REQUISITES THOSE NEEDS THAT RELATE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIVIDUAL 3. HEALTH DEVIATION REQUISITES THOSE NEEDS THAT ARISE AS A RESULT OF A PATIENTS CONDITION NURSES ARE ENCOURAGED TO RATE THEIR PATIENTS DEPENDENCIES OR EACH OF THE SELF CARE DEFICITS ON THE FOLLOWING CARE: TOTAL COMPENSATION PARTIAL COMPENSATION EDUCATIVE/ SUPPORTIVE

LYDIA HALL
CARE, CORE, CURE DEVELOPED IN THE LATE 1960S 3 SEPARATE DOMAINS: BODY CARE ILLNESS CURE PERSON CORE

CORE REFES ON THE PERSON OR THE RECIPIENT OF CARE AND INCLUDES THE USE OF THERAPEUTIC SELF TO RELEASE WITH THE PATIENT CURE REFERS TO MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE PERFORMED ON THE PATIENT CARE IS THE EXCLUSIVE DOMAIN OF NURSING

CARE INDEPENDENTLY CURE DEPENDENTLY CORE INTERDEPENDENTLY

MADELEINE LEININGER
CULTURE CARE THEORY FOUNDER OF TRANSCULTURAL NURSING INITIATED THIS FIELD OF NURSING IN THE MID 1950S SUTTON, NEBRASKA

THE THEORY THE CULTURE CARE THEORY AND UNIVERSALITY THEORY ACCORDING TO DR. LEININGER, FOCUSES ON DESCRIBING, EXPLAINING AND PREDICTING NURSING SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCE FOCUSED PRIMARILY ON HUMAN CARE AND CARING IN HUMAN CULTURE THE CULTURE CARE DIVERSITY & UNIVERSITY THEORY DOES NOT FOCUS ON MEDICAL SYMPTOMS

CULTURAL CARE DIMENSION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. WORLDVIEW CARING LANGUAGE OF CARING PHILOSOPHICAL & RELIGIOUS FACTORS KINSHIP & SOCIAL FACTORS CULTURAL VALUES, BELIEF 7 LIFEWAYS POLITICAL & LEGAL FACTORS EDUCATIONAL FACTORS TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ECONOMIC FACTORS

3 CULTURALLY BASED ACTIONS: CULTURE CARE PRESERVATION CULTURE CARE ACCOMODATION CULTURE CARE REPATTERNING

NURSING PROCESS
THE CORNERSTONE OF THE NURSING PROFESSION SYNANYMOUS WITH THE PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH FOR DISCOVERING THE HEALTHCARE AND NURSING NEEDS OF THE CLIENT

 STEPS:

LYDIA HALL ORIGINATED THE TERM NURSING PROCESS IN 1955, INTRODUCED OBSERVATION,ADMIN OF CARE, VALIDATION DOROTHY JOHNSON INTRODUCED ASSESSMENT, DECISION, NURSING ACTION IDA JEAN ORLANDO 3 STEPS, CLIENTS BEHAVIOR, NURSES REACTION, NURSES ACTION 1961 YURA & WALSH 4 COMPONENTS, ASSESSING PLANNING,IMPLEMENTING, AND EVALUATING AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION: DIAGNOSIS,

ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION

Characteristics of the nursing process:

Cyclic and dynamic Goal directed and client centered Interpersonal and collaborative Universally applicable Systematic