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salinity rainfall
14 1200 12

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Rainfall (mm)

1000

10

800

Salinity(ds/m)

600

400

200

198 0 198 2 198 4 198 6 198 8 199 0 199 2 199 4 199 6 199 8 200 0 200 2 200 4 200 6

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Rainfall(mm)

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23

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