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သာသနခ်ိန္ခြင္တရားေတာ္မင္းကြန္းဆရာေတာ္ အရွင္၀ိစိတၱသာရဘိ၀ံသ
သာသနခ်ိန္ခြင္တရားေတာ္မင္းကြန္းဆရာေတာ္ အရွင္၀ိစိတၱသာရဘိ၀ံသ
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oZm,H=&Gwt
f o
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I /kd ua&,smod=oifcspo
f m;jyKavmh/
a[m'g ok;H (3) eHygwf idu
k rf sO;f jcif;aysmufatmif jyKvyk w
f ehJ nf;yg/ (pdwef rYJ rd &d wJh
pm) at;...,aeYA'k b
mom0if trsK;d om;+trsK;d orD;rsm;taeeJq
Y ,
dk if "rpMum&w,f?
8
wdyd#u"&rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf 0gwGif;w&m;awmf(csdefcGifBuD;av;vuf)
(tidu
fk af ysmufatmifvyk w
f ehJ nf;/) em;ysO;f udk vufeb
YJ ,fjyefnmjyefq/JG ('gwifyJ
vm;qkdawmh)
wdyd#u"&rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
au,smod=tzefzefvSnfhMunfhavavmh/ euwmedwm&u&lyged=aumif;uifrSm&SdwJh
euwMf u,fwm&mtaygif;wku
Yd /kd Oavmau,smod=armf
h Munfah vavmh/
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf 0gwGif;w&m;awmf(csdefcGifBuD;av;vuf)
wdyd#u"&rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
(bmqkv
d w
dk mvJ/ rsupf u
d [kMd unhf 'DMunhf rMunfeh ?YJ rdr&d UJ &lyum,xJwiG yf pJ uKa`Eu
ckd sNy;D awmhxm;? em;uvnf;yJ tjyiftyu toHawGukd em;raxmife?YJ tJ ESmacgif;
a`E? vQma`E? ud,
k
f a`Eq
w
kd hJ 'Da`Ea wG[m tjyiftyudk tm&Ho
k mG ;Ny;D r,lapeJ)Y /
(rdr&d UJ pdww
f nf;[laom a`Ev
nf;yJ cEmud,
k jf yifbufoYkd xGurf oGm;apeJ/Y b,f
rSmxm;&rvJq,
kd iff tZwa c: rdrcd Emud,
k w
f iG ;f rSm&Sw
d hJ &kyef mrfw&m;xJrmS yJ reda`Eq
dk
wJph w
d u
f x
kd m;? xm;Ny;D bmvkyrf &rvJq,
dk if)/
puFr=vlvm;wkaYH cguf pMua vQmufjcif;ud/k t"d|a[,smod=oifcspo
f m;aqmuf
wnfygav/
(at;...rdr&d UJ cEmud,
k t
f wGi;f rSm&Sw
d hJ &kyef mrfw&m;awGay:rSm pdwx
f m;Ny;D awmh
pBuavQmufay;...wJh/)
XmeH acg yae+wH 0dZw
?d ,H aw {0H 0d[&awm wH rd'H y[Da,x/
arm*vm e=cspo
f m; arm*vm ef.../ ,H a,e=tMuifoaYkd om vl;vmwkaHY cguf
a`Eu
ckd sKyw
f nf; pMua vQmufjcif;wnf;[laom taMumif;jzif/h {0H 0d[&awm=odkY
pBua vQmufaeaom/ aw=oifcspo
f m;\ (oEmef)/ wH rd'=H xkid u
kd rf sO;f jcif; rd'w
&m;
ud/k y[Da,x=y,ftyfav&m\/ {wH XmeH=taMumif;onf/ 0dZw
d acg-0dZw
d {0=
pifppf{uef trSe&f o
dS nfomwnf;/
(cspo
f m;...pBua vQmufay;/ tJ'pD Bua vQmufay;jcif;[m ckepfcak jrmufiu
kd rf sO;f
aysmufaMumif;w&m;jzpfw,f...wJh/)
'Dw&m;ckepfyg;[m wu,fw&m;ESvkH;usifhokH;wJh a,m*Dolawmfpifrsm;tzdkY tNrJ
rSwrf ad eaomw&m;ckepfyg;jzpfonft
h wkid ;f 'Dae&mrSm ]]idu
k rf sO;f jcif;aysmufaMumif;w&m;
ckepfyg;vuFm}}udk t"dym ,ftcsKyEf iS w
hf uG azmfjyygOD;tH/h
(1) y,fazsmufonm?
(2) pm ESv;Hk oGi;f ?
(3) pmtHvQi;f wnf?h
(4) em;ysO;f +ud,
k +f oyf?
13
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf 0gwGif;w&m;awmf(csdefcGifBuD;av;vuf)
wdyd#u"&rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
idu
k rf sO;f aeaom csr;f omwku
Yd kd igrcHpm;bl;[J}h }[k pdwu
f w
kd if;vsuf vsijf refpmG x&rnf/
um; t*Fw
k Kd &yf gVdawmf owuedygwf ypvm,rmeokwv
f m idu
k rf sO;f jcif; y,f
azsmufaMumif;w&m; ckepfyg;wnf;/ &kad opGmvku
d ef m jznfu
h siEhf idk Mf uygapukeo
f wnf;/
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf 0gwGif;w&m;awmf(csdefcGifBuD;av;vuf)
wdyd#u"&rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
uJaumif;Ny?D tJ'v
D dk O|meonmudEk v
S ;Hk oGi;f Ny;D tdy,
f if ud,
k &f nf&,
G w
f ehJ m&D? rdepf
tcsdefrSmEkd;wmyJ? uJ-Ekd;,ifb,fhES,fvkyf&rvJ-
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf 0gwGif;w&m;awmf(csdefcGifBuD;av;vuf)
rd'o
ck =Ek;d Ny;D wJah emuf jyefNy;D tdyv
f u
dk &f vkYd idu
k v
f u
dk &f vkjYd zpfwhJ csr;f omokcrsK;d /
'Dock ok;H yg;udt
k m;xkwNf y;D aom igraebl;[Jv
h Ydk tJ'v
D adk tmufarhNy;D awmh oifcspf
om; jrefjrefE;dk x&r,f/
(u) ckepfyg;aomenf;jzifh idu
k rf sO;f jcif;aysmufatmif tm;xkwyf g/
(c) tJ'cD ek pfenf;eJrY S raysmufawmhb;l qkw
d ahJ emufq;Hk rSm 'Dpnf;urf;eJt
Y yd yf g/
(*) tdy&f mEk;d onfEiS hf wpfNyKd ief uf vsipf mG x&rnf/
wkid af tmifaom pum;&yfjzifh jrwfpmG bk&m;onf t&Siaf rm*vm eftm; xde+rd'
udyk ,faMumif; tusiyhf #dywfukd a[mfawmfryl gw,f/
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
y,fazsmufonm?
pmESv;Hk oGi;f ?
pmtHvQiw
f nf?h
em;ysO;f udu
k o
f yf?
t&yf&aI rQm?f
tmavmuyGm;?
pBuo
mG ;? ckepfyg;idu
k rf sO;f aysmufaMumif;wnf;/
xde+rd'u
ykd ,faMumif; tusichf ek pfyg; a[mNy;D awmh bma[mjyefovJqadk wmhwomwd[ arm*vm e {0H oduw
d A/H
arm*vm e=cspo
f m;arm*vm ef../ wom=od&Yk um;/ aw=oifcspo
f m;onf/ {0H=
od/kY oduw
d A=H usit
hf yf\? usi&hf rnf/ (b,fvv
dk )J /
e Opmaom@H y*a[wGm ukvmed OyouFrdmrDwd {0H aw arm*vme
oduw
d A/H
18
wdyd#u"&rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
t[H=igonf/ Opmaom@H=jrifah rmufwrhJ mefrmewnf;[laom ESmarmif;ud/k y*a[wGm=csaD jrmuf/ ukvmed=trsK;d av;yg; 'umrsm;od/Yk e OyouFr
d mrd=igroGm;tH/h
wd[d=odkYESvkH;ydkufvQif/ arm*vme=cspfom;arm*vmef..? bduK=trSwfrxif&
[ef;wpfyg;yg;onf/ Opmaom@H=jrifharmufwJhrmefrmewnf;[laom ESmarmif;ukd/
y*a[wGm=csaD jrm uf/ ukvmed=trsK;d av;yg;'um 'umrrsm;xHo/Ykd oap OyouFrwd=
tu,foGm;jim;tHh/
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf 0gwGif;w&m;awmf(csdefcGifBuD;av;vuf)
wMw=xko
d t
Ydk rd af ygufa&mufaomtcg 'um 'umrwku
Yd pd r sm;aevdYk &[ef;udrk jrif
aomtcg/
('um 'umrawGrmS a&mif;rI 0,fru
I pd a wGtifrwef&yI af xG;aevkYd ud,
k af wmfurkd
jrifMubl;qkd,if)bduK =&[ef;\ (oEmef)/ aumok emr=tb,frnfaomolu/ 'ged=,ck
tcg/ rH=ighu/kd ro ukav=tdrf / y&dbbdE=d pdw0f rf;uGaJ tmifrsm; jyKvyk x
f m;yg
vdr/hf ar rEkm=tdru
f vlwo
Ydk nf/ 'ged=,cktcg/ 0d&w&yl g=wyfjcif;uif;aom
oabm&Su
d ek \
f / wd=od/Yk {0H=odt
Yk xifrmS ; tjrifrmS ;tMurH mS ;jcif;onf/ a[mwd=
jzpfwwf\/
'um 'umrawGuawmh tvkyu
f pd r sm;vkYd ]]<uygbk&m;}}vkrYd yifEh idk Mf u? qGr;f ravmif;
Ekid Mf uwm? 'gudk 'Du,
kd af wmfu ]]b,fou
l rsm; ihgudk ,ck''D um 'umrawGev
YJ yk x
f m;yg
vdr?hf ,ck 'Dtrd u
f vlawG[m ighay:rSm a&S;ueJrY wl wrlx;l jcm;wyfjcif;uif;wJo
h abm&Sd
ukeMf uNy}D }vkYd txifrmS ; tjrifrmS ; tMurH mS ;awGjzpfawmh a&SUbmqufjzpfwwfovJqadk wmhwd+ tvmabe ruFkbma0g? ruFkblw O'pH? O'w toH0a&m?
toH0w
k tm&m pdwH orm"drmS /
wd=odv
Yk Qi/f t=xk&d [ef;tm;/ tvmabe='um 'umrrsm; udpr sm;aevkYd
qGr;f avmif;Ekid w
f t
hJ wGuf qGr;f r&jcif;[laomtaMumif;aMumif/h ruFb
k ma0g=ESv;Hk rom
,mjcif;onf/ a[mwd=jzpf\/
(pdwu
f txifv,
JG if wpfcgwnf; ESv;Hk vJ rcsr;f omawmhb;l /)
ruFkblw=ESvkH;romr,mjzpfaom &[ef;\oEmef/ O'pH=tm&HkaxGjym;a&GU
vsm;jcif;qdw
k hJ O'pw
&m;onf/ a[mwd=jzpfavawmh\/
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D ,
dk if wpfcgwnf; xkx
d t
dk m&Hk pdw&f UJ vGiyhf g;ESv;Hk wkev
f yI rf q
I w
dk hJ
O'pawGay:vma&mwJh/)
20
wdyd#u"&rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
O'w=O'pu
ed ;f 0yfwyhJ *k Kd vt
f m;/ toH0a&m=&[ef;odum udk rapmifph nf;jcif;
onf/ a[mwd=jzpf\/
arm*vm e=cspo
f m;arm*vm ef.../ toH 0kw=ud,
k +f EIwu
f rkd apmifph nf;aom
&[ef;\/ pdw=H pdwo
f nf/ orm"drmS =Oypm&orm"d? tyemorm"dr/S tma&m=a0;awmh
\/
(ud,
k Ef w
I rf rS apmifph nf;bl;qk,
d if tJ'u
D ,
kd af wmf&UJ pdw[
f m b,fvedk nf;eJrY OS ypm
&orm"d avmuDpsmeform"d avmukw& mr*fzv
kd o
f rm"dqw
dk hJ tyemorm"dawGet
YJ a0;
Bu;D a0;jcm;uGmvSr;f oGm;w,f? avmuD avmukw& mpsmef& r*f& zkv
d &f wJyh *k Kd vrf sK;d ? pdwf
rsKd;rjzpfawmhbl;/)
pum;&yfjzifh jrwfpmG bk&m;onf t&Sirf [marm*vm efukd 'um 'umrwkx
Yd q
H rG ;f
cHomG ;wJt
h cgrSm ig[laom rmefrmeESmarmif;ajrm ufroGm;&ef a[mNy;D wJah emufqufNy;D
bma[mjyefovJq,
dk if a,m*g0p&yk*Kd vrf sm;&JU aygif;oif;qufqaH &;udk jrwfpmG bk&m;
a[mawmfrljyefw,f/
womwd[ arm*vm e {0H oduw
d A?H ]]e 0d*g [duuxH waxmrD}}wd {0H [d
aw arm*vm e oduw
d AH/
arm*vm e=cspo
f m;arm*vm ef.../ wom=od&Yk um;/ [=tHzh ,
G &f pS jf zm ig
bk&m;\omoem/ aw=oifcspo
f m;onf/ {0H=od/Yk oduw
d A=H usiMhf uBH uKd ;ukwt
f m;
xkwf&rnf/
(b,fvv
dk /J )
t[H=igonf/ 0d*g [du uxH=qefu
Y sib
f uf,w
l phJ um;ud/k ]]e uaxmrD}}wd=
rajymqdb
k ;l [Jv
h /Ydk arm*vm e=cspo
f m;arm*vm ef/ aw=oifcspo
f m;onf/ {0H [d=odkY
vQi/f oduw
d A=H usiMhf uBH uKd ;ukwt
f m;xkwt
f yf\/ tm;xkw&f rnf/
21
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf 0gwGif;w&m;awmf(csdefcGifBuD;av;vuf)
cspo
f m; awGUawGUorQy*k Kd vaf wG&UJ tay:rSm qefu
Y sib
f ufu,
kd w
l phJ um;udk ig rajym
Mum;bl;[Jv
h Ydk tJ'v
D Edk v
S ;Hk oGi;f av/
0d*g[duuxm=qefYusifbufudk,lwJhpum;qkdwm b,fvkdpum;rsKd;vJqkd,if-
wdyd#u"&rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
(apmapmuajymcJw
h t
hJ wkid ;f ]]rif; "r0ed ,udrk odygbl;? igom odwm}}odpYk onf
jzifh qefu
Y sib
f ufpum;ajymMum;vk&Yd ,
dS if ud,
k u
f wpfbufowfajymaeayr,fh [kw
d pfbuf
uvnf; yg;pyfrygwmr[kwb
f ;l ? wpfbufujyefNy;D acsy,if oluacsy+iguacsy? awmf
awmfMumawmhpum;awGrsm;ukefa&m? tJ'Dvdk uxmAm[kv=pum;rsm;,ifbmjzpfwwf
ovJqkdawmhuxmAm[kav owd O'pH/ uxmAm[kav=olajymudk,fajymESpfbufajymESifhp
um;awGajymrsm;vwfonf&adS omf/ O'p=H O'po
nf/ a[mwd=jzpfvm\/
O'w toH0a&m=O'pjzpfvmNyDqkdvkdY&Sd,if um,oH0&? 0pDoH0& um,uH
0pDuaH wGukd rapmifx
h ed ;f awmhb;l /
toH0w
k tma&mpdwH orm"drmS =um,uH 0pDuu
H rkd apmifph nf;awmhb;l qkw
d hJ
yk*Kd v&f UJ pdw[
f m Oypm&orm"d? tyemorm"dEpS yf g;wkrYd S a0;avawmh\/
'Dpum;&yfukd yk*Kd vw
f EYdk iS phf um;ES;D aESmajymqk&d m tydik ;f tjcm;pnf;urf;uvem;
xm;zk&Yd ef jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;awmfrjl cif; jzpfygw,f/
at;..olwpfyg;udak wGv
Y &Ykd ,
dS if xku
d o
f avmufwefoavmufawmh pum;ajym&
r,f/ tJ'D pum;ajymqkrd I pnf;urf;uvem; xm;yg? tckajymcJw
h 0hJ *d g [duuxmqkw
d hJ
qefu
Y sib
f ufpum;awGukd rajymygeJv
Y jYkd rwfpmG bk&m;u pum;ajymykeH nf;vrf;ay;wm? 'gu
wpf&yf/ Ny;D a&SUqufNy;D bmtrde&Yf o
dS vJqadk wmhem+[H arm*ve oaAa[0 oHo*H 0P,mrd/ e yem+[H arm*vm e oaAa[0
oHo*H e 0P,mrd/
arm*ve =cspo
f m;arm*ve .f ../ t[H=vlo;Hk yg;wkq
Yd &m bk&m;igonf/ oaAa[0=tvkH;pHkwkdYESifhomvQif/ oHo*H=ESD;aESma&maxG;jcif;udk/ e 0P,mrd=rcsD;rGrf;/
23
'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf 0gwGif;w&m;awmf(csdefcGifBuD;av;vuf)
arm*ve =cspo
f m;arm*ve .f ../ t[H=vlo;Hk yg;wk\
Yd q&m bk&m;igonf/ oaAa[0=
tvk;H pHw
k EYdk iS o
hf mvQi/f oHo*H= ED;S aESma&maxG;jcif;ud/k e ye e 0P,mrd=cs;D rGr;f onfvnf;
r[kwfyg/
cspo
f m;...? igbk&m;[m tm;vH;k eYaJ &maESmaewmudv
k nf; rcs;D rGr;f bl;? tm;vk;H eJY
a&maewmudk rcs;D rGr;f bl;vnf; r[kwb
f ;l ? at;...a&maESmjcif;rSerf eS o
f rQukd tukev
f ;Hk
igbk&m;cs;D rGr;f wm r[kwb
f ;l ? a&maESmjcif; rSerf eS o
f rQukd tukev
f ;kH vnf; igbk&m;rcs;D rGr;f
wmvnf; r[kwb
f ;l / rawmfaoma&maESmjcif;udak wmh igbk&m;rcs;D rGr;f bl;? oifah vsmaf om
a&maESmjcif;udak wmh igbk&m; cs;D rGr;f w,f? 'Dvq
dk v
dk ydk gw,f/ b,fvadk &maESmjcif;rsK;d udk
jrwfpmG bk&m;rcs;D rGr;f ovJ? qufNy;D awmh jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;awmfrw
l ,f/
o*[|yAZad wwd acg arm*vm e oHo*H e 0P,mrd/
arm*ve=cspfom;arm*vef.../ o*[|yAZdaw[d=vlESifhwuGaom&[ef;wkdY
ESi/hf acg=pifppf/ oHo*H= pum;awGazmifavmufatmifajym waomaomESiahf &maESm
aejcif;ud/k e 0P,m"d=igbk&m;rcs;D rGr;f /
a,m*g0p& yk*Kd vq
f w
dk m vlawG&[ef;awGepYJ um;awG azmifzaYJG jym waomaomeJY
&,farmaejcif;udk igbk&m;rcs;D rGr;f bl;/ vk&d if;uawmh ygy rdw oHo*ukd a&Smif&r,fvYdk
qkv
d &dk if;jzpfw,f/ 'gjzif,
h if aumif;Ny?D tJ'v
D akd &maESmrIukd jrwfpmG bk&m; rcs;D rGr;f ,if
b,fvkda&maESmrIudkawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;csD;rGrf;ovJqkdawmh,med p acg wmed aoemoemed tyo'ged tyead *gomed? 0dZe0gwmed rEk&m[a,sumed y#dovmeom&kyg ed? wxm &lay[d aoemoae[d oHo*H 0P,mrd/
,med p acg wmed aoemoemed=tMuifausmif;wko
Yd nf/
(b,fvo
kd abm&SMd uovJ/)
tyo'ged=vlou
H if;qdwu
f ek \
f / tyead *gomed=NrKd UoH+&GmoHwrdYk u
S if;uke\
f / 0dZe0gwmed=oGm;vmolvw
l \
Ydk avrSuif;qdwu
f ef\/ rEk&m[a,sumed=vlwo
Ykd nf
(rif;rsm;rodatmif) vQKUd 0Suaf omudpu
kd jyKEidk u
f ek \
f / y#dovmeom&kyg ed=olawmfaumif;
wkt
Yd zk&Yd efavsmu
f ef\/ wxm&lay[d aoemoae[d=xdo
k o
Ykd abm&Sad omausmif;wkEYd iS /hf
oHo*H= a&maESmrIu/kd 0P,mrd=igbk&m;cs;D rGr;f \/
24
wdyd#u"&rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
t*Fgig;csufum;...
(1) tyo'=vlou
H if;qdwjf cif;?
(2) tyead *go=NrKd UoH+&GmoHwEYdk iS rhf a&mjcif;?
(3) 0dZe0gw=toGm;tvmvlwaYdk vrS uif;jcif;?
(4) rEk&m[ao,su=vlrsm; rif;tp&Sad omolwrYdk odatmif vQKUd 0Suaf omudp
udjk yKcsi,
f if jyKvyk Ef idk o
f nfah e&mjzpfjcif;? (vQKUd 0Sut
f yfwu
hJ pd q
w
dk m rif;paomolwrYdk od
atmif yke;f vQK;d uG,v
f QK;d jyKvyk t
f yfwhJ t&ufcsujf cif;paom udpr sK;d udq
k o
dk nf/)
(5) y#dovmeom&ky= &[ef;awmftzkYd wpfu,
kd w
f nf;ude;f atmif;aexkid zf Ydk oifh
avsmaf vsmufywfjcif;/
t*Fg 5-csuu
f m;oym,jzpf aexku
d af om awm&ausmif;\t*Fg 5-csuw
f Ydk
wnf;/
rQjzifh jrwfpmG bk&m;onf t&Siaf rm*vm eftm; iku
d rf sO;f jcif;uif;aysmufaMumif;
w&m; ckepfyg;wku
Yd v
kd nf; a[mNy;D Ny?D qGr;f cHomG ;wJt
h cg 'um 'umrwkt
Yd ay:pdwx
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25
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26
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27
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35
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38
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40