Applied Anatomy of Respiratory System

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Topic Cover
Disease Related to Different Part Of System
Nose

Pharynx
Larynx Bronchi

Lungs
Pleura

Nose
RHINITIS.
EPISTAXIS (Nose Bleeding)

CATARRH

Rhinitis
Irritation and Inflammation of the mucous

membrane inside the nose. Symtoms: Common symptoms of rhinitis are a stuffy nose, runny nose, and post-nasal drip Cause: viruses, bacteria, irritants or allergens. Types: 1} Acute and Chronic bacterial infections 2} Non allergic rhinitis (autonomic, hormonal, drug) 3} Allergic rhinitis (dust, pollen, mold,)

Cont.
Treatment:
Avoid allergic symptoms such as dust, mold,

pollen Antihistamines (levocetirizine ), decongestants Leukotriene modifiers :relieve a stuffy nose, itching and sneezing, and a runny nose. Cromolyn sodium : may reduce sneezing, nasal discharge, a stuffy nose, and eye irritation.

Epistaxis
Nose Bleed : Hemorrhage from the nose,

arising in the cavity or in sinuses Cause : Injury to the vessel foreign body Inflammatory Reaction Infectious disease Surgery , Drugs (Aspirin , Warfarin ) Anemia , Heart failure Vascular Disorders.

Cont..
Treatment: Local application of a vasoconstrictive agent

has been shown to reduce the bleeding Using local application of silver nitrate compound to any visible bleeding vessel Packing of the nose with ribbon gauze or an absorbent dressing drugs oxymetazoline or phenylephrine are nasal sprays for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Catarrh (hey Fever)

Disorder of inflammation of the mucous membranes in one of the airways or cavities of the body Symptom are common cold and chesty coughs, but can also be found in patients with infections of the middle ear, sinus or tonsils. The eyes, nose, and cheeks become swollen, mucous membrane of the nose becomes hyperemic and swollen, which obstructs nasal breathing. Excessive mucus running out of the nose

 Treatment:
Including decongestant products - by mouth

or nasal spray - designed to relieve the symptoms of catarrh Inhaling steam from a bowl of hot water may help some people. Menthol crystals or eucalyptus oil may be added to the water. Guaifenesin is an expectorant and helps to clear the chest by thinning secretions .