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24476324 บทที่ 7 แผนผังภาพสมดุลสำหรับเหล็กและเหล็ก คาร์บอน The Iron Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram
24476324 บทที่ 7 แผนผังภาพสมดุลสำหรับเหล็กและเหล็ก คาร์บอน The Iron Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram
-
(The Iron-Iron Carbide Equilibrium Diagram)
(Manufacture of Wrought Iron)
- (The Iron-Iron Carbide Diagram)
(Definition of Structure)
(The Critical-Temperature Lines)
(Classification of Steel)
(Effect of Small Quantities of Other Elements)
(Wrought Iron)
2
(High-purity iron and Slag) Iron
Silicate
(Wrought iron)
0.08% 0.06%
0.05-0.160%
slag 0.10
0.20% 1-3%
Carbon 0.06% Manganese 0.045%
Silicon 0.101% Phosphorus 0.068%
Sulfur 0.009 Slag by weight 1.97%
()
(Longitudinal or Rolling) (Transverse)
Wrought Iron 1.5-3.5%
wrought Iron
Wrought iron
2800F (1538C)
2800F (1538C)
2800F (1538C)
Delta-iron (-iron), BCC
(non-magnetic)
Body-Centered Cubic
2554F (1401C)
(BCC) BCC
Delta-iron (-iron)
Gamma-iron (-iron), FCC
(non-magnetic)
2554F
(1401C)
1616F (908C)
Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
Alpha-iron (-iron), BCC
Gamma-iron (-iron)
(non-magnetic)
1616F (908C)
1414F (768C)
BCC
Alpha-iron (-iron), BCC
Alpha-iron (-iron) Ferrite
(magnetic)
1414F (768C)
BCC
,
(Recrystallization)
(Recrystallization) 3
()
() Ferrite (iron) Austenite (-iron)
Grain growth ( FCC Austenite )
() Austenite
(-iron) Ferrite (-iron)
Grain growth ( BCC Ferrite
)
(Graphite)
1300F
metastable -
metastable
- ()
3
Isothermal
austenite
delta
2720F Peritectic
cooling
b.c.c. 0.10% ( M)
f.c.c.
allotropic
allotropic 2554
2720F 0.10% C
- ()
NMPB NM
b.c.c.
Fe f.c.c. Fe
0.10% MP
Peritectic 0.10-0.18%
0.18% NP
PB Pertectic
0.18-0.50%
0.50% B
allotropic
- ()
CED Eutectic E eutectic 4.3%
2065F Eutectic
austenite+ iron carbide (Cementite)
eutecitc Ladeburite Eutectic
cooling
Eutectic mixture--Ladeburite
austenite
GH 1666F
f.c.c b.c.c
b.c.c. Fe Ferrite
- ()
HJK Eutectoid J eutectoid
0.80% 1333F austenite
eutectoid mixture ferrite cementite Pearlite eutectoid
cooling
Eutectoid mixture--Pearlite
2% (Steel)
2% (Cast irons)
0.8% Hypoeutectoid Steels
0.8-2% Hypereutectoid Steels
4% Hypoeutectic Cast Iron 4%
Hypereutectic Cast Iron
2065F
1666F
2% 10%
ferrite austenite
ferrite
B.C.C.
F.C.C.
()
HJ 25% austenite 75% ferrite austenite
25% (Rule II) 0.8%
eutectoid Austenite cooling Ferrite + Cementite Austenite
heating
Eutectoid mixture--Pearlite Pearlite
pearlite 25% ferrite 75%
Austenite interstitial solid solution
eutectoid
0.8% (f.c.c. Fe) ferrite b.c.c. Fe
austenite
(a)
A1
FCC
Austenite 100%
(b) Austenite
Ferrite
(c)
Austenite
Ferrite
Ferrite
25%
Austenite 75%
(d)
Austenite
Ferrite
Cementite
Pearlite
Pearlite 25%
Ferrite
(Proeutectoid
Ferrite) 75%
()
ferrite pearlite
ferrite 75% pearlite 25%
Hypoeutectoid
ferrite pearlite
eutectoid (0.8% C)
pearlite
0.4% C pearlite 50%
()
2 hypereutectoid 1% austenite
f.c.c.
1% CJ (upper-critical-temperature line)
CJ austenite
CJ austenite x3 austenite
austenite
x3 x4 cementite
austenite
x4 eutectoid (lower-critical temperature)
eutectoid austenite
proeutectoid cementite
austenite cementite
3.4% austenite 96.6%
()
eutectoid hypereutectoid allotropic
f.c.c. b.c.c. autenite 96.6% (0.8% C) pearlite
pearlite 96.6% cementite 3.4%
proeutectoid cementite
ferrite
cementite
(pearlite)
pearlite hypoeutectoid
eutectoid 0.8%
eutectoid
cementite
Critical-temperature lines
11F/min
Ladeburite: eutectic
austenite cementite
Cementite or iron carbide: Fe3C
6.67% interstitial compound
( 5000 psi)
orthorhombic
Ferrite
Austenite
Austenite: (f.c.c.
iron) C 2%
2065F 150 000 psi
10% 2 in 40 Rockwell C
Ferrite: (b.c.c. iron)
0.025% 1333F
0.008%
40000 psi
Rockwell B 90
Pearlite: eutectoid 0.80% 1333F
120 000 psi
20% 2 in Rockwell C 20
Pearlite
(Classification of Steel)
(Method of Manufacturing)
Bessemer, Open-Hearth Steel, Electric
Furnace Steel, Crucible Steel
(Use)
(Machine Steel), (Spring Steel),
(Boiler Steel), (Structure Steel), (Tool
Steel)
(Chemical Composition)
The American Society for Testing Material (ASTM), The
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI)
AISI SAE 4
1 = carbon, 2 = nickel, 3 = nickel
and chromium, 4 = molybdenum, 43 = nickel and chromium and molybdenum
3 2
(Carbon content) 10 = 0.10% carbon content)
2520 nickel 5%
0.2%
5 2
AISI prefix prefix
(Sulfur): Sulfur Iron Iron Sulfide (FeS)
FeS Fe Eutectic Solution (
Fe)
Eutectic solution
()
()
Hot-Short Hot-Short
0.05% (Mn)
2 8 (Mn S Manganese Sulfide,
MnS , Slag)
Free Machining Steel 0.08 0.35%
()
(Phosphorus) : 0.12%
Cold-Short
Cold-Short 0.04%
-iron (Ferrite)
(Strength) (Hardness)
0.04 0.12% Sulfur 0.16 0.35%
()
(Manganese) : 0.03 1 %
2
MnS ( 2 8
)
(
deoxidizer) Iron
Iron (Fe)
Mn3C Fe3C Cementite
1% (Hardness) (Strength)
()
10% -iron (Austenite)
()
(Silicon) : 0.05 0.3 %
2
( deoxidizer) SiO2,
sand)
(Strength)
(Ductility) -iron
(Ferrite) (Substitutionally Dissolving)
3% (Electrical Properties)
(Magnetic Properties)
()
(Nickel): FCC Iron iron (Austenite) 100% (Hardness) iron (Ferrite) (Strength)
(Toughness)
(Critical transformation
temperature)
-iron (Austenite)
( Stainless steel )
()
(Chromium): BCC Iron
-iron (Ferrite) (Strength)
-iron (Austenite) (Hardness)
Chromium Carbides
(Tool steel)
(Corrosion- and heat resistance steel; stainless steel)